以下是小编为大家准备了托福作文常见错误23种,本文共25篇,欢迎参阅。本文原稿由网友“hyposensitiz”提供。
篇1:TOEFL英语考试作文常见错误23种
TOEFL英语考试作文常见错误23种
关于TOEFL考试作文相信大家都买了不少参考书,并且背诵了不少好段子,但是有的考生依旧作文不理想,究其原因在写作时可能不太在意,好了,让我们看看专家怎么评点TOEFL考试作文的常见错误的……
1、结构不平行例:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.当使用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候,应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
2、不知所云例:Many companies began using computers mouth.
3、段落过长,不分段主语与动词一致问题She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time.主语和动词在数方面不一致。
4、句子别扭We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed.措辞过长或不清。换言之,句子显得滑稽可笑。
5、不要使用缩写在正式的写作中不要使用缩写形式(can't,don't,it's,we'll,they've等等),而应当使用单词的完整形式(cannot,do not,it is,we will,they have等等)。
6、关联词语重复Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores.不能在该句的主要主语和主要动词前使用连词。
7、句子不完整Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to getsintoscollege. For example, my friend in high school.句子没有主要主语或主要动词,因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个非常常见的.错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。
8、不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and gotsintosbed. Get太不正式,意思也过于含糊,不适合用在正式的场合。应将get改为一个更加具体的单词,如become, receive, find, achieve,等等。
9、书写难以辨认信息不正确I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there.传的信息不正确,或者让人听起来觉得可能不正确(如果确实是正确的,应当解释为什么这样,因为读者不认为是正确的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我们不能绝对地说每一件新东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见,应当使用many或most。非英语单词Computers are very helpful and advantageable.尽管看起来象个单词,其实不是,至少不是个英文单词。使用这个单词的另一种形式。
10、介词多余I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband.在表示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种情况常见于downtown,home,there,here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词,因而不能在它们前面添加介词。
11、跑题或不相关There are many reason
篇2:托福作文常见错误
托福作文常见错误
1.结构不平行 例:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books. 当使用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候,应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
2.不知所云 例:Many companies began using computers mouth.
3.段落过长,不分段 主语与动词一致问题 She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time. 主语和动词在数方面不一致。
4.句子别扭 We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed. 措辞过长或不清。换言之,句子显得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用缩写 在正式的.写作中不要使用缩写形式(can’t, don't,it's, we'll, they've等等) ,而应当使用单词的完整形式 (cannot, do not,it is,we will,they have等等)。
6.关联词语重复 Since I want to go to a good school, therefore I am trying to raise my test scores. 不能在该句的主要主语和主要动词前使用连词。
7.句子不完整 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school. 句子没有主要主语或主要动词,因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。
8.不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and got into bed. Get太不正式,意思也过于含糊,不适合用在正式的场合。应将get改为一个更加具体的单词,如become, receive, find, achieve,等等。
9.书写难以辨认 信息不正确 I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there. 传的信息不正确,或者让人听起来觉得可能不正确(如果确实是正确的,应当解释为什么这样,因为读者不认为是正确的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我们不能绝对地说每一件新东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见,应当使用many或most。 非英语单词Computers are very helpful and advantageable. 尽管看起来象个单词,其实不是,至少不是个英文单词。使用这个单词的另一种形式。
10.介词多余
I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here.
In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband. 在表示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种情况常见于downtown,home,there,here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词,因而不能在它们前面添加介词。
篇3:托业作文常见的错误23种
托业作文常见的错误23种
1.结构不平行 例:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books. 当使用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候,应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
2.不知所云 例:Many companies began using computers mouth.
3.段落过长,不分段,主语与动词一致问题 She are a good friend of mine that I has known for a long time. 主语和动词在数方面不一致。
4.句子别扭 We heated the soup in the microwave for too long and the shape of the container changed. 措辞过长或不清。换言之,句子显得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用缩写 在正式的写作中不要使用缩写形式(can“t,don”t,it“s,we”ll,they“ve等等) ,而应当使用单词的完整形式 (cannot,do not,it is,we will,they have等等)。
6.关联词语重复 Since I want to go to a good school,therefore I am trying to raise my test scores. 不能在该句的主要主语和主要动词前使用连词。
7.句子不完整 Many students have a hard time passing all the tests to get into college. For example, my friend in high school. 句子没有主要主语或主要动词,因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。
8.不要使用get When I got home, I got tired, so I got a book and got into bed. Get太不正式,意思也过于含糊,不适合用在正式的场合。应将get改为一个更加具体的单词,如become, receive, find, achieve, 等等。
9.书写难以辨认,信息不正确 I would like to study in America because all modern technology originated there. 传的信息不正确,或者让人听起来觉得可能不正确(如果确实是正确的,应当解释为什么这样,因为读者不认为是正确的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我们不能绝对地说每一件新东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见,应当使用many或most.非英语单词Computers are very helpful and advantageable. 尽管看起来象个单词,其实不是,至少不是个英文单词。使用这个单词的另一种形式。
10.介词多余 I would like to discuss about something important that you mentioned about to me during yesterday. We went to downtown yesterday to buy a watch. When I first came to the US, I did not have a lot of friends in here. In class, my classmate never mentioned about her husband. 在表示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种情况常见于downtown,home,there,here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词,因而不能在它们前面添加介词。
11.跑题或不相关 There are many reasons to buy a car, preferably a nice car. 这个意思与文章的主题无关。
12.陈词滥调 It is okay for children to fail sometimes. 所表达的意思很普通 大多数人都已经知道到了,因而就没有必要再说出来。
13.标点问题 I love animals. And I like to help them. Because they are helpless. So I want to become a vet. 这是一个非常普遍的问题!许多学生在句子中使用了太多的句号,尤其是当他们用手写的时候。
14.重复冗余 Personally, I believe what the newspaper prints. 一种意思的表述不止一次,或者某个词语不必要。
15.单数/复数 Many year ago, dinosaur roamed the Earths. 单词需要从单数变为复数,或者由复数变成单数。 单数可数名词 单数可数名词不能单独使用,应该将其变为复数形式或者加上限定词(a, the, my, his, her, Gary”s, no, any, 1, 3, 50, most,等等)。
16.拼写错误,主语、动词或宾语有问题 I want to buy something for my mother that she will like it. There was a terrible accident happen yesterday. 句子的.基本结构有问题, 缺少主语、动词或宾语,或者这些成分重复。
17.语气与文章不符 I was kind of mad at the guy who vociferated angry words at me. I have heard many wonderful things about such cosmopolitan cities as Paris, London, Tokyo, and Hong Kong and I would love to visit these cities to check them out. 语气与文章其他部分不相符, 可能是过于正式或者太不正式。
18.代词指代不明 If people do not speak the same language, it has a greater chance of miscommunication. I intend to complete my studies in the United States because they have good programs there. 代词所指代的指示词(介词所代替的名词)不清楚。
19.过于笼统 We should use our resources on Earth because the Earth is getting worse. 句子或它所表达的意思过于笼统,不能提供多少信息。
20.动词时态错误 Yesterday I will go to the store because tomorrow I needed some food. 动词时态不正确 检查一下是应该用现在时、过去时、将来时还是完成时等等。
21.选词不恰当 I was late getting home because I lost my way. 在这种情况下不应该使用该词 可选择更好的词语或者所使用的词语与文章的总体语气不符。
22.单词形式不当 I want to creation a great web site so that I can becoming wealth. 所使用的单词的形式不正确 检查一下应该使用该词的名词、形容词或副词形式的哪一种。
23.用词错误 Even I don‘t speak Spanish, I was able to find a bathroom in the department store. I gained a lot of pounds during vacation. 用词错误或在此种情况下该词不是最佳用词。
篇4:TOEFL考试作文常见的23种错误参考
TOEFL考试作文常见的23种错误参考
考试专家评点TOEFL考试作文常见的23种错误
关于TOEFL考试作文相信大家都买了不少参考书,并且背诵了不少好段子,但是有的考生依旧作文不理想,究其原因在写作时可能不太在意,好了,让我们看看专家怎么评点TOEFL考试作文的常见错误的……
1.结构不平行例:IwasabletoraisemyTOEFLscorebystudyinghardandIreadlotsofbooks.当使用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候,应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
2.不知所云例:Manycompaniesbeganusingcomputersmouth.
3.段落过长,不分段主语与动词一致问题SheareagoodfriendofminethatIhasknownforalongtime.主语和动词在数方面不一致。
4.句子别扭Weheatedthesoupinthemicrowavefortoolongandtheshapeofthecontainerchanged.措辞过长或不清。换言之,句子显得滑稽可笑。
5.不要使用缩写在正式的写作中不要使用缩写形式(can’t,don’t,it’s,we’ll,they’ve等等),而应当使用单词的完整形式(cannot,donot,itis,wewill,theyhave等等)。
6.关联词语重复SinceIwanttogotoagoodschool,thereforeIamtryingtoraisemytestscores.不能在该句的主要主语和主要动词前使用连词。
7.句子不完整Manystudentshaveahardtimepassingalltheteststogetintocollege.Forexample,myfriendinhighschool.句子没有主要主语或主要动词,因为其实它应是一个从句。这是一个非常常见的错误,修改的方法是将两个句子连接起来。
8.不要使用getWhenIgothome,Igottired,soIgotabookandgotintobed.Get太不正式,意思也过于含糊,不适合用在正式的场合。应将get改为一个更加具体的单词,如become,receive,find,achieve,等等。
9.书写难以辨认信息不正确IwouldliketostudyinAmericabecauseallmoderntechnologyoriginatedthere.传的信息不正确,或者让人听起来觉得可能不正确(如果确实是正确的,应当解释为什么这样,因为读者不认为是正确的)。上述例句中,all的意思是百分之百;我们不能绝对地说每一件新东西都是从美国诞生的。为保险起见,应当使用many或most。非英语单词Computersareveryhelpfulandadvantageable.尽管看起来象个单词,其实不是,至少不是个英文单词。使用这个单词的另一种形式。
10.介词多余Iwouldliketodiscussaboutsomethingimportantthatyoumentionedabouttomeduringyesterday.Wewenttodowntownyesterdaytobuyawatch.WhenIfirstcametotheUS,Ididnothavealotoffriendsinhere.Inclass,myclassmatenevermentionedaboutherhusband.在表示这种意思时此单词不能与介词连用。这种情况常见于downtown,home,there,here等词。这些词语在英语中是副词而非名词,因而不能在它们前面添加介词。
11.跑题或不相关Therearemanyreasonstobuyacar,preferablyanicecar.这个意思与文章的主题无关。
12.陈词滥调Itisokayforchildrentofailsometimes.所表达的意思很普通大多数人都已经知道到了,因而就没有必要再说出来。
13.标点问题Iloveanimals.AndIliketohelpthem.Becausetheyarehelpless.SoIwanttobecomeavet.这是一个非常普遍的问题!许多学生在句子中使用了太多的句号,尤其是当他们用手写的时候。
14.重复冗余Personally,Ibelievewhatthenewspaperprints.一种意思的表述不止一次,或者某个词语不必要。
15.单数/复数Manyyearago,dinosaurroamedtheEarths.单词需要从单数变为复数,或者由复数变成单数。单数可数名词单数可数名词不能单独使用,应该将其变为复数形式或者加上限定词(a,the,my,his,her,Gary’s,no,any,1,3,50,most,等等)。
16.拼写错误主语、动词或宾语有问题Iwanttobuysomethingformymotherthatshewilllikeit.Therewasaterribleaccidenthappenyesterday.句子的.基本结构有问题 缺少主语、动词或宾语,或者这些成分重复。
17.语气与文章不符Iwaskindofmadattheguywhovociferatedangrywordsatme.IhaveheardmanywonderfulthingsaboutsuchcosmopolitancitiesasParis,London,Tokyo,andHongKongandIwouldlovetovisitthesecitiestocheckthemout.语气与文章其他部分不相符可能是过于正式或者太不正式。
18.代词指代不明Ifpeopledonotspeakthesamelanguage,ithasagreaterchanceofmiscommunication.IintendtocompletemystudiesintheUnitedStatesbecausetheyhavegoodprogramsthere.代词所指代的指示词(介词所代替的名词)不清楚。
19.过于笼统WeshoulduseourresourcesonEarthbecausetheEarthisgettingworse. 句子或它所表达的意思过于笼统,不能提供多少信息。
20.动词时态错误YesterdayIwillgotothestorebecausetomorrowIneededsomefood.动词时态不正确检查一下是应该用现在时、过去时、将来时还是完成时等等。
21.选词不恰当IwaslategettinghomebecauseIlostmyway.在这种情况下不应该使用该词可选择更好的词语或者所使用的词语与文章的总体语气不符。
22.单词形式不当IwanttocreationagreatwebsitesothatIcanbecomingwealth.所使用的单词的形式不正确检查一下应该使用该词的名词、形容词或副词形式的哪一种。
23.用词错误EvenIdon’tspeakSpanish,Iwasabletofindabathroominthedepartmentstore.Igainedalotofpoundsduringvacation.用词错误或在此种情况下该词不是最佳用词。 
篇5:托福口语常见错误
托福口语常见错误梳理
【1】I very like it
I like it very much.
这个错误基本上是每个人都会出错的,原因非常简单,就是因为在使用中文思维,然后翻译成简单的英语表达,这是非常危险的一个习惯。
【2】这个价格对我挺合适的。
The price is very suitable for me.
The price is right.
suitable(合适的、相配的)最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上,如:下列节目儿童不宜。The following programme is not suitable for children.在这组句子中用后面的说法会更合适。
【3】你是做什么工作的呢?
What’s your job?
What’s your occupation?
what’s your job?这种说法难道也有毛病吗?是的。因为如果您的谈话对象刚刚失业,如此直接的问法会让对方有失面子,所以您要问:目前您是在上班吗?Are you working at the moment?接下来您才问:目前您在哪儿工作呢?Where are you working these days?或者您从事哪个行业呢?What line of work are you in? 最地道的是说Occupation. 顺带说一下,回答这类问题时不妨说得具体一点,不要只是说经理或者秘书。
【4】用英语怎么说?
How to say?
How do you say this in English?
Note:How to say是在中国最为泛滥成灾的中国式英语之一,这决不是地道的英语说法。同样的句子有:请问这个词如何拼写?How do you spell that please?请问这个单词怎么读?How do you pronounce this word?
【5】明天我有事情要做。
I have something to do tomorrow?
Sorry but I am tied up all day tomorrow.
用I have something to do来表示您很忙,这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做,躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说我很忙,脱不开身:I’m tied up.还有其他的说法:I’m I can’t make it at that time. I’d love to, but I can’t, I have to stay at home.
【6】我没有英文名。
I haven’t English name.
I don’t have an English name.
许多人讲英语犯这样的错误,从语法角度来分析,可能是语法功底欠缺,因为have在这里是实义动词,而并不是在现在完成时里面那个没有意义的助动词。所以,这句话由肯定句变成否定句要加助动词。
明白道理是一回事,习惯是另一回事,请您再说几话:我没有钱;I don’t have any money.我没有兄弟姐妹;I don’t have any brothers or sisters.我没有车。I don’t have a car.
【7】我想我不行。
I think I can’t.
I don’t think I can.
这一组然是个习惯问题,在语法上称为否定前置,这就是汉语里面说“我想我不会”的时候,英语里面总是说“我不认为我会”。
【8】我的舞也跳得不好。
I don’t dance well too.
I am not a very good dancer either.
当我们说不擅长做什么事情的时候,英语里面通常用not good at something,英语的思维甚至直接踊跃到:我不是一个好的舞者。
【9】现在几点钟了?
What time is it now?
What time is it, please?
What time is it now这是一个直接从汉语翻译过的句子,讲英语的时候没有必要说now,因为您不可能问what time was it yesterday, 或者what time is it tommorow?所以符合英语习惯的说法是:请问现在几点了?还有一种说法是:How are we doing for time?这句话在有时间限制的时候特别合适。
【10.】我的英语很糟糕。
My English is poor.
I am not 100% fluent, but at least I am improving.
有人开玩笑说,全中国人最擅长的一句英文是:My English is poor.实话说,我从来没有遇到一个美国人对我说:My Chinese is poor. 无论他们的汉语是好是坏,他们会说: I am still having a few problem, but I getting better.
当您告诉外国人,您的英语很poor,so what(那又怎么样呢),是要让别人当场施舍给我们一些英语呢,还是说我的英语不好,咱们不谈了吧。
另外一个更大的弊端是,一边不停的学英语,一边不停地说自己的英语很poor,这正像有个人一边给车胎充气,又一边在车胎上扎孔放气。
【11】你愿意参加我们的晚会吗?
Would you like to join our party on Friday?
Would you like to come to our party on Friday night?
join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会,如:join a health club; join the Communist Party.事实上,常常与party搭配的动词的come 或者go。如go a wild party,或者come to a Christmas Party。
【12】我没有经验。
I have no experience.
I don’t know much about that.
I have no experience这句话听起来古里古怪,因为您只需要说:那方面我懂得不多,或者这方面我不在行,就行了。I am not really an expert in this area.
【13】我没有男朋友。
I have no boyfriend.
I don’t have a boyfriend.
【14】他的身体很健康。
His body is healthy.
He is in good health. You can also say: He’s healthy.
【15】价钱很昂贵/便宜。
The price is too expensive/cheap.
The price is too high/ rather low.
【16】我们下了车。
We got off the car.
We got out of the car.
【17】车速快了。
The speed of the car is fast.
The car is speeding. Or “The car is going too fast.”
【18】这个春节你回家吗?
Will you be going back home for the Spring Festival?
是的,我回去。Of course! (这一句是错的)
当然。Sure. / Certainly.(这种说法是正确的)
以英语为母语的人使用of course的频率要比中国的学生低得多,只有在回答一些众所周知的问题时才说of course。因为of course后面隐含的一句话是“当然我知道啦!难道我是一个傻瓜吗?”因此,of course带有挑衅的意味。在交谈时,用sure或certainly效果会好得多。同时,of course not也具挑衅的意味。正常情况下语气温和的说法是certainly not.
