下面是小编整理的GRE阅读备考练习方向讲解，本文共5篇，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“耶没有”提供。
篇1：GRE阅读备考练习方向讲解
GRE阅读备考练习方向讲解 保高分冲满分必备技巧一览
GRE阅读满分训练：词汇
从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是GRE阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求，纵然你有再多的高深解题技巧，也只能在考试中抱憾而归。所以，考生首先应把提高词汇量当成首要完成的任务，只有建立在充足词汇量之上的备考练习，才是真正能够提升考生能力和考试成绩的练习。词汇的重要性，不仅限于阅读，对于整个GRE考试的各个部分都是如此。
GRE阅读满分训练：阅读技巧
GRE的阅读量非常大，很多考生甚至无法在规定时间内把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，难以解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能像一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于GRE的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。
GRE阅读满分训练：解题思路
排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。
除了上述三方面的训练之外，如果能够对一些基本的背景知识加以补充的话，更能确保阅读理解的准确率和速度。综上所述，GRE阅读的真正提高并不是去学习一些技巧，而是在训练中养成一种无意识的使用技巧的习惯，做到实力与技巧巧妙的结合。
GRE阅读：文章结构如何梳理
1.一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览(这里的“毫无感觉”不是略读，而是不希望过多的修饰成分或插入成分影响对句子主干的理解，这四个字需要自己体会)。
2.做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词(如and)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度的词(这个比较难，需要自己体会收集)，原因我会在下面的取舍中谈到。我的做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种(如下划线)，也不要过多，个人感觉最多三种(如括号、圆圈、下划线)，分别标记原因、转折和其他，不过我自己只用下划线和括号。
3.一定要取舍。我以前的标准是：
a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;
b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;
c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。
d)原因——标志词常为BECause、since——一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记。
e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。
f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。
g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。
现在的标准是：上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。
当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。
4. (本来想把这条放在第一位的)我的提高阅读速度的不二法门：反复阅读已经读过的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。
结文之前忽然想起了一点，大家肯定都知道，再提醒一下：每段首句和全文末句一定仔细看。
GRE阅读文章中让步关系
功能：让步关系在GRE阅读文章中往往起到承上启下的作用，而且有让步就必然由转折，这是新GRE阅读里面的一个永恒不变的规律，这为我们理解文章中提供了新的思路。
标志词：新GRE阅读文章中的让步关系多种多样，大部分是比较明显的，标志性的词有 still，nevertheless, in spite of, all the same, even so, after all, ofcourse等。此外，还有一类特别值得关注的让步关系，即由do, may,have引导的强调句作让步，这类让步往往是考生容易忽视的地方，而恰恰是容易出题的地方。
案例分析：Black Fiction does leave some aestheticquestions open. Rosenblatt's thematic analysis permits considerableobjectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention tojudge the merit of the various works — yet his reluctance seemsmisplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led tointeresting results. For instance …
In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in hisdiscussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fictionsurveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in theprocess some fascinating and little-known works like James WeldonJohnson's Autobiraphy of an Ex- Colored Man. Its argument is tightlyconstructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheadedand penetrating criticism.
这是一篇考过的GRE阅读文章中的最后两段，在上面的一段的第一句，作者用does来强调BlackFiction遗留下一些审美问题，同时表示让步。GRE阅读中，有让步就必然又转折，真正的转折在下一段。从下一段的第一句in spite ofsuch omission,就可以看出，文章开始真正的转折了。在这里，in spite of suchomission这一句起到承上启下的作用，从来这句话中可以看出，Rosenblatt的作品的确存在冗长的现象，但是Rosenblatt作品里也确实有很多值得研究的地方!借助让步关系，我们可以把握住作者的态度，及其文章的逻辑结构。
