下面是小编帮大家整理的直接引语与间接引语专练 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)，本文共10篇，希望对大家带来帮助，欢迎大家分享。本文原稿由网友“FIN”提供。
篇1：直接引语与间接引语专练 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)
直接引语与间接引语专练
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.
A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how
2. -Joyce, please don’t open the window.
-Pardon?
-I ______ open the window.
A. tell you don’t B. tell you not to
C. told you didn’t D. told you not to
3. He _____ they didn’t start early they wouldn’t catch the first bus.
A. said that if B. asked if
C. asked whether D. said that whether
4. He asked _______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much I paid
D. how much did I pay
5. The teacher asked us ______ so much noise. (北京)
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
6. The doctor asked me what _______ with me.
A. is wrong B. wrong is C. was wrong D. wrong was
7. He asked the boy where _______.
A. his mother was B. was his mother
C. his mother is D. is his mother
8. They said at last that they _______ better start out at once.
A. had had B. had C. had been D. was
9. The teacher said that doubt _______ the key of knowledge.
A. were B. are C. was D. is
10. The actor said he _______ born in 1984.
A. was B. is C. be D. had been
II. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语，间接引语变为直接引语。
1. Mr. Stone said, “May I have a cup of tea?”
Mr. Stone ______________________.
2. The nurse said, “Let the children wash their hands themselves.”
The nurse ______________________.
3. My uncle said, “Do not open the window.”
My uncle _______________________.
4. John asked Mary, “ What do you know about the sea?”
John asked Mary ________________.
5. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
The teacher said that _____________.
6. The teacher told Tom to be careful with his pronunciation.
_______________________________.
7. She asked me to open the door.
_______________________________.
8. My mother advised me to have a good rest.
_______________________________.
9. Peter asked me when I would leave Athens.
_______________________________.
10. He asked me how I was getting along with my studies then.
______________________________.
Key:
I. 1-5 BDACD 6-10 CABDA
II. 1. Mr. Stone asked if / whether he might have a cup of tea.
2. The nurse suggested (that) the children (should) wash their hands themselves.
3. My uncle told us not to open the window.
4. John asked Mary what she knew about the sea.
5. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
6. The teacher said, “Be careful with your pronunciation, Tom.”
7. “Would you please open the door?” she asked.
8. “Why not have a good rest?” my mother said to me.
9. “When will you leave Athens?” Peter asked me.
10. He asked me, “How are you getting along with your studies now? ”
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：直接引语和间接引语 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
直接引语和间接引语
直接引语是直接引述别人的原话，原话用有引号，而间接引语是引述别人的话，不用引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语改为间接引语时，引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间、时态的形式不变。例如：She says, “ I’ll never forget the moment变成间接引语为She says that she’ll never forget the moment.但是如引述动词为过去时，间接引语
中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应
的变化。遵循下列规律：
一、一般规律。
在直接引语中 在间接引语中
指示代词 this
these that
those
时间状语
now
today
yesterday
last week
tomorrow
next year
Two days ago Then
that day
the day before
the week before
the next day
the next year
two days before
地点状语 here there
动词时态
一般现在时
现左进行时
现在完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时 一般过去时
过去进行时
过去完成时
过去完成时
（不变）
过去将来时
动词变化
can/may
must
come
bring could/might
had to
go
take
二、三要素。
我们要很好地掌握直接引语变间接引语这一语法项目，关键要掌握下列“三要素”。
要素一：陈述句的间接引语--连接词用that，在口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told, ,等。例如：
1) He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”→
He told me that he had left his book in his room.
2) She said: “He will be busy.”→
She said that he would be busy.
要素二： 疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him等，例如：
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→
She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.
1) She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”→
She asked me whether that book was mine or his.
(2) 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：
The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” →
The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.
要素三：祈使句的间接引语--采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
told
即 asked sb. (not) to do sth.
ordered
warned
注意：引语中的呼语可改成宾语。引语中的please 去掉，动词改为 ask
1) The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.” →
The teacher told the students not to waste their time.
2) The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”→
The mother asked Tom to get up early.
