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解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题

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下面是小编给各位读者分享的解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题，欢迎大家分享。本文原稿由网友“畅炫QQ28713194”提供。

篇1：解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题

汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题

托福阅读高频难点题型：主旨题

主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题，建议考生把这道题放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。

托福阅读高频难点题型：列举题

列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。

托福阅读高频难点题型：文章结论题

文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相当于文章主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对文章最后部分，也有可能针对整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个文章。

托福阅读高频难点题型：作者态度题

作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。

托福阅读高频难点题型：文章结构题

文章结构题三种：A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句，因为文章首句承上启下，尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走：第一、读文章每段首句，文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面，下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题，即竖看文章每段首句，横看文章最后一句，其他句子是文章所讲内容，而不是下面将要讲的内容，往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题，只需要读文章每段首句即可，因为这些句子是文章框架。

托福阅读背景知识汇总之睡与梦

睡与梦( dream and sleep)

梦是生活中难解之谜，自古以来引起各种各样的解释和猜想。释梦几乎是精神分析医生及占卜者所独有。笔者就近期对脑电波、香味、音乐与气功的研究科学观点出发，尝试努力把哲学、生理学、心理学及脑科学知识融为一体客观地去探索“睡与梦”的机理，寻找启发性新理论来满足科学及哲学范畴对“睡与梦”解释的需要。透过对“睡与梦”探讨过程，希能使朋友们更好地去认识您自己，发掘自己的潜能。

托福阅读背景知识汇总之梦境的解释

对梦的解释不论古今中外都引起广泛兴趣及争论，大致可分脑神经生理学及精神分析学两学派：

1.脑神经生理学者克里克“F.Crick”是近代代表者。

他认为做事是为了整理记忆，梦并不是提醒我们什麽，而是通过快波睡眠忘记无用讯息，避免储存讯息过度饱和而造成混乱。做事时主要是大脑的脑干部份产生兴奋，发出讯号引起脑视觉区出现影像，前脑把传送到视觉区讯号勉强编成梦，若浪费精力去解释梦意义是毫无价值。

2.精神分析学者佛浴伊德“S.Freud”认为：人有根多欲望和想法被压抑在潜意识深处。入睡後，彼压抑的欲望和观念便会在梦中偷偷进入意识里，但它们是经过化装的，真实意义已经过象征化或符号化。对梦作分析可以了解压抑与问题所在“也可预先参考图二”。

从电脑学发掘“梦”的新理论

快波睡眠等于做梦吗?实验报告证明快波睡眠期约有百分之七十机会做梦。但如果说快波睡眠就是做梦期，在母体内的胎儿及新生儿，快波睡眠高达百分之五十五至百分百。为什麽人生经验几乎是零的胎儿及新生儿，脑中还有什麽压抑欲望或无用讯息须花费那麽多时间去做梦?不论克里克或佛洛伊德的理论都无法获得满意答案。纽曼“Snowman”和伊凡斯“Cleans”两位学者提出从电脑角度去胁助理解人脑做梦机制，他们把人脑入睡後不能感知外界讯息时比拟电脑需暂停正常运作始能输入新程式或修改旧程式，来解释快波睡眠期可能是人脑在膳录或修改程式的时刻。此新启发性理论可满意解释胎儿及新生儿需要那麽长的快波睡眠，因为他们脑中的蛋白质分子正忙著在其脑纹上膳录生存本能及生活所必需的大量程式。此电脑程式观点不仅能把佛洛伊德和克里克理论互相沟通，同时对于析解各种人脑之谜注前迈跨一步。

篇2：托福阅读5种常见高频难题题型解题技巧

托福阅读5种常见高频难题题型解题技巧分享

托福阅读高频难点题型：主旨题

托福阅读高频难点题型：列举题

托福阅读高频难点题型：文章结论题

托福阅读高频难点题型：作者态度题

托福阅读高频难点题型：文章结构题

托福阅读考试推论题怎么做

托福阅读推理问题的类型和解决方案

推理题托福阅读是基于文章信息读取托福引进隐含的主题，可分为普通推理的问题，而不是常见的推理问题。在标题包含与原始内容相同的关键字的意义上存在共同的推理问题，并且原始推理基于关键字;没有共同元素的推理问题是源中的无线电缆。