在新GRE阅读文章中，我们分析文章说到底是为了更加准确的做题。通过让步关系，我们把握住作者的态度，在做态度题(GRE阅读的必然练习题)的时候，就有了胜算。例如，这篇文章下面有一道这样的题：
The author's discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as
(A) Pedantic and contentious
(B) Critical but admiring
(C) Ironic and deprecating
(D) Argumentative but unfocused
(E) Stilted and insincere
纵观全文，可以看出作者对这本书是正评价，但不是彻底的正评价，因为有让步。要找的答案是主态度的正评价，但不是完全的正评价，有保留的。A、C、E都是由and连接，无法表示让步和转折，故此不可以;D有but，但D的but之后为负评价，也不行。只有B，虽然批评，但是推崇，是有让步的正评价。可见，通过让步关系来把握作者的态度，不仅有助于提高做态度题的速度，而且还提高了准确度。
篇2：GRE阅读备考如何练习长难句
GRE阅读备考如何练习长难句应对能力
什么是GRE长难句
在GRE阅读里常常读到的那些很长、很怪异的句子，我们称之为GRE长难句。这些语法复杂的长难句，再加上夸张的生词，让人难以理解，做题无从下手。往往读到句末，已经忘了前面在说些什么，令很多初学者困惑不已，不得不放弃真正读懂文章的想法。
为何要进行长难句训练
众所周知，GRE考试中阅读占Verbal部分一半的分数。要想得高分，阅读至关重要。GRE阅读对时间的要求很高，而且句子不仅长而且结构十分复杂。要想能够尽快读懂GRE阅读，尽可能避免生词影响，并且提高做题的正确率，就需要进行长难句训练。通过对句子结构进行分析，把握主谓宾等关键句子成分，能够有效避免插入语，倒装等复杂句式对句意的影响，从而能够帮助考生在短时内理解句子大意，做对题目，而无需知道句子里每个单词的意思。
进行过长难句训练的考生，所有的长难句读一遍就懂，可有效避免反复阅读造成的时间浪费，大大提高了阅读速度，以便能够在规定的时间里完成所有题目;其次，高分题的正确率有所提升，因为与长难句对应的题目一般都有较高的分值;第三，阅读文章时的理解力增强，提高对文章整体的把握能力;第四，读阅读时充满自信，不再畏惧长句难词，真正能与文章内容和作者的思路打交道。GRE长难句绝非不可攻克，只要训练方法得当，并且能每天坚持半小时左右进行练习，GRE长难句完全可以在一个月甚至几周内被攻破。
长难句训练方法论
面对长难句时，一定要强迫自己遵守好以下原则，才能真正训练好自己对长难句的把握。在拿到长难句后，按照长难句训练原则阅读，再长的句子一定要一口气读下来，对意群完整度的训练非常有帮助。其次，每天保证一定的训练量，每天3组，复习间隙拿出来看看，有益身心健康。当句子结构已经分析透彻之后，适当背诵一些句子，用到作文里。这样还能提升作文水平。
GRE阅读：必备技巧
1.一句话只看一遍，充分利用自己的语法知识，时刻把握句子主干，修饰成分要毫无感觉得快速浏览(这里的“毫无感觉”不是略读，而是不希望过多的修饰成分或插入成分影响对句子主干的理解，这四个字需要自己体会)。
2.做标记除了大写字母、时间年代、最高级、转折标志词、因果标志词、列举、让步、强对比以外，还要标记出并列连接词(如and)、分号、冒号、表示作者态度的词(这个比较难，需要自己体会收集)，原因我会在下面的取舍中谈到。我的做标记的小窍门：标记符号不要只用一种(如下划线)，也不要过多，个人感觉最多三种(如括号、圆圈、下划线)，分别标记原因、转折和其他，不过我自己只用下划线和括号。
3.一定要取舍。我以前的标准是：
a)让步分句(如：带although的分句、带it is true的分句、带do的分句等)一律跳过(但是用括号括起来)，只看后半个分句;
b)such as后的内容一律跳过，也用括号括起来，不过我会数数列举的个数，如果是4个，则必出题，其他个数不用管，出题了再回头看;
c)for example举例只要提炼关键词的首字母就可以了，也要括起来，重点看后面或前面的结论。
d)原因——标志词常为BECause、since——一律跳过，括起来，只看结果。比较容易被忽略的是result in和result from，遇到这两个，我在下面划横线做标记。
e)老观点只把握关键词、知道讲的是什么就行，其他一律跳过。
f)冒号后一律跳过，冒号下做标记。
g)分号后一律跳过，因为表示并列，内容和前面大体一致，分号做标记，出题的话再回来看。
现在的标准是：上面这些全看，因为速度上来了，但看这些内容时仍然是“毫无感觉”地看，可以不用担心它们会分散注意力了。
当这些内容都做标记后，文章结构就非常清楚了，哪儿是举例、哪儿是结论、哪儿是原因、哪儿是转折一目了然，定位非常容易。
4. (本来想把这条放在第一位的)我的提高阅读速度的不二法门：反复阅读已经读过的文章，5遍左右吧!慢慢地就会产生一种直觉，知道哪里略读哪里重读。
GRE阅读练习之蝴蝶产卵
Upon maturity,monarch butterflies travel hundreds of miles from their places of origin and lay their eggs on milkweed. The caterpillars that emerge feed on milkweed and absorb the glycosides in milkweed sap. The specific glycosides present in milkweed differ from region to region within the monarch butterfly’s range. Mature butterflies retain the glycosides in a mature monarch butterfly could be used to determine its place of origin.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Mature monarch butterflies do not feed on parts of milkweed that contain glycosides.
B. The glycosides in milkweed sap are slightly toxic to caterpillars of other species.
C. The vast majority of the monarch butterflies that are laying eggs in a given region will have traveled there from a single region.
D. There are substances other than glycosides in milkweed sap that accumulate in a monarch caterpillar and are retained in the body of the mature butterfly.
E. There are certain glycosides that are found in the sap of all milkweeds, no matter where they grow within the monarch butterfly’s range.