【19】我觉得右手很疼。
I feel very painful in my right hand.
My right hand is very painful. Or “ My right hand hurts(aches).”
【20】他看到她很惊讶。
He looked at her and felt surprised.
He looked at her in surprise.
【21】我读过你的小说但是没料到你这么年轻。
I have read your novels but I didn't think you could be so young.
After having read your novel, I expected that you would be older.
【22】她脸红了,让我看穿了她的心思。
Her red face made me see through her mind.
Correct: Her red face told me what she was thinking.
【24】别理她。
Don't pay attention to her.
Leave her alone.
【25】我在大学里学到了许多知识。
I get a lot of knowledge in the university.
I learned a lot in university.
【26】黄山正在读书。
Samuel is reading a book.
Samuel is reading.
【27】她由嫉妒转向失望。
She was so jealous that she became desperate.
Jealousy drove her to despair.
托福口语模板:从事冒险活动是勇敢还是愚蠢
Some people think that risk-taking actions such as rock-climbing and skydiving requires a lot of bravery, while others think this is not brave, but simply foolish. Which view do you agree with and explain why.
有些人认为冒险活动,比如攀岩和跳伞需要很大的勇气,而另外的人认为这不是勇敢,而是单纯的蠢。你同意哪个看法,并请解释原因。
相似题目:
A lot of experienced and inexperienced climb mountains every year, which one of the following adjectives would you use to describe this experience? Adventurous, frightening or foolish?
很多有经验、没经验的人现在每年都爬山,你会用下面哪个词去形容这事?爱冒险的,令人恐惧的,愚蠢的?
这里分享北京新东方李家其老师为大家带来一个口语范文答案:
Well, I’d definitely call these people brave. My understanding of the word “bravery” is that one is ready to face and endure danger. And these people are doing just that. They are out there jumping off a cliff, or jumping down from a plane, all of which ①takes a lot of nerve.Compared to them, my life as an ordinary office worker would ②have nothing to do with the word “bravery”. Everyday I’d get up, ③commute to my company, and ④punch the clock. Even if I had the chance to go skydiving, I’d probably say no. So I’d⑤give them a thumbs up.
And as for the word “foolish”, I think we ⑥are not in the right position to call them that, because even if they are ⑦risking lives doing extreme sports, it’s their choices after all.
我肯定会把这些人称为是“勇敢”的。我对“勇敢”这个词的理解是,你准备好了去面对和忍受危险,而这些人恰好就是在这么做。他们从悬崖上跳下来,或者从飞机上往下跳,这都需要很大的勇气。而和他们相比,我作为一个普通办公室员工的生活,就和“勇敢”没什么关系了。每天无非起床,通勤去公司,打卡上班。即使我有机会去跳伞,或许也会拒绝的。所以我要给他们点赞。
至于“愚蠢”这个词,我觉得我们没资格这么说他们,因为就算他们为了做极限运动冒了生命危险,那毕竟也是他们自己的选择。
托福口语范文:租房子时最重要的因素
题目
When going to college, which do you think is the most important factor to consider when looking for an apartment?
--Friendliness of roommates
--Near stores and restaurants
--Size of the room
Sample Response
The most important factor for a college apartment is the people I live with. If they aren’t friendly, my college experience will be miserable.
First, agreeable roommates make everyday activities more pleasant. For example, if I am studying or sleeping and ask the person to turn the radio down, the person will so I can get my schoolwork done.
Also, friendly roommates can help when I have problems. For example, they might answer homework questions or share things I need. It is good to have someone close I can count on.
Because they affect me in many ways, friendly roommates are very important when finding a college apartment.
英语口语
篇6:托福写作常见错误
一.句子成分缺失
句子不完整这个错误是由于很多同学缺乏common sense, 不知道啥叫一个句子的完整,为啥自己写的就不完整。什么样的句子是完整的?一个主语+一个谓语已经可以构成最简单的完整句子。
举个最简单的例子
“我愿意”=“I do”
这个“I do”就已经是一个简单完整的句子了。缺主语,或缺谓语,不能构成一个完整的句子。
a.缺谓语
例如:The society develops rapidly.The society是主语,develops是谓语,此时这个句子 就是完整的。
常见的错误写法:The society developing rapidly.此时这个句子是缺谓语的。
我们需要改写成:The society develops rapidly.或The society is developing rapidly.
b.出现两个或两个以上主谓结构
一个句子有且只能有一个主谓结构。“我干,他不干”这句话正确的表达方法是:I do, but he does not.或: I do. He does not.然而常见的错误形式是:I do, he does not.此时这句话出现了两个主语:I, he.那么这句话肯定就是错误,我们需要用连接词but隔开,或直接句号后另起一句话。
我们举一个难一点的例子:Some people agree with the first statement, I disagree with it.这种错误的表达常见于同学们的写作第一段。这句话出现了两个主语:Some people; I.出现了两个谓语:agree; disagree.按照我们刚才已经讲过的,一句话不能出现两个主语判断,这句话是有问题的。
正确的写法是:
Some people agree with the first statement. However, I disagree with it.
或:Some people agree with the first statement, but I disagree with it.
二.主谓不一致
这是同学们最容易犯的错误,常见指数5颗星!
在中文的动词形式中,不管是:你,我,他、她、它,动词形式都一样。
然而在英文中,你我、TA的动词形式不同。
I do; you do; she does; he does; it does.
例如:
a. Intelligence leads to success.
常见错误写法:
Intelligence lead to success.
b. The professor provides great opportunities for students to expand their horizons.
常见错误写法:
The professor provide great opportunities for students….
三.平行结构
我们常用逗号,或连接词如:and,not only…but also…来连接两边平行的一些单词或句子。此时逗号及连接词左右两边连接的内容,需要形式平行,如名词和名词平行,形容词与形容词平行,动词与动词平行。
例如:
a. Expensive handmade items are creative and artistic.
此处,creative和artistic都是形容词,是正确的平行结构。
b. Working out and taking a rest are the best ways to maintain health.
此处working out和taking a rest是动名词做主语,形式一致,是正确的平行结构。
而同学们常犯的错误是:
working out and take a rest… 此处结构就出现了错误。
c. The media gives us information and tells us the truth.
此处gives, tells结构一致,保持平行。
常见错误写法:
the media gives us information and telling us the truth.
托福考试作文独立写作范文:学生是否需要起早去上学
Some people think it is the best approach for students to learn if school start the day at a early time in the morning. But someone think the school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.
题目大意:学生是否需要起早去上学。老师建议大家选择反对,即认为孩子可以晚点去上学,因为一方面可以保证孩子的休息,从而提高课堂效率,另一方面避免孩子遭遇早高峰,有助于保证好的心情,从而减少对学习的干扰。
托福写作模板及参考答案:
篇7:托福写作常见错误
Many schools are planning to postpone the first class in the morning for less lateness and better educating quality. However, the schedule of late classes will cultivate students’ indolence, and pose many other negative effects. As a result, starting class late would not effectively reduce the rate of lateness and cannot secure the educating efficacy.
Firstly, early classes in the morning will force the students to keep a disciplined life style. In order to attend the first class, students have to get up early in the morning. This habit brings many benefits. For example, young people will live a much healthier life. Keeping the schedule in mind, they would no longer dally at night before sleep, and save their time in the morning. Then, they can have a good rest in the evening and keep themselves energetic at daytime. Besides, they could also shape many of their excellent characteristics, like self-discipline or persistence. Leaving the cozy bed requires a powerful willpower when we start a new day, and doing this every day asks for a strong self-control. Both of these virtues are keys to success. And one of the well-known, Kobe Bryant, is a beneficiary of starting his day early in the morning. He once gave his secret to become the MVP in the basketball playground. It was his getting up early in the 4 AM that contributes him. In conclusion, both physical and psychological benefits can be gained by the disciplined life style led by the early classes.
In addition, early start in the morning also leaves more extracurricular time for students. Earlier starting class generally results in earlier off-class. More spare time after class enables students to conduct other activities, such as further exploring in study, deepening their interests or doing some other activities. Those activities would help students to improve themselves. In spare time, students can do some practical experiments to apply knowledge into practice, which allow them to have in-depth understanding in knowledge learnt in class. Students would be also capable of learning instrument, painting or doing sports with abundant of time after class. Those extracurricular activities help students to achieve complete development. Obviously, earlier start in the morning means a longer day, providing more spare time for students to enrich their life and promote themselves in learning.
Late classes, to a degree, may lower the absence rate at the beginning. This is because that students do not need to be hurry in the morning, especially for those who cannot get up early. In the long run, however, the original purpose cannot be realized effectively. The allowance of starting class later would indulge the bad habits of procrastination. Some students will tend to put off all tasks late at night, if they do not need to get up early. Staying up later would in turn make students get up later. This is a vicious circle. As a result, students’ biological clock will be re-adjusted, making it harder for them to get up on time. Therefore, the absence rate would be decreased again.
In summary, compared to making classes late in the morning, starting the day early would bring many benefits in learning. Students would be able to maintain a healthy life physically and mentally, and to explore in study, all of which contribute to a higher quality of learning.
范文参考二:
In the contemporary society, the length of study time on the part of students has become one of the most hottly debated issue among the general public. When it comes to whether students should be required to arrive school at the early time in the morning, people’s notions may vary from one to another. In my eyes, starting school day at a late time is a better choice for the following reasons.
To begin with, arriving school at the late time will ensure students have a good rest and thus contributes to the improvement of their study efficiency. As is common sense, the increasingly heavy study burden on the shoulder of students has squeezed their leisure time so much that their sleeping time cannot be guaranteed. As a result, with the implementation of starting school day in a late time, the quality of their rest will be improved, with the consequence that their attention will be more concentrated in class. On the contrary, shortening their rest time by requesting students begin class early will definitely produce a negative effect on their study. To be specific, it will be common to observe that students feel so sleepy as to have a short nap during the class.
In addition, students who start school day in a late time will obviously avoid being stuck in traffic jam and thus have a better mood in the morning. Undoubtedly, under the drive of a cheerful frame of mind, children will raise their efficiency of study to a large extent. The experience of my cousin, Tom, can serve as a good example to shed some lights on the above reasoning. Tom, a student in a middle school of Beijing, used to be required to arrive school at 8 a.m. every morning in order to prepare better for the National Examination of College Admission. However, the problem is that according to the regulations of most companies, employees also have to start work at 8 a.m. Therefore, it is not hard to imagine that the subways, buses and taxis are crowded with people in the morning. According to Tom’s recounting, no one will feel good after such a experience, let alone immediately devoting him/herself to study.
Taking what has been discussed into consideration, we can draw the conclusion that it is wise to require student to arrive school at a late time in the morining, in order to ensure the quality of their rest and develop a light heart.
范文参考三:
Have you experienced struggling with your pillow every morning? Have you ever choked with the traffic jams in the rush hour? Have you ever felt sleepy in the first class? No matter what scientific evidence shows us the advantages of having class early, there is a new research from Mark Fischettiof Scientific America convince us that students' efficiency can be improved by going to school later. I totally agree with the statement for it’s beneficial for both of students and teachers.
First, students' efficiency can be elevated. Under the excessive burden, students always stay up late and that’s why their sleep time has been shrunk. If they are forced to get up early, their whole day will be windy. Thus, students would waste the most substantial content of study, nevertheless, students would be more fresh and have concentrations on the class. According to Kyla Wahlstrom, director of the Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement at the University of Minnesota. She made a research in Minnesota February that tracked 9000 students in eight public high schools in Minnesota, Colorado and Wyoming. After one semester, when school began at 8:35 a.m. or later, grades earned in math, English, science and social studies typically rose a quarter step—for example, up halfway from B to B+. This conclusion perfectly convinces everyone that students should get up later.
Second, we should follow students' biological system. Adolescents' physiology has greatly altered from their childhood because of melatonin. The later the delay, the greater the payoff.Following their biological change can make them healthy and wealthy. Take me as an example, as a teacher, most of my students would like to finish their homework and chat with friend until the mid night. They can't control their biological clock, which makes they fell very sleepy in the first class. Moreover the rate of being on duty is lower compared with other time periods.
Third, traffic problems can be released. One should know that big cities have the traffic jams all the time, which makes students choked with the road and can’t get rid of it. Moreover, students who live far away from the school are hurry to get catch up with the early classes. If schools postpone their time to be later, it will help them stagger the rush time of traffic. Nevertheless, students would start their study restlessly, which influences their mood not mention to the study efficiency. A study in from California public schools shows that students can avoid transportation problems by changing their class time. What’ more, their literature and math scores are higher on the average.
To conclude, getting up early and attend class are good for both of students and teachers. I suggest that school should postpone their class time and improve students’ efficiency.
素材补充(选自:果壳网):(Mark Fischetti/文,IvyP/译)我们都有过早上起来与被窝作斗争,最后不得不睡眼惺忪地去上学的经历。这种现象可不是中国特有的——大洋对岸的美国家长、学生还有老师们也时常争论,中学的上课时间是不是太早了。而在过去的3年间有越来越多的研究表明,推迟上课时间有助提高学习的效果,并且上课时间越晚越好。
生物学研究显示,人在幼童时期倾向于早睡早起;而当人步入青少年时期后,昼夜节律会发生改变,导致青少年睡得更晚,起得也更晚。这种改变是由大脑内褪黑素的变化引起的,这一过程大约开始于13岁,在15到16岁明显增强,而在17到19岁时达到高峰。
那么这个现象会对学习效果产生影响吗?根据明尼苏达大学应用研究与教育改进中心主任凯拉·瓦尔斯特隆今年2月发表的论文,答案是肯定的。她跟踪调查了在明尼苏达州、科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的8所公立中学里就读的9000多名学生。结果发现,如果上课时间调整到早上8:35或者更晚,一个学期之后,学生们的数学、英语、科学和社会学成绩普遍提高了1/4个等级,例如从B提高到了B与B+的中间位置。
另有两篇由瓦尔斯特隆评议但还未发表的研究论文也获得了相似的结论。在美国空军学院进行的一项对照实验也验证了这一结论,因为在大学一年级时不同组的学员开始上课的时间不同。此外,一项研究显示,由于交通问题导致北卡罗来纳州不同地区的学校上课时间不同,结果上课时间较晚的学校,学生的数学和阅读成绩较高。还有其它研究表明,推迟上课时间可以提高出勤率,以及减少青少年抑郁和交通事故的发生率。这些都因为晚点上课可以让青少年获得更充足的睡眠。
多项研究表明,与把上课时间从早上7:15调到7:45的学校相比,上课时间从7:30改为8:00的学校里的学生的学习成绩有更大幅度的提高。来自巴西、意大利和以色列的研究也获得了相似的结论。之所以上课时间推迟会获得这些好处,其关键是青少年保证了至少8个小时的充足睡眠,而如果能达到9小时就更好了。相比之下,在欧洲,很少有中学会在上午9点以前开始上课。
不支持推迟上课时间的人们曾担心这样会影响学生的正常作息。不过结果表明,学生们在进行课余活动或是兼职工作时,并没有受到上课时间改变的影响。研究结果甚至对校车接送问题也提供了更好的解决办法。许多学校都是先接中学生上学,然后再接小学生,而将这一顺序调换可以让高中生们的上学时间推迟。这样做除了可以让他们受益之外,对他们的弟弟妹妹们也有好处——有研究表明幼儿在早晨更清醒,更愿意学习。
托福考试作文独立写作范文:视频游戏的好坏
Some people believe that video games could inspire young students' interest and make their study more efficient rather than distracting them and a waste of time, so young students should be allowed to play video games.
范文参考:
Many parents with young children fret about the addictiveness of computer games these days. While the negative effects ranging from addiction, increased aggression and various health consequences such as strain injuries get far more media coverage than the positives, there is now a wealth of research which shows that video games can actually be put into educational use and affect the brain's development
Firstly, games that are designed to help teach and “brain training” have long and enormous popular appeal. According to an experiment conducted by the University of California, game players show improved performance in perception, attention and cognition. One of the redeeming qualities of all games, even those with violent content, is enhanced information-processing, logic-thinking and problem-solving abilities in novel contexts. In fact, while playing game, your brain is in the learning mode constantly, to move to the next level, you are vigorously improving your hand-eye coordination, enhancing split-second decision making and boosting auditory perception. Moreover, other carefully-designed studies have shown that video games improve several aspects of brain activity, including multitasking. Considering Pac-Man as an example, in that game, you must navigate your character through a spatial layout while monitoring the separate paths of four additional objects, while keeping the overall goal of clearing the small pellets in memory, as well as keep track of the remaining large pellets.
Secondly, games that convey positive social messages never fail to boost the children's confidence, encourage cooperation and teamwork. Games help children feel a sense of achievement, through those puzzles, exploration and discovery, players learn to succeed in ways that our brains actually prefer. Most games are designed to introduce a new concept and then provide players with an opportunity to master it. Children are then free to explore and utilize and achieve success with this new skill, growing in confidence all the while. Besides, many games today emphasize the cooperative aspects of game play, in which two or more players need to work together to reach a common goal. Taking a game called “World of Warcraft” as an example, children as young as 10 years old are learning to delegate responsibility, promote teamwork and steer groups of people toward a common goal. As video games themselves are not created by just one person, it is essential for the game players to pool everyone's talents together in order to require the desired product.
Admittedly, it is worth to consider the real concerns that today's parents have with video games, but it is also worthwhile to consider the benefits and positive aspects that contemporary interactive entertainment choices provide. Digital media such as computer games could inspire young children's interest, grow their intelligence and offer them a chance to escape from the mounting academic stress, as long as coupled with strong parental and teacher involvement.
From all the discussions mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that today's young students should be allowed to play computer games for the tremendous benefits they bring.
托福
篇8:托福综合口语常见错误
托福综合口语常见错误汇总 这些错误一定要避免!
