雅思阅读难题解读：headings

下面小编为大家带来雅思阅读难题解读：headings，本文共9篇，希望大家喜欢!本文原稿由网友“冬凛”提供。

篇1：雅思阅读难题解读：headings

雅思阅读难题解读：headings

资料集中营：雅思听说读写资料8分大神推荐

1、通过文章结构进行预判猜测。一篇通常开头引出主题或提出论点，中间段落进行实证或逻辑分析(按照时间推进，或者并列、递进等)，在文章最后进行总结或展望。因此，如果我们对文章的结构熟悉，可以事半功倍。

如剑桥7中，P48的选项MIRTP future model，通过其中的future，可以做出预判，可能出现在文章后面部分甚至最后。常见的文章结构可能有问题解决、实验分析、现象解释、两事物对比、时间顺序。在雅思阅读众多题材中，实验性文章占有相当大的比例。

我们就以剑5中的文章 Nature or Nurture(遗传还是环境) 为例来剖析一下实验型文章的总体架构。实验型文章常用的框架结构是研究基本情况，实验具体过程，实验结果，相关结论。Nature or Nurture(遗传还是环境)就是一篇非常有代表性的实验型文章。文章一共分为9 段，框架结构非常清晰。文章一开始就总体上介绍了实验的参与者是40个来自各个行业的教师- 实验对象。接下来阐述了实验的背景设置和学生参与者的真实身份。文章的第三段则是比较详细地介绍了在实验过程中实验对象和实验者 Milgram 的表现。第四段和第五段分别呈现了精神科医生对实验结果的预测和实际实验结果与预测结果形成的巨大反差。精神科医生预测，只有少数的教师实验对象能按照实验者的要求，把电压加到最大值。而实验的实际结果就是85% 的教师实验对象都做到了这一点。第六、七段是从遗传和环境的角度用两种截然不同的说法来解释这些差异。最后两段则是从当代社会生物学角度总结了这个实验的结论。

再比如，在剑桥9 attitudes to language一文中，作者采用的方法就是两种语言态度的对比，一个是prescribe，另外一个则是describe。所以考生在应对不同类型的文章时一定要搞懂框架结构，这对考题的解答，尤其是对于解答段落小标题，有着举足轻重的作用。

2、通过段落展开方式，来重点锁定主旨句位置所在。阅读常见的段落结构有总分、分总、总分总以及其他。对于前三种段落，就我们这个题型而言，总述概况的地方，也往往对应段落的首尾句，是我们不容忽视的焦点。除此之外，段落中可能存在起承转合的信号词，指引着段落前行的方向。

如果段落中出现举例的信号词：for example， for instance， take...as an example等，一般来说，例子前的概述或例子后的总结，则是段落的中心句。最后，段落内存有因果、让步、转折、并列、对比等内在的关系，那么关注的位置则各有差异。

表示让步的信号词如果出现：although, though, despite, in spite of, even if,even when, while，我们则需要关注其后内容。转折的词如but, however, yet的出现，我们也应该关注其后内容，进行同义替换，选取正确答案。

还有一些可能有点隐蔽的转折词：fortunately, unfortunately, unexpectedly等。

3、通过选项中的关键词进行大胆猜测，甄别真假。因为此类题目干扰项可能是细节选项，也可能是和正确答案表述有细微差异的选项，那么，考生根据关键词识别双胞胎选项，即一真一假选项的预判能力就显得比较重要。

如剑桥7中，P69选项：

Long standing questions about prehistoric migration to America和 Questions about the causes of prehistoric migration to America两者的差别在于一个单词：cause，考生看到选项之后，可以提高警惕，这两个可能是双胞胎选项。即一个选项是对的，另外一个则是高度迷惑的混淆项。

同时，我们可以对选项进行反向思维，也就是把每一个小标题看成一个命题作文的标题，然后去想按照这个标题，这个段落会写什么样的内容，会出现什么词汇。而“反向思维词”就是标题中能够根据关键词进行逆推，展开相关联想的词汇。当然，在我们做题的过程中，寻找关键词，注意段落中反复出现的词也同样重要。关键词可能以其本词重复，也可能以近义词，同义词或者代词的形式重复。那么，对文中反复出现的词进行概括总结，提取其上义词，和选项进行同义比对，也可能帮助我们快速选到正确答案。

4、注意段落中的问句。从写作手法上来说，作者在文章中设问都是为了引起读者的关注，如果只问不答，那就是让读者去思考某个问题或现象，这个问题或现象肯定是段落的重点所在，所以这类问句有可能是中心句。如果是自问自答，那目的就是为了让读者对作者要给出的答案给与重视。通常这个答句就是作者在段落中要表达的主要观点，即中心句。还有一种是反问句，更是强烈表达了作者的立场态度，也极有可能是中心句。不但如此，问句的位置可能在段首、段中和段后。段首提出问题后，剩余内容可能是对其回答。段中可能表示转折，而段尾极有可能是引人深思或者为下一段做好铺垫。

5、注意段落间的关系。段落之间并非孤立的，没有任何内在联系和参考价值， 而事实上，段落是可以互推的，如果多关注一下段落间的衔接和联系，借助某些承上启下的句子，可以解决此类题目。如剑桥7中的P23, 段落D的第一句话则是对上一段意思的概括。多个段落构成的SECTION考题。考生需要重点关注每个构成段落的首句，进行整合理解，选取段落大意。在选项的具体选择中，可能and表示段落大意连词会出现在这样多个段落构成的section中。

6、排除法的运用。可以先从最短选项入手，确定其位置。将其选定排除，再来解决其他题目。也可以直接排除细节的干扰项。但是，我们在排除的时候，一定是将自己确定的选项排除，否则可能会成双成对的发生错误。做题顺序的制定也需要引起注意。建议考生以段为单位，先完成别的题目，再来完成此类题目。这样在对于文章了解的基础上，做题的速度和准确率可以大幅提升。

雅思阅读做完了剑4-11怎么办?

因为没有找到错题点!

找错题点就是：首先!把单位最小化，揪出做错题的根源，比如不认识那个词，替换词没看出来，句子穿了个马甲换个句式你就不认识了!或者做题思路不清晰，还是大脑不清晰!脑子进水抄错答案之类之类。

不要小看这一点，当时深有感触的思路如果不付诸于纸笔，几天后就过眼云烟。

所以可以把总结的问题或思路写在题目旁。

比如“这道题是对NOT GIVEN 的判断思路把握不足”，“定位困难，原因是单词不认识”;“太过于相信规律，带only的题目不一定就是错误的，也就是说所有规律都不绝对”;“定位困难，总是机械定位，应该运用题目的有序性进行定位，可以跳跃做题”等等。

第二写下来原因的必须细化，再做个分类笔记神马的。

比如：思路错误20(Q18 Q21 Q33),词汇(Q9)等等。这些总结可以根据自己的做题个性进行分类。

不好的做题习惯就是会导致正确率不高。比如说做选择题时，在选项上画勾，誊答案的时候猴急猴急的就抄错。填图题，还有漏题的。

最后，根据自己的问题，找对策。比如说，做选择题可以直接写出字母。做图表题，可以把题号圈出以避免漏题等等。

总之，对自己的问题细化之后一定要找到解决问题的办法。总之要对自己的问题进行细化。

最好总结的话就写在错题旁边。这样记忆更加深刻。回头看的时候提醒自己曾经犯过错。

搞懂这几点，雅思阅读岂有不破7分之理

对于这个问题我们仅用一个公式便可以解答：Q=1/2 A。同学们都知道Q代表问题，A一定是答案了。对，问题便是答案的一半，有时还不止一半!所以找答案的关键便是找问题，或者说“找答案=找到问题在原文中的语言重现”。

关于语言重现的这个知识点，需要反复向大家强调重现的形式并不仅限于“原型重现”，毕竟同一张雅思卷子面对的是不同水平的考生群体，由此难度是既定的，“原型重现”的难度几乎为零，那么占据比例也相对较低。

从考察点的角度来看，题目的语言重现大多以考察“替换型重现”及“关系型重现”为主。其中“替换型重现”针对阅读目标分在6-6.5的考生，需要考生注意积累相当的考试词汇及替换认知;“关系型重现”则对理解题文内容及文章逻辑有一定要求，阅读目标分在7以上的同学需要更进一步地掌握“替换型重现”及“关系型重现”这两种形式。但是除此之外，考生还需掌握六大题型的特征、做题策略、交叉组合形式。

阅读六大题型分别为：填空，判断，配对(人名，句子，事物)，选择(多选，单选)，段落信息包含，段落小标题。

在此用顺序为主和乱序为主来对六大题型进行分类。

顺序为主的题型：

填空，判断，配对(句子)，段落小标题;

乱序为主的题型：

配对(人名，事物)，段落信息包含。

这样分类的关键是与题型的做题策略挂钩。顺序为主：题目内部答案出现有顺序，考生只要定位出题目的起始点便可以依次找到答案，但不排除有少部分乱序的情况出现。乱序为主则意味着题目内部答案出现常无顺序可言，考生无法自上而下挨个解题，而只能按照段落中答案出现的顺序将对应的题目挑选出来优先解答。

解题过程中，许多同学都反馈一个问题：找不到答案?实际上，不存在找不到答案的题，只有不好找答案的题。

不好找答案的第1个原因：

题目没看明白，也找不到题目在原文中的语言重现;

解决办法：

考生要利用好《雅思真词汇》对常考的考试词汇及替换进行积累应用

第2个原因：

不同类型的题目答案在出现的顺序上有交叉，导致考生不断重复阅读段落，无头绪，来不及。

解决办法：

利用“平行阅读法”做到一遍解题。

何为一遍解题?将阅读及解答过程转变为做减法，每阅读完一个段落，与本段有关的题目都得到了解答，这样不仅避免了考生重复阅读段落，节省了不必要的时间投入，更为重要的是捋清了解题的思路，能够进一步明确顺序类题型的起始点或是乱序类题目的答案范围。

总结起来，要做到雅思阅读突破7分，考试词汇及替换积累是根基，Q=1/2A，读懂题目是关键。拿到篇章迅速查看题型组合，判定题型特征是以顺序或是乱序为主，利用“平型阅读法”带着题目回到段落进行阅读并解答。真正做到“读一段，做完这一段有关的题”，不漏题不蒙题。不仅题目做完了，文章的内容也get到了。

或许这才是解决雅思阅读选择题的方法

选择题这种题的独特的出题形式，决定了其考察点可以是多维度的，那么除了单纯的句子配对，大家还需要在做题和读文章的时候注意以下几个方面：

1. 注意与原文“长得像”的选项。

很多同学在做题的时候，往往因为句子没有理解到位而会选择一个与原文“长得像”的选项，因为觉得这个选项因为有原文的内容，所以觉得有安全感，觉得是找到了组织。殊不知，这个“组织”很有可能是一个假组织。我们先来看看下面这个例子：

【例题】

Children who are bullied

A are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.