GRE阅读
篇3：如何备考GRE阅读
如何备考GRE阅读
众所周知长阅读是GRE阅读中的一个难点，文章长已经不是问题了，而是在有限的时间内不仅要读完这么长的一篇文章，还要快速理清文章的脉络和逻辑帮助你作答。
要想提高长阅读的做题能力，就必须要以提高阅读速度为首要目标，从而，提高重要信息的抓取能力，主要逻辑线的整理能力，以及视角功能词，逻辑词等的标记能力。
提高单词的识别能力
提高单词的识别能力并不是说需要你认识文章中的所有单词，比如一些抽象名词，需要根据上下文来推测，不认识也没有关系。
而需要识别的是一些重要的具有态度方向的形容词，负向动词，因为这些词恰恰反映了作者的态度和文章的转折、递进等逻辑结构。
长难句训练
GRE考试的题目句子大都比较长，所以长难句的训练是必要的，每天都看 一点GRE 长难句图解与精练，自己尽量分析，画逻辑图的方式，差不多每天5-10句花费10-20分钟左右的时间即可。
GRE 逻辑框架训练
逻辑框架的训练就是要求同学们在分析文章时，要注重预测下文的行文方向，理清楚文章的框架和主旨，是什么观点，是怎么论证的，有哪些重要的证据。
要多去思考及分析，做到主动阅读而非被动阅读。
限时训练
就如前文所说，咱们的核心就是要提高文章的阅读速度，读文章的时候，把握住文章的逻辑结构和主要观点即可，不需要深究细节，把握阅读及做题的pace，这需要一定时间的练习，所以在备考后期要逐渐开始进行限时训练，考前进行模考练习，专门针对考试的时间分配进行适应性训练。
综合练习
做GRE阅读的时候切忌完全的翻译成中文去理解，而是去分析文章的逻辑结构，可以利用逻辑单项里的题型：
比如：recognizethe assumption，review/evaluate the argument : weaken，strengthen, find the missing but must-be-true informationthat can be inferred and mostly supported by the passages, and apply theprinciples from the authors。
或者，也可以运用Argument作文中的驳论结构去找文章的行文结构。切忌翻译理解哦~~
GRE阅读记忆训练的三个步骤
如何培养考试所需的短期记忆能力呢?下面的小编将为你介绍具体步骤：
步骤一：首先记住文章框架
1.在3.5分钟左右阅读文章。
2.在每一段的结尾，一句话概括了该段的主要思路。
3.读完全文后，浏览每一段主旨，并做一个归纳性的总结。
4. 提炼文章的整体主旨。
上述步骤可以帮助考生熟悉全文并加快解决问题的速度。
步骤二：回顾检查记忆内容
1. 把刚才看过的文章翻过去，暂时不去看。
2. 在纸上写下刚才的每段主旨和文章整体主旨。
检查记忆是测试你在文章中实际记住了多少内容，这实际上也是GRE阅读理解考察的能力。
如果在刚开始练习时没有记住任何内容并不重要，但请不要在此阶段直接阅读该文章。只要尽可能地记下你记得的东西即可。
步骤三：结合记忆答题
1.现在我们可以把刚刚的文章翻回来再看一遍。
2.如果主题涉及到特定的细节，比如在某一行中描述特定的内容，那么立即找到文章的相关部分寻找答案。
3.如果这不是一个细节题，直接回答它。
4.如果能够确定答案，便立刻回答并继续进行下一个问题。
5.如果不能确认答案，再返回文章快速找到。
6.如果前面的步骤无法解决问题，那就做个记号空下，继续跟进下一个问题。
GRE阅读备考真题解析之器官移植
The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response) of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.
17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?
(A) Explicate their main features
(B) Suggest an alternative to them
(C) Examine their virtues and limitations
(D) Criticize the major evidence used to support them(E)
(E) Present findings that qualify them
18. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the
(A) size of their livers
(B) constitution of their skin
(C) strength of their immune-response reactions
(D) sensitivity of their antigens(C)
(E) adaptability of their lymphocytes
19. According to the hypothesis of the author, after a successful liver transplant, the reason that rats do not reject further transplants of other organs from the same donor is that the
(A) transplantation antigens of the donor and the recipient become matched
(B) lymphocytes of the recipient are weakened by the activity of the transplanted liver
(C) subsequently transplanted organ is able to repair the damage caused by the recipient’s immune-response reaction
(D) transplanted liver continues to be the primary locus for the recipient’s immune-response reaction(D)
(E) recipient is unable to manufacture the lymphocytes necessary for the immune-response reaction
20. Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors’ hypothesis?
I. Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.
II. Increasing the strength of the recipient’s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.
III. Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.
IV. Preventing lymphocytes from being concentrated at the liver transplant produces acceptance of skin transplants.
(A) II only
(B) I and III only
(C) II and IV only
(D) I, II, and III only(A)
(E) I, III, and IV only
GRE双语阅读：五件事加快衰老速度
Your Lunchtime cola
午餐时的可乐
What it ages: Your bones
老化部位：骨骼
The science: Older women who drank a cola every day had significantly lower bone-mineral density than those who consumed less than one cola per month, according to a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. It’s not exactly clear why cola had this effect, but the study researchers believe that it could be the combination of caffeine and phosphoric acid (which most other carbonated drinks don’t have) that causes the problem.
科学研究：《美国临床营养期刊》研究发现，年纪较大的女性如果每天喝一杯可乐，骨密度会远低于那些每月只喝不到一杯可乐的同龄女性。尚不明确可乐为何会产生这种影响，不过许多研究者认为可能是咖啡因与磷酸(其他大多数碳酸饮料不含该成分)结合，造成这个问题。
What you can do: Cut back. Keep in mind that diet cola had similar effects and, to a lesser extent, so did decaf versions. If you need bubbles, try seltzer instead.
解决办法：少饮可乐。记住，健怡可乐也会影响骨密度，不过程度比较轻，脱咖啡因可乐亦如此。如果你想喝碳酸饮料，选择苏打水泡腾片吧。
Your Daily Commute
日常交通
What it ages: Your skin
老化部位：皮肤
The science: The air you’re exposed to on the highway is no friend to your complexion. Traffic-related pollution can lead to age spots, according to a review in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, while another review in Frontiers in Environmental Science found that pollution contributes to overall skin aging, plus other problems like acne, eczema and psoriasis.