一.听力材料信息没说全
阅读的重要信息很好概括,问题多数出现在听力上。那怎么看信息有没有遗漏呢?首先,综合口语中的听力一定要记笔记。平时练习的时候,在做完口语题后,同学们要拿出听力文本读一下,对照着文本把重点画出来,然后反思自己刚刚听得过程中有没有遗漏这其中的要点,并且回看笔记,是否标记出了文章中的逻辑(逻辑词是否记的准确)。
二.依靠个人主观判断答题
我们都知道,答题要客观,不能加入自己的想法,但是很多时候我们答着答着就不自觉的跑偏了。跑偏情况主要有以下两种:
1.给某个结果多加入了前提条件
2.说的太简洁,没解释清楚
举个最常见的例子,本来是“因为A和B,所以C”,但你答得时候说成了“因为A所以C”。其实你如果回过头来再听自己的答案,这种错误很容易发现,但怕就怕在你自我感觉B这么常识性的内容没必要说,那这就是加入了你的主观想法了。
三.不了解评分标准
你答得必须是考官要听的。所以,平时对于口语的评分标准一定要重视起来。曾经一个口语考了27分的学生,他的语音真的没有优势,但他的逻辑就很对考官的“胃口”,完完全全是考官要什么,他就回答什么。即使语音语调平平,但最终也得到了27。所以你得搞清楚口语的key point在哪儿,改掉错误的答题习惯。况且本身口语就不是中国考生擅长的,所以咱们更得踏踏实实的弄透它。
以上是小站君为大家整理的托福综合口语常见错误,希望对大家备考有帮助。托福综合口语答题时一定要将听力材料中的观点表达完整,而且答案里不能根据个人主观臆断来答题,如果对综合口语评分标准不了解的话,建议在备考过程中看一遍OG。
托福口语高频话题解析:选室友最重要的品质
托福口语题目:无论是学习还是工作,大家都需要长期租房,那么在选择室友时,你认为以下哪一点最重要呢?干净、友好、卫生。
When studying or working, people, especially youngsters, constantly need to rent a room with others, from your experience, which quality do you think is the most important when choosing a roommate?
---cleanness
---friendliness
---quietness
参考答案:此处郝新宇老师选择的是干净,并分析了如果室友不爱卫生情况会是怎样恶劣,从而得出干净最重要这条结论。
Sample response:
In my view, when choosing a roommate, I attach great importance to cleanness, because I like to be clean and a clean environment makes me feel relaxed and cozy. If my roommateis lazy and careless about cleanness, then in my room there may be grease on the desk, rubbish and hairs on the ground, smelly smells in the room and so on, which will be uncomfortable for me. However, if my roommate pays much attention to cleanness, he and me may clean the room once a day, do chores in time, then the room will be very tidy and comfortable to live in. That’s my choice. Thanks.
以下是一些托福口语话题相关的词汇和词组,大家可以记下并组织属于自己的答案。
attach great importance to 认为……有重要意义
relaxed 放松的
cozy 舒适的
grease 油渍
smelly 有臭味的,发臭的
pay attention to 注意
do chores 做家务
tidy 整洁的
托福口语高频话题解析:教育孩子的方式
托福口语题目:一些人喜欢表扬孩子做得好的地方,另一些人更喜欢孩子做错了事给予惩罚,哪种教育方式在你看来更合适,为什么?请在你的回答中给出解释。
Some people prefer to praise the good things children have done; some people prefer to punish the bad things kids have done, which choice do you think is more appropriate and why? Give your explanations in your response.
参考答案:郝新宇老师更支持通过表扬的方式教育孩子,认为正向的鼓励更有助于增强孩子日后继续做出好的表现,而批评则可能导致孩子变得驯服和羞怯,对日后的成长都是不利的。
Sample response:
In my view, I think compliment is the best choice.
Compliment will make children feel motivated and they might be more likely to repeat the good things they have done. After listening the praise from parents, seeing the smiles from teachers, getting the recognition from others, children will feel a sense of achievement and happiness, they will know their deeds are beneficial to others and next time they will also do good things to others, such as picking up the rubbish on the road or respecting the elderly and so on. However, if always getting punishment or criticism from others, children might become timid and diffident, which is harmful to their growth.
以下是一些与这道托福口语话题相关的词汇和词组,为便于大家记忆,小编整理于此。
Compliment 称赞(praise同义词)
recognition 认可
feel a sense of ... 感到,后接n.
beneficial 有益的
criticism 批评
timid 胆小的;羞怯的
diffident 缺乏自信的;
托福综合口语常见错误汇总
篇9:托福综合写作常见错误
托福综合写作常见错误汇总
一.托福综合写作常见错误一:不注重写作质量
在综合写作中,ETS对于纯语言的考察明显是低于独立写作的。对比两者的评分标准即可见端倪。在综合写作的评分标准中,只有一条well-organized,而独立写作对于词、句、段、结构都有着详细的要求。那是因为,综合写作考的并非语言能力,而是考生抓取信息的能力。综合写作的考察形式其实很接近真正美国大学上课的模式,即在上课前阅读大量的材料,然后去听老师上课讲的内容,再自己进行消化吸收。
但是,考生需要注意两点:
1.大量影响理解的语言错误一定会被扣分。4分的评分标准中就有这么一条:A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.评分标准很直接的告诉了我们语法错误以及明显的错误会影响分数,也就是在综合写作中,很多同学会写成:the lecture point out而不是the lecture points out。同时,也可以学会去换同义词语,达到词汇的多样性,比如表示reading的词语就有:the article, the passage, the author, the writer,而表示听力的就有:the lecture, the listening, the speech, the speaker等等。
2.逻辑联系词非常重要!5档评分标准中最后都特别提到“connection of ideas”。这就说明考官需要的是一篇文章,而非一些观点事实的堆砌。考生需要把所得到的观点和事实连成一篇文章。因此,考生一定要记住:综合写作辞藻不必太华丽,但是要尽量避免语言错误,且逻辑关系一定要清楚。在弄清楚内容本身的逻辑关系之外,使用逻辑联系词也是非常必要的。
综合写作中常用的逻辑联系词有如下几种:
转折:in contrast, however, on the other hand, on contrary, while
顺序:first, second, third, first of all, secondly, also, finally, in the first place, furthermore, moreover
在写作中,将这些逻辑联系词穿插其中,再加上听到和读到的内容,也就是真正的“血肉”,综合写作拿满分即是轻而易举之事。
二.托福综合写作常见错误二:只作归纳不作论述
有时候同学会误以为只要大概讲清楚听力或者阅读之间的关系就可以了,其实不是这样的。有时候同学会用简单点词汇,比如disagree, dispute, argue等直接表达反观点的词汇来表达阅读与听力的关系,而这只是完成了写作要求的一半,根据评分标准我们可以看出,考官需要的是更多的细节辅助,不能只是总结出了阅读和听力的关系。因为对于同学们的总结能力有了进一步的要求。
OG的评分标准看似都是一些波澜不惊、无关痛痒的话,而其实深究下去,ETS的考官们早已把要求写在了字里行间,这就需要考生细细研读,仔细钻研,揣摩考官的用意,对症下药,方能轻松应对。同时搞清楚得分要点在哪里,才可以拿到高分。
三.如何备考托福综合写作
要想知道托福的考官到底考什么,我们有的也是仅有的最佳参考资料便是托福的官方指南了。很多学生将OG粗粗看了一遍,就扔在一边,理由是知道了题型就可以了,上面的题目反正也不会再考,看了也没用。而事实上,OG能给我们的绝不是告诉我们题型这么简单,它同时还给出了我们备考的思路和方向。如果没有领悟这些大方向,那么花再多的时间啃书做题也是事倍功半。可见,对于评分标准的正确、细致的解读是相当重要的。
托福考试作文独立写作范文:学校改善学生住宿环境的措施
You school want to improve the quality of students’ life in the dormitory. Which one of the following do you think the school should build in dorms?
1.Quiet study area
2. exercise room for students to keep physical well-being
3. room for entertainment
托福写作模板及参考答案:
写作范文参考:
9月25日托福独立写作范文
With the masses increase in affluence and awareness, college students tends to be spoiled with all kinds of well-equipped dorms. Private Jacuzzi, big screen TV set and even tanning salon are not rare on some college dorms. When it comes to the question of what the school should build in the dorm, I personally would say it is in the students’ best interest to build an entertainment room for the following reasons.
Admittedly, a quiet study room can provide a place for students to focus on their academic assignments and an exercising room affords them the opportunities to keep fit and stay in good shape, nonetheless, these facilities are redundant since an above-average university has at least one decent library and a recreation center for students and faculty members. Thus, it is not necessary to include such facilities in the campus dorms, and there are obvious benefits to build an entertainment room with home theater sets and video game consoles.
First off, an entertainment room provides students a chance to get away from busy life and study and switch off. As is known to all, college life can be overwhelming, students are constantly under lots of academic pressure, like presentations, group projects, final exams, so on and so forth. Barely do they have chance to release their pressure, fortunately with an entertainment room, they can watch movies or play video games together. As the saying goes, “all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”. Indeed, recent research on the correlation between leisure time and students’ academic performance conducted by National Association of Psychiatrists shows that a student with certain amount of time spent in doing entertainment activities are observed to have higher grade than those who don’t. Consequently, entertainment room helps to improve students’ academic performance.
Additionally, an entertainment room provides a chance for students to catch up with their peers and bond more with one another. When playing video games or watching movies together, not only can students escape from their busy schedule, but also they can get a chance to talk to other students who also live in the same dorm building. Students who happen to live in the same dorm might have totally different majors and areas of concentration, so connecting with each other can help students to gain more exposure in other fields. Plus, students can use their moments in the entertainment room to get to know others who are from different regions of the country or even from other part of the globe, by interacting with people who are from distinctive culture backgrounds students can broaden their horizons and have unique perspective on different things. Without an entertainment, students living on the same floor might be strangers for four years, which can be a nightmare.
In conclusion, it is more advisable for the university to build an entertainment room since it provides students a chance to switch off, and also students can catch up with their peers and bond more with one another.
托福考试作文独立写作范文:在决定长期工作前年轻人应尝试不同工作
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people should try several different jobs before they take a long term career.
(A/D) Young people should try different jobs before they take a long-term career.
题目大意:在决定长期工作之前,年轻人应该尝试不同的工作。此题并不难,思路也很容易想。建议,选择同意,理由一可以获得多种技能,理由二可以找到自己最合适的职业。
写作参考一:
Currently, with the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce, the job-hunting has been brought under the spotlight of the mass media. The senior and experts strongly proposed that young people should try different jobs before taking a lifelong career, while the youngsters may hold the opposite viewpoint. As far as I am concerned, the former view is more reasonable, with the reasons listed below.
In the first place, different jobs will equip the young with multiple skills and professional knowledge in various fields. As we know, the completion of every job, simple or complex, requires differing abilities and expertise in certain area. As a result, young adults who take different jobs will grasp the knowledge in a new area and increase their potential capability to a large extent, thus having the well-rounded development. To be specific, to be a waiter or waitress in a restaurant enables us to cultivate interpersonal skills since we may encounter tons of people from all walks of life. Being a manager will help to improve the organizational skills and leadership, because the successful running of a department depends on the ability of leaders. Undoubtedly, those people with more than one skills will have an edge over other competitors in the future job market.
In addition, another conspicuous benefit of taking different jobs before you settle on the lifelong career is that the young have the chances to find the most suitable position. It is never uncommon to hear that many employees who have worked for three or more years complain that the work they take is not what they are good at or what they like. Consequently, their enthusiasm or passion for their jobs is relatively in a low level, which has negative influence on the development of themselves and their company. The best way to deal with the above problem is to allow youngsters to try different types of work at first and take the one which suits them most. The experience of my friend, Kozer, is a good case in point. After graduating from the department of foreign languages in Beijing University, Kozer was recruited by a Foreign Trade Corporation due to his excellent English. Unfortunately, he was too introverted to communicate well with strangers, especially with foreigners. Then he resigned from the position and became a teacher in a high school. The same problem occurred again. Finally, realizing his own strengths and weaknesses from the above failures, he found that the most suitable position for himself was to be an editor for China Daily, the most famous English newspaper, because there was no need to talk with many people in this job.
Admittedly, some opponents may assert that it is not necessary for young adults to try different jobs, because it will waste lots of time and even make them miss out some opportunities. However, the above reasoning is far from the truth. To illustrate, only when we have experienced several different kinds of work can we find the one which most fits for us. So the time spent on every try is worthwhile.
In a nutshell, it is safe to conclude that young people should try different jobs before they take a long-term career, in order to gain more skills and find the most suitable position. (By Zhaobo,548words)
写作参考二:
The benefits and drawbacks of job hopping have never failed to be the center of debate among employees and employers, and human resource managers of corporations. While some people believe that constant job hopping brings more benefits than pitfalls, others state that the disadvantages of switching between jobs before settling down greatly outweigh the benefits. Personally, I think trying out different positions is beneficial to one’s future career based on the following reasons.
Admittedly, switching between jobs will make your employers suspicious about your judgment and question your commitment and loyalty to the company, however, the taking different jobs gives a professional countless benefits, like diverse background, broadened social network, better compensation and benefits, etc.
First off, more job experience provides an individual exposure to different industries and more professional experience, eventually it is conducive for someone to find his or her real expectation and ultimate career goal in the long run. In a small company, employees might have intimate and close friendships with each other, and there is no standard procedure of daily business operation. However, in a colossal corporation, employees have a clear professional boundary and they have to follow strict regulations and procedures when conducting business. Having a chance to work in both small and big companies will help individuals to know which type of company fits them best and they can choose their future career according to their preference. Also, having working experience in different industries and various sized companies makes the employees more flexible and adaptable in distinctive working environments. Future employees will value those who have exposure to a variety of challenges and can bring new ideas and changes to the company.
Additionally, working in different companies and industries gives an individual more opportunities to explore new social networks and thus enjoy a much more promising career in the near future. An individual can expand his or her social and professional networks after having worked in different places, where one can plant roots and farm relationships and eventually these connections will prove to be very helpful in the near future. This is especially true in today’s overly competitive job market, a dynamic and active professional network will probably help you to land better jobs in the future.
