托福听力对话和讲座类内容叙述结构详细介绍

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下面小编为大家整理了托福听力对话和讲座类内容叙述结构详细介绍,本文共7篇,欢迎阅读与借鉴!本文原稿由网友“yihongchai”提供。

篇1:托福听力对话和讲座类内容叙述结构详细介绍

托福听力对话和讲座类内容叙述结构详细介绍

托福听力内容类型介绍

托福听力从类型可分为两类,对话(conversation)和讲座(lecture)。我们都是到,对话里的场景内容都取材自北美校园生活,讲座则是取材自北美课堂。那么我们来分别分析一下二者异同。

托福听力两种类型区别分析

对话是怎样的?几个人凑一堆,就某一话题事件你一言我一语发表个人看法。在这里,托福听力对话将场景适当简化,一般都是两个人就某一问题的讨论。所以我们所听到的对话中,除了开头那一句交代一下两人身份职位外,是没有任何旁白的。我们平时的生活中,什么和这个特别像??美剧。没错,就是美剧。所以说,我们在听对话的时候,也要带着一颗分析剧情的心来听

那么,剧情是什么?无非就是三条:开头、中间和结尾。开头代表了,一段对话的起因。这段对话缘何而起?两个角色是因为什么矛盾走到一起发生着一段对话?他们想解决的问题是什么?所以各自一出场也就代表了一个立场。那么对话的中间部分,就是两个人解决问题的过程了。在这段过程中,二人分别在各自的立场逐条抛出观点,通过一个又一个的疑问句串起全文。最后一部分,也就是问题的解决。学生开开心心再见,或者牢骚几句后与老师达成一致,具体情况具体分析即可。

与之相比,讲座则有太大的特色。讲座作为学术类的选题,内容的展开其实与说明文超级相似,都是各种总分。文章提出一个总的中心关键词,每一个段落再提出一个其下的子类别关键词,分别都遵循着“专有名词提出、解释说明、举例或详解”一样的套路。

考生了解听力结构有什么用?

如果是大神级考生,基本大部分内容都可以无伤理解,那么在结构上多投入精力会帮助你大幅提高理解文章的能力,甚至预测下文都不在话下。但如果基础相对薄弱,在背单词和听写提高基本理解的同时,那么把握文章基本段落结构也是帮助大家理清思路的有力武器!

托福听力练习对照文本

So, uh . . . as Jim said, James Polk was the eleventh President, and . . . uh . . . well, my report's about the next President—Zachary Taylor. Taylor was elected in 1849.

那么,呃……就像Jim所说,James Polk曾经是第十一任总统,并且……呃……好,我的报告是关于下任总统-- Zachary Taylor。Taylor于1849年当选。

It's surprising because . . . well, he was the first President that didn't have any previous political experience.

令人惊讶的是因为……好吧,他是第一个在之前没有任何政治经验的总统。

The main reason he was chosen as a candidate was because he was a war hero.

他被选作候选人的主要原因是他曾是一个战争英雄。

In the army, his men called him “Old Rough and Ready”. I guess because of his . . . “rough edges.”

在军队中,他的手下叫他“大老粗”。我猜是因为他的…… “棱角”

He was kind of blunt and he didn't really look like a military hero.

他有些直率,而且他真的看起来不像一个战斗英雄。

He liked to do things like wear civilian clothes instead of a uniform, even in battle.

他喜欢做的事情,比如穿便服而不是制服,即使是在战斗中。

And he was so short and plump he had to be lifted up onto his horse.

而且他是如此的矮和粗壮,他不得不被抬到他的马上。

But he did win a lot of battles and he became more and more popular.

但他的确赢了很多战争,而且他变得越来越受欢迎。

So, the Whig party decided to nominate him for the presidency, even though no one knew anything about where he stood on the issues.

所以,辉格党决定提名他参加总统竞选,即使没人知道他站在议题的哪一端。

I couldn't find much about his accomplishments, probably because he was only in office about a year and a half before he died.

我没能找到很多关于他的成就,可能是因为他在去世前仅仅执政了一年半。

But one thing, he pushed for the development of the transcontinental railroad because he thought it was important to form a link with the West Coast.

但有一件事,他努力争取了横穿大陆的铁路线的发展,因为他认为同西海岸形成一个连接是很重要的。

There was a lot of wealth in California and Oregon from commerce and minerals and stuff.