科学研究：路上的空气可不是皮肤的好朋友。《皮肤病学研究杂志》表明，交通污染会引发老年斑。《环境科学前沿》还发现，污染会导致皮肤整体老化并产生一系列问题，如粉刺、痤疮和牛皮鲜。
What you can do: Until someone comes up with a way to make a long commute shorter, these tips should help. First, if you drive an older car, roll your windows down instead of up when you’re sitting in traffic. (With an older air-filter system, you’ll just breath in your car’s own exhaust if you keep them up). Second, apply a topical antioxidant product to your face, neck in the morning to help protect your skin from environmental pollution.
解决办法：如果行程不可缩短，那这些方法也许有用。首先，如果你开的是旧车，开车时要把车窗摇下来。因为旧车的空气过滤设备老化，摇起车窗只会吸入车的尾气。其次，在脸和脖子上涂一些抗氧化性产品，减少环境污染带来的伤害。
A Hypercritical Boss
吹毛求疵的老板
What it ages: Your brain
老化部位：大脑
The science: Anxiety and stress can shrink your hippocampus, and in people already experiencing the cognitive decline that can lead to Alzheimer’s, they could potentially speed up the progression of the disease.
科学研究：压力和焦虑会使大脑中的海马体缩小。对于那些认知能力已经开始下降的、可能会得老年痴呆症的人来说，病情可能会加速发展。
Your hippocampus controls memory formation and also plays a role in regulating your emotions. It naturally gets smaller as we age, but a review in Current Opinion in Psychiatry found that stress can cause structural damage and accelerate the shrinking process.
海马体是大脑中负责记忆和感情的部分。随着年龄增加，它会不断缩小。不过，《精神医学最新观点》发现，压力会造成海马体结构性损伤，加速缩小进程。
“Cortisol is released when you’re stressed and cortisol is toxic to the hippocampus,” explains lead study author Linda Mah, an assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Toronto and clinical scientist at the Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care. Before you get anxious about how stress and anxiety are affecting your brain, know this: The researchers concluded that “pathological anxiety and chronic stress” are the real dangers, meaning the kind that’s unrelenting and never seems to go away. If you think that’s what you’re experiencing, talk to your doctor about ways to manage it.
“紧张时会释放出皮质醇，对海马体百害无利，”研究作者Linda Mah表示，同时他还是东京大学的精神学助教、Baycrest老年护理中心的临床科学家。在你焦急的想知道焦虑和紧张是如何影响大脑之前，先弄清楚这些：研究人员认为“病态焦虑和慢性压力”是真正的元凶，这些可是顽固性因子。如果你觉得自己有这些症状，和医生谈谈解决办法。
Dr. Mah led another study in focusing on people with mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. (MCI is considered a precursor to Alzheimer’s. Not everyone with MCI develops Alzheimer’s, but almost all cases of Alzheimer’s start as MCI.) Subjects who experienced anxiety at any time were more likely to progress to Alzheimer’s during the three-year study. The more severe the anxiety, the higher the risk.
Mah医生在做了另一项研究，关注那些患有轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人。MCI是老年痴呆症的早期疾病，不是每一个有MCI的人都会得老年痴呆症，但是大多老年痴呆症的病人都是从患有MCI开始的。在这三年的研究中，容易焦虑的人更容易得老年痴呆症。焦虑程度越高，患病风险也越高。
What you can do: You’ve heard this before, but managing your stress levels is incredibly important. Exercise may be particularly helpful in dealing with work worries, according to a new study in the journal Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, which reported that being physically fit helped protect against the health effects of work-related stress.
解决方法：你之前可能听说过，学会控制压力至关重要。《运动医学与科学》杂志最新研究表明，锻炼也许能帮助减轻工作压力。同时，健康的身体也会帮助我们抵抗工作压力带来的不利影响。
Sleepless Nights
夜间失眠
What they age: Your cells
老化部位：细胞
The science: A startling discovery comes via a study in Biological Psychiatry, which reported that women with five key symptoms of insomnia were almost two years older biologically than women of the same age without sleep issues. (The insomnia symptoms were difficulty falling asleep, restlessness, waking up during the night, trouble dozing off again and waking up too early.) This study didn’t show an obvious cause-and-effect relationship, but study author Steve Horvath, PhD, notes that it’s still good not to let sleep issues linger.
科学研究：生物精神病学研究有一项惊人的发现，有五大失眠症状的女性在生理上要比同龄女性老两岁。五大失眠症包括入睡困难、情绪不安、夜间易醒、午休困难、过早起床。该研究并未显示明显的因果关系，但是研究作者Steve Horvath博士表示还是要解决这些失眠问题。
What you can do: Treat the insomnia. If you’re having trouble sleeping, or notice any of the five symptoms above, ask your doctor for help.
解决方法：治疗失眠。如果你入睡困难，有上述症状，向医生寻求帮助。
An Expanding Waistline
腰围增加
What it ages: Your brain
老化部位：大脑
The science: Our brains naturally lose white matter with age, but researchers from the University of Cambridge found that the brains of overweight and obese people had the same amount of white matter as healthy people 10 years older than them. Being physically unfit in middle age was also linked to smaller brain size, according to research in Neurology.
科学研究：大脑中的白质会随年龄增加而不断损耗。剑桥大学的研究人员发现，体重超重的人大脑中的白质与与比自己大10岁的人含量相当。神经病学研究表明，中年人身体不健康也会导致脑容量减小。
What you can do: Get regular exercise (the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise, or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise, per week) and manage your weight to help keep your brain at a healthy size for your age.