In conclusion, it is more advisable to take different jobs before settling down permanently since it brings more exposure in different industries, rich professional experience and a more dynamic professional connection
托福
篇10:托福听力笔记常见错误
托福听力笔记常见错误
一.听力笔记潦草看不懂
笔记潦草是很多考生在这个题目中不能有效的利用笔记帮助自己答题的一个很重要的原因,造成这种现状的原因主要有两个,一个是考生不熟悉哪些地方是应该记笔记的地方,所以在记笔记的时候主次不分,把该记的关键词和不该记的词汇比如冠词和介词等等都记下来了。其次,考生不熟悉笔记符号的使用,为了赶上音频的播放速度,考生在记笔记的过程中不由自主的加快写的速度,最终字迹潦草到自己也看不懂。
所以针对这种情况,小站君认为,考生在备考的时候一定要熟练的掌握在听听力的过程中,一定要学会灵活的使用托福听力十三原则,比如开头原则,段落中重复两次的地方必考,段落中的强调句型多引出分论点,针对上下文中明显的肯定或者否定的问答必考,段落中住论点下定义加举例的地方必考等等来记笔记。其次考生应该学会熟练的掌握笔记符号,要学会灵活的使用缩略词,字母和图像,数学符号,标点等等来记笔记。
二.听力笔记结构不清晰
很多考生在托福听力记笔记的时候不会根据文章的大概结构来记笔记,而是直接从左往右直接写满这一行才开始换行,在答题的时候,不能把理论和实践结合起来帮助自己答题。所以小站君认为,考生在记笔记的时候,一定要注意笔记的结构。托福听力考试中的文章一般采用总分结构,直线结构和对比结构来展开。比如考生在对对比结构的文章记笔记的时候,就要采用并列的结构来记,左边记A的特点,右边记B的特点,对比着来进行记忆。学会记托福听力笔记,对托福听力考生而言,是非常重要的事情。
托福听力需积累的词汇内容
一、通过广泛大量的阅读,了解英语词汇与社会、历史、政治和文化的内在联系,写出符合语言习惯并地道的表达出英语语言的逻辑性和连贯性的文章。
例如,英美人对ambitious 的理解与中国人截然不同。英美人对ambitious理解是一个带有中性色彩的词语,放在不同的语境中,其词汇的褒贬色彩也会产生不同的变化,对与多数中国人来说ambitious意味着“野心”,“野心勃勃”而在英美人的眼里ambitious还有“有抱负和远大理想”的含义,再如propaganda一词在中国并不带有西方人所理解的贬意;而First lady(第一夫人)绝不能理解为汉语的原配夫人,因此在写作中应特别注意这类词,否则会导致冒犯和误解。
由于东西方社会历史文化的差异,许多词所引申或代表的内容也大相径庭,Phoenix在西方象征“复活”、“再生”,而汉语的这一词却表示“祥瑞”。 Peach在汉语中象征“长寿”而在英语中却用以指代“特别讨人喜爱的人或物”。又比如在表示色彩的词中green是青春的颜色,常表示希望、活力,但在 英语中green又与“妒忌” (to be green with envy,green-eyed)和“没有经验的”(a greeh horn)联系起来。
如果没有广泛的阅读积累,养成经常查字典的良好习惯,单凭想当然地选词,势必会词不达意。即使同一事物,在美国和英国也可能 有不同的表达。例如:corn一词在美国指“玉米”而在英国泛扮“谷物”;“地铁”在英国用tube或under-groud美国则用subway。此类 的例子还有pave-ment/sidewalk,Chemists' shop/drug store等。
二、在英语写作中特别要注意同义和近义的词语的区别
选词时要考虑主题、对象及情景,由于历史的原因,现代英语除本族语外,还包括大量的法语和拉丁来源的饲,这就使英语的同义词相当丰富。总的来讲,英语本族语大多是 短词,小词,听起来朴素亲切,大量用于口头表达:法语来源的词庄重文雅,多与行政、宗教、军事、服饰等有关;拉丁来源的词,书卷味浓, 同义词除了来源的不同会 影响措词的选择外,它们在程度、感情色彩上也有不同。
即使同是褒义词,表达的感情色彩也不同。比如little和petite两个同义词当用来描绘女子时,都意为“个子小”的,但petite同时还有“匀称”的意 义,而little更强调“可爱的”或“可怜的”,根据不同的上下文,它还有“纤小”、“娇小”或“弱小”等不同意义。因此在选词表达思想时,一定要分清 主题,对象及情景。
另外让中国学生头痛的是一些同义词的习惯搭配。比如large和big都指“大”,但large通常用来修饰诸如 number,amount及quantity(a large nunlber of students,a large almount of money,a large quantity of wine,etc)。但象“勇气”,“信心”,”能力”、“智慧”等表示个人素质的名词,人们通常用呷碰而不用big或large来修饰。由此可见,在英 语写作实践中,区分同义词的用法是相当重要的。
三、考生应当注意英语词汇和中文词汇无法对应的部分的转化和表达
不是所有的英语词汇都有相应的汉语表达,一些不同的英语词汇也有可能用同样的汉语来表 达,这就使我们在用英语来表达思想对面临更多选择上的困难。比如family和home两词都可译成汉语的“家”,但它们却不是同义词。Family主要 指家庭成员,与人有关,而home主要指所居住的地点、住宅。Except和besides有时都译成同样的汉语“除了”,但他们的意思却是相反的。因此 我们不能依赖于单纯的汉语译意。否则我们可能会被误导。尽管许多英语对应的汉语词汇都能表达它们真正的意思,但往往有些英语词汇没有准确的汉语对应词;所 以只有在不同的上下文中才能确定它们真正的意思,比如send一词,如果单把它理解成汉语的“送”的话,象这样的句子“她送信给我”也许会被写成she sent me the letter.而英语准确的表达应是she brought me the letter.再如“他将送朋友去机场”,如果写成He will send his friend to the airpot。就又错了。正确的表达应该是He will go to the airpot with his friend to see him off. 实际上send sth to a place 应该是请别人送去,自己不去。因此,要确定我们所选的词是否准确、恰当,单凭查词典还不行。
托福听力:高分应怎么培养
1.首先,托福听力备考中磨耳朵很重要。 意思很简单,就是要多听。抓住一切可能的机会听英语。比如看美剧,看电影,听歌,听广播。给自己创造一个英语的环境,慢慢去适应它,喜欢上它。我们听英语可以不仅是在学习的时候,即便是休息也可以听,不用给自己规定太苛刻的计划。目的是在一种无意的状态下训练的是对英语语音的感觉和注意力,培养出英语的语感以及句子的段落感。这不仅是对于听力,对于口语也是很有帮助的。
2.其次,培养了一定的语感以后,可以采取用精听与泛听相结合的方法。
精听的选材很重要。比如托福历年的真题,就是很好的精听素材。在进行精听训练时,尽量可以保持一段时间。如果做一套真题,最好严格按照考试的时间进行训练,避免中间停顿,或是直接放弃。开始训练时,无论正确率如何,都应养成按时间完成一套题的好习惯。这样一来,一方面增加了集中注意力的时间;另一方面,也可以在真正考试时适应考试节奏。做完真题后,要认真的对照答案。将自己的错误标记出来,并总结原因。看看是因为审题的问题还是应为没有捕捉到听力材料中的关键信息。通过对出现的问题做针对性的练习来迅速提高正确率。
泛听与精听所不同的是,泛听可以广泛灵活的选择听力素材。每天可以抽出半个小时,新概念英语、托福听力练习,BBC、CNN等都可以拿来听。还可以通过收看一些英语的节目,这样不但练习了听力,也可以了解西方国家的文化和生活习惯。主要是培养兴趣,增加语感。
3.再次,在练习的过程中有意识的培养自己快速进入考试状态。精听的练习就可以放在早晨来做。通过一段时间的训练,可以帮助自己在固定的时间段保持注意力高度集中,这样对托福的听力考试是很有帮助的。在平时的听力训练中要注意根据自己的听力情况及时的调整重心。比如一开始听时可以选择稍微简单一点的材料,循序渐进。刚开始坐托福听力时,同一套题可以做多遍,直到完全听懂。坚持这样精听与泛听相结合的方法则可以迅速的提高托福听力。
托福听力
篇11:托福作文常见错误及问题剖析
托福作文常见错误及问题剖析
1、不一致(Disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等。
例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to 。(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么。)剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)
2、修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。
剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末。
3、句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。
例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。
剖析:本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。
改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。
4、悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。
例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时,但没有说明 谁十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了。
改为:
When I was ten, my grandfather died。
例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential。
剖析:句中不定式短语 to do well in college 的逻辑主语不清楚。
改为:
To do well in college, a student needs good grades。
5.词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)
词性误用常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等。
例1. None can negative the importance of money。
剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。
改为:
None can deny the importance of money。
6、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid。
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid。
例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself。
剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为:
We can also know society by serving it ourselves。
7、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:There are many ways。 以及We get to know the outside world。。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为:
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
8、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的.时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析:显然,考生把obstacles障碍,障碍物误作substance物质了。另外the increasing use (不断增加的使用) 应改为abusive use (滥用)。
改为:
The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。
9、累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:
In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。
本句的the fact that he is lazy系同谓语从句,我们按照上述能用词组的不用从句
可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him。
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。
改为:
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。
10、不连贯(Incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1. The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth。
剖析:The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。
改为:
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world。
篇12:托福独立口语常见错误有哪些
托福独立口语常见错误有哪些
一.答题语速过快
流利其实是托福口语评分标准之一,但是发现有很多同学对流利的理解就是语速快,其实这完全是两码事。
语速过快往往会直接导致吐字不清,并且还很容易让考官听不懂,而且如果你的语言功底本身就不好的话,那么你在很快的语速下我会出现更多的语法和发音上的错误,这是会减分的。
那什么是流利?只有适中的语速,加上合适的语气停顿,并且还能够在规定时间内说完整要说的全部要点。如果你现在还达不到这么完美的程度的话,那么请你先让保证自己吐字清楚!因为clear也是托福口语的评分标准之一哦!
二.答题方向跑偏
其实答题方向是不能偏对于不同的题的,我们是完全可以套用同一个论点的,但是必须要确保接下来论证的方向不能跑偏,考生一定要确保正确的答题方向!
举个例子感受下,比如“请描述下你最喜欢的课外活动”和一个“请描述下你认为对你最有意义的课外活动”:这两个题,我们其实都是可以套用常用的一个志愿活动的段子“教低年级的学生读课文”,这个点是好的,但是往下展开的时候大家就要注意了。
如果你说的是“因为在读书的过程中,他们可以还会学会很多字词,增长知识”那小站君觉得这一点往往更适合于阐述“这个课外活动的重要性”,而且“通过教学生们课文,他们还学到了新知识,这带给了我sense of achievement”那这一点其实更适合于阐述“我为什么喜欢做课外活动”。所以,同一个事情,它所展开的方向必须要不同,这样往往会适用于不同的题!
托福口语提分:如何从Chinglish的字正腔圆过渡到流畅自然
1、清晰流畅:必须尽量做到使自己的语言流畅、清晰、易懂,要以较流畅的语速表述自己的观点。
2、发音标准:这点对你拿高分,有很重大的意义。如果保留了很浓重的中文方言口音的话,23分或者以上基本是无缘了。
3、自然停顿:停顿也很重要,不能深吸一大口,一次性说话。不能语速很慢,故意拖时间。
4、自然语调:说话带有感情,重音和弱读都得体现出来。
口语确实是听说读写里面最直接体现英文水平的一个环节,也是最容易露怯的一个环节。
说了这么多!到底制约口语提高的因素有哪些呢?
主要还是时间、环境、方法以及一点点的天赋。
时间投入肯定是最重要的!没有足够量的时间投入,量变无法引发质变。永远都是废的。所以课上学到的知识点,如果没有通过课后自己主观的去反复练习,根本没办法正真的吸收,到时候还是还回来了。这个道理大家肯定都懂。
其次是环境因素,在外国待很久或者是国际学校的学生肯定会对说英文或者听英文觉得很正常,反而中文会比较蹩脚。我之前教过一个世外的小学生,属于羞于开口型的,但是去美国读书之后,整个人性格都变得比较开朗,英文也很地道,这就是受环境影响的一个很大的因素,进步非常明显。
然后是练习方法,我们今天要讲到的方式就是长期提升语言能力的方法。还有就是短线,主要是应付托福这种标化考试的技巧性的方法。不管怎样,长线的练习是必不可少的。毕竟语言能力好的人可以不依赖方法,直接碾压考试。但是语言能力差的人,就算借助最好的方法论,也是于事无补的。
说到方法,有一个很好的方法就是模仿,说到模仿,我们首先得认清中英文的不同。中文是颗粒感非常足的语音,中文讲究enunciation,也就是逐字逐句的发音都要特别清楚。正统而言,我们非常标准的普通话,播音腔,就得字字精准,不容得任何连音或者嘴瓢的现象出现。但是英文语音,存在大量的连音和省音。听上去是非常顺滑,并且变化多端的。很多学生总是想去模仿,但是经常模仿失败,产生气馁的心情。你应该怎么做呢?就是重复!
有同学喜欢看美剧,但是他们看美剧的方法特别的娱乐性,没有灵魂,没有教育意义。我自己看美剧的一个方法可以说是疯狂复读法,精分演绎法,注意这里不是说普通的复读,是一定要演出来,作为一个戏精,带入自己做作的感情,开始的时候你可能觉得自己太剑走偏锋了,但是复读到了一定的程度之后,你可能就会找到一个平衡点,一切都会自然很多。
先把每句话念顺,或者退一步,每个词念顺,或者再退一步,每个字都认清念顺。然后仔细听,哪个音还在,哪个音省略了,哪个音变弱读了。
?初期纠正音素阶段的复读就是在给它浇水,让它长成小树苗。
?之后摸索连音省音阶段的复读就像是等待小树苗慢慢成熟,漫长而痛苦,自己很难感受到快速进步的喜悦,反倒更多的是不断重复的疲乏,困于瓶颈的束缚。
?进入进阶阶段,连音省音趋于自然,注意力会转移到语音语调的形成。讲话开始追求母语者那种随性的自然感,这也是从细节到整体的提高的一个转变。
?这个阶段下来口语的大树基本就形成了。后面的重心又重新从回归细节,为大树添枝加叶。
Shadowing和Repetition的关系不是两者必选其一啊,很多人会问:“Shadowing好还是简单的Repetitive imitation好呢?”It doesn’t have to be the one or the other!小孩才做选择,我全都要!
Shadowing不能一蹴而就,必须是进阶技巧,前提是整段文字的意思和感情你都基本掌握了。可能Shadowing对新手不友好,比较适合进阶难度的英文学习者。对话情绪和所有单词你必须得非常熟悉才有可能在短时间内反应过来并开始跟读。我建议找到适合自己水平的美剧,适合自己兴趣的美剧(兴趣非常重要,决定你是不是能够持之以恒做下去),关闭字幕,注意力集中在听觉上。视觉锁定在说话者的面部表情和嘴部动作上。
为什么呢?因为中文发音大都依靠口舌即可,而英文发音有很多音素需要面部运动,很多小细节很多小不同,都值得我们反复推敲。
最后,虽然我是托福口语老师。而托福是一门目的性很强的标化考试,但是我并不希望各位同学们在备考的过程中保有很明显的功利性,给自己巨大的压力。语言学习本身可以是非常纯粹的自我精进,而不是以通过任何一个考试为唯一目的的。一旦你的功利心过高,就会设定一些盲目的,不切实际的目标,抱有不切实际的期许。
学习技能本就该是熟能生巧,相信自己的同时也要脚踏实地,正视自己。这样才能更好的突破自己。
托福口语评分标准解读--说得越快分越高?
因为只有当我们知道了分数的计算的时候,才能更好的了解这背后的意义,才能更好的帮助我们有针对性的提升成绩。
其实,口语的每个回答的分数会有以下5种可能:
Good 4分
Fair 3分
Limited 2分
Weak 1分
No response/ Irrelevant to the topic 0分
由此可见,每道题目的满分实际上是4分。那么这样的得分又是怎样变成0-30分的呢?
其实这是ETS(托福出题机构)运用了自己的一种计算方式:首先6道题的分数相加并除以6,这样就得到了一个初始分数(Raw Score)。然后再把个初始分数兑换成0-30的分数(Scaled Score)。
首先,托福口语给人的第一感觉就是很难啊:有些时候没有思路,碰到题就觉得15秒钟的准备时间实在是太短了,根本想不出来思路;再有的时候就是语言组织和表达的问题,很多想说的话,但无法用英语流利顺畅地表达出来。
但实际上,达到托福口语满分或者高分,真的需要我们思维无比敏捷,真的需要我们在语言的储备上做到像Native Speakers那样吗?我们接下来就通过两个托福口语的Sample Responses(范例回答)来解释这个问题吧。
题目:
Do you prefer experienced teachers or taught by teachers with no experiences?
在听完了这两个范例回答之后,各位的第一反应是什么?会觉得都还不错?还是会觉得略有差异呢?
如果我现在让你给这两个回答用托福的方式(1)(2)(3)(4)来打分呢?(1分为最低,4分为最高满分)
答案是:这两个回答都是满分的回答。
这也许会让屏幕前的你感到困惑,你也许会说:第一个回答明显语速较慢,用词或者句式也过于简单啊。没错,但即使这样,也仍然不妨碍这是一个满分的回答。接下来我给大家分析一下这里面的道理。
首先,这两个回答都展现出了说话者优秀的口语水平。
虽然第二个回答当中有一些相对高级的词汇,或者是专业的名词;同时语速也比第一个要快很多,内容也更多,但是大家要知道托福考试归根结底考的还是语言。她并不是考察我们对某一个专业知识是否充分了解,也不是在考察我们对某一个事物是否有过背景的了解和学习,更不是我们是否能把英语说的无比的高大上。
ETS(托福出题机构)关于托福口语的研究报告已经明确指出:托福口语的独立回答题(第1题和第2题)其实是在考察一个能力,它是在模仿北美上课的时候,学生是否具备回答老师提问的能力。所以只要这个同学在考试的时候展现出了他足以用英语来回答老师提问的能力,这实际上就已经完全足够了。
所以,我们回过头来再听一下第一个回答,虽然这个回答你会觉得思路上非常的简单;语言表达上也没什么难点,甚至你可能觉得这就是小学生的英语水平。但是你恰恰忽略的一点就是这两个回答在英语的实力上,其实是旗鼓相当的。因为他们都能够选择出准确的用词来表达自己的想法,同时也都能够流利地给出句式和句型。
所以在这种情况之下,这两个回答就都是满分。这也印证了官方给出的关于托福口语高分的唯一标准:
“communicate ideas effectively”
—TOEFL Official Guide (5th Edition) page 1
基于这样的评分标准之上,我所给出的建议就是:我们在考试的时候或者我们在答题的时候并不一定追求用英语专业的,复杂的,无缝的,快速的表达自己的想法;而是应该追求用英语把简单的想法表达清楚,表达明白。其实这样就可以了。还是那句话,因为这个考试考察的是你的语言能力,而不是你对某一个事物是否有着很深刻的见解。
今天,只是一个系列的开篇。我们之后会通过更多的文章更具体地帮助你了解托福,战胜托福。换句话说,来具体分析究竟何为“communicate ideas effectively”以及如何能够做到“communicate ideas effectively”。
最后,来总结一下:我承认得到托福口语高分的方法有很多种。但是,准确的把握考试评分标准并能够高效的帮助同学们取得理想的成绩,在教学的过程中让大家只做那些有意义的事从而减少学生的学习时长,才是我始终坚持的教学理念。
篇13:托福写作8类常见错误分析
拼写错误是在写作考试中常见的错误,考试界面中敲单词的时候,系统并不会像在Word中打字的时候“好心”的提示我们拼写错误,所以在平常练习中,同学们要注意汇总易错单词,并及时复习。
比如:
quite 相当 quiet 安静地
affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响
adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行
angel 天使 angle 角度
dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记
.......
篇14:托福写作8类常见错误分析
在英语写作中,一般情况下,主语和谓语是句子的主干成分,也是一个句子不可或缺的两种成分,但是有些同学在写长句子时很容易出现句子不完整这种错误。
例如:In this era of rapid social and technological change leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displancement,both positive and negetive effects among persons in Western society.
剖析:这个句子中首先包括很长的一个修饰成分——时间状语 “In this era of rapid social and technological change”,而后出现了主语 “both positive and negetive”,但是却漏掉了谓语和宾语 “call for a balance”。
篇15:托福写作8类常见错误分析
当使用连词将一系列的单词联接起来的时候,应当使用词性相同或同一类型的短语。
例如:I was able to raise my TOEFL score by studying hard and I read lots of books.
剖析:在这句话中,and前后都应该是相同的动名词的形式,所以应该改成:by studying hard and reading lots of books.
篇16:托福写作8类常见错误分析
言简意赅其实也是一种能力。句子短小精悍,实际上比为了凑字数而写出不必要的长句要有用得多。因此我们的原则是:能用单词的就不用词组,能用词组的就不用从句。
例如:Considering the fact that the problem is very complex,the government needs to take more targeted measures.
剖析:本句的 “the fact that the problem is very complex” 系同谓语从句,按照上述的原则,我们可以用词组complexity of problem来替换这个从句。
篇17:托福写作8类常见错误分析
不间断句子 (Run-on Sentences) 指的到底是什么呢?请看下面的例句。
例如:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways。” 以及 “We get to know the outside world.” 但简单地把它们连在一起就不太妥当了。
改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.
篇18:托福写作8类常见错误分析
词性误用 (Misuse of Parts of Speech) 指的是考生在写作的过程中,不考虑单词的词性和词法功能,单纯地从词义对照的角度出发来运用单词,从而造成病句。
例如:I against these rules because they are not so good.
剖析:本句是典型的词性误用,against 是一个介词。需要与be 动词一起构成谓语成分。
托福写作常见错误六 代词意义不明确
指代不清是指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者出现前后代词不一致的情况。
例如:Alice and my sister are neighbors, and she always invites her to her house.