B find it more difficult to relate to adults.

C are less likely to be violent in later life.

D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.

【原文】

Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.

【分析】

该段大意：

儿童之间的欺负可以让孩子感觉不开心和压抑，在极端情况下甚至会让儿童自杀，但是幸好很少。被欺负的孩子可能会在作为成人时经历人际交往的困难，与之形成对比的是，持续欺负别人的孩子长大后会变得身体上很暴力，且会犯罪。

定位的时候，当看到pupils就应当想到题干中的“children”，victimized可以跟题干的“who are bullied”对应上，所以此时题干中的信息在原文中找到了对应点，精读本句即可。注意，as这个单词单独出现，后接名词表示“作为”理解，所以“作为成年人”即“长大以后”。

带着我们对原文的理解看选项：

A选项：原文说“thankfully rare”，那么就不可能是普通人的两倍。与原文矛盾。

B选项：这个选项极有干扰性，因为出现了三个与原文一样的单词，但是不要仅仅关注重现的单词，还要看到考官悄然改变的词，选项中出现了relate to sb.这个用法，意思是“与某人打交道”，而原文中说“作为成年人难于形成与别人的人际关系”，并不是选项中“与成年人打交道困难”。该选项所述内容在原文没出现。

C选项：这个选项属于过度推断的选项，会困扰一部分同学。原文只是说了“欺负别人的孩子长大后会暴力”，那么被欺负的孩子因此就变得没有那么暴力吗?原文没有提及。

D选项：正确选项。选项中的relationship即是interpersonal relationships，in later life即是as adults。

【小结】

同学们往往会被原词重现所吸引，而没有注意到没有重现的词，即考官对原文的变动，比如更换介词、添加的新词等。

【练习】

In the first paragraph, the writer makes a point that

A. The director should plan the sound track at an early stage in filming

B. It would be wrong to overlook the contribution of sound to the artistry of films

C. The music industry can have a beneficial influence on sound in film

D. It is important for those working on the sound in a film to have sole responsibility for it

Though we might think of film as an essentially visual experience, we really cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much the responsibility of the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. They include dialogue, synchronous and asynchronous sound effects, and music.

2.谨防过度推断。

在做判断题的时候，很多同学都会依据自己的理解得出一个推断出的结论，这种思路就是过度推断。但是同学们需要注意的是，雅思阅读是evidenced-based test，做题讲求的是证据，不能讲情感(实际上，这也是中英文的区别，中文讲究“情感、直觉”，英文讲究“证据”)

【例题】

The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point about

A recognising talent.

B working as a team.

C having a shared objective.

D being an effective leader.

【原文】

One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasises Ciaidini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’ could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison’ a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionise popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.

【分析】

原文大意：

太阳工作室原本可以有一个“五重唱”的组合，但是最后只有四重唱。原因是太阳工作室的老板想要革新音乐，在现有基础上融合黑人音乐、乡村音乐、布鲁士等等。工作室的四位歌手Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis本能地理解老板的野心，但是Orbison不以为然，所以最后在工作室发表了一张唱片就走了。

题目问的是‘million-dollar quartet’强调了作者什么观点，在原文中我们看到整个段落讲述了这个故事，当同学们读完了原文后，很容易理解为“他们本应是一个很好的团队，但是一个人不合，所以团队最终没有想象的好”，以至于最终答案选择为B。

然而，我们讲过，雅思阅读的选择题的正确选项是“一个萝卜一个坑”，即内容要有具化的表现。选项B中所提到的“working as a team”在原文中并没有提及任何的字眼，哪怕原文有working group, spirit of teamwork这样的字眼也行，但是都没有，属于NOT GIVEN的选项。同学们会选这个选项，完全是自己凭着对语言文字的理解，推理出的一个结论，这就是我所谓的“直觉”，即过度推论。

【注意】

再次强调，选择题的正确答案的单词或者表达在原文中一定要有体现，如同义词替换或者换说法的替换，总之要有体现。例如这道题的正确答案C: having a shared objective，原文中“wanted to …”，“ambition”，“goal”都是objective的替换。再进而去理解含义，发现选项讲的整体意思与原文是接近的，即可认为C选项是答案。

雅思阅读备考=刷题?

如果要问雅思阅读中难度最大的题型是哪种题型，相信99%的烤鸭都会说是选择题。的确，选择题是最考查学生能力的题型，因为考生必须要读懂句子，正确理解识并识别同义替换，才能选出正确的选项。所以，这个题目就成了让无数烤鸭在考场上尽折腰的题目，也是想考阅读8+高分的烤鸭们必须要突破的题目。

如果选择题是这样的:

出题模式一：

句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

题目：下面哪个选项与上句意思一致?

A mostly favour works of art which they know well.

Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

那么应该90%的同学可以做对，正确答案是D。如果做不对的同学，请你踏踏实实去背背YOYO的核心词或是学术核心词汇566吧。

但是，选择题的实际出题模式是这样的：

出题模式二：

这篇文章的标题是：Neuroaesthetics

题目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people

A mostly favour works of art which they know well.

Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

原文出题点：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

出题模式一，其实就是雅思选择题的本质所在。出题模式二是正常的雅思考试的出题模式，配上抽象的主题和很多看似简单又读不懂的无关信息，以此来加大考试的难度，这就是雅思考官出题的套路。出题模式一和二一对比，大家就明白了，其实选择题，真正的难点在于：同学们往往不能准确定位出考官的出题点到底是哪一句子。烤鸭们一般可以大概定位到题目出题“面”--- 段落，但是，却不能准确定位“点”--出题的句子。所以，很多同学常常有需要读一整段或是两个段落来解一个选择题的错觉。

简言之，雅思阅读选择题的解题关键是：一定要能够准确点位出题点!这样，就可以有效排除很多干扰信息了。而在仅有的一个句子中，去读懂，再去识别选项的同义替换，这样选择题的难度就大大减小了。

那么，问题来了?如何锁定出题点呢?如何做到从“面”到“点”的准确定位呢?

定位选择题的出题点，可以根据题目的提问方式，来进行分类，每类题目的出题点和出题规律一般都是比较固定。雅思选择题的提问方式和出题点位置，一般可以分为以下几大类：

出题规律1：实验看结果

1.考查实验相关的题目，一般重点都是考实验的结果，重点直接去文中快速锁定实验的结果，一般表结果的关键词是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....

正常来说：当讲到某个实验的时候，文中的行文顺序：WHY该实验的背景/目的--HOW该实验如何进行--WHAT实验对象在实验做了什么或是如何表现的---Results/Findings。所以，当提到某个实验时，一般会有2-3句来讲实验的why, how和what，结果往往放在最后。解题时，直接快速跳到实验后边去看实验的结果。

如上题所示：题目问Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的实验结果表明....), 文中，段落前几句描述的都是跟实验相关的内容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是结果。考生们在做题前，如果能够非常清晰的了解这个特点的话，就可以高效准确的解题了。

出题规律2：例子看观点

2.题目考查具体例子的，一般都是问例子说明或支持的观点，重点看原文例子的前后句。举例都是为了说明观点的。如果段落开头就是例子的，则需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要观点，观点的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一个观点，然后下段用例子证明。一般例子讲完后，在例子后边会再次总结一下观点。简言之，出现例子的重点看例子前后的句子。

出题规律3：主旨细节要分清

3.如果题目提问中出现段落的，如果是问段落大意，就看段落主题句，快速把握段落主旨。出现段落，但不问主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具体细节，再解题。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 题目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整个段落解题，还要定位到关键词geography 所在的句子，理解后再做题。

篇2：雅思阅读逻辑关系解读

剑雅真题实例解析 ,雅思阅读逻辑关系

在雅思阅读的比较逻辑关系中，比较级是常见的论证方式，但是类比和对比也是英语文章中非常常见的论证手段，一般涉及到单个事物或若干个事物之间的比较，但这两种方法却有着本质上的不同。

类比(compare)强调两个对象的相似点，比如A和B的相同点是什么。而对比(contrast)则强调两个对象的不同点，比如A很高B却很低。

接下来，让我们从剑桥真题中看看，有哪些考点会涉及到类比和对比。

类比连接词

similarly, be similar to, as, like, alike，likewise, corresponding to, equal, identical, same, by the same token, the same is true of , in the same way, resemble，agree，share，harmony，compare to/with …, comparable

例题1 题目 C521 Q1 填空

Some plastics behave in a similar way to __________ in that they melt under heat and can be moulded into new forms.

文章 P2

Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can be reshaped.

翻译 ：

有些塑料是“热塑型”的，这意味着，它们像蜡烛一样，会在加热时会融化，然后就可以重新塑形。

解析：

定位后，利用题中类比词in a similar way to, 可以找到文中对应词like, 也就是统一替换，答案就是candlewax了。

例题2 题目 C442 Q27 填空

However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a __________.

文章 Last Paragraph：

The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data…

翻译 ：

另一方面，考古学家发现的这些物体本身并没有告诉我们什么。 从这个方面说来，考古学家的实践经历跟科学家非常像，他们收集数据，操作实验，制定假说，用假说检验更多的数据。

解析：

审题时重点关注题中类比词compare ... to …，定位后，可以找到文中替换词rather like, 答案即 scientist。

例题3 题目 C10’11 Q11 表格填空

Looks more like a __________ than a well.

文章 ：

It actually resembles a tank (kund means reservoir or pond) rather than a well, but displays the hallmarks of step well architecture, including four sides of steps that decend to the bottom in a stunning geometrical formation.

翻译 ：

它实际上长的像一个水库(kund意味着水库或池塘)而不是一个井，但却展示了梯井结构的特点，包括下降到底部的四个阶梯面，这四面拥有着绝美的几何对称图案。

解析：

审题时关注类比词like，定位后，发现resemble，意思相当于look like, 答案呼之欲出 tank.

.对比连接词

while, however, nevertheless，otherwise，whereas, in contrast, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, conversely, unlike，different, incompatible, conflicting, change, vary, in opposition to, distinguish...from.. ，be distinct from sth…

例题1 题目 C10’23 Q37 判断

The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.

文章 ：

Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialised academic approach devoted to discovering the meaning of art within the cultural context of its time. This is in perfect harmony with the museum’s function.

翻译 ：

因此，主流的批判方法成为艺术史学家的批判方式，这是一种专门的学术方法，致力于发现在当时的文化背景下艺术的意义。这与博物馆的功能达到了完美一致。

解析：

审题时获取考点词conflict，正是对比连接词，定位后发现in harmony with，意思是“与……协调、一致”，所以二者并非矛盾，而是一致的，因此答案选NO。

例题2 题目 C11’32 Q18 判断

Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different species.

文章 ：

The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them all.