三、“五不变”
在直接引语变间接引语时，还要注意以下五种不变的特殊情况。
1． 直接引语如果是客观真理，谚（习）语，变间接引语时时态不变。例如：
The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”→
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”→
My father said practice makes perfect.
2. 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的，习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的，变间接引语时，时态保持不变，例如：
The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”→
The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.
He said, “We are still students.’→
He said they are still students.
3． 直接引语如果有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变。例如：
He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”→
He told me that he was born in 1978.
The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”→
The engineer said he was at college in 1967.
4．直接引语中凡有When， since，while 引导的从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句时态，从句的时态不变。例如：
He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.” →
He said he had studied English since he was a boy.
She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.→
She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.
Mr. Green said to them, “Joe told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”→
Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.
5．如果直接引语中引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变。例如：
He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.→
He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.
She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”→
She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.
另外，如果说话人转述自己的话，人称则可不变. 例如：
I said to him, “I have finished it.”→I told him I had finished it.
如果就在当地转述, here不必变为there，come不必改为go，如果就在当天转述，则today, yesterday, tomorrow等状语也不必变化。例如：
She said to us, I’ll come here tomorrow.”→
She told us she would come here tomorrow.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：直接引语和间接引语(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
直接引语和间接引语
【学习指南】
直接引语就是直接地引用或复述别人的话，并放在引号内。间接引语则是说话人用自己的话转述他人的原话，被转述的内容不放在引号内。间接引语是说话者站在自己的角度进行转述，因此，不同的直接引语要用不同的句式来进行转述，且直接引语中的代词、动词的时态以及时间或地点状语都要有相应的变化，部分引述动词有时也需做适当的调整。
这些变化有一定的规则，但在具体运用时往往呈现复杂的情况。本章的学习重点是要掌握陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句等由直接引语变为间接引语最基本的规则，特别是特殊疑问句转换成间接引语时的词序变化、时态的前后呼应以及规则以外的不同变化。准确地进行直接引语和间接引语的转换有助于我们准确地进行交际。
一、直接引语与间接引语的转换
在将直接引语转换为间接引语时，不仅句式上要有变化，而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。
1、引语转换时的句式变化
不同的直接引语句式，如：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句，转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则，还要注意根据句意，使用适当的引述动词。
（1）陈述句的间接引语
将陈述句转换为间接引语，通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。
He said, “I caught a cold yesterday.”
他说：“我昨天感冒了。”
He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.
他说他前天感冒了。
Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”
海伦说：“我讨厌参加这种考试。”
Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams.
海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。
【点津坊】
在下列情况下，往往要保留that。
① that 的省略会产生歧义。
Linda said disappointedly that when she arrived at the station, the train had already left.
琳达很失望地说，她到达车站时火车已经开走了。（如不用that，when状语从句既可以理解为修饰said, 又可以理解为修饰had left）
② 当引述动词后面不止跟一个that引导的从句时，第二个that不能省略。
He said (that) he was leaving for Europe the next week and that he would stay there for half a year. 他说他下周要到欧洲去并在那里呆半年。（第二个that不能省略）
（2）疑问句的间接引语
直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接问句。引述的动词常用ask, inquire, wonder, want to know等。间接问句的词序一般都用正常词序，句末不用问号，用句号。
①一般疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为一般疑问句时，用连词whether或if 引导，某些表示请求的疑问句也可以转换成间接祈使句。
I asked him, “Are you satisfied with the results?”
我问他：“你对这结果满意吗？”
I asked him whether he was satisfied with the results.
我问他对这结果是否满意。
“Did you go to the British Museum yesterday?” asked Kate.
凯特问：“你昨天有没有去大英博物馆？”
Kate asked me if I had gone to the British Museum the day before.
凯特问我昨天有没有去大英博物馆。
The old man said to a passer-by, “Will you tell me the way to get to the Great Wall Hotel?”
那位老人跟一位过路人说：“请问到长城饭店的路怎么走。”
The old man asked a passer-by to tell him the way to the Great Wall Hotel.