剖析:在这句话中,读者无法明确地判断这两位姑娘到底是谁邀请谁去家里做客。所以在写作中,我们应该尽量避免容易引起误解的代词,将所指对象加以明确,方便理解。
改为:Alice and my sister are neighbors, and she always invites my sister to her house.
篇19:托福写作8类常见错误分析
不连贯主要指的是两个句子缺乏逻辑上的联系,前文不搭后语,或者连接词使用的不准确。这也是考生最常犯的一个错误。所以在练习写作时,必须要有意识地加强句子之间的逻辑。例如:Home-working enables employees to make a better balance between career and family. Working at home can free people from the sudden changes of weather.
剖析:乍一看,这两句句子表达清晰,用词正确,好像没有什么错误,但却忽略了两句句子之间的联系。两句话都是描述在家工作的优点,我们可以用 “what’s more”、”in addition” 等词来表达一种递进关系,这样就使文章的层次更丰富。
单词拼错、缺少句子成分和不加标点符号这几类错误通常是由于粗心导致的,大家只要在写托福写作时多留意就能避免这些错误,其他错误则是由于语法或者词汇基础不够好导致的,需要大家在平时备考中多去弥补这些方面的知识。
托福写作的三个重要标准
第一,连接词过渡句
任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词(路标词),因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的“导航坐标”;大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词,用于文章每个段落的段首;包括有表示“第一,第二,第三”等的连接词。但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构,因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词,包括“比如说,因为,但是,相对比而言”等,粗略估计,全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的路标词,不仅承接了全文,结构清晰明了,而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。以下为常用连接词:
1, 第一:in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/ first of all/ first/ firstly
2, 第二:in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/ second/ secondly
3, 第三:in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly
4, 一方面、另一方面:on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another
5, 表原因:because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to
6, 表结果:so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence
7, 表举例:for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate
8, 表承接:besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/ additionally
9, 表转折:but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless
10,表比较对比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary
…
当然,仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的,适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段,如Official Guide To The New TOEFL P263中有一篇关于DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出现多处明显的段落过渡句,如第三段首“After stating that everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling…”用来承接上下两段,以引出自己的观点看法;第五段首“Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite…”等都明显具备良好的过渡功能,让全文更加流畅舒服,朗朗上口。
第二,内在论证统一
Official Guide To The New TOEFL这一官方指南中也明确在写作部分提到“但要知道,仅仅使用第一,第二这样的连接词并不能保证作文结构的严谨,还要注意让所有的观点与文章的主题相关,紧扣中心思想。换句话说,作文要有统一性,评分原则中提到的统一性,渐进性和连贯性这些都是评估作文结构是否严谨,读者能否比较容易地跟上作者思路的标准。”通过上段叙述,我们不难发现作文论证统一性的重要性。
而事实上这也正是被许多考生所忽略的问题。在拿到试题后,考生们不是先腾出时间构思结构框架,而是急着抓住哪怕是一分钟的时间动笔写作,其实如此的选择是要不得的,建议各位考生在考试时不要舍不得这准备的时间,正所谓“磨刀不误砍柴功”;因为只有当你事先构思好而不是边想边写,你才能真正做到论证内容的一致性,观点与论据的统一性,也才能真正取得高分。另外,用最直白的作答应对题目的提问,用单边的手段安排整篇文章成5段的总分总思路是十分适用的。
托福考试写作立意技巧
1, 要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否,一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用,比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变,是事实,且未对生活质量有直接明显影响,就应该避免用作主要论点。
2, 要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变,破题时觉得不无可能,真落笔时却不知道由何说起,如果选了这一条为一个主要论点,结果是我说了一句话就走人,那还不如选个能下笔,能展示语言功底,也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。
3, 选择的无论是2个还是3个论点,内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意,就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么,明确立场。然后站在这个立场上,挑选支持自己的论点。
托福写作破题结束后,第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程,而立意,则是要把思维收回来,组织化,理清它的脉络纹路,让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好,准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱,应该以什么标准判断呢?笔者认为,能说服读者的议论,在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则:三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉,但要符合一条明线:支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择,不仅遵循上面的原则,三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成,回味无穷。
立意的地一步,按照上面的原则看,当然是先确定观点。以题目为例,笔者愿意选择否,食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。
确定观点后,破题时得到的思维方向,明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条,虽然速食文化的确对人体有害,但另一项速食:生疏和熟粗粮,就是向有益方向改变的,两者势均力敌,仅管是很容易想到,也很容易举例论证的论点,却不宜使用,因为如此贸然用了,有思维不缜密之嫌。然而,这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头,如果其他论点都不好论证,还可以回头捡起这一条来,隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文,当然,这依然是下下之选。
托福写作8类常见错误分析
篇20:托福口语常见的错误训练方法
托福口语常见的错误训练方法
托福口语备考常见错误做法:缺乏造句能力
托福考生在面对口语时常会缺乏自信,而这种缺乏自信的表现之一就是不敢自己造句子。这些同学在面对不知道怎么表达某些内容的问题时,宁可去查询各类电子翻译软件工具也不愿意自己去尝试造句,或是缺乏基础的语法和句式方面的知识,又或者只是单纯地不相信自己的能力。而这种无法造句不敢造句的问题将会对大家之后的口语训练造成很大的负面影响。
改正方法:对于存在这个问题的同学来说,首先需要明确一点,那就是托福口语对于大家在句式语法方面的要求其实并不高,并没有规定考生必须要张口就能说出各种结构复杂的句式。大家只要能够合理的搭配使用好一些简单基础的句子,再加上几个常用的从句,就完全能够满足口语考试对于考生的句式要求了。
因此,考生只需要找一本语法书来,加深一下对英语句式成分和几种简单句式从句的相关知识,就完全可以依靠自己来组织句子,如果大家还是觉得不放心,那么再参考几篇各类托福口语的高分范文例子学习其中的句式用法,相信也能让各位同学更有自己造句的底气。
托福口语备考常见错误做法:不敢用英语开口表达
缺乏口语自信的另一个表现就是不敢开口用英语来表达。小编认识好几位托福考生,他们的托福写作文章都写得非常好,看得出其实是很有想法英语水平也很不错的同学。但这些同学在口语方面往往表现就比较糟糕,并不是肚子里没货面对题目无话可说,而是在此之前就不敢开口表达,总觉得自己发音不到位很容易说错丢人等等。抱有这种心态的同学,托福口语基本上就没法好好练习了,得不到提升也在所难免。
改正方法:小编一直觉得这种情况纯属心理问题,想要解决这个问题关键就在于调整心态树立开口自信。具体做法也并不复杂,觉得开口容易出错丢人,那么就先找没人的地方开口练习。托福考生中的绝大部分都是在校学生,学生要找个没人的教室甚至空旷的操场相信难度应该不大吧,找一个这样的场所开口说,不管说对说错,总之先把开头的勇气和自信提升上来是第一步。
接下来大家可以尝试把自己的口语用录音的方式录下来,之后通过自己反复听来进行发音方面的纠错,毕竟不敢开口不就是怕发音不规范出错吗?把发音纠正好自然就有自信了。总而言之,托福口语备考肯定是需要多做发音练习的,毕竟口腔也有肌肉记忆,哪怕是很熟悉的词汇如果平时说得不够多到了考场上照样会说不出或者发音变形。另外,托福口语只是对着电脑说,而不像隔壁雅思还得对着真人说,这样一想其实托福口语也就并不需要那么紧张了吧?
托福口语备考常见错误做法:没有限时的意识
缺乏时间概念和限时训练的意识,也是托福考生练习口语时较为常见的一个问题。大家可能在刚开始接触托福考试的时候觉得口语只要能出来说得到位就好,但却忽视了托福口语部分的一个重要考点,那就是时间限制。考生能够开口答题的时间是很有限的,口语中每道题目的答题时间甚至都是按秒计算的。备考中没有进行限时计时的训练,就会导致考生在实战中因为说不完来不及说而被扣分。
改正方法:大家在备考托福时一定要有这样一个概念:托福口语光是会说能说还不够,在限制时间内把想说的话完整准确地表达出来才是关键所在。因此,从口语备考进入实际练习的环节开始,考生就需要按照不同题型的时间要求来进行限时练习,把在规定时间内说完作为最基本的训练目标。
大家在进行口语训练时需要随时做好计时工作,每答一道题目都要进行计时,对于计时结果也需要分析汇总,如果是说得太慢到了时间还没说完,那么就需要考虑如何提升回答速度,从语速或是精简优化内容质量等方面来进行强化。而如果是说得太快提前较多时间说完,那考生还需要想办法填充口语内容,或是学习一些能够占满时间的标准套话,比如that’s why I believe+自己观点,或者that’ all, thank you for listening.等等。通过上述训练方式,小编相信大家就能在限时中顺利发挥出实力了。
托福口语如何做好基础备考
要想突破IBT口语,首先还是要实实在在的从基础做起。口语是个累积的过程,那么平日的练习必不可少。就IBT考试的出题重点来看,还是主要针对校园生活。所以平日可以在这方面多放一些注意力。多听听有关这方面的资料,可以起到事半功倍的效果。
另外,还要求考生具备在英语环境下听课并作课堂笔记的能力。所以平时要学会做笔记,这也是IBT考试的一个新的特点,在写作中也用得到。再者,要锻炼比较、总结并阐述自己观点的能力;及能够用英文处理校园生活中出现的问题的能力。这些对口语分数的提高都有很大的帮助。
就IBT考试出题的题型来看,主要是独立型和综合型. 所谓独立题型就是我们传统的考试题型,一问一答的形式。有十五秒的准备时间,然后用四十五秒钟将回答通过麦克风录入电脑. 综合题型是综合了读---READING, 听---LISTENING和说---SPEAKING 三种能力融合在一起进行测试的,对于中国考生来说是一种新的题型。
考试过程中先提供一篇很短的文章,用四十五秒钟读完.然后再听一段同样主题的文章.然后用三十秒对所读所听和两部分内容进行综合,比较,归纳,总结,最后在六十秒内将之通过麦克风录入电脑. 所以这类题型中对听力能力的要求也是非常高的,而非单纯的我们传统的口语考试。刚开始做这类题型的时候,建议可以先把答案落实到书面上。
因为开始接触这样的试题,头脑中一定会很乱,不知道该从何说起,可能会东一句,西一句的,毫无条理性。所以落实到书面上这样一个过程就是帮助整理你的思路。如果真的很难回答出来,就像写作文一样,一字一句的把答案写下来。然后大声读熟,再重新回答问题。这样把一套题目练熟之后,再进行下一套题目的练习。
经过一段时间之后,就可以只列出纲要,再根据纲要回答问题。最后一个阶段就是像正式考试一样,脱口回答问题。在练习的过程中除了要注意内容的完整性和条理的清晰性之外,还要注意语音和语调的标准,这是个漫长的过程,一定要从平时做起,要多多注意。例如,遇到这样的一个题目,可以先把它落实到书面上:
What place or landmark in your country do you recommend that other people visit?
在看到这样一个题目的时候, 先在脑海里搜索你所熟悉的place或者landmark. 找到以后,再筛选题目. 找到一个比较容易说的题目并且最好是大家所熟悉的话题.接下来就要想回答内容的支撑点. 然后再展开,分别找到其他的论据来论证它. 至少要说2-3个论据, 这样才更有说服力. 例如:
I recommend people go to Beijing, the capital city of China, for the following several reasons. First, Beijing is the best representative of a conventional Chinese city. It has numerous historic places like the great wall and the summer palace from which people can learn a lot about Chinese long history and rich culture. I recommend BJ also because it is china’s commercial center with high buildings stand against the sky. People can go shopping in the large shopping centers like international trade center. Anyway, if one can visit only one city in China, then the best choice is BJ since you can enjoy its beauty as well as prosperity.
Describe an object that is very special in your life. Explain why this object is important to you.
The object that is special for me is the book Harry potter one. I cherish it very much for the following several reasons. First, it is a present that my mother gave to me as my eleventh birthday gift. Second, after reading this book, I found books are actually amazing; the plots in it are quite impressive. And then, I developed an interest in reading books. I really appreciate that the book brings me to this fantastic world. Finally, by talking about the book, I meet so many friends that have the common interest of me. Therefore, this book is truly special for me, I’ll cherish it forever.
这样来回答就足够了. 实际上只要回答的内容完整,可以较好的支撑你的论点, 并且具有条理性就可以了. 还有就是要多多注意发音,发音好可以为你的口语提分不少.接下来就是读,再回答问题,相信经过一段时间的练习可以看到很明显的提高的。
在IBT口语考试中,切记不要兜圈子回答问题,而是要马上切入主题。因为独立回答部分的时间为45秒钟,其它的题目回答时间也只有60秒钟。要是慢慢的谈,很可能在最后因为时间不够,没能表述自己的观点。
托福口语:重点练习的话题
1. There’s a summer job you want at a company where aunt works. Do you plan to apply for the job on your own or do you prefer to ask your aunt to put in a good word for you. Include the advantages and disadvantages of your choice in your explanation.
2. A person can travel to a country in one of two ways. One is to really take a trip. The others is to travel virtually by reading books and articles. Which do you prefer? Include the advantages and disadvantages of your choice in your explanation.
3. Spring cleaning is a popular time for people to throw out things they don’t need anymore. Some people sell these things. Others like to give things away to a charity where someone else might be able to use them. Do you prefer to sell or to donate things you have no use for anymore? Include the advantages and disadvantages of your choice in your explanation.
4. Should film or television be censored or should we be free to choose what we see? What is your opinion? Include the advantages and disadvantages of your choice in your explanation.
5. You have heard that a retail store giant plans to move into your town and open a big store. Do you think they should stay out or do you prefer that they move in? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this event in your community.
6. Some say you can learn a new language in your own country. Others think you need to go to a country where that language is spoken. Which one do you prefer? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
7. People make decisions about their food everyday. Some prefer to prepare and eat all their meals at home. Others eat at restaurants and food kiosks. Compare and contrast the two choices. (Kiosk: a place that serves drinks and food in the park.
托福口语
篇21:托福听力考试哪些错误原因较常见
托福听力考试哪些错误原因较常见?了解这7类问题有效提升正确率
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:原文信息漏听
这是比较常见的一种错误原因,在听音过程中,由于种.种原因导致考点细节漏听,种.种原因可能包括:
1.听音基础不好,比如单词量少,语法差导致各种听不懂
2.由于听力材料语速较快,思路跟不上语速
3.由于外界干扰走神儿或者习惯性注意力不集中
解决方法:
1.做听写、背单词、学语法提升基础听音能力
2.做跟读模仿提升信息处理速度
做连续听音练习提升听音耐力或做抗干扰练习,比如做听力时,同时播放英文电视广播等
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:选项单词不认识
选项中的单词不认识直接导致选项无法正常翻译理解。
举个例子:
Why does the professor discuss refugia? (Click on 2 answers)
A. To explain that the location of coralwithin a reef affects the coral's ability to survive
B. To point out why some coral species aremore susceptible to bleaching than others
C. To suggest that bleaching is not asdetrimental to coral health as first thought
D. To illustrate the importance of studyingcoral that has a low vulnerability of bleaching
这道题B选项中的susceptible,C选项中的detrimental,D选项中的vulnerability很多同学不认识,不知其意,所以在选择答案时出现困难。
解决方式:
课后通过单词书大量积累词汇,做题时在文章中和选项中积累生词,形成自己的生词本。
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:选项翻译错误
由于对句子成分辨识不清,导致翻译出错。
举个例子:
What point do the speakersmake about the background of The Dreamer?
A. It is a good example ofBeaux's unusual style of brushstroke.
B.It resembles the backgrounds ofother Beaux portraits.
C.Its lack of clarity emphasizesthe theme of the painting.
D.It is meant to suggest thatthe woman is in a dark room.
这道题的正确答案为C,正确翻译是:缺少清晰度的背景强调了这幅画的主题
很多同学把这句话中的lack看成了谓语动词,翻译成:背景没有清晰的强调这幅画的主题,和正确的翻译截然相反,导致选错。
解决方法:
仔细研究语法,确定好词性和句子成分。
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:形近词看错
由于把选项中的形近词看混,或者把某个词看成另外一个形近词,导致理解错误。
举个例子:
What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The environmental effects of heap roasting
B. The reforestation efforts in the Copper Basin
C. The process of mining and producing copper
D. Damages caused during an attempt to clean up industrial waste
有部分同学把AB选项中的effect和effort看混,或者把B选项中的reforestation看成deforestation,导致理解的意思截然不同,所以选错。
解决方法:
仔细审题审选项,二次检查。
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:没有关注单词复数
在内容主旨题中,做主语的名词的单复数有截然不同的意义,如果是复数名词则意味着这篇讲座必须讲解多个事物或者从多角度多方面讲解某个事物,如果此篇讲座只讲解了单一事物或一个方面,则复数选项为错,很多同学没有仔细关注单复数的变化,导致选错。
举个例子:
What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. An architect from the United States and a house design she created
B. The disadvantage of houses based on a square design
C. Difficulties faced by residential architects in the nineteenth century
D. Women who had a major influence on architecture in the United States
这道题的正确答案为A,很多同学选D,D选项的主语是women,而这篇讲座只讲了一个女建筑师的事情,所以排除D。
解决方法
仔细辨识单复数结合原文综合思考。
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:由于某个关键词而选择该答案
托福听力陷阱选项中有一种迷惑型极强的选项,里面包含了原文中的某些关键词,但是整句话做了细节篡改导致似是而非,有些同学由于只看到关键词而没有仔细翻译整个选项的意思就做出选择导致选错。
举个例子:
What characteristic of no to the nioids helps them survive in subfreezing temperatures?