解决方法：锻炼。美国卫生与人类服务部建议，每周至少要有150分钟的有氧运动，或是75分钟的剧烈运动。并且要控制体重，以此保证正常的大脑容量。
篇4：GRE填空阅读备考练习建议技巧
高分学霸分享GRE填空阅读备考练习建议技巧 打好基础是顺利提分第一步
新GRE语文题填空练习建议
1. 单词背诵不能放松
尽管在之前的考试改革中，填空题部分取消了类比反义词，但这并不代表参加GRE考试就不需要很大的词汇量，恰恰相反，现在ETS在填空部分对词汇提出了更高更精确的要求。因此，背单词仍然是参加考试的首要任务。
2. 加大阅读训练质与量
由于新GRE更多的考察大家对于单词的用法和精确含义的掌握，同时在填空中加深了对阅读理解能力的考查。因此，大量的阅读训练必不可少。
3. 适当延长备考周期
相比词汇记忆，阅读理解能力的提高需要话费的时间和精力都更多，在单纯的词汇记忆对分数提高已经没有那么明显的情况下，建议各位考生根据自己的实际英语水平和复习情况适当延长备考时间，给自己更多的学习和准备时间。
4. 抛掉侥幸心理，保持放松心态
虽然新GRE考试的填空题部分依旧只有客观题，但是现在猜对选项的概率相比之前已经大大下降了，所以大家最好还是不要存有侥幸心理，脚踏实地的认真备战。依靠自己的真实实实力应对新GRE考试。
新GRE语文题阅读如何练习与注意
四种错误选项：混偏反无
慎重对待含有强调性语言(最高级、唯一性和比较级)的选项。文字对应法：选项词汇和题干词汇应位于原文同一层次。长选项竖读法：纵向比较所有选项，尤其是开头。找到相同的语言部分。如果某几个选项中相同语言对这个题有用，那么先看这几个选项;否则，先看其它选项或者这几个选项的差异部分。
新GRE语文题阅读做题练习方法：文字定位法
1. 一般做法：文(主题词)。 题干(主题词)。 文(主题词)(时间分配__四六原则)。
2. 排除法不到万不得已不用，将主要时间花在提炼题干上。
3. 两种特殊情况：如果题干主题词在文中多次出现，那么先定位在其首次出现之出;如果题干主题词与主题有关，那么先定位在主题句。
GRE填空500题词汇精选真题详解SECTION12
题目
Partly because of Lee’s skill at synthesizing (i)___ trends drawn from many fields of study, her theories appeared to present, with uncanny aptness, ideas already (ii)___ in the minds of her contemporaries.
Blank (i) Blank (ii)
A. superseded D. discredited
B. irrelevant E. well-established
C. emergent F. half-formulated
正确答案
CF
题目解析
原句翻译：某种程度上，因为 L 有综合其他研究领域新动向的能力，所以她的理论显得异乎寻常的恰当，在其他同代学者整理的基础上推出了自己的观点。
词汇含义
synthesize 综合，合成
supersede 取代，代替，接替
irrelevant 不相干的，离题的
emergent 浮现的，紧急的，突然出现的，新近出现的
trend 趋势，动向
uncanny 异乎寻常的，奇怪的，难以解释的
aptness 恰当，合适，聪颖
discredit 拒绝相信，使怀疑、使不信任，诽谤、败坏…的名声
well-established 存在已久的，成功的
既然 L 借鉴的是趋势 trends 还不是结论性的成果，而且表现出了相当的 aptness，第二空就排除了 DE。
GRE填空500题词汇精选真题详解SECTION12
题目
Unlike most other serious journals, which drain money from their owners, the Review has long been (i)___ . But the formula is not without its imperfections, which have grown more pronounced in recent years. The publication has always been erudite and (ii)___ but not always lively and readable. (iii)___ , accompanied by a certain aversion to risk taking, has pervaded its pages for a long time.
Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)
A. lucrative D. authoritative G. An originality
B. realistic E. animated H. An impulsiveness
C. esteemed F. trendy I. A staleness
正确答案
ADI
题目解析
原句翻译：不像其他严肃的报刊一直亏损，《评论》向来盈利。但这种模式并非没有缺点，而且近年来越发明显。该报素来见识广博、观点权威，但又不够生动，读来艰涩。长期以来陈腐之气充斥版面，也不肯冒险革新。
词汇含义
比较密集地考察了并列与对比关系，and / accompanied by 引导了三对并列关系，unlike / but 标志了两种对比关系。按顺序判断即可。
journal (航海等)日志，议事记录，报纸，期刊
lucrative 有利润的
realistic 现实的，现实主义的
esteemed 受尊崇的
formula 惯用的处理某事物的准则、方案
pronounced 明显的
erudite 博学的，渊博的
authoritative 官方的，权威性的，专断的，命令的
animated 有生命的，充满活力的，栩栩如生的，动画片的
trendy 时髦的
originality 独创性，开创性
impulsiveness 易冲动
staleness 不新鲜，(食物等因不新鲜)变味，陈腐，无新意，不活泼
GRE填空500题词汇精选真题详解SECTION12
题目
Far from ___ innovations, as the patent system was designed to do, the patenting of concepts such as gene sequences give individuals and corporations a legal choke to hold over ideas that should be useful to all.