那位老人请一位过路人告诉他去长城饭店的路。
②选择疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为选择疑问句时，用连词whether/if…or…引导。
He said, “Are you interested in English or not?”
他说：“你是否对英语感兴趣?”
He asked (me) whether I was interested in English or not.
他问我是否对英语感兴趣。
“Do you like Chinese food or Japanese food?” he asked.
他问：“你喜欢中国食物还是日本食物？”
He asked whether / if I liked Chinese food or Japanese food.
他问我喜欢中国食物还是日本食物。
③特殊疑问句的间接引语
直接引语为特殊疑问句，转换为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
“What do you do in your free time?” he asked me.
他问我：“你业余时间干什么？”
He asked me what I did in my free time.
他问我业余时间做什么。
“Why did she go to America?” Paul asked.
保罗问：“她为什么去美国？”
Paul asked why she had gone to America.
保罗问她为什么去了美国。
【小帖士】
“What’s the matter with you?”和“What’s wrong with you?”改为间接引语时词序不变。
He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我出什么事了。
He asked me what was the matter with me. 他问我怎么了。
（3）祈使句的间接引语
直接引语如果是祈使句，变成间接引语后，叫间接祈使句。
①祈使句表示命令时，要把直接引语的动词say变成command, order, tell等动词，被转述的部分改为动词不定式。否定祈使句改为not to do结构。
“Stay where you are,” she said.
她说：“呆在原地。”
She told me to stay where I was.
她告诉我呆在原地。
“Don’t smoke in the room,” he said.
他说：“别在房间里抽烟。”
He told me not to smoke in the room.
她叫我别在房间里抽烟。
②祈使句表示请求时，常把直接引语的动词say变成ask, beg, request, urge等动词。
She said to me, “Please wait till I return, will you?”
她说：“请你一直等到我回来，好吗？”
She begged me to wait till she returned.
她请求我一直要等到她回来。
③以Let’s开头的祈使的句，通常将引述动词改为suggest，然后再接that从句。
John said to Bill, “Let’s go hiking tomorrow.”
约翰对比尔说，“我们明天去徒步旅行吧。”
John suggested to Bill that they (should) go hiking the next day.
约翰向比尔提议第二天去徒步旅行。
（4）感叹句的间接引语
直接引语是感叹句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接感叹句。间接感叹句多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，还可以根据句子表达的不同感情选用适当的动词和状语来转换。
He said, “What a beautiful view it is!”
他说：“多么漂亮的景色！”
He said that it was a very beautiful view.
他说景色非常漂亮。
He cried out what a beautiful view it was.
他大声说这景色是多么地漂亮。
She often says, “What a great country China is!”
她常说：“中国是一个多么伟大的国家！”
She often says that China is a very great country.
她常说中国是一个非常伟大的国家。
She often remarks with admiration (that) China is a great country.
她常常赞赏地说中国多么伟大
（5）并列句和复合句的间接引语
当转述的内容为并列句或复合句，或有两种以上的句子时，应根据不同的句式来选择不同的引述动词和连接词。
He said, “I told her to wait, but she went away.”
他说：“我告诉她等一下，但她还是走了。
He said (that) he had told her to wait but that she went away.
他说他已经告诉她等一下，但她还是走了。
She said, “It is cold here. Is the window shut?”
她说：“这儿很冷。窗户关了吗？”
She said that it was cold there and asked if the window was shut.
她说那儿很冷，并问窗户是否关了。
Fenwick said to me, “Go and see Robin. He will tell you everything you want to know.”
芬威克对我说：“去看看罗宾吧，他会告诉你想要知道的事情。”
Fenwick advised me to go and see Robin, and said that he would tell me everything I wanted to know.
芬威克建议我去看罗宾，因为他会告诉我想要知道的事情。
二、引语转换时的各种相应变化
直接引语转换成间接引语除了有句式的变化外，还要掌握动词时态、人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和词序的变化。
（1）动词时态的变化
① 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。
He says, “I have been writing a novel.”
他说：“我一直在写一本小说。”
He says that he has been writing a novel.