A. They maintain an unusually high body temperature.
B. A special tissue in their eyes enables them to see through ice.
C. Special proteins make their blood circulate too fast to freeze.
D. Ice crystals in their bodies are prevented from growing large enough to harm them.
这道题原文中的表述是no to the nioids这种南极鱼由于体内有某种蛋白质导致它们能在零度以下的水温里生存,很多同学看到C选项中的proteins直接选择了改答案,但是整句话中对proteins的解释和原文是不符的,是典型的细节迷惑型选项,正确答案为D,对proteins的正确解释。
解决方法:
了解这种细节迷惑型选项的普遍存在性,注意解题时精确思考避让。
托福听力常见扣分错误盘点:对题型的解题思路不熟
由于对题型的解题思路理解不透彻,不遵守,主观排除正确答案。
举个例子:
What had the man assumed about human impact on the environment?
A. That human impact on the environment is difficult to measure
B. That humans have only recently had an impact on the environment
C. That human impact on the environment is always harmful
D. That human impact on the environment cannot be avoided
这道题正确答案是C,很多同学认为C选项的描述过于绝对或者不符合事实所以直接主观排除,但是这道题的题干是一道转述型细节题,即问的是文中的男生过去认为人类对环境的影响是什么情况?C选项确实是原文中男生的想法。
解决方法
仔细研究托福听力部分的7种题型,遵守相应的解题原则。
托福听力讲座热门话题高频学科术语词汇分类汇总:地质学词汇A-H
托福听力讲座类地质学话题词汇整理:首字母A-H词汇一览
active volcano 活火山
alien 不同的
altitude 海拔
aluminum 铝
Antarctic (Antarctica) 南极的
apply应用
aquifer蓄水层
archipelago 群岛
Arctic 北极
arid干旱的
atmosphere大气
aurora 极光
Autarkic Circle 南极圈
barren贫瘠的
basin 盆地
bay 海湾
canal运河
canyon峡谷
cataclysm 灾难;大洪水;地震
cavern (cave) 大洞
channel (strait) 海峡
chilly寒冷的
cliff悬崖
coast海岸
coastland 沿海地区
coastline海岸线
collide碰撞
Colorado river科罗拉多河
compact压紧,固结
compressed扁平的
concentrate集中
conduct传导
conflicting相冲突的,不一致的
continent 大陆
continental crust 大陆地壳
continental drift theory大陆飘移说
continental drift 大陆漂移
continental island大陆岛
continental shelf 大陆架
converging收缩的
copper 黄铜
coral island 珊瑚岛
core地核
crack裂缝
cranial 头盖的
crater火山口
crest山顶
crevice断裂
crust地壳
cycle天体的循环
dam水坝
Death Valley死亡谷
debris碎片,岩屑
decomposition 分解;腐烂
delta三角洲
demolish破坏,粉碎
deposit 堆积物;沉淀物;沉积;矿床
desert沙漠
diamond 钻石
diffuse传播,扩散
disintegration (decomposition) 分解
dispose处理,处置
distribute散布,分布
diversity多样性
dormant volcano 休眠火山
dormant静止的
drill钻孔,钻通
earthquake (quake; tremor; seism) 地震
ecological 生态学的;社会生态学的
edge边缘,边界
elevation抬升;高地;海拔
eliminate排除
emerald 翡翠,绿宝石
epicenter 震中
equator 赤道
erode侵蚀
erosion腐蚀,侵蚀
eruption火山喷发
erupt爆发
evaporate蒸发
evaporation 蒸发
excavate挖掘
excavation 挖掘;出土文物
expedition 远征;探险队
extinct volcano 死火山
extract开采,提炼
fault plane 断层面
fault zone断层面
fault断层
favored有利的
fieldstone 大卵石
filed trip实地考察
forbidding可怕的,难接近的
formation 形成;构成
former创造者,模型
frigid 寒冷的
frontier边境;新开发的地带
frost heaving冻涨现象
funnel漏斗
gem 宝石
geographer 地理学家
geography 地理学
geologic survey地质调查
geologist 地质学家
geology地质学
geomagnetism地磁学
geonomy地球学
geothermal地热的
glacial age冰川时期
glacial drift 冰碛(qi4)
glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川时期
glacial period冰川时期
glacial 冰川的;冰河时代的
glacier 冰川
global warming全球变暖
gorge峡谷
Grand Canyon大峡谷
granite 花岗岩
Greenwich mean time格林威治时间
gulf海湾
hemisphere半球
hem给...镶边;包围
highland高地
hillside 山坡
homogeneous 同类的
horizon 地平线
horizontal水平的
hypothesize假设
托福听力讲座热门话题高频学科术语词汇分类汇总:地质学词汇I-R
托福听力讲座类地质学话题词汇整理:首字母I-R词汇一览
ice sheet冰层
iceberg冰山
igneous rock 火成岩
inaccessible难接近的
incandescent白炽的
infertile贫瘠的
inland waterway内陆水路
inner core内核
insulate隔离
international date line国际日期变更线
interval时间间隔
intoxicate使陶醉
island 岛屿
islet 小岛
knot山脉的交结点
landlocked area内陆
latitude 纬度
lava 火山岩浆;熔岩
layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层
lead 铅;石墨
limestone 石灰岩
lithogenous 岩成的
lithosphere 岩石圈
lodge小屋
longitude经度
lower reaches下游
lowland 低地
magma 岩浆
magnitude 地震震级
mantle 地幔
marble 大理石
margin(湖,池等的)边缘
melt使融化
mercury 汞,水银
meridian 子午线
metamorphic rock mineral 矿物;矿石
metamorphic rock 变质岩
mineral 矿物
molten lava岩浆
morphology 生物学形态学
mountain chain山脉
mountain range山脉
natural wonder自然奇迹
nickel 镍
Nile River
North Pole 北极
oasis绿洲
ocean bottom海床
oceanic crust 海洋地壳
offshore向海面吹的;离岸的
orbit轨道
ore 矿石
origin 起源
originate 起源
outer core外核
parallel平行的
peak山顶
peninsula 半岛
peninsular 海岛的
plain平原
plate 板块
plateau 高原;高地
platinum 白金,铂
poisonous有毒的
potential潜在的
precipice悬崖
precipitate使蒸汽凝结而下降
preferred首选的
prevailing占优势的
proclaim宣布,显示出
psychological 心理学的
quake地震
quartz 石英
quartzite石英岩
range山脉,多山的地区
ravine峡谷
receptacle容器,内存
reclaim开垦,垦殖
reef 暗礁
reformation变形
relic遗迹
remains 残余物
remnant残余物
remote-sensing遥感的
remove移动
Richter scale 李氏震级
ridge脊背rift (crack; split) 裂缝;断裂
riverbed河床
ruby 红宝石
ruins 废墟
托福听力讲座热门话题高频学科术语词汇分类汇总:地质学词汇S-Z
托福听力讲座类地质学话题词汇整理:首字母S-Z词汇一览
salinity 盐度
sea-floor spreading海床扩展
sedimentary rock 水成岩,沉积岩
sediment沉淀物
seismic activity 地震活动
seismic wave 地震波
seismic 地震的
seismology 地震学
seism地震
silver 银
slide使滑动
slope斜坡
smelt冶炼
sodium 钠
South Pole 南极
speculate推测
split裂缝
spring fountain泉水
spring泉水
Stone Age 石器时代
straits 海峡
strata(stratum的复数)地层
stratigraphy 地层学
stratum 地层
subcontinent次大陆
subdue征服
subterranean 地下的
summit山顶
swamp沼泽
tear撕
tectonics筑造学
temperate latitudes温带地区
temperate(气候)温和的
terrain 地形
terrestrial heat 地热
terrestrial magnetism 地磁学
terrestrial 陆地
thaw解冻
the Antarctic Continent南极洲
the North Pole北极the Northern Hemisphere北半球
the South Pole南极
the Southern Hemisphere南半球
thrust插入,延伸
tidal force 潮汐引力
tide 潮水
time difference时差
time-zone 时区
tin 锡
topography地形学,地貌学,地形
top山顶
toxic有毒的
trample踩踏
tremor地震
tributary 支流
Tropic of Cancer北回归线
Tropic of Capricorn南回归线
tropical rain forest热带雨林
tropical 热带的
tropics 回归线
tunnel隧道,地道
uncharted海图尚未标明的,未知的
underground地下的
unearth 挖出
uniform相同的,一致的
unreachable无法达到的
upper reaches上游
valley 山谷
vault使构成拱顶
vegetation植被
venomous有毒的
vertical垂直的
vibration 震动
volcanic ash 火山灰
volcanic dust 火山尘
volcanic island火山岛
volcanic火山的;火山岩
volcano eruption火山爆发
volcano 火山
waterfall 瀑布
watershed 分水岭
zinc 锌
篇22:托福阅读做题4种常见错误解析
托福阅读做题4种常见错误解析 答题思路正确得分才会提升
误区一“选择题,就是要用排除法”
这是一个常见的认知错误。要知道四个选项,有三个错误,只有一个正确的,且位置不定,毫无规律可循。试问,选错的概率比选对的概率高50%。所以,排除法并不好用。只有把选择题当做简答题做,即从原文中找到题干对应答案,再进行选择才是正确,而且往往阅读高手还可以节约掉不必要的阅读选项的时间。
选择题,不用排除法,而当做简答题完成。
误区二“标题是摆设,直接读文章”
这是流行在托福界的一个普遍的错误。如果标题真的没用,那么精于算计的American考官早就取消了。标题是一篇文章的主题所在,理解它,就可以预判文章的内容,甚至是结构。同时提升阅读兴趣,避免考试阅读疲劳症的出现。我的“严师高徒”班的同学们都可以证明这一点。
标题必须看,而且要预测文章基本结构和大体内容。
误区三“词汇题,只有增加词汇量才行”
同学,你out了。要知道在托福的词汇考核中,基本词汇量、构词法分析还有上下文推断是三个考点。意味增加词汇量,只能对基本词汇量和部分构词法词汇起到帮助,对上下文推断收效甚微,这就是为什么经常有考试词汇量大概10,000但是托福阅读仍旧还在24-26分徘徊的原因。所以,词汇理解必须基于句子结构搭配,以及上下文分析方可。当然,这种提升是针对要冲击28-30满分的学生的要求。目前分数还在18分左右的学员还是要增加更多的词汇,可千万不要把从文章中判断词义作为自己不积累词汇的借口呀。矫枉过正,适得其反。
词汇题,有时需要结合上下文理解,但是词汇量仍旧是基础。
误区四“最有一题,最后才看”
这种观点只有没有经验的菜鸟托福才这样想、并这样做。因为它的最终结果只会是浪费时间重读原文,或YY答案,其正确率根本没有保障。正确之道是先看,而非后看。因为最后一题要么要求总结文章段落大意,要么是分类填表。只有提前了解了题型和基本要求,才能在阅读时有的放矢,让文章阅读只做一遍。不必要的阅读时间缩短了,正确率才会提高。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:猴子的社会行为
托福阅读长难句实例
Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-and-take involve d in social groups.
句子分析
本句的主句是Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species。主句之后有两个定语从句,首先是that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的species。而句中的like young moneys则是举例,在这个举例后有that引导的第二个定语从句,修饰前面的monkeys。
词汇解读
give-and-take作名词,表示“互相忍让”,比如:In any relationship there always has to be some give-and-take. 在任何关系中,总是必须有一些互相忍让。
involve作动词,表示“包含;牵涉”,是写作中可以经常使用的词汇,比如:Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance. 我们每个人每天做出的决定都包含碰运气的成分。These changes will involve everyone on the staff. 这些变化将涉及每个职员。
句子翻译
学习适当的社会行为特别重要,尤其是对于群居动物,比如猴子,它们需要学会控制自己的自私和攻击性,学会懂得在社会群体中互相忍让。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:荷兰进口粮食政策
托福阅读长难句实例
Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.
句子分析
本句主句的主语是importing the grain,谓语动词有两个,分别是kept和stimulated。主语importing the grain之后有which引导的定语从句,修饰前面的the grain。本句被简化后的主要意思应该是:Importing the grain kept sth. and thus stimulated sth.
词汇分析
consume作动词,表示“摄取(食物,饮料);消耗(资源);消费(商品,服务)”,是托福阅读词汇题考查过的单词,类似于“eat up, use up”的意思,比如:They have consumed all the hot dogs and hamburgers. 他们已经把热狗和汉堡包统统都吃光了。She consumes much of her time in watching TV. 她把很多时间花在看电视上。time consuming表示“耗时间的”,比如:Working on this project is a very time-consuming process. 做这个项目是一个很耗时间的过程。
stimulate作动词,表示“刺激”,stimulate the growth/the demand/the economy ,都是写作可以经常使用的词组,表示“刺激增长/需求/经济”。stimulate还表示“激励”,比如:An inspiring teacher can stimulate students to succeed. 一个富有启发性的教师可以激励学生取得成功。
句子翻译
荷兰人自己生产这些粮食既昂贵且费时,而进口粮食使得粮食价格保持在低价,也因此刺激了个人对其他食物以及消费商品的需求。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:白令海峡的植被
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
The presence of mammal species that require grassland vegetation has led Arctic biologist Dale Guthrie to argue that while cold and dry, there must have been broad areas of dense vegetation to support herd of mammoth, horse, and bison.
结构分析:
复合句。 主句主语+that引导的定语从句+主句谓语+宾语+同位语+宾补。that引导的宾语从句,其中含有while引导的让步状语从句。
句子分析:
the presence of mammal species 主语,that定语从句修饰species, 从句中require作谓语,grassland vegetation 作宾语。 had led 是主句谓语, Arctic biologist为宾语,Dale Guthrie 为宾语同位语,to argue 宾语补足语。本部分的意思:需要草地植被的哺乳动物的存在使得北极生物家戴尔古恩莱认为。
宾语补足语中包含that引导的宾语从句,其中,while cold and try 是让步状语从句,从句中省略了本文前一句提到的 the Beringian landscape和 was;cold and try 作从句表语。 that引导的宾语从句为there be句型,to support herd of mammoth, horse and bison做定语,修饰broad areas of dense vegetation。 本部分意思:尽管(白令海峡)寒冷干燥,那里肯定曾经有大面积茂密的植被来维持数目庞大的牛群,马和野牛的生存。
参考翻译:
需要草地植被的哺乳动物的存在使得北极生物家戴尔古恩莱认为:尽管(白令海峡)寒冷干燥,那里肯定曾经有大面积茂密的植被来维持数目庞大的牛群,马和野牛的生存。
托福阅读高难度文章长难句实例解析:风媒授粉落叶树
托福阅读100个长难句实例分析
原句案例:
Most deciduous wind-pollinated trees (which shed their leaves every fall) produce their pollen in the spring while the branches are bare of leaves to reduce the surrounding surfaces that “compete” with the stigmas (the part of the flower that receives the pollen) for pollen.
结构分析:
复合句。主句,带有which 引导的定语从句,while引导比较状语从句,从句中包含that引导的定语从句,括号里的插入语为同位语,同位语中包含that引导的定语从句。
句子分析:
most deciduous wind-pollinated trees主语。括号中which引导的定语从句修饰trees,从句中which充当主语,shed谓语,their leaves 宾语,every fall 状语。主句中谓语为produce, their pollen是宾语,in the spring 状语。本部分意思:大部分风媒授粉落叶树(每年秋天落叶)在春天产生花粉。
while引导的比较状语从句中,the branches 主语,are bare of leaves 作谓语。to reduce 目的状语,the surrounding surfaces 做reduce的宾语。that 引导的定语从句,修饰surfaces,从句中that充当主语,compete with 谓语,the stigmas 宾语。括号中的内容为stigmas的同位语,对其进行解释说明。最后的for pollen作目的状语。本部分的意思:而树枝则光秃秃,以减少周围表面与柱头(接受花粉的花的组成部分)对花粉的竞争。
参考翻译:
大部分风媒授粉落叶树(每年秋天落叶)在春天产生花粉,而树枝则光秃秃,以减少周围表面与柱头(接受花粉的花的组成部分)对花粉的竞争。
篇23:托福写作评分标准中的几个常见错误
托福写作评分标准中的几个常见错误
1. 词汇失误
Example 1: Reading can increase my words, rich my knowledge and enlarge my eyesight。
托福写作经验提到这是考生在描述读书的好处,其优点在于在句子结构方面尽力打造排比结构。然而,词汇失误严重影响句子理解和整体效果。“读书可增大词汇量,增长知识,开阔眼界。”本句中词汇失误频繁出现,如:increase,words,rich ;enlarge my eyesight令人费解。建议可做如下修改:
Revised: Reading can enlarge my vocabulary, enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons。
Example 2: Sometimes I play with friends from my school。
此句是典型的Chinglish,在中文中,可以说“和朋友玩”,但是不可对应为英文的“play with friends”,其意思是把朋友当成了玩具。play 用作不及物动词时,常接介词 with,表示“玩;玩耍”。例如:
The little boy is playing with a yoyo。
Don't play with fire. It is very dangerous。
2.用词不当
学生们写的作文里或多或少都会有一些用词不当的问题,但是要注意的是一些最最基本的错误是托福作文中不能犯的。
In the show, if participators answer twenty problems that the host mentioned correctly, they will get five hundreds thousand U.S. dollars as a prize.
——problems应改为questions
这里的拼写错误不是指在考试时候的误打,而是本身对词汇拼写记忆的错误。
In conclusion, issue of whether parents are the best teachers is a complex one, requiring subjective judgement, consequently, there are no easy or certain answers.
——judgement应改为judgment
3.句子层面的常见失误
考生在语法方面的错误主要表现为“主谓不一致、可数名词单复数错误、时态错误、限定动词和非限定动词错误”等,这里就不一一赘述了。此外,还有一些句子层面的常见问题值得我们关注,现列举如下:
1. Run-on Sentences (串句)
串句是不用连词和标点而把两个(或以上)独立的句子串在一起的错误表达。有些串句是不用任何标点间隔两个甚至更多的句子;有些串句是在该用句号时滥用逗号,忽略了英语语言中的逗号本身没有连接句子的功能这一原则。
例如:
Rita decided to stop smoking she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed the class was canceled as well。
修改原则
First of all, children can earn money from their jobs, although there isn’t too much, but they will keep their salary gingerliness.