A. spurring
B. recognizing
C. codifying
D. acknowledging
E. fostering
F. cataloging
正确答案
AE
题目解析
原句翻译：把诸如基因测序这样的概念来拿来注册专利，使个人和企业得以合法地阻碍其为公众造福，也没能达成专利制度的初衷即鼓励创新。
词汇含义
spur 刺激，鞭策，用马刺策马前进
codify 整理，使系统化，将(法律、规则等)编成法典
acknowledge 承认，确认
foster 抚养，促进，培育，怀有(希望、志向等)
catalog 编制…的目录，分类，列目录
GRE填空500题词汇精选真题详解SECTION12
题目
During the Renaissance, the use of optical lenses, which were capable of projecting images onto blank canvases, greatly aided artists by allowing them to accurately observe and depict the external world. In other words, these lenses were instrumental in conveying ___ .
A. idealism
B. optimism
C. ambition
D. realism
E. sanguinity
F. verisimilitude
正确答案
DF
题目解析
原句翻译：文艺复兴时期，光学透镜被用于把图像投射在空白画布上，这极大地帮助了艺术家精确地观察和描绘外部世界。换言之，透镜有助于表达写实主义。
词汇含义
idealism 理想主义，理想化
optimism 乐观主义
ambition 野心，抱负，冲劲
realism 现实主义，写实主义，现实的态度
sanguinity 面色红润，乐观，热情，自信
verisimilitude 逼真，貌似真实，逼真的事物
GRE填空阅读备考练习建议技巧
篇5：GRE阅读提速备考3个训练要点讲解
GRE阅读提速备考3个训练要点讲解 养成正确阅读习惯是关键
适应英语表达方式
因为英语并非我们的母语，很多考生不太习惯英语的表达方式。因为英语的表达与汉语的表达有很大的区分点，所以很多考生在接触到GRE阅读文章的时候都需要一个转换的过程。比如，看到一个单词，都想要先去明白这个单词的意思，再去理解整个句子，并且往往阅读中的很多句子都习惯使用倒装形式，这在一定的程度上又会给考生带来一定的压力。那么怎么解决这种情况呢?通常来说，最好的方法就是熟练，多读文章，不断地阅读与GRE考试相关的文章，经过阅读积累经验，做到不硬纠结一个单词的意思，而是试图通过速读充分了解文章的大致内容和基本逻辑。通过锻炼缩短语言切换的时间，最后达到一种一旦阅读GRE文章就迅速转换到英语环境的模式。
提升逻辑思维能力
很多时候考生可以根据自己的预测来提升自己在GRE阅读中的速度。假设你看到作者在文章中的第一句话设定为many people，prevail，past time等以这些词语做开头，那么你就要在脑海中迅速思考出一点，那就是此篇文章很有可能是关于新老观点交换类的，因为这些词后面往往会紧跟一个老观点，然后一定出新的however，but之类的转折，这就是文章中所提出的新观点。紧接着，你还要迅速分析文章中的方式论证，是老观点出现错误还是有不足之处，这些就是你在看到这种类型的文章时，你应该有的思维逻辑过程。你的思维逻辑过程将帮助你迅速的融入到文章中，因为此后的文章内容很可能与你事先判断出来的结构相符。
忽略非重点词汇
英语与我们的母语表达习惯的不同，你需要在GRE阅读中忽略一些介词，冠词之类的词汇。因为如同在中文阅读过程中，大家都会跳过“的”这种词一样，考生应该尽量避免这些词汇对你的影响，因为有时候这些介词在英语中构成的结构，使你很难直接去理解句子的意思，这样你会浪费很多时间在不认识的句子上，从而对你的答题时间造成一定的困扰。
总而言之，GRE阅读的提升是需要依靠你的多加练习才可以取得成功的，需要通过改变你的GRE阅读习惯，提升你对GRE文章结构的预判，还要和读中文文章一样，掌握GRE阅读技巧。那么经过长时间的训练，你会发现自己的阅读速度会有一个突飞猛进的进步。希望各位考生在今后的练习中都能得到提升!期待认真备考，以便在GRE考试中顺利答题，取得优异的成绩。
GRE考试《阅读理解》练习题及答案
Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed skinks (a species of lizard) homed (returned to their nests) more successfully when displaced shorter distances. There are two reasons why homing success rates decreased with increasing displacement distance. One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home. However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used. The second possibility deals with trade-offs between the risks associated with making a long return trip and the benefits of returning. Animals should expend energy only when the associated costs are low. As reptiles increase the time spent moving, their daily energy expenditure increases dramatically. The energetic costs of returning home and the chances that the eggs will have been preyed upon during the return trip both increase substantially as displacement distance increases. For example, the 130 hours (5.5 days) that female skinks spent returning from a distance of 300 meters is sufficient for an egg-eating snake to locate and prey upon the entire clutch. However, females with larger clutches were more likely to home at distances over 50 meters. For these females, the relative fitness benefits associated with having more eggs successfully hatch may outweigh the energetic costs of returning to a nest site, even if the nest may have already been preyed upon.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. question the validity of research on nest-guarding behavior in long-tailed skinks
B. consider explanations for a finding regarding long-tailed skinks
C. discuss the importance of homing for long-tailed skinks
D. describe the relationship between clutch size and homing success in long-tailed skinks
E. identify the benefits of a behavior common among long-tailed skinks
2. The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?
A. They were less able to detect egg-eating predators than were the other long-tailed skinks studied.
B. They were more averse to risk than were the other long-tailed skinks studied
C. They expended less energy when homing than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.
D. They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.
E. They had significantly smaller clutches than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.
3. The “second possibility” implies which of the following as a possible explanation for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over 50 meters ?