他说他一直在写一本小说。
② 如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：
直接引语时态 间接引语时态
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
The teacher said, “You are doing OK.”
老师说：“你们干得很不错。”
The teacher said we were doing OK.
老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）
I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?”
我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”
I asked her where she had spent her holiday.
我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）
She said, “I went to Shanghai.”
她说：“我去过上海。”
She said that she had gone to Shanghai.
她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）
He said, “I had finished my work before 10 o’clock.”
他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”
He said that he had finished his work before 10 o’clock..
他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）
The mayor said: “The people of Beijing will be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and fans from all over the world.”
这位市长说：“北京人民将准备点燃奥运火炬来迎接来自全世界的运动员和运动迷。”
The mayor said that the people of Beijing would be preparing to light the Olympic torch to welcome athletes and fans from all over the world.
这位市长说北京人民将准备点燃奥运火炬来迎接来自全世界的运动员和运动迷。（将来进行时变为过去将来进行时）
（2）情态动词的变化
在间接引语中，有些情态动词没有过去式，转换为间接引语时仍用原来的形式，或用其它表示法。
直接引语 间接引语
must （必然）（推测） must
mustn’t（禁止） mustn’t
must（必须） had to/ would have to
shall should
should should
will would
would would
may might
might might
can could
could could
dare dared
need need
ought to ought to
He said, “I really must go.”
他说：“我一定得走了。”
He said that he really must go.
他说他一定得走了。
“Must we hand in our exercise this afternoon?” he asked.
他问：“我们得今天下午交作业吗？”
He asked if they had to hand in the exercise that afternoon.
他问他们是否那天下午得交作业。
“You need not take an umbrella with you,” he said.
他说：“你不用带雨伞。”
He said that I need not take an umbrella with me.
他说我不用带雨伞。
【点津坊】
因为人称发生了变化，在直接引语中可用shall或should，而在间接引语中则用would。
“I should be glad to come.” “我会很愿意来的。”
He said he would be glad to come. 他说他会很愿意来。
（3）人称代词的变化
人称代词的变化要以转述者的立场作适当的改变。改变方式通常与汉语基本相同，即第一、三人称转换成第三人称；第二人称转换成第一、三人称。
“I’m fond of surfing the Internet,” he said.
他说：“我喜欢网上冲浪。”
He said he was fond of surfing the Internet.
他说他喜欢网上冲浪。
“You should pay more attention to your pronunciation,” the teacher said.
老师说：“你应该更注意你的发音。”
The teacher said that I should pay more attention to my pronunciation.
老师说我应该更注意我的发音。
【小帖士】
但如果说话人引述自己的话，人称代词不必改动。
I said, “ I had a good time at the party.” 我说：“我在晚会上玩得很开心。”
I said that I had had a good time at the party. 我说我在晚会上玩得很开心。
（4）指示代词的变化
在间接引语中，指示代词this转换成that，these转换成those。
He said, “Please show me this one.”
他说：“请拿这个给我看一下。”
He asked me to show him that one.
他要我拿那个给他看一下。
He said, “I’d like to see these sunglasses.”
他说：“我想看这些太阳镜”
He said that he wanted to see those sunglasses.
他说他想看那些太阳镜。
（5）时间状语和地点状语的变化
根据转述的时间和地点不同，时间状语和地点状语存在着较多的变化。
直接引语 间接引语
today that day
this morning/ afternoon/evening that morning / afternoon / evening
yesterday the day before, the previous day
yesterday morning /afternoon etc. the previous morning / afternoon etc.
the morning before, the afternoon before
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day, the following day
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time, two days after
next week / month / year etc. the next week / month / year, etc.
the following week / month / year etc.
last night / month / year, etc. the previous night / month / year etc.
the night before, the month before etc.
two weeks / months / years ago the weeks before, two months before
now then
so far by then
in 1990 in 1990
here there
“We’ll leave here tomorrow,” he said.
他说：“我们明天离开这里。”
He said that they would leave there the next day.
他说他们将在第二天离开那里。
“I met him the day before yesterday,” she said.