这里的gingerliness根本是不知所云。该句子还有以下问题:
1)该作文题目是讲学生是否应该做兼职,因此children的出现就显得很莫名其妙;
2)although和but是不能连用的;
3)指代不明,they不知道是指代前面的什么;
4)表达中式
The second argument-it might have been noticed by others-is that in some occasion, it is quite difficult to compare parents to teachers because parents are a kind of people, teachers are a kind of vocation.
1、句子中划线部分的表达过于中式化。
A。把原句分成两个独立的句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking. She didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed. The class was canceled as well。
B。用并列连词连接两个句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking, for she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed, and the class was canceled as well。
C。用分号连接两个句子。
Rita decided to stop smoking; she didn’t want to die of lung cancer。
The exam was postponed; the class was canceled as well。
2、Fragmentary sentences (破句)
破句是把不完整的句子当作独立的子句来写作时发生的错误。常见错误包括:从属连词引起的破句,ing分词和不定式结构引起的错误,增添细节引起的破句和缺少主语的破句。
例如:
After I arrived in Chicago by bus. I checked into a room. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
修改原则:改正从属连词引起的破句时,可以把该从句附属于其前或其后某个子句上。也可以去掉破句中的连词。
I arrived in Chicago by bus and found a place to stay. Then I went to a diner to get something to eat。
当然,对于其它形式的破句,可以根据不同情况给予改正。如,改正 -ing结构引起的破句时,可以把它附属在其前或其后的某个句子上,可以添加主语,把 -ing形式改变成谓语动词,把being形式改成作谓语的be动词(is, are, was, were, am );改正不定式结构引起的破句时,可以把它附属于前句上;改正添加细节引起的破句时,可以把它附属在前面一个表达完整思想的句子上;可以给破句加上主语和动词使它成为一个独立子句;可以尽可能改变词序,辅以增减词,使破句成为前句的组成部分;改正缺少主语的破句时,可以把它附属于前句上,也可以给破句添加主语(通常是指代前句主语的代词形式)。
托福写作it引导句讲解
it 引导的句子
1. It is hard to imagine what _____ would look like without ____. 很难想象如果 _____ 没有了_____,_____ 会变成什么样子。
Residents in the disasters immediate prompt
很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机,我们的生活会变成什么样子。
It is true that ____;however, ____. 确实____,但是____。
确实,年轻人在现代社会中会遇到极具挑战性的困难,但是他们会想尽一切办法去克服。______
2. It has been made easier (possible) for somebody to do. 某人很容易做某事
现代人很容易通过互联网在几秒钟内就取得联系。____________________________________
医学的发展使得人们有可能比过去活得长多了。_____________________________________
3. It takes time for somebody to do something 做某事需要多少时间
对许多人来说,要适应工作上的较大变动,可能需要很长一段时间。
4.It is + 形容词,名词+that(whether)主语从句
It is evident (an undeniable fact)that the wide use (popularity) of computers can make lives of modern people convenient.
It is unconceivable that_____ instead of shifting(switching) it job-hopping. 可想而知(无可争辩),____。
可想而知,积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。It is conceivable that taking an active part in physical exercises(being physically active) is of benefit to health.
无可争辩, 现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活。lead a miserable life of starvation and exposure to the cold.
It is a controversial issue whether we make friends with the same ideas or with the opposite(opposing) ones . 是否____,这是一个有争议的问题。
女性是否应该参军,这是一个有极大争议的问题。
It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or not.
Is it a blessing or a curse whether ____ or not?
It goes without saying that ____. 毫无疑问, ____.
毫无疑问,教育在人的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。_________________________________毫无疑问,科技的巨大进步为人类带来了许多好处。_________________________________
It is understandable(inevitable)that people’s attitudes are divergent on this controversial issue.
5. It is+副词(commonly, widely, generally, universally)+过去分词(said, known, believed, held, argued, noted, estimated, accepted, recognized,acknowledged)+that ____; however,____.
全世界都知道水对人类是不可缺少的。
It is universally acknowledged that ____field(sector, walk, arena circle); however, they create(yield) adverse impacts on psychological wholesome of children.
It is largely (natural) taken for granted that ____. ____ 是理所当然的。
计算机在我们日常生活中发挥着重要作用是理所当然的。
It has long been considered only right and proper (perfectly justified) to ____.
长期以来,____ 被视为____是理所应该的(完全合理的)。?
上一代为下一代的成长承担完全的责任,长期以来被视为是理所应该的。
It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.
It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of our countries will be in acute shortage of fresh water by .
6. It is+表示建议,命令的形容词(necessary, essential, imperative, advisable, desirable)
+that+(should)+动词原形
采取紧急措施与青少年非法吸毒作斗争非常必要。
It is imperative that something urgent be done to combat the widespread use of illegal(unlawful illicit illegitimate ) drugs among teenagers(adolescents, youngsters, juveniles).
(1) It is +somebody(something)+who(that).
人类正是为了维持生态平衡,才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种免遭残杀。_______________
(2) It is not until ____ that ____. 直到____才____
直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时,才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。_______________________________________________________________________
7. It is no good (use, a waste of time, sense) doing. 覆水难收。________________________
It is no good blinking the fact that 不能无视 _____的事实.
8.It is high (about) time that ____. 该是____的时候了。
9. It has been____ since(before)____. 自从____来已经有____时间了。
自从计算机进入家庭以来已经有二十几年的时间了。__________________________________
10. It is worth doing something = It is worthwhile to do = It is worthy of being done =It pays to do ________是值得的。____是划算的。
有理由关心孩子的行为方式。
托福写作否定句的应用
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否定句 .not so much ____ as-- 与其____不如
一个人的工资取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献而不是他的教育背景。____________________________________________________________________
大学生参加兼职工作不是为钱,而是为更好地了解社会。_____________________________________
Not____without 不____就不, 没有____就没有Cannot____without = cannot____but 每次____总会
父母们不能指望孩子们不经过刻苦努力就可以成才。______________________________________
既然人类是杂食动物,所以不能离开肉类而生存。_________________________________________
我们可以在没有商业广告的情况下生活, 但我们不能够没有信息而生存。_______________________
We can live without the presence of the advertising, but we cannot
survive without information.
On no account ( by no means, in no way, under no circumstances)can we + V ____ (我们绝对不能...) 我们绝对不能忽略知识的巨大价值。_________________________________________
.be far from satisfactory远不如人意。
介词against, beyond, but, except, without,... 形容词和动词absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, neglect, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want, be devoid of, far from 短语keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at sea
a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means
The problem of ____ should be taken into account now. ____ 问题现在应该被考虑在内了。
大城市的交通阻塞问题现在应该被考虑在内了。_________________________________________
应该教会孩子学会竞争与合作。___________________________________________________
can be viewed(seen, regarded) as 可以看作是____.
大学毕业生的高薪可以看作是他们多年刻苦努力的一种回报。High salaries of celebrities can be regarded as a reward of many years’ great efforts.
托福写作句子成分的介绍
1. 主语(名词,代词,不定式,动名词,句子)
2. 谓语(动词或动词短语)
3. 宾语(名词,代词,不定式,动名词,句子。跟不定式作宾语的常见动词:want agree hope plan decide offer prefer wish intend fail desire refuse afford choose manage expect aim promise consent pretend neglect ignore omit happen determine demand threaten resolve decline propose undertake volunteer。跟动名词作宾语的常见动词:finish enjoy mind keep stop dislike consider suggest miss avoid regret admit acknowledge delay practice deny imagine postpone risk advocate recall resist appreciate cannot help confess escape fancy defer resent evade contemplate forgive permit detest repent。
跟双宾语的常见动词:ask sent show teach give bring buy find get keep lend tell write wish offer deprive
4. 表语(名词,形容词:某些形容词,如careless, absurd, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, inconsiderate, greedy, money-oriented acquisitive materialistic generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, self-centered egocentric wicked, wrong等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。代词,数词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语,句子)
5. 定语(形容词,代词,数词,不定式,名词,动名词,分词,介词短语,句子)
____, which 1.is beneficial to adjusting to
2. is detrimental (hazardous)to
3. means(is equivalent to)
6. 状语(副词,形容词短语, 不定式,分词,介词短语,名词,句子)
7. 补语(形容词,名词,不定式:下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式ask get prompt allow forbid prefer announce force press inspire require assist hate pronounce advise recommend bear implore remind beg induce report compel invite command intend show drive mean train cause instruct deserve leave tell direct tempt entitle order warn enable need urge encourage oblige condemn
teach entreat permit wish,分词,介词短语)
8. 同位语(名词,不定式,动名词, 句子,后跟同位语从句的常见词fact news question proposal report altitude (latitude longitude evidence proof suggestion request idea conclusion thought notion value fiction fear)
9. 插入语(不定式,分词,介词短语,句子)
托福写作whatever引导句的解析
Whether引导的句型
Whether ____or not has become a controversial issue. 是否____已成为一个有争议的问题。
A vigorous debate over the issue whether ____or not has intrigued the public.关于是否____问题的激烈讨论引起了公众的兴趣。celebrities
关于教师是否在教育领域不再起重要作用的问题的激烈讨论引起了公众的兴趣。____________
关于游客应该吸收东道主国家的文化还是东道主接受外来的文化,这一问题的激烈争议引起了公众的兴趣。__________________________________________________________________
Whether _____ has triggered more heated discussion than ever before.
The practice of ____ makes people doubt whether _____ is worthwhile.
The issue of whether ____or not has been widely debated in ____nowadays.现在,就是否____的问题在____展开了广泛的讨论。
现在,就政府该不该投资艺术的问题在社会展开了广泛的讨论。subsidize_________________________
篇24:SAT作文常见错误
SAT作文常见错误归纳
在SAT作文中,很多考生在语法方面的失误和表义上的含糊不清直接导致了语言质量的下降,甚至很多时候无法让考官理解他们所要表达的意思,因而使作文停留在6分-8分的阶段而无法更进一步。句子结构,也因此成为很多同学的“痛脚”之一。在本文中会根据同学的实战演练,对作文中经常出现的各种错误加以概括和总结,使同学们更好的了解语法和表义方面一些频繁出现的错误,从而更好的改善自己作文的语言质量。
错误一:句子结构冗余或缺失
很多同学虽然对于基本的句子结构条条是道,娓娓道来,真正应用在自己所写的长句中的时候,却容易顾此失彼,错误百出。很多时候是因为过于关注句子的长度和用词的难度,却忽略了基本的主谓宾搭配已经歪曲了。
Steve Jobs, the brilliant and talented leader of Apple, who wins the battle in harsh consumer market with great creativity.
Thomas Edison who was one of the greatest inventors in the history. In his life, the most famous and important invention was electric light.
这两个句子反映了7分左右的考生最常见的语法错误。因为用比较长的同位语或定语从句来修饰句子的主语,却忘记了这个句子其实已经没有谓语动词了。
According to those two examples, that’s why I agree that those people who are confident and optimistic can change their lives easily.
这个句子则是出现了另一个极端,according to…., that is why…表义过于重复。完全可以去掉其中的一个结构。
错误二:连词的'误用
很多同学都明白,在基本的语法规则里,两个句子之间一定要有连词来过渡和衔接。但是真正动笔的时候,却仍然是一“逗”到底,完全不考虑是否应该根据句意间的关系来添加连词或者把副词和介词混用为连词。
Despite many other company are capable of producing such ordinary goods, Steve Jobs uses creativity to distinguish his products and apple from the crowd.
Despite和in spite of类似,都是介词,后面应该接sth或doing sth,而不能够引导一个完整的句子。
The reason is because confidence and optimism can give people stimulation and impel them to achieve their goals.
Because是引导状语从句的连词,而不能够放在be动词后面,引导一个表语从句。这里应该把because换成that,引导表示陈述语气的表语从句。
However, during the time of inventing it, Edison had thousands of failures, but he never complained about that.
这里使用了太多的转折连词。However表示和上文形成语气上的转折,而后面一句又用了but,语气过于跳跃,让读者很难跟得上作者的思路。
错误三:逻辑主语不一致
分词结构能够很好的丰富文章的语法结构,从而改善整篇文章的语言质量。但是如果用doing或done在句首或句尾的位置做状语,则必须要注意这个动词和整个句子的主语要存在逻辑上的主谓关系。很多同学都想当然的根据自己的思路在句子中加上doing sth来表示原因或者结果,但却没有考虑好这个逻辑上的主被动关系是否存在。
His products are well-known for the unique design, adding strong functions like tapping fingers to control the phone.
这句话中adding functions的动作和主语products之间实际上是被动的关系,“产品”被“添加”上了功能,因此应该用added,而并非是adding。
Testing to have an extremely harsh disease, Stephen was predicated to live on only 2 years.
这句话中的错误类似,Stephen Hawking应该是被检测出患有严重的疾病,因此应该改为“tested”表示被动。
错误四:基本语法错误,主谓一致,名词的单复数,时态等等
这里指的是很多已经达到9分或10分的同学们仍然会在“时间紧,任务重”的考场上出现很多基本的语法错误,例如单复数错误,拼写错误,时态误用等等。而这就需要同学们在动笔时有意识的注意一些基本的语法规则,尽量减少这类错误的出现。
Nowadays, people are facing much more difficulties to be unique but creativity is a trait that worth tracing because it is well-rewarded.
Worth是形容词,因此应该在前面加上be动词。
I totally agree that people who are confident and optimistic can change their lives easier than those people who are pessimistic.
Easy是形容词,这里应该换成副词more easily。
When people have adversities, many people begin to complain the unfortunate situation, …
Complain通常作为不及物动词出现,“抱怨某事”应该加上介词about。
错误五:过渡过于生硬,频繁使用连词
有些同学受雅思托福作文的影响,总是试图把引用名人事例写成了分条列点的推理结构,因此出现了非常僵化的“一二三四五”的结构。例如:
Firstly, when Charles was 5, his little brother drowned in their mother’s backyard laundry tub in spite of Ray’s frantic efforts to save him. Secondly, Charles’ eyes began to mysteriously fail him. By the age of 7, Charles was blind. After that, he lost his beloved mother.
这一段的问题非常明显,作者应该讲述一个故事,描述发生在Ray Charles身上的各种不幸,而不是一条一条的按顺序列举出他面临的困难,从而破坏了文章的连贯性(cohesion)。
错误六:论证过于抽象
有些同学仍然对于SAT作文的高分标准有着错误的认知,认为越是艰难晦涩的文字,越是高端的用词,越能够得到高分。实际上对于一篇作文而言,逻辑的清楚而深刻,用词的恰当和简洁才是更重要的。语法结构可以适当的丰富,但是并不是无限度的使用抽象用词甚至让人难以理解作者的思路。例如:
“However” is always being seen. Sometimes the theorem testified to be quite true can be a paradox when scrutinized from a different angle.
这篇作文是论证Is there always another explanation or another point of view?这个题目。可以看出,“theorem”,“paradox”,“scrutinize”等用词实际上使这个句子显得别扭而拗口。
Change the glasses in front of your eyes and the world can be different.
“Glass in front of your eyes”出现在这里有些突然。
It makes people’s cognizance more objective and triggers a comprehensive realization.
这句话里面的cognizance和realization都比较抽象,不如换成更明确表义的词语。
Individual is a main factor.
这是 Can a small group of concerned individuals have a significant impact on the world?这篇作文的开头段中的一个句子。很明显,individual究竟是什么的重要因素,在这里没有明确的指明,因而很突兀,而且空泛。
错误七:连用小短句
这个错误和上一个正好相反。有些同学不善于组织各个句子间的逻辑关系,而且把很多小短句罗列在一起,虽然语法上没有什么大的失误,但是却使整个段落的结构零散而分散,缺少整体的逻辑性。例如:
My family used to live in a village, but my parents went to urban to work and I to study. It was a long distance, so we had to spend an average of 3.5 hours in our car everyday. We had to get up early to set out and return home late at night.
这个小段落里包括了五个短句来交代“我”的家庭背景,非常琐碎。
Liu Xiang is a famous runner in China. We have also seen him as the pride of China until recently. Back then in Olympics, Liu Xiang astonished the world by getting the first place, Chinese were so excited.
这个句群里一共有四个句子,交代了Liu Xiang的身份,荣誉,获奖,中国人的反映等,实际上完全可以再简练些,合并为两个到三个长句。
篇25:作文常见的错误
作文常见的错误
一、结构方面的错误
结构方面有诸多方面的问题。结构之句段失去照应、结构之篇章失去照应、缺少层次、语序颠倒等。
结构之句段失去照应一:前有交代后无照应
我先是扫地,擦桌子,椅子,爸爸擦玻璃,妈妈在擦厨房一些桌子,器具等,我们三个都忙得不亦乐乎!经过我们一番清理后,一个干净,漂亮的家呈现了,看着干净的家,再看看我们脸上,一个个都跟小花猫似的,我们都乐了,干净的家里充满了快乐的气氛。(只有“先是”,缺少我后来的内容。)
结构之句段失去照应二:前无交代后面突兀
有一次,在家里爸爸在看电视,妈妈在做饭,我在写作业,妈妈是特意学会了一道菜,快做好了的时候,她夹了一块给爸爸尝了尝。这时我出去了,就噘着小嘴冲妈妈说:“妈妈你怎么就偏向爸爸,给他吃,就不给我吃,我吃醋了啦!”(“出去了”?出去哪里呢?是“出去”还是“出来”呢?)
结构之篇章失去照应一
我们家的中秋总是充满了笑声……
白天,家里的每一个人都拿着本书在那里看……
到了夜晚,我们家就开始欢乐了起来,打破了白天都是学的气氛……(既然是中秋总是充满了笑声,中秋节的白天大家都在那里看书,没有听见笑声,中秋节仅仅是晚上吗?