托福阅读推理问题

推断的主题很难，但不是词汇问题或客观信息问题。通常，候选人只需在解决问题时找到原始文本。但是，即使推理问题可以位于原始文本中，候选人也找不到任何可以直接选择的证据。因此，很难解决思维过程中的问题。候选人在思考时必须了解“等级”。他们不应该在思考方面有局限性。文章中深层意义的深度还不够，或者存在过度的“思想扩张”。内在选择当思考有限时，候选人倾向于直接从原始文本中选择信息。这类信息是解决问题的常见障碍;如果思想扩张太多，就会增加自己的常识，这不利于解决问题，而且往往会回答错误的问题。

托福阅读推理问题的可选功能

这类问题的正确选择的分析是利用定位信息详尽提取的，这些信息一般不直接用原文本义表示，通常很含蓄广义;错误的选择通常包含3情况：第一种是没有文字的产地直销的内容，第二个是在原文中明确提到的内容，三是不相关的选项，它可以是信息在别处出现。

托福阅读理解能力如何提升?

单词量

词汇是阅读理解的基石。请不要相信“数以千计的词汇就够了”是欧洲和美国的文盲水平。我不懂外国和原版书籍。受过良好教育的母语为英语的人通常拥有超过20,000的词汇量。如果你想阅读各种类似的外国杂志，词汇量不应低于这个值。提高词汇量的最佳方法是阅读。

语法基础

语法句法的基础也对阅读理解的准确性有很大影响。最常见的是几句长句。如果你的句法基础不好，那将很难理解。解决方案也很简单。基地在哪里，这还不够。——有很多语法和句法知识。教科书需要花费几周的时间仔细阅读，但可理解性的提高是显而易见的。

背景知识

背景知识经常被忽视，但它在理解文章中起着重要作用。例如，如果你有英国的政党制度有一定的了解，据估计，在英国工党的选举经济学家的文章是不可理解的，即使他知道每一句话每一个字的含义。

以上是小编关于如何培养和提高阅读能力的方法和经验。阅读能力的培养不是一个孤立的事件，需要长期坚持。不断积累，坚持读书，坚持准备考试，并划分托福是指日可待!

托福阅读中常见的六大题型

一、文章内容小结题

这是托福阅读考试中经常出现的题目。顾名思义，是对全文内容的总结，考察的是对文章主旨和段落主旨的把握。正确选项是一些总结性的选项，错误选项的特点是：与原文不符，原文没有提到，或者是次要信息。

次要信息也就是文中提到的某个细节性的信息，次要信息的选项具有极大的干扰，同学们在做题时应注意识别。那么文章主旨和段落主旨怎么判断呢，我们可以结合文章标题和题目的引导句来判断文章主旨，段落主旨可以直接看段首句，段首句通常是段落的主旨句。

二、句子简化题

这种题型的主要考查目的是：考查考生们理解文章中某一特定复杂句子所传达的基本内容，并不受细枝末节的干扰，用简化的句子表达原句基本内容的能力。

因此，考生们的语法水平在解题过程中就显得尤为重要。这种题目在托福阅读中的具体表现是题目中有“high sentence”。

三、修辞目的题

这是托福阅读题型中比较难得分的题目，这种题目注重考察单词，短语或句子在句子之内或句子之间起到的作用，这就要求大家平时阅读时，在涉猎原文细节信息的基础之上，要有意识地注意句子之间的逻辑关系以及段落的结构。

在历年托福真题中，这类题目考查的比较少，但一出现就会难倒考生。

四、词汇题

在托福阅读题目的解答过程中，特别是词汇题总会让人有些头疼。特别是对于那些基础薄弱的学生来说，由于词汇量的问题，托福阅读中的词汇题就是一个更大的麻烦了。单词记忆主要就是背单词。所以关于如何去背单词，在这里上海新航道托福网上课程小编有几点建议：

1.利用零散的时间背单词。利用零散的时间背单词可以使用单词卡片。

2.进行高频率的重复，建议把重复的周期控制在7天以内。

3.把背单词和阅读相结合。广泛的阅读也是增加词汇量的一种方法，并且能够在阅读中加强对已经背过的单词的记忆。

五、事实否定题

在解答这种题目的时候首先要注意的是避免惯性思维的影响。平时大家的做题习惯当中，我们都是看到与原文相符或者和原文一样的选项就选，但是到了这个题目，需要选择不属于题干内容或者与原文相反的选项，这是需要注意的一点。

一般这种题目的定位范围都在原文的某一个或者两个自然段，所以第一步需要的就是根据题目大定位到某个自然段，然后根据选项特征对应原文进行选题。

六、推论题

文章中有些论点/观点没有明确阐述，但却强烈暗示出来了。如果文中有比较，推论题就可能问做比较的基础是什么。如果文中有对某一新现象的明确阐述，推论题就可能要求推论旧现象的特征。推论题虽然是传统题型，但难度很大。

这种题目就需要考试针对推论所提问的所在段有一个透彻的了解，对前后文逻辑有一个清晰的了解，不要被作者的表相所迷惑，分析题目的同时将主要内容提炼出来，答案就一目了然了。这类题目在托福阅读中经常出现，每篇阅读必有一题，所以一定不能够丢分。

篇3：托福阅读语法现象解读之5大类后置定语讲解

托福阅读语法现象解读 5大类后置定语讲解

什么是托福阅读中的后置定语?