A. They had relatively small clutches
B. They were unable to find their way home
C. They lacked sufficient energy to home successfully
D. They had male long-tailed skinks guarding their clutches
E. They detected evidence of egg-eating snakes In the vicinity of their nests.
P46
1
Our study revealed that nest-guarding long-tailed skinks (a species of lizard) homed (returned to their nests) more successfully when displaced shorter distances.
我们的研究显示，守窝长尾石龙子(一种蜥蜴)被移动的距离越短，返家(回窝)成功率越高。
2
There are two reasons why homing success rates decreased with increasing displacement distance.
随移动距离变长回窝成功率变低的原因有二。
3
One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home.
一种可能，单纯是因为雌石龙子被移动得太远，找不到家了。
4
However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used.
然而，这不大可能，因为一些个体无论被移动多远，都成功回窝。
5
The second possibility deals with trade-offs between the risks associated with making a long return trip and the benefits of returning.
第二种可能，涉及 在 长途跋涉回家的风险 与 回到的好处 之间权衡利弊。
6
Animals should expend energy only when the associated costs are low.
动物理应在相关代价较低时消耗能量。
7
As reptiles increase the time spent moving, their daily energy expenditure increases dramatically.
因为爬行动物移动慢，它们一整天消耗的能量剧增。
8
The energetic costs of returning home and the chances that the eggs will have been preyed upon during the return trip both increase substantially as displacement distance increases.
随着被移动的距离增加，回窝要消耗的能量，以及在此期间蛋被吃掉的几率都增加了。
9
For example, the 130 hours (5.5 days) that female skinks spent returning from a distance of 300 meters is sufficient for an egg-eating snake to locate and prey upon the entire clutch.
比如说，雌石龙子花 130 小时(5.5 天)跋涉 300 米回窝，已经足够蛇定位以及吃掉所有的蛋。
(clutch 一次产或孵的蛋)
10
However, females with larger clutches were more likely to home at distances over 50 meters.
然而，守着大窝的雌性仍然更可能在被移动超过 50 米的情况下回窝。
11
For these females, the relative fitness benefits associated with having more eggs successfully hatch may outweigh the energetic costs of returning to a nest site, even if the nest may have already been preyed upon.
对于这些雌性来说，让更多蛋成功孵化的相对适应性利益，超过了回窝会消耗的能量，即便蛋可能已经被吃了。
(fitness 最早讲这个概念在 15 / 36 P1，有兴趣的同学去翻
基因适应度，指特定条件下，某个体让自己的基因进入后代基因库的能力，也就是让自己携带的基因尽量延续下去的能力。
)
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. question the validity of research on nest-guarding behavior in long-tailed skinks
B. consider explanations for a finding regarding long-tailed skinks
C. discuss the importance of homing for long-tailed skinks
D. describe the relationship between clutch size and homing success in long-tailed skinks
E. identify the benefits of a behavior common among long-tailed skinks
选 B
评估 对 一项关于长尾石龙子的观察发现 的多种解释。
finding 就是有的回窝，有的不回。
2. The claim in the highlighted sentence assumes which of the following about the individuals that managed to find their way home from each distance?
A. They were less able to detect egg-eating predators than were the other long-tailed skinks studied.
B. They were more averse to risk than were the other long-tailed skinks studied
C. They expended less energy when homing than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.
D. They did not possess better homing skills than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.
E. They had significantly smaller clutches than did the other long-tailed skinks studied.
选 D
难题。
首先在于问法，即对于那些被移动多远都回窝了的石龙子，这句话隐含了什么假设。
One possibility is that females were simply displaced too far to find their way home. However, this is unlikely given that some individuals managed to find their way home from each distance we used.
不妨把句 3 - 4 连起来看。
句 3 说，一些雌石龙子不回家，单纯是因为找不到路了，to far to find their way home 。句 4 则否认了这种可能 this is unlikely，因为有一些始终要回家，也成功地回了家。
看到这里，如果你足够敏锐，就该意识到这样一种情况：可能有一只，它想回家，但因为找不到路，只能在外面瞎打转干着急。
文中有提到这样的，想回家又回不了的石龙子吗?
没有。
后文提到了两种情况，一种是想了想不回了因为不值(言外之意，想回还是能回的)，一种是想过了无论如何要回也确实回去了。
你注意到了吗，两种情况的区别只在于 trade-offs 对收益与风险的权衡，不在于认路的能力，即文章的作者认为所有石龙子都一样认路，想回家就一定能找到路。
这就是这句话隐含的假设：回家的并不比其他更认路。
现在做完这道题，你认为作者在文中的论证是否存在问题?其结论是否成立?
其实，这道题非常犀利地指出了文章逻辑的不足。作为一项意在考察蜥蜴是否回家的研究，竟然因为有的蜥蜴成功回家，就假设所有蜥蜴都像上帝一样认路。回头再看看，这道题中竟然一个科学家的名字都没出现过，我怀疑这篇 “ 文章 ” 是 ETS 编的，而不是改写的，故意卖个逻辑上的破绽好出题。
3. The “second possibility” implies which of the following as a possible explanation for the female long-tailed skinks that failed to home from distances over 50 meters ?