翻译 ：

Dingle认为，他定义的价值在于它将注意力集中于在牛羚迁徙现象与蚜虫迁徙现象的共同点上，因而有助于指导研究人员了解进化是如何将它们制造出来的。

解析：

审题关注到判断题对比词aim is to distinguish， 定位后，对应到原文中的focuses attention on，发现类比词share，表示“共享，公用”，与题目的distinguish“区分”意思冲突，所以答案选择FALSE。

一般来说，阅读方面通过句子意思、句子关系、段落意思、段落关系的方法来理解文章的逻辑和要表达的观点非常关键。

关于逻辑关系的利用在剑桥真题实例不胜枚举，雅思阅读当中涉及到的比较级考点的题目还是很多的，建议大家在平时训练的时候，认真分析、总结并利用这些策略。

雅思阅读模拟练习及答案

Rogue theory of smell gets a boost

1. A controversial theory of how we smell, which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics, has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.

2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.

3. That's still some way from proving that the theory, proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin, is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.

4. “This is a big step forward,” says Turin, who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory, “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”

5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules, which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular 'lock and key' process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body's detection systems: it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders, for example, and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.

6. But Turin argued that smell doesn't seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols, which smell like spirits, and thiols, which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly, some molecules can smell different — to animals, if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass).

7. Turin's explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule's shape, but by its vibrations, which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.

8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different: their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin's mechanism, says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team, is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.

9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose,” says Stoneham's colleague, Andrew Horsfield.

10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin's idea, while Turin was himself based at UCL, “I didn't believe it”. But, he adds, “because it was an interesting idea, I thought I should prove it couldn't work. I did some simple calculations, and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly, in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.

11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known, but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.

12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.

13. But Horsfield stresses that that's different from a proof of Turin's idea. “So far things look plausible, but we need proper experimental verification. We're beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”

14. Meanwhile, Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations,” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least, he is putting his money where his nose is.

雅思阅读模拟练习及答案。

From The Economist print edition

How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales

1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.

2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.

3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.

4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.

5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.

6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.

7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.

Questions 1-6

Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.

2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.

3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.

4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.

5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.

6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.

Questions 7-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.

8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.

9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.

10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.

11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.

12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.

Answer keys：

1. 答案：(freshly baked) bread. (第1段第2 行：Shoppers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they intended.)

2. 答案：expensive. (第1段第4 行： Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors.)

3. 答案：impulse buying. (第2段第1 句：At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan- ul- hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon.)

4. 答案：other (tempting) goods/things/products. (第2段第2 句：Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them.)

5. 答案：screen. (第3段第4 行：As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.)

6. 答案：discounts. (第4段第第1句：Mr Usmani’s “swarm- moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts.)

7. 答案：NO. (第4段第3、4 句：The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal- Mart in America an Tesco in Britain are interestd in his workd， and testing will get under way in the spring. 短语 “get under way”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始)

8. 答案：NOT GIVEN. (在文中没有提及该信息)

9. 答案：YES。 (第5段第3 句：The reseachers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they have been downloaded， they followed the crowd.)

10. 答案：NO。 (第5段最后两句：When the songs are not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so. pronounced 的词义是“显著的、明显的”)

11. 答案：YES。 (第6段第1 句：In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies.)

12. 答案：YES。 (最后一段最后一句：Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm. home应该算是everyday life的一部分

篇3：雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧之Headings

雅思阅读14类题型解题技巧--Headings(找小标题)

Headings(找小标题)

1. 题型要求：文章由若干段话组成，要求给每段话找个小标题。

小标题即指该段话的段落大意，中心思想，主旨。本题型不是让你写出每段话的小标题，而是要求从选项列表(list of headings)中选择。

在现在的考试中，选项的数目往往大大多于文章中段落的数目，有很多干扰选项，假如文章有五段话，选项的数目很可能是十个，甚至十二个。

题目形式：通常会在文中一段话上标出小标题，然后要求为余下段落选择小标题。通常是原文的第一段。

在考试中，该题型A类每次必考一组，共5题左右。有时会考两组，共十题左右。G类不是每次必考，考的时候，一般只考一组，共五题左右。

2. 解题步骤

(1) 先将例子所在的选项从选项列表中划去，同时，不读例子所在的段落。

每个选项最多只能用一次，也就是说，两个段落的小标题不可能是一个选项。这是因为不同段落的主旨肯定是不同的，原文将他们分为不同的段落，就是要分别说不同的内容。

有时，这类题目的要求中有这样一句话：You may use any heading more than  once(你可以使用任何小标题超过一次)。这句话纯属误导，也就是说，即使题目的要求中有这句话或类似的话，任何选项也不可能被使用两次以上。

既然每个选项最多只能用一次，所以例子所在的段落已经使用的选项是不会被其它段落使用的，将其划去，以免被其它的段落误选。而且在选其它段落的答案时，可以不看该选项，节省时间。

例子所在的段落已经给出了小标题，所以不必阅读该段落了，以免浪费时间，直接从下一段读起。

(2) 不要先看选项，而要从文章入手，读一段话，做一道题。

如果先看选项，不仅花费的时间很多，而且极易受到干扰选项的误导。所以先不要看选项，而是要先读文章。

读文章的时候，不要一下把文章全读完，而是读一段话，做一道题。假如原文的第一段已作为例子给出，那么，先读第二段，然后到选项列表中找该段话的小标题。然后再读第三段，同样处理，直至完成。这样做，不仅速度快，而且准确率高。

(3)读每段话时，要抓住该段话的主题句和核心词汇。正确答案常常是主题句的改写。

读每段话时，并不是该段落全要仔细阅读。这样，既浪费时间，也不容易抓住重点。应该抓住该段话的的主题句。

先读该段话的第一句，然后，与选项列表中大各选项一一对应，确定正确答案，正确选项一般就该句话的改写。如果答案不能确定，应再读该段话的第二句，然后，与选项列表中的各选项一一对应。如果答案还是不能确定，应再读该段话的最后一句，再与选项列表中大各选项一一对应。如果还是找不到正确答案，则就需要阅读整段话了。

根据统计，段落的主题句在第一句的可能性超过50%，段落的主题句在第二句的可能性超过20%，段落的主题句在最后一句的可能性超过20%。也就是说，按照上述方法做这种题型，读完该段话的第一句，就能在选项列表中找出该段话的Heading,  这种可能性超过50%。整段话都需要阅读的可能性不到10%。

(4) 某段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去。

前面已经讲过，每个选项最多用一次，也就是说，不可能两个段落的小标题是一个选项。所以，一段话的答案确定后，将它的选项从选项列表中划去，以免被误选为其它段落的小标题。而且在选其它段落的答案时，可以不看选项，节省时间。但某段话的答案不太确定，如第三段可能是C，也可能不是C，这时不能将C从选项列表中划去。

NOTICE

(0)举例子的句子不会是主题句

(1)正确答案应是主题句的改写，所以与主题句特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。例：某段(1) 如果答案不确定，先将可能的选项全部选出。

(2) 干扰选项的特点是：段落中未展开说明的细节。

(3) 如果主题句比较复杂(如复合句)，应重点看主句部分。主题句中，常常有如下的句式：Although/While/Despite/Despite  the fact…, …的中文意思是：“虽然…，但是…”。前面是个让步状语从句，后面是主句，要说明的观点在主句中。

(4)  如果主题句中有show和suggest等词，应重点看其后的宾语从句。show和suggest是“表明”、“说明”的意思，其后的宾语从句往往是要说明的观点，是该段的主旨。

(5) 如果主句是not only…but also句型，应重点看but also后面的部分。not only…but  also的意思是“不仅…而且…”，常用来承上启下。not only的后面是“承上”，即上一段主旨，but also  后面的部分是“启下”，即本段的主旨。所以重点看but also后面的部分。

(6) 问句不会是主题句问句通常作为引题，是过度性的句子。

(7) 如果需要阅读整个段落，应重点阅读该段落中的重点词句

A. 反复出现的词

B. 括号里的词

C. 引号里的词

D. 黑体字

E. 斜体字.

雅思阅读机经真题解析--Paul Nash

Paul Nash

APaul Nash, the elder son of William Nash and his first wife, Caroline  Jackson, was born in London on 11th May, 1889. His father was a successful  lawyer who became the Recorder of Abingdon. According to Ronald Blythe: “In 1901  the family returned to its native Buckinghamshire, where the garden of Wood Lane  House at Iver Heath, and the countryside of the Chiltern hills, with its  sculptural beeches and chalky contours, were early influences on the development  of the three children. Their lives were overshadowed by their mother's mental  illness and Nash himself was greatly helped by his nurse who, with some elderly  neighbours, introduced him to the universe of plants.”

BNash was educated at St. Paul's School and the Slade School of Art, where  he met Dora Carrington. Unlike some of his contemporaries at the Slade School,  Nash remained untouched by the two post-impressionist exhibitions organized by  Roger Fry in 1910 and 1912. Instead, he was influenced by the work of William  Blake. He also became a close friend of Gordon Bottomley, who took a keen  interest in his career.

CNash had his first one-man show, of ink and wash drawings, at the Carfax  Gallery in 1912. The following year he shared an exhibition at the Dorien Leigh  Gallery with his brother, John Nash. Myfanwy Piper, has added: “Nash had a  noteworthy sense of order and of the niceties of presentation; his pictures were  beautifully framed, drawings mounted, his studio precisely and decoratively  tidy, and oddments which he collected were worked up into compositions.”

DPaul Nash was strongly attracted to Dora Carrington: He later recalled  “Carrington was the dominating personality, I got an introduction to her and  eventually won her regard by lending her my braces for a fancy-dress party. We  were on the top of a bus and she wanted them then and there.”

EOn the outbreak Nash considered the possibility of joining the British  Army. He told a friend: “I am not keen to rush off and be a soldier. The whole  damnable war is too horrible of course and I am all against killing anybody,  speaking off hand, but beside all that I believe both Jack and I might be more  useful as ambulance and red cross men and to that end we are training. Nash  enlisted in the Artists' Rifles. He told Gordon Bottomley: “I have joined the  Artists' London Regiment of Territorials the old Corps which started with  Rossetti, Leighton and Millais as members in 1860. Every man must do his bit in  this horrible business so I have given up painting. There are many nice  creatures in my company and I enjoy the burst of exercise - marching, drilling  all day in the open air about the pleasant parts of Regents Park and Hampstead  Heath.”

FIn March 1917 he was sent to the Western Front. Nash, who took part in the  offensive at Ypres, had reached the rank of lieutenant in the Hampshire Regiment  by 1916. Whenever possible, Nash made sketches of life in the trenches. In May,  1917 he was invalided home after a non-military accident. While recuperating in  London, Nash worked from his sketches to produce a series of war paintings. This  work was well-received when exhibited later that year. As a result of this  exhibition, Charles Masterman, head of the government's War Propaganda Bureau  (WPB), and the advice of Edward Marsh and William Rothenstein, it was decided to  recruit Nash as a war artist. In November 1917 in the immediate aftermath of the  battle of Passchendaele Nash returned to France.