在California 和 Oregon有大量的源自商业和矿产等的财富。

Also, he established an agricultural bureau in the Department of the Interior and promoted more government aid to agriculture.

并且,他在内政部建立了一个农业局,并且促进了对于农业的更多的国家援助。

Well, that's about all I found. Like I said, he died in office in 1850, so his Vice President took over, and that's the next report, so . . . thank you.

好,这就是我所有的发现。就像我说过的,他于1850年在任时去世,因此他的副总统接任,这是下一个报告,那么……谢谢大家。

托福听力练习对照文本

I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia.

我想要欢迎每一位气球爱好者来到Philadelphia

Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States.

感谢大家今天早上来到这里纪念在美国的第一次气球航行。

On January 9, 1793, at ten o'clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, the capital of the country.

在1793年1月9日,上午十点钟,一个丝质气球在这个城市上空升起,这里,在当时,是国家的首都。

According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted forty-six minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey.

根据飞行的原始记录,这次航行持续了46分钟,从它的出发地Philadelphia到它穿过Delaware河着陆在New Jersey。

Though our pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site, they're at the mercy of the winds, so who knows where they'll drift off to.

虽然我们的飞行员今天将试图去接近最初的着陆地点,他们还要受到风的支配,所以谁知道他们将飘到哪里去。

Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced some uncertain weather that day.

即使是在1793年,气球驾驶者那天也经历了一些变幻莫测的天气

There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions.

有云,雾,并且薄雾在不同的方向上。

Our reenactment promises to be nothing less than spectacular.

我们的场景重现,发誓要成为完全的盛景。

The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high.

在我正后方的黄色气球有五层楼高。

It's inflated with helium, unlike the original, which was filled with hydrogen and, unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive.

它充满了氦气,和原来不同,那个是充的氢气,飞行员不知道的是,有爆炸的可能性。

Gas-filled models are pretty uncommon now because of the extremely high cost, so the eighty other balloons in today's launch are hot air, heated by propane burners.

因为极高的成本,充气的型号现在很少见。所以今天起飞的另外80是个气球是热气(球),由丙烷燃烧器加热。

These balloons are from all over the country.

这些气球来自全国各地。

托福听力练习对照文本

I'm glad you brought up the question of our investigations into the makeup of the Earth's interior.

我很高兴你们提出我们进入地球内部的组成的调查的问题。

In fact, since this is the topic of your reading assignment for next time, let me spend these last few minutes of class talking about it.

事实上,由于这是你们下次阅读作业的课题,让我花上这最后几分钟的课堂时间来谈一下它。

There were several important discoveries in the early part of this century that helped geologists develop a more accurate picture of the Earth's interior.

本世纪早期有一些重要的发现,能够帮助地质学家开发出一个更精确的地球内部的图片。

The first key discovery had to do with seismic waves.

第一个关键的发现不得不同地震波相关。

Remember they are the vibrations caused by earthquakes.

要记得他们是地震引起的震动。

Well, scientists found that they traveled thousands of miles through the Earth's interior.

好的,科学家发现他们穿过地球内部通行了数千英里。

This finding enabled geologists to study the inner parts of the Earth.

这个发现是的地质学家更够研究地球的内部。

You see, these studies revealed that these vibrations were of two types: compression or P waves and shear or S waves.

你看,这些研究显示这些震动是两种类型:涨缩波或者说P波和畸变波或者说S波。

And researchers found that P waves travel through both liquids and solids, while S waves travel only through solid matter.

同时研究人员发现P波能穿行液体和固体两种,而s波只能穿行固体物质。

In 1906, a British geologist discovered that P waves slowed down at a certain depth but kept traveling deeper.

在19,一个英国地质学家发现P波在一定的深度会减速,但是会继续穿行更深。

On the other hand, S waves either disappeared or were reflected back, so he concluded that the depth marked the boundary between a solid mantle and a liquid core.

另一方面,S波要么消失,或者被反射,所以他推断这个深度标示了固态地幔和液态地核的界限。

Three years later, another boundary was discovered that between the mantle and the Earth's crust.

三年后,另一个分界线被发现,是在地幔和地壳之间。

There's still a lot to be learned about the Earth.

关于地球还有许多要学习的。

For instance, geologists know that the core is hot. Evidence of this is the molten lava that flows out of volcanoes. But we're still not sure what the source of the heat is.