A. They had relatively small clutches
B. They were unable to find their way home
C. They lacked sufficient energy to home successfully
D. They had male long-tailed skinks guarding their clutches
E. They detected evidence of egg-eating snakes In the vicinity of their nests.
选 A
注意问法，从 “ second possibility ” 出发推断可能的解释。根据句 10 - 11 可选出 A 。其实 B / C / E 都是比较有可能的推测，只是因为文章的逻辑缺陷，三者都得不到表达。
GRE阅读题目解析:河生雌鳚鱼选择巢穴
When selecting a nest, the female of the river blenny (a small fish) appears to be sensitive to both size and orientation. Blennies deposit their eggs preferably in nests under large stones and in nests facing southeast. Southeast-facing nests contain larger egg clutches, a fact that cannot be completely explained by differences in nest stone sizes. Moreover, in a recent study, current speeds upstream of the nest and at the nest entrance were similar for nests facing southeast and those facing in other directions. A southeast-facing entrance per se thus seems to be the specific nest feature preferred by females, rather than the effect of selective positioning on current at nest entrance. The reasons for this preference are unclear, however.
1. The passage is concerned with which of the following
A. Determining the different ways in which current speeds can influence the nesting preferences of female river blennies
B. Establishing nest orientation as a determining factor in egg laying among female river blennies
C. Questioning the importance of nest size as an influence on egg laying among female river blennies
D. Comparing the features of female river blennies that face southeast with those of nests facing in other directions
E. Examining how female river blennies determine the relative importance of nest size versus nest orientation
2. The author of the passage considers “current speeds” in order to
A. identify a factor that undermines the significance of nest stone size for female river blennies
B. indicate one possible advantage of river blenny nests that do not face southeast
C. eliminate a possible explanation for a nest orientation tendency among female river blennies
D. indicate why female river blennies are sensitive to both size and orientation of possible nests
E. suggest a reason why many female blennies prefer southeast-facing nests
1
When selecting a nest, the female of the river blenny (a small fish) appears to be sensitive to both size and orientation.
选择巢穴时，河生雌鳚鱼(一种小鱼)似乎对大小和朝向都有挑剔。
(
鳚 [blenny]
鲈形目鳚亚目许多种鱼类的统称。大多体型小，海产，广布于热带到寒带海域。体细长如鳗。生活于各种生境，包括岩潭、沙滩、礁盘和藻床。多数生活于浅水，但有些可深至水下450米处。有些主要为草食性，有些则部分或完全为肉食性。一般为底栖，没有多少经济价值。
(大英袖珍百科)
Australian blenny (Ecsenius axelrodi) in East Timor.
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blennioidei)
)
2
Blennies deposit their eggs preferably in nests under large stones and in nests facing southeast.
鳚鱼更喜欢把卵产在大石下以及朝向东南的巢中。
3
Southeast-facing nests contain larger egg clutches, a fact that cannot be completely explained by differences in nest stone sizes.
产在朝向东南的巢中的卵更大，这无法用巢的大小完全地解释。
4
Moreover, in a recent study, current speeds upstream of the nest and at the nest entrance were similar for nests facing southeast and those facing in other directions.
此外，最近一项研究显示东南朝向与其他朝向，巢受水流冲刷的速度与巢口的水流速度都相近。
(这里翻译不是很确定，坦白一下我的想法。
upstream 逆流的，向上游的
upstream of the nest 我理解为，巢是不动的，upstream of the nest 指水流冲刷巢，也就是那块石头的速度
有不同理解请留言指导我)
5
A southeast-facing entrance per se thus seems to be the specific nest feature preferred by females, rather than the effect of selective positioning on current at nest entrance.
所以，入口西南朝向本身，似乎是雌鱼择巢的特征，而不是因为巢口水流速度而选择巢口的朝向。
6
The reasons for this preference are unclear, however.
然而，这种偏好的原因仍未探明。
1. The passage is concerned with which of the following
A. Determining the different ways in which current speeds can influence the nesting preferences of female river blennies
B. Establishing nest orientation as a determining factor in egg laying among female river blennies
C. Questioning the importance of nest size as an influence on egg laying among female river blennies
D. Comparing the features of female river blennies that face southeast with those of nests facing in other directions
E. Examining how female river blennies determine the relative importance of nest size versus nest orientation
选 B
确定巢的朝向是河生雌性鳚鱼产卵的决定因素。
establish 此处解释为 确定、证实。
A 错。句 5 告诉我们，水流速度没啥区别 similar 。
C 错。文章没有质疑大石偏好，只在句 2 提了一下：Blennies deposit their eggs preferably in nests under large stones and in nests facing southeast.
D 错在 features of female river blennies，没有讨论鱼，只讨论了巢，水流什么的。
E 错。没有比较两种因素哪个更重要。
2. The author of the passage considers “current speeds” in order to
A. identify a factor that undermines the significance of nest stone size for female river blennies
B. indicate one possible advantage of river blenny nests that do not face southeast
C. eliminate a possible explanation for a nest orientation tendency among female river blennies
D. indicate why female river blennies are sensitive to both size and orientation of possible nests
E. suggest a reason why many female blennies prefer southeast-facing nests
选 C
去掉一种可能的解释。
需要读懂整段才能做对：
鱼产卵有两种偏好，大石头，开口朝东南。文段着重讨论了开口朝向的问题，但也只能通过实验推出，鱼这么选跟水流速度无关，至于真正的原因，目前还不知道。
综上，选 C 。
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