GNash was unhappy with his work as a member of War Propaganda Bureau. He  wrote at the time: “I am no longer an artist. I am a messenger who will bring  back word from the men who are fighting to those who want the war to go on  forever. Feeble, inarticulate will be my message, but it will have a bitter  truth and may it burn their lousy souls.” However, as Myfanwy Piper has pointed  out: “The drawings he made then, of shorn trees in ruined and flooded  landscapes, were the works that made Nash's reputation. They were shown at the  Leicester Galleries in 1918 together with his first efforts at oil painting, in  which he was self-taught and quickly successful, though his drawings made in the  field had more immediate public impact.

HIn 1919 Nash moved to Dymchurch in Kent, beginning his well-known series  of pictures of the sea, the breakwaters, and the long wall that prevents the sea  from flooding Romney Marsh. This included Winter Sea and Dymchurch Steps. Nash  also painted the landscapes of the Chiltern Hills. In 1924 and 1928 he had  successful exhibitions at the Leicester Galleries. Despite this popular acclaim  in 1929 his work became more abstract. In 1933 Nash founded Unit One, the group  of experimental painters, sculptors, and architects.

IDuring the Second World War Nash was employed by the Ministry of  information and the Air Ministry and paintings produced by him during this  period include the Battle of Britain and Totes Meer. His biographer, Myfanwy  Piper, has argued: ”This war disturbed Nash but did not change his art as the  last one had. His style and his habits were formed, and in the new war he  treated his new subjects as he had treated those he had been thinking about for  so long. His late paintings, both oils and watercolours, are alternately  brilliant and sombre in colour with the light of setting suns and rising moons  spreading over wooded and hilly landscapes. 'Paul Nash died at 35 Boscombe Spa  Road, Bournemouth, on 11th July 1946.

Questions 11-13

Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each  answer.

11 Because of a popular display of Nash's works created in the army, what  did his

leader designate him as?

12 How did Nash learn oil painting?

13 What a change took place for Nash's painting style in the late second  decade of

the twentieth century?

Questions 14-17

Choose the correct letter, A-G?

Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

What four statements are correct concerning Nash's story?

A He did not make an effort after becoming a high ranking official in the  army.

B He had a dream since his childhood.

C He once temporarily ceased his painting career for some reason.

D He was not affected by certain shows attractive to his other peers.

E He had cooperation in art with his relative.

F Some of his paintings were presented in a chaotic way.

G His achievement after being enlisted in the army did not as much  attention as his previous works.

Questions 18-23

The reading Passage has eleven paragraphs A-I.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A-I, in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

18 a charming lady in Nash's eyes

19 Nash's passion on following particularly appreciated artists

20 Nash's works with contrast elements

21 the true cause for Nash to join the military service

22 the noticeable impact on Nash's growth exerted from the rearing  environment

23 high praise for Nash's unique taste of presenting his works

文章题目：画家 保罗﹒纳什

篇章结构

体裁

人物传记

题目

画家 保罗﹒纳什

结构

（一句话概括每段大意）

A：保罗的出身介绍

B：保罗在求学期间的兴趣形成。

C：保罗举办个人画展及作者对于其画风的简评。

D：保罗的爱情故事。

E：参军使保罗暂时放弃绘画。

F：保罗因其战争画作初获认可，进而被招募为战争画家。

G：作为战争画家期间的作品使得保罗开始成名。

H：保罗开始创作山，水画作且风格变得抽象。

I：本文作者对于保罗画作的评论。

试题分析

Question 11-16

题目类型：客观事实题和判断对错题。

题号

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

11

Display  of Nash’s works, army, designate

F段，倒数第二句和第三句话。

此题类似于托福中的细节题，所以对应题目中的定位关键词即可找出正确答案。文中倒数第二句和第三句话直接解释了保罗为什么被招募为战争艺术家。

12

Oiling  painting

G段倒数第一句话。

此题仍旧是客观性质的，文中直接描述了保罗是self-taught。

13

Painting  style, the late second decade of the twentieth century

H段倒数第二句话。

此题与上述两题性质一样，文中直接给出了答案“his  work became abstract”。

14

High  ranking official, did not make an effort

F段第二句和第四句话。

第二句介绍了保罗在军队中的级别，第四句说“he  was invalided home after a non-military accident”，据此所以选择A。

15

Ceased  his painting career

E段倒数第二句话。

“every  man must do his bit in this horrible business so I have given up  painting”,据此所以选择C.

16

Not  affected, certain show, other peeps

B段第二句话.

”unlike  some of his contemporaries at…Nash remained untouched by the two  post-impressions...”，据此所以选择D。

参考答案：

Version   17402 主题 山水画作家

14

A

15

C

16

D

17

E

18

D

19

B

20

I

21

E

22

A

23

C

24

A War Artist

25

Self-taught

26

More abstract

篇4：雅思阅读精读别样解读

雅思阅读精读别样解读 多精才算精?

雅思考试任一科目拿高分都绝非易事，靠的不只是答题技巧，更需要有扎实的基础。对于雅思阅读来说，剑4-12刷2篇也不能保证你拿高分，但是如果在刷题之外，再认认真真精读10-20篇阅读文章则高分则十拿九稳。

首先怎么界定你的阅读是否够“精“呢?一个简单的衡量标准就是，你学得越累，学习的效果就越好。很扎心吧，但是这个衡量方式很有道理。你学得累，证明你调动的认知资源更多，花费的精力更多，专注度更高，因此学习效果自然更好。比如一篇文章，浮光掠影的大致泛读与逐句翻译相比，当然是翻译在时间精力上的花费更大。

泛读的时候很多宝宝感觉已经读懂了文章大致，但是在逐句分析、精读、甚至背诵的时候，你就会发现词汇的用法，句子成分的分析，甚至是上下文背景的交代等细节，你还存在大量无法全面理解的知识点。这也体现出了精读的重要性。

精读的方向主要有两个，第一个是reading for learning，也就是说通过精读而让你的英语变得更好，这也是大多数宝宝在学英语中经历的环节。第二个方向是learning for reading, 也就是学习如何进行阅读，更多的是学习一些阅读方式以及技巧。这两种最常见的阅读方向分别如何进行精读呢?

雅思阅读精读方法之reading for learning

先说大家最熟悉的环节。雅思阅读的精读步骤是什么?首先，严格按照考试要求和时间把题目做完。也就是说，你可以20分钟做完一篇文章的题目，也可以用1小时把三篇题目一气呵成。做完之后当然要对一对答案，把错误标注出来。

第二步，开始对文本进行研读。研读过程中完成两件事：第一，整理文章出现的核心词汇与话题词汇(尤其是你经常见到但是还不认识的);第二，对照中文翻译文本进行逐句研读。方法是：先看一遍英文，脑子里过一下这句英文该怎么翻译;然后去看正确的中文翻译，检视一下你的翻译与正确翻译有多大出处;最后再看一遍英文原句，理顺一下句子成分。当你完成整篇文章的逐句研读后，你对文章的细节理解应该已经非常透彻了。当然如果你还有余力，你可以分析一下句间关系和段间关系，句子之间与段落之间的衔接方法。

第三步，分析题目。当你完整把握了全文细节以及结构之后，在仔细研究每道题的出处考点以及设问方式。当然你也可以借助很多雅思参考书中的提干解析。

第四步，也是最重要的一个步骤，英译汉逐句翻译。在文章中挑选3-5段你认为理解困难度最高的段落进行“落笔逐句翻译”。不管你是写在纸上还是打在word里，这个环节都一定不能省略。你会发现，即使你已经对着翻译文本逐句进行精读了，你在逐词落笔翻译中依然会对这句话的用词、句式、成分以及整个段落构成有新的认识。

第五步，不是必须要求，但是却能够快速拔升你的阅读乃至整个英语能力：背诵段落。选取你落笔翻译过的难段进行背诵，注意背诵的目的不是为了把他们用在写作或者口语考试里，否则难度太大，也会显得很突兀。背诵过程最重要培养的是你的英语思维能力。

以上就是reading for learning精读方式的5大步骤，总结起来就是做题目对答案——对照译文逐句精读——分析题目与答案——选段落笔翻译——选段背诵。

雅思阅读精读方法之learning for reading

learning for reading方向的精读方法，更加针对于阅读能力的集中提升，而非整个的语言能力。方法很简单。首先拿到一篇文章，先看它的题目，然后来个prediction，自己分析行文中可能会包括哪些内容。

举个栗子，一篇名为Jonsson’s dictionary 的文章，你尽量全面的猜测文章中会涉及到哪些内容。比如对Jonsson这个人的介绍，背景、学历、身份等，对dictionary的介绍，比如什么时候出版的，有什么特点，作者是谁，等等。

罗列出你的预测内容点之后再阅读文章，同时判断你的预测哪些在文中提到了，哪些是not given。所有你预测成功的内容，试着做一下段落matching，也就是说这些预测内容分别出现在文中的哪几段。最后有余力的宝宝们可以试试自己做一个summary，进行一下句子的改写。怎么改写?直接看学姐发给大家的雅思同义替换词学学套路。

大家发现了吗，这一系列的流程结束后，雅思阅读中的高频题型能力你都得到了提升。这也就是所谓的learning for reading。

精读也许很耗时，但是效果却很显著。学姐强烈建议备考的宝宝用心试一个月，你会看到很明显的阅读能力的提升。还等什么，动起来!

家带来的《雅思阅读精读别样解读 多精才算精?》的全部内容。想让自己的复习过程高效科学，让自己的考试从容优雅，答题速度快成闪电，正确率高过喜马拉雅，请持续关注小站雅思频道。祝与雅思一战即分道扬镳。

雅思阅读素材积累：Game lessons

It sounds like a cop-out, but the future of schooling may lie with video games

SINCE the beginning of mass education, schools have relied on what is known in educational circles as “chalk and talk”. Chalk and blackboard may sometimes be replaced by felt-tip pens and a whiteboard, and electronics in the form of computers may sometimes be bolted on, but the idea of a pedagogue leading his pupils more or less willingly through a day based on periods of study of recognisable academic disciplines, such as mathematics, physics, history, geography and whatever the local language happens to be, has rarely been abandoned.

Abandoning it, though, is what Katie Salen hopes to do. Ms Salen is a games designer and a professor of design and technology at Parsons The New School for Design, in New York. She is also the moving spirit behind Quest to Learn, a new, taxpayer-funded school in that city which is about to open its doors to pupils who will never suffer the indignity of snoring through double French but will, rather, spend their entire days playing games.

Quest to Learn draws on many roots. One is the research of James Gee of the University of Wisconsin. In Dr Gee published a book called “What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy”, in which he argued that playing such games helps people develop a sense of identity, grasp meaning, learn to follow commands and even pick role models. Another is the MacArthur Foundation's digital media and learning initiative, which began in and which has acted as a test-bed for some of Ms Salen's ideas about educational-games design. A third is the success of the Bank Street School for Children, an independent primary school in New York that practises what its parent, the nearby Bank Street College of Education, preaches in the way of interdisciplinary teaching methods and the encouragement of pupil collaboration.