她说：“我前天遇见过他。”
She said that she had met him two days before.
她说她前两天遇见过他。
(6) 间接引语的词序变化
直接引语为疑问句时，间接引语要把倒装词序变为正常词序。
He asked, “How did these differences come about?”
他问：“这些不同之处是如何产生的？”
He asked how those differences had come about.
他问那些不同之处是如何产生的。
“What is adventure travel?” he asked.
他问：“冒险旅游是什么？”
He asked what adventure travel was.
他问什么是冒险旅游。
【试题播报】
No one can be sure_________ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
【分析】本题考查宾语从句的词序。宾语从句引导词为what，充当介词like的宾语，先排除C项。B和D的词序仍是疑问句的倒装词序。故本题正确答案是A。
二. 引语转换应注意的事项
直接引语转换成间接引语要遵循一些最基本的规则，特别是时态的前后呼应及人称代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化。掌握好一些“变化”和“不变化”的规则，有助于准确地进行交际。
1、时态不用变化
如果引述动词为过去式时，间接引语中动词的形式则在下列情况下不用变化：
①直接引语如果是表达客观真理、格言时。
He said, “Well done is better than well said.” 他说：“说得好不如做得好。”
He said that well done is better than well said. 他说说得好不如做得好。
②直接引语中谓语动词如是虚拟语气，变成间接引语后仍用原来形式。
“I advise that you stop smoking,” the doctor said. 医生说：“我劝你戒烟。”
The doctor advised that he stop smoking. 医生劝他戒烟。
③直接引语中的谓语动词与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语时态可不变。
He told me, “Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 1993.”
他告诉我：“《侏罗纪公园》是斯皮尔伯格于1993年拍摄的。”
He told me that Jurassic Park was made by Spielberg in 1993.
他告诉我《侏罗纪公园》是斯皮尔伯格于1993年拍摄的。
④直接引语中的时间状语为过去时形式，引语中状语从句的谓语动词时态通常不变。
Mr. Smith said, “When we lived in that city, we often met each other.”
史密斯先生说：“当我们住在那个城市时，我们经常见面。”
Mr. Smith said that when they lived in that city they had often met each other.
史密斯先生说当他们住在那个城市时，他们经常见面。
⑤当引语表达的动作或状态现在仍然存在时，从句的谓语动词可不用变化。
Our teacher said, “Eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.”
我们老师说：“生态旅游是一种结合一般旅游和学习的旅游。”
Our teacher said that eco-travel is a form of travel that combines normal tourism with learning.
我们老师说生态旅游是一种结合一般旅游和学习的旅游。
⑥当引述动词用现在时形式时，引语中的时态不须改动。
He says, “I have accepted her invitation.” 他说：“我已经接受她的邀请了。”
He says that he has accepted her invitation. 他说他已经接受她的邀请了。
2、时间状语、地点状语不用变化
①如果说话时间和引述时间相同（如同一天，同一月等），时间状语可不变。
“I finished writing my paper yesterday,” he said today.
他今天说：“我昨天写完论文了。”
He told me today that he finished writing the paper yesterday.
他今天说他昨天写完论文了。
②转述的地点不变时，地点状语here不必改为there。
He said, “I enjoy my stay here.”
他说：“我在这里逗留期间玩得很开心。”
He said that he enjoyed his stay here.
他说他在这里逗留期间玩得很开心。
3、引述动词的变化
为了让表达更丰富多彩一些，引述动词除了常见的tell，ask，say外，根据不同句式还可以选用下列动词：
句式 常见的引述动词
祈使句 表请求 ask, beg, request
表命令 command, order, tell
表建议 suggest, advise
表提醒 remind
表提供帮助 offer
疑问句 一般语体 ask, wonder, want to know
正式语体 inquire / enquire
感叹句 cry, shout, exclaim, call out, admit, wish…
陈述句 带双宾语
（可用for改写） bring, buy, choose, cook, do, fetch, get, leave, make,
order, paint, play, reach, save, spare…
带双宾语
（可用to 改写） bring, deny, do, give, grant, hand, lead, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, return, sell, send, show, take, tell, throw, write…
The boy said to his mother, “I’ll never smoke again.”