举例来说,地质学家知道地核是热的。这点的证据是火山中流出的熔岩。但我们依然不知道热源是什么。

篇2:托福听力讲座类lecture7大常见叙述结构逐一盘点

这种结构可以说是逻辑最简单、信号最明显、入门最快速的一类。一般来说,教授会在引出主旨之后,通过并列的几个方面来描述某种现象、解释某种原理或者描述某种事物。当然,每一个方面会有具体深入的解释和举例说明。这里注意的是,也许每一块的内容具有共同点,但是相互之间是独立的,没有比较、相互影响的关系。

在听的过程中,要特别注意开头,比如托福官方模考套题11 Lecture 4,教授引出主旨”The ‘Four Ms’: Market, Media, Money, Message. All are important areas to focus on when creating your advertising plan. We will look at them one by one.”通过最后这句话可以预判文章的结构,在主体段分别讲解了这四个M的原则。在听主体段的过程中要注意first, second, and then, finally或者提问之类的话题转变的信号词。

篇3:托福听力讲座类lecture7大常见叙述结构逐一盘点

这种结构可以说是平行结构的一种衍生体。主要的特点就是教授针对某个问题或现象的解决方案或者产生原因提出了猜想和假设,可能是深入剖析一种假设,比如托福官方模考套题22 Lecture 1中对于state形成原因是environmental approach的分析;也可能是同时提出了几种假设,比如托福官方模考套题22 Lecture 2中young sun paradox的几种solution猜想。

基本上,提出的假设都会存在一些问题和不确定性,所以要特别注意描述、解释内容之后的转折点和教授的评论。比如出现了”but not everyone agrees with the theory. It definitely has some weaknesses.”或者教授评论如”so, there’s reason to believe that we will get an answer to that piece of puzzle one day.”那么要注意可能会对教授的态度出题。

篇4:托福听力讲座类lecture7大常见叙述结构逐一盘点

这类结构教授一般会客观描述一些艺术人物、事件、动植物等等。文章开头老师引出要描述的对象,主体段描述对象的一系列不同特征。听的过程要特别注意描述的细节以及专有名词的解释。

比如托福官方模考套题24 Lecture 1中,教授开头引出 “for today, let’s look at a reptile, a predator that hasn’t evolved much in the last seventy million years.”那么接下来教授就对这种爬行动物的特征进行一一描述和介绍。托福官方模考套题21 Lecture 4中,教授直接说明了描述对象 “so today we are moving on to Alice Neel”然后主题段分别描述了该人物的生平、绘画风格、作品等。

篇5:托福听力讲座类lecture7大常见叙述结构逐一盘点

对比的lecture结构也比较清晰,一般教授会在开头引出两个或三个概念,在主体段进行逐一介绍。在听的过程中,要特别注意对比列举的信号,以及对比的结果(包括相同点和不同点)。其中列举的点可能会比较零散,所以要利用好笔记,记下甚至minor detail,因为比较容易出表格题。

虽然由于细节冗繁文章较长,但只要把握了对比的考点,还是能够迎刃而解。这类结构在不同学科中都有可能涉及,比如托福官方模考套题13 Lecture3对比了法国香颂诗和浪漫主义诗歌,托福官方模考套题1 Lecture 4对比两种土拨鼠的适应环境的行为变化等。

篇6:托福听力讲座类lecture7大常见叙述结构逐一盘点

这类讲座侧重的是理论演变的过程,结构上不大容易识别,且细节跳跃穿插进行,难度较大。比如托福官方模考套题21 Lecture 3关于毒蛇的祖先问题,教授结合了传统理论引出了最新的研究(based on DNA)并比较了两种理论的优缺点。

以上就是托福听力讲座类的7种常见叙述结构汇总盘点,大家如果能够全部掌握这些结构的概念,面对信息量较大的讲座类听力素材时相信就能更好地理解和把握关键信息了。

托福听力多选题真的那么难吗

听力中的多选题真的有这么难吗?

请看下面一段音频文字:

But how is that proof that the Sahara used to be a lot wetter? I mean the people who painted those hippos, well, couldn’t they have seen them on their travels?

Professor

Okay, in principle they could, Karl. But the rock paintings aren’t the only evidence. Beneath the Sahara are huge aquifers, basically a sea of fresh water, that’s perhaps a million years old filtered through rock layers. And…er…and then there is fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses that once grew in the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, er…but hundreds of miles away, in more vegetated areas. Anyway, it’s this fossilized pollen along with the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three things are all evidence that the Sahara was once much greener than it is today, that there were hippos and probably elephants and giraffes and so on.