后置定语，顾名思义分为后置和定语两个部分。后置也就是此种短语出现的位置是在名词之后，定语就是起到起到修饰限定作用的短语，注意是短语而不是句子，本质上相当于形容词。所以后置定语就是放在名词的后面起到限定修饰作用的短语。

托福阅读后置定语第1类

形容词做后置定语。如：fossil available.即为可用的化石。

托福阅读后置定语第2类

介词短语做后置定语。如lava on the surface，中 on the surface介词短语修饰lava，表示为表面上的熔岩。

托福阅读后置定语第3类

现在分词短语做后置定语。如the blood vessels carrying cooled blood.中的carrying cooled blood就是现在分词短语用来修饰限定the blood vessels，理解为运载着凉的血液的血管。

托福阅读后置定语第4类

过去分词短语做后置定语，the gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability中的caused by its diminished ability就是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the gradual drying of the soil，理解为减少的能力导致的土壤的干燥。

托福阅读后置定语第5类

不定式短语做后置定语。the ability to absorb water中to absorb water限定修饰 the ability，理解为吸收水的能力。

托福TPO26阅读模拟试题及答案

Energy and the Industrial Revolution

PARAGRAPH 1

For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenth-century rise in industry, technology, and economic power Known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing an energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. This was to occur with progress in the development of the steam engine.

PARAGRAPH 2

In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a 1 variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. The engine helped solve the problem of draining coal mines of groundwater and increased the production of coal needed to power steam engines elsewhere. A rotary engine attached to the steam engine enabled shafts to be turned and machines to be driven, resulting in mills using steam power to spin and weave cotton. Since the steam engine was fired by coal, the large mills did not need to be located by rivers, as had mills that used water- driven machines. The shift to increased mechanization in cotton production is apparent in the import of raw cotton and the sale of cotton goods. Between 1760 and 1850, the amount of raw cotton imported increased 230 times. Production of British cotton goods increased sixtyfold, and cotton cloth became Great Britain's most important product, accounting for one-half of all exports. The success of the steam engine resulted in increased demands for coal, and the M consequent increase in coal production was made possible as the steam-powered pumps drained water from the ever-deeper coal seams found below the water table.

PARAGRAPH 3

The availability of steam power and the demands for new machines facilitated the transformation of the iron industry. Charcoal, made from wood and thus in limited supply, was replaced with coal-derived coke (substance left after coal is heated) as steam-driven bellows came into use for producing of raw iron. Impurities were burnt away with the use of coke, producing a high-quality refined iron. Reduced cost was also instrumental in developing steam-powered rolling mills capable of producing finished iron of various shapes and sizes. The resulting boom in the iron industry expanded the annual iron output by more than 170 times between 1740 and 1840, and by the 1850s Great Britain was producing more tons of iron than the rest of the world combined. The developments in the iron industry were in part a response to the demand for more machines and the ever-widening use of higher-quality iron in other industries.

PARAGRAPH 4

Steam power and iron combined to revolutionize transport, which in turn had further implications. Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive, even with the use of rivers and canals wherever possible. Parallel rails had long been used in j mining operations to move bigger loads, but horses were still the primary source of power. However, the arrival of the steam engine initiated a complete transformation in rail transportation, entrenching and expanding the Industrial Revolution. As transportation improved, distant and larger markets within the nation could be reached, thereby encouraging the development of larger factories to keep pace with increasing sales. Greater productivity and rising demands provided entrepreneurs with profits that could be reinvested to take advantage of new technologies to further expand capacity, or to seek alternative investment opportunities. Also, the availability of jobs in railway Jj construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment. When the work was completed, many moved to other construction jobs or to factory work in cities and towns, where they became part of an expanding working class.

PARAGRAPH 1

1、Why does the author provide the information that “Great Britain had large amounts of coal”?