Ms Salen is, in effect, seeking to mechanise Bank Street's methods by transferring much of the pedagogic effort from the teachers themselves (who will now act in an advisory role) to a set of video games that she and her colleagues have devised. Instead of chalk and talk, children learn by doing—and do so in a way that tears up the usual subject-based curriculum altogether.

Periods of maths, science, history and so on are no more. Quest to Learn's school day will, rather, be divided into four 90-minute blocks devoted to the study of “domains”. Such domains include Codeworlds (a combination of mathematics and English), Being, Space and Place (English and social studies), The Way Things Work (maths and science) and Sports for the Mind (game design and digital literacy). Each domain concludes with a two-week examination called a “Boss Level”—a common phrase in video-game parlance.

Freeing the helots

In one of the units of Being, Space and Place, for example, pupils take on the role of an ancient Spartan who has to assess Athenian strengths and recommend a course of action. In doing so, they learn bits of history, geography and public policy. In a unit of The Way Things Work, they try to inhabit the minds of scientists devising a pathway for a beam of light to reach a target. This lesson touches on maths, optics—and, the organisers hope, creative thinking and teamwork. Another Way-Things-Work unit asks pupils to imagine they are pyramid-builders in ancient Egypt. This means learning about maths and engineering, and something about the country's religion and geography.

Whether things will work the way Ms Salen hopes will, itself, take a few years to find out. The school plans to admit pupils at the age of 12 and keep them until they are 18, so the first batch will not leave until . If it fails, traditionalists will no doubt scoff at the idea that teaching through playing games was ever seriously entertained. If it succeeds, though, it will provide a model that could make chalk and talk redundant. And it will have shown that in education, as in other fields of activity, it is not enough just to apply new technologies to existing processes—for maximum effect you have to apply them in new and imaginative ways.

雅思阅读素材积累：The screw tightens

ONE can almost hear the gates clanging: one after the other the sources of funding for Europe's banks are being shut. It is a result of the highly visible run on Europe's government bond markets, which today reached the heart of the euro zone: an auction of new German bonds failed to generate enough demand for the full amount, causing a drop in bond prices (and prompting the Bundesbank to buy 39% of the bonds offered, according to Reuters).

Now another run—more hidden, but potentially more dangerous—is taking place: on the continents' banks. People are not yet queuing up in front of bank branches (except in Latvia's capital Riga where savers today were trying to withdraw money from Krajbanka, a mid-sized bank, pictured). But billions of euros are flooding out of Europe's banking system through bond and money markets.

At best, the result may be a credit crunch that leaves businesses unable to get loans and invest. At worst, some banks may fail—and trigger real bank runs in countries whose shaky public finances have left them ill equipped to prop up their financial institutions.

To make loans, banks need funding. For this, they mainly tap into three sources: long-term bonds, deposits from consumers, and short-term loans from money markets as well as other banks. Bond issues and short-term funding have been seizing up as the panic over government bonds has spread to banks (which themselves are large holders of government bonds). This blockage has been made worse by tighter capital regulations that are encouraging banks to cut lending (instead of raising capital).

Markets for bank bonds were the first to freeze. In the third quarter bonds issues by European banks only reached 15% of the amount they raised over the same period in the past two years, reckon analysts at Citi Group. It is unlikely that European banks have sold many more bonds since.

Short-term funding markets were next to dry up. Hardest hit were European banks that need dollars to finance world trade (more than one third of which is funded by European banks, according to Barclays). American money market funds, in particular, have pulled back from Europe. Loans to French banks have plunged 69% since the end of May and nearly 20% over the past month alone, according to Fitch, a ratings agency. Over the past six months, it reckons, American money market funds have pulled 42% of their money out of European banks. European money market funds, too, continue to reduce their exposure to France, Italy and Spain, according to the latest numbers from Fitch.

Interbank markets, in which banks lend to one another, are now also showing signs of severe strain. Banks based in London are paying the highest rate on three month loans since (compared with a risk-free rate). Banks are also depositing cash with the ECB for a paltry, but risk-free rate instead of making loans.

That leaves retail and commercial deposits, and even these may have begun to slip away. “We are starting to witness signs that corporates are withdrawing deposits from banks in Spain, Italy, France and Belgium,” an anlayst at Citi Group wrote in a recent report. “This is a worrying development.”

With funding ever harder to come by, banks are resorting to the financial industry's equivalent of a pawn broker: parking assets on repo markets or at the central bank to get cash. “We have no alternative to deposits and the ECB,” says a senior executive at one European bank.

So far the liquidity of the European Central Bank (ECB) has kept the system alive. Only one large European bank, Dexia, has collapsed because of a funding shortage. Yet what happens if banks run out of collateral to borrow against? Some already seem to scrape the barrel. The boss of UniCredit, an Italian bank, has reportedly asked the ECB to accept a broader range of collateral. And an increasing number of banks are said to conduct what is known as “liquidity swaps”: banks borrow an asset that the ECB accepts as collateral from an insurer or a hedge fund in return for an ineligible asset—plus, of course, a hefty fee.

The risk of all this is two-fold. For one, banks could stop supplying credit. To some extent, this is already happening. Earlier this week Austria's central bank instructed the country's banks to limit cross-border lending. And some European banks are not just selling foreign assets to meet capital requirements, but have withdrawn entirely from some markets, such as trade finance and aircraft leasing.

Secondly and more dangerously, as banks are pushed ever closer to their funding limits, one or more may fail—sparking a wider panic. Most bankers think that the ECB would not allow a large bank to fail. But the collapse of Dexia in October after it ran out of cash suggests that the ECB may not provide unlimited liquidity. The falling domino could also be a “shadow” bank that cannot borrow from the ECB.

Europe's leaders are certainly aware of the dangers—and are working on solutions. But it would not be the first time that their efforts are overtaken by events.

篇5：雅思阅读考试三大难题如何解决

雅思阅读考试三大难题如何解决

1、“全文尽带生僻词”

笔者发现,很多上雅思阅读课的学生经常忽视词汇量的积累,另外有一部分学生在词汇上下了一定的功夫,但是碰到的问题是,一旦所学的一个特定的词放到一个特定的语言环境、词组里去的时候,学生往往会觉得自己所记的中文意思放到句子里却理解不通,因此,在定位到答案所在文章段落某一句的时候,还是不能解答题目,这个是相当可惜的.笔者认为,总结雅思阅读里出现的词汇,词组,以及每天花一定时间记忆雅思阅读高频词汇是相当重要的,但是,这个过程要注意方法：记忆词汇最好结合一定的语言环境去记,通过一定的语言环境,去理解单词的内涵,甚至是其表达方式的文化背景.

在这里,笔者先举个简单的例子,大家都知道work是工作,劳动的意思,而在“The new method worked”这个句子里,work的意思却是奏效的意思.太简单了?那好,我们再来看个例子,deny这个词,很多人都知道是否认,拒绝的意思,大家甚至于列出一大堆同义词来,比如,refuse, decline, reject 等, 这是个好现象,但是很多学生当碰到 “In the old times, a lot of girls were denied the right of education.”这样的句子的时候就开始犯难了.否认,拒绝套进去似乎都解释不通.其实,这个句子里的deny没像大家想象的那么神秘,各位可以用be deprived of 这个词组来理解它.

在拿到一个单词的时候,在了解了其中文意思,参照了例句之后,大家不妨想一下,如果是我来用这个词造个句子,我会怎么用它.用了主动语态之后,我该怎么把这个词放到被动语态中去,加上时间状语、地点状语、条件状语等等之后又是怎么样的,如果我是外国人,我会怎么运用它.每个人遣词造句的思路其实是大同小异的(当然也不乏思维特异的人,不过雅思考试毕竟针对的是广大的人民群众,而不是针对爱因斯坦这样级别的学生的),因此雅思阅读文章的作者也是如此,如果,你在记忆雅思词汇的时候,能够灵活运用,注意词汇的外延,那势必会对你理解不同的句型,文章带来好处.

2、紧张、恐惧.

水有源,树有根,任何面对雅思阅读的紧张、恐惧心理也是有原因的.笔者认为考生的这种紧张、恐惧心理最主要有以下几点：(1)、平日做逍遥游,不把时间精力放在备考上,因此在上考场的时候,心情无比紧张,拿到“阅读天书”后,不知如何是好,接着从无比紧张,恐惧发展到“全身心放松”,俗称---放弃;(2)平日还算用功,但是由于时间紧促,备考内容有限,因此学生在上考场的时候,心里惦记着平时是不是什么地方没下好工夫,很多东西貌似都看到过,但是没把握,因而紧张;(3)平日相当用功,这类考生紧张主要属于“这一天终于到了,我一定要考出好成绩,不过,万一,那我的努力岂不白费”型.

当然,在这三类中笔者都不排除应试的本能紧张.那么如何克服这种紧张、恐惧的心理呢?首先,一定时间的备考是必须的,而有规律的科学的备考计划是克服紧张心理的重中之重,因为有规律而且科学的备考将给应考带来相当大的自信------“我的努力必将带来成果”,心存这份信念,才能在考试中发挥出你的水平!而面对考试的本能紧张,学生则可以按照考试前深呼吸,适当地释压,放松心态,记住你是适当地释压,因为一定地压力会让你面对考试不那么随便,这是项任务,是个考试,不是你新生活的开始,而是你努力到最后那个还未放上的句号.