此段音频中学生提问,老师回答。

一般同学会在听完后直接摘录笔记词 rock paiting,plants。有同学疑问为什么整段音频这么多就只摘录了这两个词记笔记。大多数同学的问题是听的过程中不能很好的其中所蕴含的逻辑关系,将文字笼统的认为就是两个核心一个rock painting 一个plants因为这两个词重复率比较高,完全执行了一次机械的听的过程。我们来细看文本分析会发现此段文字的逻辑结构非常清晰,如果我们能关注逻辑提示词的话。

首先学生提问,那我们要记住关注的逻辑就是要从回答的第一句来看看问题有没有得到解决。教授的回答第一句很笼统只是对学生的假设进行了赞同,赞同我们可以不用太关注,知道是赞同就可以了。当到文章的第二句话,but the rock paintings aren’t the only evidence我们就要给自己一个提示,这里要罗列两个以上的东西,而托福听力中多选题的题点对应处往往就是在这样的地方,所以我们围绕rock painting这个点去听,找到他的结束点。马上听到了第二个和rock painting不一样的核心词aquifers 如若不认识,先根据发音记录下形状,后面马上听到了两次同位语解释 sea和water,一样可以理解,围绕这三个词听完这个点,立马出现了and,and then这样的逻辑提示词,预示第三个罗列内容出现了,这个时候我们马上记录下pollen这个词,然后围绕pollen这个词听到这个核心的结束。然后老师用了anyway这个逻辑词,采用It’s this A along with B and C的罗列句型将之前提到的三个证据再次以罗列的形式重复一遍,再加上these three things are all evidence这个点收掉整个学生所提的问题这个段落。

那我们这么分析了逻辑后,再来看下当时所出的题目。

13.Not long ago, the Sahara had a different climate. What evidence does the professor mention to support this(3)

A. lAncient pollen

B. lBones from large animals

C. lRock paintings

D. lAgriculture in ancient Egypt

E. lUnderground water

所以从这段文字我们可以看出来,答案就是ACE我们再听多选题的逻辑时如果能格外关注多选的逻辑提示,可以帮助我们轻而易举的准确的拿下多选题。

篇7:托福听力讲座天文类话题结构介绍和举例

首先,主题概念的引出。往往考察主旨题。一定要注意新词的解释,留心各种形式的同位语。 其次,通过举例子和对比、逻辑关系等,进行论证和分析。

最后,得出结论或总结。

托福official真题听力中天文学类话题举例

1、星球及特征

例如木星,冥王星,天狼星,太阳,月球等。

托福official真题2 lecture 4 小行星带是如何发现的。通过十进制原则,来引出波德定律,推理出波德定律是来源于数学,而且是为了实现测量星球之间的距离。

托福official真题5 lecture 2 支持登月的原因。首先要了解行星构成的要素及年龄,盆地的形成是很好的研究对象。接着又说月球中含有水,可以供人们呼吸和作为燃料运用。

托福official真题22 lecture 2 讨论和太阳相关的谜。

托福official真题18 lecture 1 关于太阳黑子的研究,并阐述了随着时间的推移,这个研究是不断进步。先是欧洲人根据自己的信念主观臆断再到伽利略通过望远镜观察提出了挑战,然后到两位学者长年的研究发现太阳黑子数量变化和地磁周期一致。可见讲座的主旨是在说人类对于太阳黑子的科学认知的不断演变的过程。

2.天文学理论

例如日心说与地心说,不同天文学家的观点,古希腊人对天文现象的解释等。

托福official真题13 lecture 4流星。最开始教授说要讲不同种类的流星体,但是后来用了大篇幅去解释它的起源,然后又给了流星体分类,最后才讲到了流星,并对其进行分类阐述。

托福official真题21 lecture 1 教授全文是讲述一个例子,希腊是怎么看待地心说的例子,来证明地心说这一传统的观念。

3.交叉学科话题

往往和其他学科有交叉,例如历史、化学等。

托福official真题3 lecture 4 天文学家怎么识别行星的化学元素。从分析光谱的扩大,光谱图案和化学元素的匹配三个方面讲解。

托福official真题19 lecture 2 两个观察天文的方法——Radio Astronomy & Optical Astronomy,并且阐述了两种方法在观察过程中会出现的缺陷。

托福听力讲座天文类话题的相关信息就为大家介绍到这里,希望能够帮助考生更好地熟悉这类话题开展高效的备考工作。

托福听力练习对照文本

Before we start our first lab, I'd like to tell you a little bit about the workbook we'll be using.