结构之篇章失去照应二:《感谢---数学老师》
在我们每个人心目中,都有感谢过的人,他们让你念念不忘,我也有过这样的人,我要感谢我的数学老师。
我的数学老师是一个既严厉又慈祥(作文的后面只说了“严厉”,缺少“慈祥”的内容)的“母亲”,没有她就没有我现在这么好的数学成绩。但一开始,我对她非常排斥。
从上学期,我对数学老师就非常烦感,没事闲的留那么多作业,总是批评同学。终于有一次,我被叫到了办公室,因为我在数学作业本上画了许多大问号,有的题是胡写一通儿。一进办公室,我看到数学老师瞪着那对“火眼金晴”,我就不由得站得很直,果然不出我所料,迎来得就是一阵“悦耳”的声音,虽然我表面已经知道错了,但心里却是一个个,一万个不服!
自此之后,我对数学老师的排斥变本加厉,上课不听讲,捣乱,故意气老师,背后说老师坏话。。。。。总之,数学老师就是令人厌恶!
但自从期中考试之后,我对数学老师改变了想法。听班主任老师说,数学老师为了我们的成绩日夜劳累,含辛茹苦。每天很晚了还给我们批改作业,备课,让我们学得更扎实。还有,数学老师自己从网上下载习题给我们做,而且还不能拿到办公室去判,如果让其他老师看见了会怎么想!因此,每次我们的考试成绩都有所提高。
还有一次,数学老师要我拿着作业去找她,我想这不坏了,完蛋了。在办公室门前我猜想,她一定是在聊大天儿,不干正事,但我的想法错了,她正在认真地批改一堆堆数学作业,她不是浏览地看,而是一道一道地改,哪错了还给圈出来。这时我才真正领会到我地想法错了。我此时感到欠了数学老师许多许多,没有办法还清。
这次期中考试,我们班地数学成绩,在年级名列前茅,这都是数学老师地功劳。
我能遇上这样地数学老师是我毕生地荣幸。她对工作地认真负责是其他老师比不了的,数学老师不屈于我们的误解,虽然我们说她坏话,但她还是毫不保留地教我们知识,让我们做练习题,让我们地成绩一升再升。我们离不开数学老师,她就像甘甜的水,我们就像小树苗,没有了水的营养,我们会枯黄没有生气,所以,数学老师不能离开我们,她永远是一个好老师。
我要感谢数学老师对我们的栽培,她是一个优秀的老师,一个负责的老师,一个默默奉献,毫不保留的老师。
现在我知道,在数学老师的面前,我的姿态永远是立正的。
结构之层次不完整
我想对我们小孩儿来说,幸福可能有两种定义。第一种是父母给予我们的物质享受。第二种则是如果我们做了什么好事,父母夸上我们两句。这两种幸福也许是我们感受最多的,也是最现实的。但是就在不久前,我亲身感受到了父母从未给过我的幸福。
这件事情就发生在这个礼拜。星期一的晚上,我和平常一样放学回家。到了家里,我第一件事就是给父母烧上水,然后写作业。过了一会儿,已经六点半了,可是平常老爸已经到家了呀。我想可能是在路上堵车,没什么事儿。于是我就继续写作业。不知不觉,表盘里的分针指到了七,大门“咣”的一声被老爸踢开了。他进屋后,放下车钥匙,就对我说:“给你妈打一个电话,让她买几个馒头回来。我也做不了饭了。”他说完就一下子躺到了床上。我问:“您怎么了?”老爸说:“我好像发烧了。”听后,我拿来了体温计让)老爸测体温,没想到温度接近39°。我赶紧找了片退烧药让老爸服下,随后他就去睡觉了。由于老妈平时下班很晚,所以今天做饭的重任就摊在我的身上。
我写完作业后,就开始筹划起今天的晚饭。我怎么想也想不出到底晚饭要吃什么,我第一次感受到原来做饭是这么烦人的事儿,原来父母每天都被这件事折磨着,我顿时觉得有些对不起他们。后来,我就想打开电视找些灵感。说来也巧,中央七频道正在演如何种水稻,我就想今天晚上吃米饭。可是我想,光吃白米饭,没菜也不行呀。打开冰箱一看,有蘑菇和菜花。于是我就把它们都拿出来,准备收拾它们。真是没想到,一个破菜花竟然长的那么结实,怎么弄也弄不开。于是我就开始用刀切,切地桌子上,地上,椅子上全是菜花的小碎粒。没办法,我只能把它们全部都打扫干净,这整个过程花了我将近一个小时的时间。蘑菇还是比较配合我的工作的,只用了15分钟。老妈回来也吃上了热腾腾的饭菜。
(这里有个结构断层,或者是紧跟着上段,或者是在本段开始的地方有一个做菜的感觉,米饭是用什么锅蒸的什么都要逐一说明清楚,还要有看着妈妈吃饭时候的'心理感觉,妈妈的评价,以及作者父亲身体怎么样了,等等,都要说到的,这些都没有说明清楚,给人一种不完整的感觉。)在这里,我要感谢我的老爸,因为是他给了我照顾别人的机会。虽然这累了点儿,但是我觉得这给我带来了无比的幸福。
结构之语序问题
在爱中成长,在爱中萌发,你会发现生活是多么美好,你一定会幸福。(“在爱中成长,在爱中萌发”的词序要调换,改为“在爱中萌发,在爱中成长”。)
二、逻辑方面的错误
(一)省略造成的错误
记得那一次学校准备交钱,我却忘带了……(既然是“学校交钱”,和你有什么关系,可见一定是学校为某事要求学生交钱,而不是“学校交钱”,还有应当把学校要求交什么钱说清楚。)
学校那天捐钱我捐了一百块钱……(不能说“学校那天捐钱我捐了一百块钱”,而应当表述为“学校筹集捐款的时候我捐了一百块钱”。)
(二)不合逻辑
幸福的公式就像一颗晶莹的珍珠,只有把他(它)们串联在一起……(既然是“一颗”,怎么可能“把他们串联在一起”呢?)
北京的冬天是寒冷的,可是今年的雪却下得比以往的晚了些。(上下句之间有什么必然的关系吗?)
学校中,同学之间的友情也是不可缺少的!如果要问我中学最大的收获是什么?我会回答说是知识,然后再是友情。(既然是“最大的收获”,所以只能有一项,不可能是几项并列或者依次排列,这是我们在表达的时候需要注意的,所以后面“再是友情”的表达方式是不妥的。)
一天早上爸爸手里拿了一摞单词卡片,还有字母卡片……(这里有一个问题,既然是“一摞单词卡片”,后面怎么“还有字母卡片”呢?是两摞吗?不应该的,将两句合并为“一摞英语卡片”更为妥帖。)
我在我们家里可以说是一个“搞笑高手”,什么话放到我嘴里就能被我说成笑话,再加上爸爸的配合经常逗的爸爸妈妈哈哈大笑,有一次,在家里爸爸在看电视,妈妈在做饭,我在写作业,妈妈是特意学会了一道菜快做好了的时候,她夹了一块给爸爸尝了尝。这时我出去了,就噘着小嘴冲妈妈说:“妈妈你怎么就偏向爸爸,给他吃,就不给我吃,我吃醋了啦!”而就在这时,爸爸却来了一句说:“女儿,你还喝酱油吗?”我们全家三个人,乐得快肚子疼了。(“爸爸妈妈”改为“全家”,因为不仅爸爸妈妈,而且自己也被逗得哈哈大笑,后面可以佐证,所以改“全家”比较适宜。)
幸福的公式就像一颗晶莹的珍珠,只有把他(它)们串联在一起……(既然是“一颗”,怎么可能“把他们串联在一起”呢?)
三、事理方面的错误
不合事理指的是部分内容虚假,这种问题的产生一是编造内容的原因,一是叙述不清楚所导致。
从出生的那一刻起,我就是幸福,承载着父母的希望来到这个世上。母亲把我抱在怀中,教我会喊“妈妈”。长大些后,步子蹒跚的我不小心碎倒后,妈妈会急忙跑过来将我扶起,拍拍我身上的土,叫我不要哭。虽然泪水还是忍不住的涌了出来,但我相信我是幸福的。(类似的问题是学生作文中的一个通病,即把自己小时候的还没有记事时的情况说得很清楚,很有感受。这里就是这个问题。因为“步子蹒跚的我”,也就是正在学步时候的小孩子,年龄能有多大呢?感受从何而来呢?)
我出生在一个幸福的家庭,我是个独生子,是一个瘦小单薄的男孩,自小身体很弱。听妈妈说小时候我刚出生时就生病了……(一切都是听作者的妈妈说的,所以上一自然段的话是作者想当然的结果。)
自从那次生病,我体会到了一个母亲为自己的孩子所做的一切……(“自从那次生病,我体会到了”,你才多大呀,记事了吗?你就有这么多的体会!)。
……“儿子,快去写作业吧!别再看电视了”一声呼唤,从我把精彩感人的故事情节中拉了出来,一转身,关上电视,再一跃起趴在书桌中奋笔疾书起来,只感觉自己的两只手不听使唤,想要开小差……(“一转身,关上电视”?身子背对着电视还是侧对着电视?是不是“一起身,关上电视”呢?“再一跃起趴在书桌中”:1、“中”改“上”。2、“再一跃起”?关电视的时候是在沙发、椅子上坐着呢?如果是在沙发、椅子上坐着,为什么还要“一转身”关电视呢?是看电视还是没看电视呢?还是就在书桌这里看电视呢?因为“再一跃起”就趴在书桌这里了,没有告诉读者是不是从沙发、椅子那里走过来的?如果是在书桌这里看电视,那又不应该用“再”了。还有“再一跃起”突出的是“再”,即至少两次的起身吧,那前面什么地方又有“跃起”的说法呢?所以我觉得一定是将“一起身”误写为“一转身”了。)奋笔疾书(谁见过写作业“奋笔疾书”的?奋笔疾书指的是非常快地写字作文章,如果作者真的是这样写作业,可见其潦草之至了。)起来,只感觉自己的两只手不听使唤,(既然是“奋笔疾书”,怎么又“感觉自己的两只手不听使唤”呢?这不是前后矛盾吗?)想要开小差(手要开小差还是心要开小差呢?)
四、语词方面的错误
(一)用词随意
……心想看管什么用呢?上吧,拿起饺子包子起来……(不是“拿起饺子包子起来”,而是拿起饺子皮包了起来。)
(二)用词前后不统一
说起团聚大家一定会马上想到八月十五和春节的,因为这两个节日都是我们要与家人一起欢乐的时候。我们家当然也不例外了,每到这两个节日的时候我是最快乐,最幸福,最高兴的时候。
每当我无聊的时候,就会坐在自己的卧室里,回想我们家人一起过的每一个中秋节和春节。每次的回想都会让我大笑不止,不知道的还以为我风了呢!
想知道我们家里的中秋节是怎么过的吗?好,我就给你们说一说我们家的中秋节是怎么过的吧!
我们家的中秋总是充满了笑声……
(“八月十五”、“中秋节”、“中秋”等字样,在一篇作文里应当统一起来。
(三)语句重复
晚上复习时,经常会到很晚,当你在和时间,书本战斗的同时还有一个人在默默地关心着你。冬天已经来临,晚上越来越冷,复习时……
说起团聚大家一定会马上想到八月十五和春节的,因为这两个节日都是我们要与家人一起欢乐的时候。我们家当然也不例外了,每到这两个节日的时候我是最快乐,最幸福,最高兴的时候。
每当我无聊的时候,就会坐在自己的卧室里,回想我们家人一起过的每一个中秋节和春节。每次的回想都会让我大笑不止,不知道的还以为我风了呢!
想知道我们家里的中秋节是怎么过的吗?好,我就给你们说一说我们家里的中秋节是怎么过的吧!
每一到中秋节的那天时,我们家里都卖(买)好多的吃的和一些参考书,这里的参考书可不是要在学习上用的参考书,而都是一些笑话和自己要表演的参考书。
我当然也没呆着也准备了一些歌曲和笑话……
这种幸福是从家人的每一个精心的准备中你可以感觉到的,家里的每一个人想让大家的笑声不断,快乐不停。大家都认真的准备了每个节目
我在我们家里可以说是一个“搞笑高手”,什么话放到我嘴里就能被我说成笑话,再加上爸爸的配合经常逗的爸爸妈妈哈哈大笑……
“孩子,教你老爸学英语吧!” 我听这话我说……
我们都乐了,我们这屋子里充满了快活的气氛,
这天中午,我和爸爸干着各自的事,这时我和爸爸同时看见了妈妈“轻装上阵”的样子,就问妈妈:“你这是要干嘛!妈妈:边系着围裙说:“我要大扫除呗!马上快春节了,早些收拾收拾。”听了这话,我和爸爸也学着妈妈的样子,戴上用报纸折的帽子,带上围裙,分工明确以后我们就开始了我们家的大扫除活动!我先是扫地,擦桌子,椅子,爸爸擦玻璃,妈妈在擦厨房一些桌子,器具等,我们三个都忙得不亦乐乎!经过我们一翻清理后,一个干净,漂亮的家呈现了,看着干净的家,再看看我们脸上,一个个都跟小花猫似的,我们都乐了,干净的家里充满了快乐的气氛。
在我小的时候,有几件事让我明白了一个道理,那使我得到了幸福,让我体会到了什么才是真正的幸福。
我出生在一个幸福的家庭,我是个独生子,是一个瘦小单薄的男孩,自小身体很弱。听妈妈说小时候我刚出生时就生病了,花了很多钱,妈妈怀上了我之后,行动不方便,只有爸爸来照顾妈妈。妈妈说我小时候很调皮,在出生后的几个月里在床上不老实,经常把家里的东西打破。
刚出生几个月,我就生病了。是肺炎,老是咳嗽,一咳嗽就是肺炎,……
那时一袋好的奶粉要几拾块一袋……
五、其他以及综合形式的错误
2002年7月24日,新疆库车等地区下了暴雨,山洪夹着泥沙撕裂(1)了沿线公路,正在库车神秘大峡谷旅游的19名台湾同胞和400多名内地游客被困谷底。
有关领导知道后,急派直升机救护。当地驻军158名官兵、20多台车辆,星夜急奔120公里以外的库车县,开展救援行动(2)。由于山体滑坡严重,车辆不能靠近。党员突击队用担架将老人、病人、残疾人(3)往山下抬。抢救队忙着搬运行李(4)。直升机把1000多公斤食品送到被困游客手中。经过两天营救,终于成功地将被洪水围困的游客送到库车县城。
【问题】
(1)“撕裂”的本意是用双手反向用力,将物体破成两部分或部分;它的衍伸意是通过某一或几个对象的反向用力,将物体破成两部分或部分。在本句中,“山洪夹着泥沙”应当是冲毁了公路,它的力是向箭头一样的单纯的直力,而不是双向的撕扯的力,所以“撕裂”应当改为“冲毁”。如果是形象地比喻一下,也可以改作:“山洪夹着泥沙像利箭一样冲毁了沿线公路”。
(2)“当地驻军158名官兵、20多台车辆,星夜急奔120公里以外的库车县,开展救援行动。”这句话有一个问题,“当地驻军158名官兵”与“20多台车辆”中间使用的是顿号,表示的是一种平行的关系,给人的感觉是人走人的,车走车的,事实不是这样。所以这句话试改:“二十多台车辆载着158名当地驻军官兵,星夜急奔120公里以外的库车县,开展救援行动。”
(3)“老人、病人、残疾人”的分类不当,这里使用的也是顿号,是平行的关系,但是老人、病人、残疾人怎可能放在一起说呢?“老人”是从年龄上划分的,“病人、残疾人”是从健康方面划分的,也可能是为了省事,但是避免逻辑划分错误是最基本的原则,是不能图省事的,所以这里的“老人、病人、残疾人”应当分成两句来说。
(4)“党员突击队用担架将老人、病人、残疾人往山下抬。抢救队忙着搬运行李。”这句话存有问题。158名官兵不会都是党员,因为都是党员就不会有“党员突击队”了。但是其他的官兵呢?“抢救队”吗?抢救队里就没有党员了吗?我们都无从知道,因为文章里没有说明白。简单地说,我们不能为了突出党员而忽略其他官兵。这里应当补充说明一下。
我想对我们小孩儿来说,幸福可能有两种定义。第一种是父母给予我们的物质享受。第二种则是如果我们做了什么好事,父母夸上我们两句。这两种幸福也许是我们感受最多的,也是最现实的。但是就在不久前,我亲身感受到了父母从未给过我的幸福。
这件事情就发生在这个礼拜。星期一的晚上,我和平常一样放学回家。到了家里,我第一件事就是给父母烧上水,然后写作业。过了一会儿,已经六点半了,可是平常老爸已经到家了呀。我想可能是在路上堵车,没什么事儿。于是我就继续写作业。不知不觉,表盘里的分针指到了七,大门“咣”的一声被老爸踢开了。他进屋后,放下车钥匙,就对我说:“给你妈打一个电话,让她买几个馒头回来。我也做不了饭了。”他说完就一下子躺到了床上。我问:“您怎么了?”老爸说:“我好像发烧了。”听后,我拿来了体温计让老爸测体温,没想到温度接近39°。我赶紧找了片退烧药让老爸服下,随后他就去睡觉了。由于老妈平时下班很晚,所以今天做饭的重任就摊在我的身上。
我写完作业后,就开始筹划起今天的晚饭。我怎么想也想不出到底晚饭要吃什么,我第一次感受到原来做饭是这么烦人的事儿,原来父母每天都被这件事折磨着,我顿时觉得有些对不起他们。后来,我就想打开电视找些灵感。说来也巧,中央七频道正在演如何种水稻,我就想今天晚上吃米饭。可是我想,光吃白米饭,没菜也不行呀。打开冰箱一看,有蘑菇和菜花。于是我就把它们都拿出来,准备收拾它们。真是没想到,一个破菜花竟然长的那么结实,怎么弄也弄不开。于是我就开始用刀切,切地桌子上,地上,椅子上全是菜花的小碎粒。没办法,我只能把它们全部都打扫干净,这整个过程花了我将近一个小时的时间。番茄还是比较配合我的工作的,只用了15分钟。老妈回来也吃上了热腾腾的饭菜。
在这里,我要感谢我的老爸,因为是他给了我照顾别人的机会。虽然这累了点儿,但是我觉得这给我带来了无比的幸福。
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