雅思阅读考试常见话题：地理类话题

就像雅思口语话题一样，雅思阅读考试也同样有很多经常出现的话题，只要对其分类总结，然后根据这些常见的文章类型着重了解雅思阅读中的这些题材，便能达到事半功倍的效果。

雅思文章的出处有很多，其中最实用的、便于积累背景知识的雅思文章来源是new scientist网站, 这个网站是雅思出题方公布的出题来源，包括了太空领域、环境、生物地理物理等科学以及社会科学与人类健康等各方面的科学知识，而以下提到的雅思文章的三大类都可以在这里找到相关的文章。

地理类话题是阅读文章中常常摘选的内容，不过相比于上面的生物类，地理类的文章难度较高，因为地理现象涉及的专业名称更多、地名和各种地质现象也更加复杂，在积累地理类知识时，工作量是比较大的。

地理类知识范围很广，常见的有厄尔尼诺现象、气象观测、沙漠化、欧洲冰川等。我们可以在以上提到的那个网站中查到这些内容，当然，也不要拘泥于一个雅思文章的来源，可以多参阅一些与科学相关的英文报纸、杂志和网站。

篇6：解读雅思阅读句子填空题技巧

解读雅思阅读句子填空题技巧

雅思阅读中，句子填空的题目多是长的陈述句，然后根据文章的内容来填入一或二和空的答案。作为常见题型，A类考试平均每一次会出现一组，一组大约三到五个左右;G类平均每两次出现一组，也是大约三个左右。以下即从句子填空的特点，解题技巧以及注意事项三方面来对此题型做一个分析。

(一)特点——summary与short questions 的结合体

从形式上来看，sentence completion其实就是“迷你”的summary。二者都属信息补充型(information gap)题目。Summary 是摘要出一个相对内容上完整的信息段落，简述凝练。题目是完整的一段陈述，没有割裂感。因此在题号上也有一定的顺序性，题目基本与文章保持平行一致。Sentence completion 则可以看成是分解断裂开的summary，即每一个sentence就是summary中的一个题号。即使sentence completion前后两题内容上是独立的，但也多是顺序性的。因两者同需考察信息检索填补information gap的能力，所以基本上答案也多是原文原词或时态和形式上的变形。

从内容上来看，sentence completion常是给出一个空(也有两到三个，但也多是相并列的成份)来让考生填补相对重要的信息问题。转化一下就可以看成是对那一个填空项的提问，且目的性很强。再者，两者通常是要用非常少的词来作为答案，而且定位了答案后，还要再思考如何凝练成题目所要求的字数限制。

因此，sentence completion可以看成是summary 和 short questions 两者的结合，在解题思路和技巧上都可以相借鉴

(二)解题

1. 推测答案性质

在审题的过程中，就可以根据题目句子语法来先大致判定空所要填词的词性，数。对所要填的答案性质有个初步的了解。

2.划出题目中的关键词，迅速定位题目所对应的文章段落。

按着找关键词的步骤——先看明显标志(时间，地点，大小写，人名，转有名词等);再看句子中是否存在逻辑关系词(因果，条件，转折，递进，对比等)，有助于跟进一步判断答案性质;如果以上两点都不明显或无作用，那就重点看此句子题目的主语和宾语，因为主语和宾语是最能表现句子的限定性的，而且多是名词或名词性短语，最具有稳定性。以上本着reading for gist，记忆住划出的题目中的关键词，然后去判断题目对应内容所应出现的段落。例如，在剑4，第四套第一篇文章question7

According to Professor Yessis，American runners are relying for their current on --------.

其中，American作为明显标志的关键词，即可被带进文章去查找具体出现在文章的那个部分。回原文reading for gist 的过程中(skimming)会发现，提起American runners 主要是在第三段，那么就迅速判断大致答案出现的位置。而在题目中，“rely on”又是明显能透露出一个因果缘由的逻辑关系，所以在再次进一步缩小范围时会有很大帮助。最后根据“running on their genetics“ 判定，答案是genetics.

同样question9中，

Yessis links an inadequate diet to -------.

虽无上题中的明显标志，但看宾语的部分 inadequate diet 则知它应是与进食营养的方面有关系。而文中第四段就是主要讲nutrition 运动营养方面的问题，那么就能判定此处必有答案。

在Skimming for gist的时候，要留意第一句，第二句和最后一句。因为往往能表现一段主要在讲什么内容的topic sentence大多出现在这几句上。所以要多留心，好帮忙快速定位。

3. 深记“同义转换”概念

由于雅思阅读考试的目的就是检测考生是否有信息检索和同义转换的能力(paraphrase)，所以在句子题目中的关键词也多是同义词近义词的替换。例如上题中(question9)inadequate diet在文中相对的就是deficiency in minerals。文章中lead to injuries. 因此答案为injuries. 所以在平时的学习和复习中就要多多积累同义近义词，不同说法的表达方式，加强词汇能力。这样在scanning过程中，才可以看准考察信息点，而不会因为英语基础的关系而漏掉或找不到答案的出处。

4.语法推敲

在定位好答案(locating)后，一定要注意是否符合句子题目的文法规则，避免即使找到了答案，但因为词的变形或时态的小问题而没有拿分(scoring)

(三)注意事项

1. 字数要求

2. Sentence completion 的答案字数都不会很长。审题时，务必看清题目要求填one word，还是no more than two /three/four words。然后根据题目要求去自己精炼答案。

3. 原文原词

由于是考察文章信息检索和填补information gap的能力，基本上答案都是原文原词。若是动词，形容词副词则要留意是否依据题目语法需变形和时态。大部分多是名词和名词性的短语。

4. 顺序性

基本与文章平行顺序。答案多是考察细节，但也不乏考察大体上的文章内容。这需要reading for gist和specific info.两者都要兼具。尤其在细节题上，了解sentence completion具有一定顺序性特点，可以辅助答案在文章locating，对解题有所帮助。

剖析sentence completion，这种题型实质看成是summary和short question的结合变形。长度比summary短，答案要比short questions要求更精准，但其在难度在于题目中的关键词与文章中原词的同义转换。因此在解这类题中，可借鉴summary和short questions的解题方法，并且还要留心sentence completion自身的注意事项。

雅思阅读材料大集合：北京推出雾霾险可以放心出游

Travellers to China worried that their view of the Great Wall will be obscured by Beijing’s pollution can rest easy with a “smog insurance” product being introduced this week.

前往中国的游客如果担心长城风景可能受到北京污染的影响，那么本周推出的“雾霾险”产品有望让他们安心。

“Smog insurance” is the latest response to choking air pollution in China and follows efforts that include closing industrial plants and do-it-yourself air filter specialists dispensing advice online.

“雾霾险”是对中国令人不敢呼吸的空气污染的最新回应，之前的努力包括政府勒令工厂停产，以及DIY空气过滤器专家在网上提供咨询。

Panasonic, the Japanese electronics group, said last week it would offer a pollution bonus to expatriate employees working in China.

日本电子集团松下(Panasonic)上周表示，将向外派至中国工作的非中国籍员工提供污染奖金。

Li Keqiang, Chinese premier, declared a “war on pollution” in his annual speech to the legislature in March. Only three Chinese cities meet national air quality standards, two of which are on islands.

中国总理李克强3月在全国人大年会上发表讲话时，宣布“向污染宣战”。中国只有三个城市达到国家空气质量标准，其中两个位于岛上。

CTrip, an online travel agent, and Ping An, the state-owned insurance company, have teamed up to offer “smog insurance” to travellers and residents in seven cities plagued by smog. The scheme pays out when the air quality index, or AQI, exceeds set levels for two days in a row.

在线旅游代理携程(CTrip)和国有保险公司平安(Ping An)联手推出“雾霾险”，面向受到雾霾困扰的7个城市的游客和市民。该产品将在空气质量指数(AQI)连续两天超过设定水平时作出赔付。

A week of the index being over 300, a level deemed hazardous at prolonged exposure, yields the policy holder a free lung check while those who need hospitalisation because of it would receive Rmb1,500 ($240).

如果空气质量指数持续一周高于300(被视为长时间接触有危险的水平)，保单持有人将得到一次免费的肺部检查，而污染导致需要住院接受治疗的保单持有人将得到1500元人民币(合240美元)。

If pollution exceeds the charts, as happened this winter in the northern city of Shijiazhuang for several days, policy holders can compete for a free trip to the subtropical island of Hainan to “clear their lungs”.

如果污染达到“爆表”水平(北方城市石家庄在这个冬天有好几天出现这样的情况)，保单持有人有机会获取海南“洗肺”旅游。

It is not unknown for cities in northern China to see pollution in hazardous levels for a week at a time, particularly in the winter. But Ping An is on safer ground in the springtime, when breezes and bright skies tend to keep the AQI within more comfortable limits.

在冬季的华北城市，危险级别的污染持续一周的情况并非罕见。但春天意味着平安保险较有把握：微风和明媚的天空往往使空气质量指数保持在比较舒适的范围内。

Haikou, the capital of subtropical Hainan Island, Zhoushan, on an archipelago south of Shanghai that consists of 1,390 islands and 1.1m inhabitants, and Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, were the only three to meet national standards in a survey of 74 of the largest cities, the vice minister for the environment said this month.

中国环保部副部长本月表示，全国74个城市的全年监测结果显示，仅3个城市达到空气质量二级标准。这3个城市是：海口(地处亚热带的海南岛的首府)、舟山(上海以南的一个群岛，共有1390个岛屿和110万居民)，以及西藏首府拉萨。

The air quality index assesses the level of air pollution with a grading system from 0 to 500. The higher the value, the more polluted the air and the greater the health concern: 50 represents good air quality with little potential to affect public health and over 300 is well within the hazardous range.

空气质量指数采用从0到500的数值来评估空气污染水平。该值越高，空气污染就越严重，健康担忧就更大： 50代表空气质量状况属于优，不致影响公众健康，而超过300就进入危险范围了。

The air in Beijing on Thursday was rated “good” by the US embassy and “excellent” on the Chinese index.

周四，北京的空气被美国大使馆评为“良好”，被中国的指数评为“优”。

雅思阅读材料大集合：八个方法支撑你度过困难时期

No matter what problem you're facing, tough times happen to the best of us. Whether it's financial trouble or just an overall bad day, finding positivity in a daunting situation is the key to overcoming it. It may be hard to look on the bright side, especially when things aren't going as expected, but everything passes in time. If you need a boost of happiness to help you through the day, be sure to remember these things:

不管你正在面临什么问题，即使是最幸运的人也会遇到困难时期。不管是经济问题或者只是倒霉的一天，关键在于我们要在不顺的环境里找到正能量!有时候，我们很难凡事都往好处想，特别是在事情进展不顺的时候，但是一切都会过去的。如果你需要一点幸福感来支撑你度过今天，记住以下这些事情：

1. Accept it.

接受现实。

Although it may seem challenging to accept a negative situation, it's your best bet in moving toward a resolution. You can't change what already happened; you can only focus on how to improve the circumstances now.

虽然让你接受一个消极的境遇很有挑战性，但这是让你找到解决方案的最好的措施了。你不能改变已经发生的事情，你只能集中精力寻找改善情况的方法。

2. Don't waste time dwelling on it.

不要浪费时间老是想着问题。

Dwelling on a problem can only make it bigger than it already is. Not only will you feel worse in the long run, but also, you'll lose valuable time when you could be working toward a solution. Don't let a bad situation get the best of you — take steps to let it go.

老想着一个问题只会让问题变得比实际更严重。你不仅会觉得越来越糟糕，而且你浪费了本可以用来想出解决方案的宝贵时间。不要让坏情况阻碍你，随它去吧。

3. Don't compare yourself to others.

不要拿自己和别人比。

According to a quote from Steven Furtick, ”The reason why we struggle with insecurity is because we compare our behind the scenes with everyone's highlight reel.“ When you're struggling through a tough situation, comparing yourself is the last thing you should be doing. You have no idea what struggles another person could be going through, so instead of comparing, you should look at the happiness within yourself.