在我们开始我们第一次实验室(活动)之前,我想要告诉你们一点关于我们将要使用的工作手册(的注意事项)

The first thing I'd like to point out is that the workbook contains a very large amount of material, far more than you could ever handle in a single semester.

我想指出的第一件事是这个工作手册包含非常巨大的材料数量,远比你们在一个学期内能够运用的多。

What you're supposed to do is choose the experiments and activities that you want to do—within a certain framework, of course.

你们应当做的是选择你想做的实验和活动—当然,要在一个确定的框架内

Part of my job is to help you make your choices.

我工作的一部分是帮你们做出你们的选择。

Next, I'd like to mention that in each workbook chapter, there are usually two subsections.

接下来,我想提及在工作手册的每一个章节,通常会有两个副章节。

The first is called “Experiments” and the second is called “Activities.”

第一个被称为“实验”,第二个被称为“活动”

In the “Experiments” section, the workbook gives full instructions for all the experiments, including alternate procedures.

在“实验”章节,工作手册给了所有的实验全部的介绍,包括交叉的步骤。

Choose the procedure you wish—there's plenty of equipment available.

选择你希望的步骤——有足够的可用的设备。

In the “Activities” section, you will find suggestions for projects that you could do on your own time.

在“活动”部分,你们将发现对你们能在你们自己的时间所做的项目的建议。

You'll see that there are usually no detailed instructions for the activities—you're supposed to do them your own way.

你将看到通常对活动——你们应该用你们自己的方式做的,没有详细的介绍

If there are no questions, let's turn to Chapter One now.

如果没有问题,现在请翻到第一章。

托福听力练习对照文本

Now we're entering Kangaroo Country.

现在我们正在进入袋鼠的国度。

In all, there are more than fifty different species of kangaroo, and the advantage of zoos like ours is that you see them in their natural habitat.

总共有超过五十种不同的袋鼠,像我们这样的动物园的优势是,你在他们的自然栖息地看到它们。

The ones we have all live in the grasslands.

我们拥有的这些(袋鼠)都生活在这草原上。

On my right, you can see one of the biggest types: the red kangaroo.

在我的右边,你能见到最大的一个品种:红袋鼠。

It travels about 20 miles per hour.

它一个小时大约行进20英里。

It looks like hard work, but hopping actually lets the kangaroo conserve more energy than another animal could when running on four legs.

看起来似乎很辛苦,但是跳跃实际上让袋鼠你能比其他四条腿奔跑的动物保存更多的能量。

In fact, up to a certain point, the faster a kangaroo goes the more energy it conserves.

事实上,在某种程度上,袋鼠行进的越快节省的能量越多。

Rather than taking more hops to increase speed, the kangaroo makes the length of each jump longer.

与其说用更多的跳跃来增加速度,不如说袋鼠使每次的跳跃长度更长。

Let's stop here for a minute. Take a look over on your right at this group of kangaroos resting.

让我们停在这里一小会儿。看看在你的右边正在休息的这群袋鼠。

Can you see that their ears are moving? Hearing may well be the kangaroo's most important sense.

你能看见他们的耳朵在动吗?听力很可能袋鼠的最重要的感觉。

Their two large ears can move independently, so sometimes one ear is pointing forward and the other toward the rear.

它们的两只大耳朵能独立地动,所以有时一只耳朵向前一只耳朵向后。

Kangaroos' eyesight is also excellent. They have a wide field of vision and, like most grazing animals, they are especially good at detecting movement.

袋鼠的视力也很棒。它们有一个宽广的视野,而且,像大多数食草动物一样,它们尤其擅长侦测动作。

Before we move on, I'd like to point out one more thing: If you look closely, you can see a joey that's a baby kangaroo peering out of its mother's pouch.

在我们继续之前,我想再指出一件事:如果你仔细观察,你能见到一只幼仔,那是一只小袋鼠正从妈妈的育儿袋里隐约露出来。

Before long that joey will be out of the pouch for good. The mother will push it out by the time it's eight months old.

不久以后那只幼仔将永久地从育儿袋里出来。妈妈将在它八个月大时强迫它出来。

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