To reject the claim that Britain was facing an energy shortage in the eighteenth century f

To explain why coal rather than other energy resources became the primary source of heat for homes and industries in eighteenth-century Britain

To indicate that Britain's energy shortage was not the result of a lack of fuel

To explain why coal mining became an important industry in nineteenth-century

2、What was “the problem of energy” that had to be solved to make the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century possible?

Water and wind could not be used efficiently.

There was no efficient way to power machinery.

Steam engines required large amounts of coal, which was in short supply.

Neither humans nor animals were strong enough to provide the power required for industrial application.

PARAGRAPH 2

3、Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a development in cotton mills brought about by Watt's steam engine?

The importing of huge quantities of raw cotton by Britain

Increased mechanization

More possibilities for mill location

Smaller mills

4、The phrase “apparent in” in the passage is closest in meaning to

clearly seen in

aid in

associated with

followed By

5、According to paragraph 2, what was Britain's most important export by 1850?

Raw cotton

Cotton cloth

Steam-powered pumps

Coal

6、The word “consequent” in the passage is closest in meaning to

resulting

encouraging

well documented

immediate

7、What is the role of paragraph 2 in the passage as a whole?

It explains how by increasing the supply of raw materials from other countries, British industries were able to reduce costs and increase production.

It explains how the production of mechanical energy and its benefits spread quickly across countries that were linked commercially with Great Britain.

It demonstrates why developments in a single industry could not have caused the Industrial Revolution.

It illustrates why historians have assigned igreat importance to the issue of energy in the rise of the Industrial Revolution.

PARAGRAPH 3

8、According to paragraph 3, why was the use of coke important for the iron industry?

It helped make wood into charcoal.

It reduced the dependency on steam-powered machines used for the production of iron.

It replaced charcoal in the production of raw and refined iron.

It powered the machines used to extract coal in coal mines.

9、According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of the iron industry in Great Britain during t|| 1800s EXCEPT:

Steam-driven bellows were used to prHlice raw iron.

By the 1850s Britain was the world's largest producer of iron.

Steam-powered mills made it possible to produce iron of different shapes and sizes.

Greater demand for higher-quality iron increased its price.

PARAGRAPH 4

Steam power and iron combined to revolutionize transport, which in turn had further implications. Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freight over land remained expensive, even with the use of rivers and canals wherever possible. Parallel rails had long been used in j mining operations to move bigger loads, but horses were still the primary source of power. ■ However, the arrival of the steam engine initiated a complete transformation in rail transportation, entrenching and expanding the Industrial Revolution. ■ As transportation improved, distant and larger markets within the nation could be reached, thereby encouraging the development of larger factories to keep pace with increasing sales. ■ Greater productivity and rising demands provided entrepreneurs with profits that could be reinvested to take advantage of new technologies to further expand capacity, or to seek alternative investment opportunities. ■ Also, the availability of jobs in railway Jj construction attracted many rural laborers accustomed to seasonal and temporary employment. When the work was completed, many moved to other construction jobs or to factory work in cities and towns, where they became part of an expanding working class.

10、The word “initiated” in the passage is closest in meaning to

anticipated

accelerated

spread

started

11、Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the transformation in rail transportation?

Because railway construction employed mostly rural laborers, unemployment increased among urban workers.

It resulted in more trade within the country, but less trade with markets that could be reached only by ocean shipping.

It made shipping freight overland to distant markets less expensive.

It resulted in higher wages for factory workers.

12、The phrase “accustomed to” in the passage is closest in meaning to

in need of

used to

tired of

encouraged by

13、Look at the four squares [■] that indicate

where the following sentence could be added to the passage

The first steam-powered locomotives were slow but they rapidly improved in speed and carrying capacity.

14、Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

The coming of the Industrial Revolution in eighteenth-century Britain depended on the development of the steam engine to power machinery.

Answer Choices

A. For years, historians disregarded the issue of energy as a major element in the rise of the Industrial Revolution and focused instead on technological developments and increased production.

B. The introduction and growth of steam-powered rail transport was a major factor in Britain's economic expansion during the Industrial Revolution.

C. An expansion of the Industrial Revolution outside Great Britain occurred when British industries began to import raw cotton and high-quality iron.

D. By 1850, the use of steam power in Britain's mills, mines, and iron industry made Britain a world leader in the production of cotton cloth and iron.

E. Since the basic infrastructure was in place, the Industrial Revolution fueled itself with enlarging markets requiring ever more expansion of factories and workforce.

F. By the end of the 1800s, railway construction attracted so many laborers that factories could not find enough workers to keep up with increasing sales.

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