作家史蒂文·富蒂克说过：“我们缺乏安全感，是因为我们总是拿自己不好的地方与别人的长处对比。” 当你在艰难的环境里挣扎的时候，你最不该做的事儿就是和别人比较。你根本不知道其他人正在经历什么样的挣扎，所以与其比较，不如多关注一下自己的快乐。

4. Make a plan of action.

制定一个行动计划。

The best way to overcome a negative time is to be determined to find a way out of it. If you don't like the way something is, do what you can in your power to change it. In financial situations, you can work on a budget and prioritize your costs. In a fight with a loved one, you can take some time to cool down and amend things by talking it out.

度过困难时期的最佳方法就是下定决心战胜它。如果你不喜欢某件事，发挥你的力量来改变它吧。对于经济问题，你可以做一个预算并安排一下各项开销的顺序。如果是跟爱人吵架了，你要花点时间来冷静一下，然后把问题说出来才能解决它。

5. Recognize positive things in your life.

发现你生活中积极的事物。

While it may feel like your world is crashing around you, this rough time does not, ultimately, define your life. From family to being healthy, it's best to recognize the positive things in your life. It definitely helps ease the pain of a negative situation.

你可能觉得自己的世界都要崩塌了，但是一次这样的艰难时刻并不会定义你的人生。不管是一个美满的家庭或是自己的健康，最好要发现你生活中这些积极的事物，这绝对可以帮助你减轻在困难环境里的痛苦。

6. Acknowledge you're not alone.

明白自己不是一个人在战斗。

Having a support system is essential for any tough moment. Family members, significant others, and best friends are the people you should confide in when going through a distressing time. These people are the ones who know you best and can give you advice from an outside perspective. Besides, it doesn't hurt having someone you love and care for in your corner rooting you on.

在困难的时候，一个强大的后援团是很重要的。家人、另一半或者好朋友都是你在经历痛苦时可以倾诉的人。这些人是最懂你的人，可以从旁观者的角度来给你一些建议。而且，让你爱的人或者你关心的人给你一点支持，总不会有什么坏处。

7. Learn from it.

从中学习。

There's always something to be learned from every experience you go through, good or bad. Take some time to reflect on the situation, how you reacted, and what you can do if you ever go through it again. Collecting all this knowledge could even help you avoid the situation in the future or assist a friend who is going through something similar.

无论好坏，你总能从每次经历中学习到一些事情。花些时间来反思一下当时的处境、你是如何应对的还有如果重头来一次，你会怎么做?前事不忘，后事之师，以后你还能帮助遇到相同情况的朋友呢。

8. Look to the future.

展望未来。

Now that all is said and done, it's time to start looking ahead to the future. Leave the past behind you, and begin looking to a brighter tomorrow. Change begins and ends with you, and clinging to a past event won't help alter it. Work on building a better future for yourself; it all starts with a positive mindset.

该说的该做的都完成了，现在是时候开始展望未来了。抛开过去，开始眺望一个更加灿烂的明天!你决定自己生活里的一切变化，沉溺过去是不会帮助你改变处境的。努力为自己建造更美好的未来;一切从一个积极的心态开始!

篇7：雅思阅读正确率提升方法解读

雅思阅读做题正确率低势必会导致阅读低分，而阅读通常是许多考生期待高分的科目，因为口语和写作主观性较强，分数会有浮动。那么雅思阅读正确率低应该如何解决呢?

雅思阅读正确率提升方法解读 先找问题再解决

一. 雅思阅读正确率低有哪些原因

导致雅思阅读正确率低都有哪些原因呢?小站君为大家总结了几类常见的原因，大家可以对照自身找出问题症结所在。

1. 实力不济

实力不济导致正确率低是最常见的原因。词汇量储备不够，语法基础不行，读雅思阅读的时候一知半解，题目做的乱七八糟，甚至看解析也是只能看懂个大概。雅思阅读难度很大，所以如果大家在做雅思阅读的时候出现这样的境况，那就先去提升基础再来做雅思阅读阅读题，这样正确率肯定会有提升。

2. 粗心大意

还有一些同学做题的时候信心满满，结果一对答案就傻眼了，怎么全是错的?再仔细一看，错题都是一些原本可以做对的题目，只是因为没看清题目要求，结果填空题少填了一个词，没仔细看句意结果“False”选成了“Not Given”。其实这部分同学阅读能力和做题能力是没有问题的，只要在做题的时候细心一些就可以了。

3. 速度太慢

速度太慢也会导致正确率低吗?会的。平时练习的时候如果不注意提速，到了做模考或者真实考试中，很有可能会因为节奏紧张而做不完题目，或者一些题目还没看懂就不得不选了选项，做完以后题目错的一塌糊涂。雅思阅读考试时间紧张，不仅要提升阅读能力和做题能力，还要能够在规定时间内完成所有题目。

二. 如何有针对性地做提高

1. 提升基础

针对上文中的第一个问题，大家要先去提升阅读基础，阅读的基础包括几个方面，分别是词汇、语法和题型。词汇量不够6000+很难读懂雅思阅读文章，如果词汇量不够先用词汇书恶补词汇，语法是理解英文句子构成的基础，所以只懂词汇不懂语法，很多句子也难看懂，建议先系统看一遍语法书，熟悉语法知识，然后再来做练习题。最后，雅思阅读考试有很多题型，熟悉题型也是打基础的一部分，可以参考OG或者看考试官网了解雅思阅读考试。

2. 做题前认真读题

粗心大意导致雅思阅读正确率低只要在备考时养成认真审题的习惯即可。雅思阅读考题总体分为三大类，分别是填空题、判断题和选择题。填空题审题的时候注意填词数量，判断题注意False和Not Given的区别，选择题要看清题目要求，分辨单选和多选题目。

3. 限时做模考练习

如果因为速度慢导致雅思阅读正确率低的话，大家只能通过限时模考练习来提升，可以逼迫自己提速。如果一开始就用考试时间要求太过紧张难以完成，那可以采用进阶练习法，先保证25分钟内完成一篇阅读，然后再逐步进阶到20分钟以内。

雅思阅读正确率低要先找问题，然后再根据问题去寻求解决方法，不要直接开始盲目刷题。雅思阅读正确率关系着阅读分值的高低，建议大家将提升阅读正确率作为阅读备考的重中之重来看待。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

Rogue theory of smell gets a boost

1. A controversial theory of how we smell， which claims that our fine sense of odour depends on quantum mechanics， has been given the thumbs up by a team of physicists.

2. Calculations by researchers at University College London (UCL) show that the idea that we smell odour molecules by sensing their molecular vibrations makes sense in terms of the physics involved.

3. That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid-1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct. But it should make other scientists take the idea more seriously.

4. “This is a big step forward，” says Turin， who has now set up his own perfume company Flexitral in Virginia. He says that since he published his theory， “it has been ignored rather than criticized.”

5. Most scientists have assumed that our sense of smell depends on receptors in the nose detecting the shape of incoming molecules， which triggers a signal to the brain. This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.

6. But Turin argued that smell doesn’t seem to fit this picture very well. Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs. And molecules with very different structures can smell similar. Most strikingly， some molecules can smell different — to animals， if not necessarily to humans — simply because they contain different isotopes (atoms that are chemically identical but have a different mass)。

7. Turin’s explanation for these smelly facts invokes the idea that the smell signal in olfactory receptor proteins is triggered not by an odour molecule’s shape， but by its vibrations， which can enourage an electron to jump between two parts of the receptor in a quantum-mechanical process called tunnelling. This electron movement could initiate the smell signal being sent to the brain.

8. This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier. Turin’s mechanism， says Marshall Stoneham of the UCL team， is more like swipe-card identification than a key fitting a lock.

9. Vibration-assisted electron tunnelling can undoubtedly occur — it is used in an experimental technique for measuring molecular vibrations. “The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.

10. Stoneham says that when he first heard about Turin’s idea， while Turin was himself based at UCL， “I didn’t believe it”。 But， he adds， “because it was an interesting idea， I thought I should prove it couldn’t work. I did some simple calculations， and only then began to feel Luca could be right.” Now Stoneham and his co-workers have done the job more thoroughly， in a paper soon to be published in Physical Review Letters.

11. The UCL team calculated the rates of electron hopping in a nose receptor that has an odorant molecule bound to it. This rate depends on various properties of the biomolecular system that are not known， but the researchers could estimate these parameters based on typical values for molecules of this sort.

12. The key issue is whether the hopping rate with the odorant in place is significantly greater than that without it. The calculations show that it is — which means that odour identification in this way seems theoretically possible.

13. But Horsfield stresses that that’s different from a proof of Turin’s idea. “So far things look plausible， but we need proper experimental verification. We’re beginning to think about what experiments could be performed.”

14. Meanwhile， Turin is pressing ahead with his hypothesis. “At Flexitral we have been designing odorants exclusively on the basis of their computed vibrations，” he says. “Our success rate at odorant discovery is two orders of magnitude better than the competition.” At the very least， he is putting his money where his nose is.

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

Questions 1-4

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

1. The result of the study at UCL agrees with Turin’s theory.

2. The study at UCL could conclusively prove what Luca Turin has hypothesized.

3. Turin left his post at UCL and started his own business because his theory was ignored.

4. The molecules of alcohols and those of thiols look alike.

Questions 5-9

Complete the sentences below with words from the passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

5. The hypothesis that we smell by sensing the molecular vibration was made by ______.

6. Turin’s company is based in ______.

7. Most scientists believed that our nose works in the same way as our ______.

8. Different isotopes can smell different when ______ weigh differently.

9. According to Audrew Horsfield， it is still to be proved that ______ could really occur in human nose.

Question 10-12

Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. What’s the name of the researcher who collaborated with Stoneham?

11. What is the next step of the UCL team’s study?

12. What is the theoretical basis in designing odorants in Turin’s company?

(by Zhou Hong)

Answer Keys and Explanations

1. T 见第一段。“give sth the thumbs up”为“接受“的意思。

2. F 见第三段。 “That’s still some way from proving that the theory， proposed in the mid- 1990s by biophysicist Luca Turin， is correct.”意即“现在尚无法证实生物物理学家Luca在九十年代中期提出的理论是否正确。”

3. NG

4. T 见第六段 “Molecules that look almost identical can smell very different — such as alcohols， which smell like spirits， and thiols， which smell like rotten eggs.”“identical” 一词是“完全相同”的意思。这句话是说alcohols和thiols的分子结构看起来一样，但是它们的味道却相去甚远。

5. Luca Turin 文章第二，三和七段均可看出Luca的理论即人类的鼻子是通过感觉气味分子的震动来分辨气味的。

6. Virginia 见第四段。

7. tongue 见第五段 “This molecular ’lock and key’ process is thought to lie behind a wide range of the body’s detection systems： it is how some parts of the immune system recognise invaders， for example， and how the tongue recognizes some tastes.”

8. the atoms 见第八段 “This would explain why isotopes can smell different： their vibration frequencies are changed if the atoms are heavier.”

9. vibration-assisted electron tunneling 见第九段 ““The question is whether this is possible in the nose，” says Stoneham’s colleague， Andrew Horsfield.” 句中的代词“this”指句首的“vibration-assisted electron tunneling”。

10. Andrew Horsfield 见第九段结尾。

11.proper experimental verification 见第十三段。

12.their computed vibrations 见第十四段

篇8：雅思写作难题总结

雅思作文考试近年涌现大量的难题。难题的难，体现在很难找到恰当和合理的观点，也体现在相关词汇的缺乏。以下被认为是最难的15道题，准备考试的朋友们，不妨看看这些题目，想想观点，试着写写，衡量一下自己的作文能力。

雅思写作难题总结

1.Some people think that universities should provide knowledge and skills related to future career. Others think the true function of the university is to give access to knowledge for its own sake. What is your opinion?

2.The unpaid community service should be a necessary part in high college programs (such as helping your neighbor or teaching the children sports or working for the charity).To what extent do you agree or disagree?

3.Nowadays, some people claim that public museums and art galleries will not be needed because people can see historical objects and works by using computer. Do you agree or disagree?

4.Some experts say that children’s studying English at primary school is better than their studying English at secondary school. Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

5.At present, science is developing at a high speed, but people still have a high opinion of artists. What’s your opinion?

6.More and more measures to improve the security in the urban area have been introduced because of the increased crime. Do the benefits of the measures outweigh the drawbacks?

7.Some people believe that history is little or nothing to people. Others think that people must study history to understand the present. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

8.Earlier technological development brought more benefits changes to the life of ordinary people than the recent technological development does. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

9.In order to learn a language well, we should also learn about the country as well as the cultures and lifestyles of the people who speak it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

10.Some people think that increasing business and cultural contacts have positive influences on development; others think that they have negative effects on national identities. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

11.Leisure is a growing industry. Nowadays, more modern technology is used in entertainment, which may lead people to be less creative. Do you agree or disagree?

12.Advertising encourages consumers to buy in quantity rather than in quality. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

13.The government thinks that education system should be up to date. Following are a list of the subjects taught in school. Which two do you think are the most important subjects and which one is the least important to the young people? literature, sports, mathematics, economics, physics, music, psychology, history, geography and foreign languages.

14.An American film actor once said, “Tomorrow is important and precious.” Some people think inpiduals and society should pay more attention to the future than to the present. Do you agree?

15.Old generations often hold some traditional ideas on the correct way of life, thinking and behavior. Most people argue that it is not helpful for the young generations to prepare for modern life in the future. What is your opinion?

IELTS写作真题范文之三世同堂的利弊

For many years the nuclear family, consisting of father, mother, and children, was considered to be the normal family pattern in China's society. Yet in many other cultures and in our own in the past, three generations--grandparents, parents, and children--often have lived together. What are the advantages and disadvantages of three generations living together? Give specific examples in a 250-word essay.

Three generations living together can have both financial and personal advantages. On the other hand, it can also have personal disadvantages.

In years past and today, three generations have probably lived together mostly out of economic necessity or advantage. Sometimes a young family moves in with the older generation because the husband and wife can't afford a place of their own. Sometimes grandparents move in because they aren't well enough or can't afford to live alone anymore. Occasionally, grandparents come to take care of the children so both parents can work. In times past, and sometimes today, three generations have lived together because they all depended on the same farm or business.

Usually these arrangements do help solve financial and practical problems. Everyone has a roof over his or her head. Children and old people in need of care are likely to get it. Often a family can get ahead financially by sharing the work and the bills. In addition, a strong sense of family and of belonging can develop in everyone.

What may be harder to work out are questions of who's in charge. If grandparents don't let go of some authority, the middle generation is likely to resent it. On the other hand, ailing grandparents may force their children to be parents to them and to their own children as well. If parents and grandparents disagree on discipline, children may be confused or angry.

The personal disadvantages can be overcome. For three generations to live together successfully, everyone's needs must be respected.

雅思写作真题范文之体育应该在乎输赢吗

Sports are very popular in today's society. Some people believe, ”Winning is the only thing.“ Others believe, “It’s not whether you win or lose, but how you play the game.” Is there a way in sports in which both opponents could “win” a game? “Lose” a game? Detail your thoughts on this issue in an essay of about 250 words.

Sports include both national teams and the teams for the rest of us. The national teams are mainly concerned with winning and with money. The other teams are mainly concerned with winning and with money. The other teams provide different satisfactions.

Being on a team helps people learn teamwork - to rely on others and to do their own part as well. Players learn both to win and to lose. When the team loses, the members learn that they can come back from a loss. They look for the reasons they were beaten, work on their weaknesses, and try again. When the team wins, the members can learn to be gracious winners and good sports.

Sports are also for play. Most of us have work to do most of the time. Now and then we need to have fun. Sports can provide the time to relax.

If a team helps people learn to work together, lose win, and have fun, it's a winner regardless of the score. But if players on a winning team have not worked together, if they feel that winning makes them better than others, if there was no joy in the sport, those winners are losers.

Having the winning score is important. Being a winner as a person is worth even more. As a convincing maxim of friendship first and competition second suggests, we should adhere to equivalence of wining and losing.

雅思写作满分范文之艺术家的自由

Creative artists should be given freedom to express their ideas (words, pictures, music and films. However some people think government should take some restriction with them. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Give your reasons with own knowledge and give examples.

The responsibility of an artist is to create artworks to cater for people’s needs for aesthetics and enjoyment. Some masterpieces by the world-renowned artists like Shakespeare, the greatest poet in British literature; Vinci, the most famous Italian painter, architect and sculptor impress the people around the world deeply. From my point of view, the government should not give restrictions to artists. On the contrary, their creativity and innovation should be encouraged.

Creativity is the source of arts. The development of literature is a very vivid illustration. From Classicism to Romanticism, from Renaissance to Realism, from Humanity to Post-modernism, all the styles of literature reflect people’s thinking and have epoch-making significance. Suppose there were only one style of literature, people would not appreciate so abundant poetry and novels and our world would become so monotonous.

Furthermore, restrictions on creativity will arouse tragedies, one of which is “Burn books and bury the literati in pits” in Chinese history launched by Emperor Qin Shihuang, who buried the Confucian scholars alive and prohibited the dissemination of Confucian. Another tragedy was started by Emperor Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, who killed many creative artists and intellectuals, undermining the literal development and distorting the development of humanity. History proves that only when a government encourages people to express their own idea and thought freely, can its country make progress and prosper.

Finally, I will quote a classic sentence from a famous article entitled “Give me liberty or give me death” by Patrick Henry, the greatest writer in American history, “I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

教师指导雅思写作高分范文使用方法

1、备考的同学们至少要把作文题细致地分析过一遍，在话题内容、结构框架、文字素材方面进行全面归纳。

2、考生练习时务必保证在规定时间内完成作文。避免考试时短路或紧张，导致崩盘。

3、考生切记纸上谈兵，一定要动笔写。写完后更要认真重读修改，有条件的可以找老师或其他英语水平较好的人修改并提建议，在修改的过程中发现错误，下次写作时可以改正，提高写作能力。

4、虽然选入书中的原题不可能再完全一样地重现考场，但书后附上的考官范文和带有细致点评的考生例文都是非常有价值的。

5、试着把考官的范文翻译成中文，再以自己的思路和语言由中文重新翻译改写成英文，在语言转换的过程中体会中英两种语言在结构、用词、逻辑上的异同，寻找自己在写作中常犯的错误或影响表达的中式英语，提升语言的准确度。

篇9：解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题

汇总解读托福阅读题型5大类常见高频难题

托福阅读高频难点题型：主旨题

主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题，建议考生把这道题放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。

托福阅读高频难点题型：列举题

列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。

托福阅读高频难点题型：文章结论题

文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相当于文章主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对文章最后部分，也有可能针对整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个文章。

托福阅读高频难点题型：作者态度题

作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。

托福阅读高频难点题型：文章结构题

文章结构题三种：A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句，因为文章首句承上启下，尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走：第一、读文章每段首句，文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面，下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题，即竖看文章每段首句，横看文章最后一句，其他句子是文章所讲内容，而不是下面将要讲的内容，往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题，只需要读文章每段首句即可，因为这些句子是文章框架。

托福阅读背景知识汇总之睡与梦

睡与梦( dream and sleep)

梦是生活中难解之谜，自古以来引起各种各样的解释和猜想。释梦几乎是精神分析医生及占卜者所独有。笔者就近期对脑电波、香味、音乐与气功的研究科学观点出发，尝试努力把哲学、生理学、心理学及脑科学知识融为一体客观地去探索“睡与梦”的机理，寻找启发性新理论来满足科学及哲学范畴对“睡与梦”解释的需要。透过对“睡与梦”探讨过程，希能使朋友们更好地去认识您自己，发掘自己的潜能。

托福阅读背景知识汇总之梦境的解释

对梦的解释不论古今中外都引起广泛兴趣及争论，大致可分脑神经生理学及精神分析学两学派：

1.脑神经生理学者克里克“F.Crick”是近代代表者。

他认为做事是为了整理记忆，梦并不是提醒我们什麽，而是通过快波睡眠忘记无用讯息，避免储存讯息过度饱和而造成混乱。做事时主要是大脑的脑干部份产生兴奋，发出讯号引起脑视觉区出现影像，前脑把传送到视觉区讯号勉强编成梦，若浪费精力去解释梦意义是毫无价值。

2.精神分析学者佛浴伊德“S.Freud”认为：人有根多欲望和想法被压抑在潜意识深处。入睡後，彼压抑的欲望和观念便会在梦中偷偷进入意识里，但它们是经过化装的，真实意义已经过象征化或符号化。对梦作分析可以了解压抑与问题所在“也可预先参考图二”。

从电脑学发掘“梦”的新理论

快波睡眠等于做梦吗?实验报告证明快波睡眠期约有百分之七十机会做梦。但如果说快波睡眠就是做梦期，在母体内的胎儿及新生儿，快波睡眠高达百分之五十五至百分百。为什麽人生经验几乎是零的胎儿及新生儿，脑中还有什麽压抑欲望或无用讯息须花费那麽多时间去做梦?不论克里克或佛洛伊德的理论都无法获得满意答案。纽曼“Snowman”和伊凡斯“Cleans”两位学者提出从电脑角度去胁助理解人脑做梦机制，他们把人脑入睡後不能感知外界讯息时比拟电脑需暂停正常运作始能输入新程式或修改旧程式，来解释快波睡眠期可能是人脑在膳录或修改程式的时刻。此新启发性理论可满意解释胎儿及新生儿需要那麽长的快波睡眠，因为他们脑中的蛋白质分子正忙著在其脑纹上膳录生存本能及生活所必需的大量程式。此电脑程式观点不仅能把佛洛伊德和克里克理论互相沟通，同时对于析解各种人脑之谜注前迈跨一步。

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