那男孩子对他母亲说：“今后我决不再吸烟了。”
The boy promised his mother never to smoke again.
那男孩向他母亲保证不再吸烟。
“Call the police, Sean,” he said.
他说：“肖恩，叫警察。”
He ordered Sean to call the police.
他命令肖恩叫警察。（表命令的祈使句）
“Don’t forget to buy me some ketchup on your way home,” said Mother.
妈妈说：“别忘了在回家的路上帮我买些番茄汁。“
Mother reminded me not to forget to buy her some ketchup on my way home.
妈妈提醒我别忘了在回家路上帮她买些番茄汁。（表提醒的祈使句）
“Shall I post these letters for you?” he asked.
他问：“要我帮忙把这些信寄出去吗？”
He offered to post those letters for me.
他提出要帮我寄出那些信。（表提供帮助的祈使句）
“Does she really mean it?” he asked.
他问：“她真的是这个意思吗？”
He wondered / wanted to know whether/ if she really meant it.
他想知道她是否真的是这意思。（疑问句）
4、间接引语的句式变化
为了使表达更生动，更准确，我们在进行直接引语和间接引语转换时，可注意使用不同的句式，这对提高我们表达能力的档次很有帮助。
“Merry Christmas!” he said.
他说：“圣诞快乐！”
He wished me a merry Christmas.
他祝我圣诞快乐。
“Help!” he cried.
他喊道：“救命啊！“
He called for help.
他大声呼救。
Mr. Wu said to them, “You’d better make preparations for the exam.”
吴老师对他们说：“你们最好为考试做准备。”
Mr. Wu advised them to make preparations for the exam.
吴老师劝他们为考试做好准备。
He said, “I did break the window.”
他说：“我的确打烂了那个玻璃窗。”
He admitted having broken the window. 他承认打烂了那个玻璃窗。
“Don’t walk on the ice. It isn’t safe,” Mother said to us.
妈妈对我们说：“不要在冰上行走，不安全！”
Mother warned us not to walk on the ice since it wasn’t safe.
妈妈告诫我们不要在冰上行走因为不安全。
“Have a cigarette,” he said. “No, thanks,” I replied.
“抽只烟吧？”他说。“不，谢谢！”我回答道。
He offered me a cigarette which I refused.
他给我一只烟，我谢绝了。
【训练大本营】
一、选择填空
1. He asked _________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice had put D. where has Alice put
3. These photos will show you __________.
A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C. how our village look like D. how our village looks like
4. You can’t imagine _______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
5. ______ she said suggested that she hadn’t decided _________ to go or not.
A. What, if B. That, whether
C. What, whether D. What, whichever
6. I’ll ask my parents _________.
A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me go
C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to
7. ---Do you mind if Jim will come to help?
---I really don’t know ________ a person like him can help me with.
A. what B. that
C. how D. if
8. He asked me if _____________.
A. the train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here
9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) _______ the world leading inventor for sixty years.
A. would be B. has been
C. had been D. was
10. –Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
---Where was I?
---You _______ you didn’t like your father’s job.
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
二、把下列直接引语变成间接引语
1. “You have done a good job,” said the teacher.
2. He said, “I’ll help you with it later.”
3. “Be careful with the dog,” I said.
4. “Are you sure about this?” ha asked.
5. She asked, “What’s the matter with you?”
6. He said, “We met in . We have been friends for two years.”
7. He asked, “Alice, where did you buy it?”
8. “How wonderful the journey is!” he said.
9. “Tom, don’t forget to take your raincoat,” he said.
10. “Why do you come so late?” Mary asked.
三、翻译下列句子
1．他叫我别打扰他。
2． 我坚决主张推迟这次运动会。
3． 我怀疑他们的旅行是否舒适。
4． 老师说过患难之交才是真朋友。
5． 她认为他们一定已经离开了。
6． 苏珊问我对这出戏的看法。
7． 他问我能否帮他搬那个行李箱。
8． 他告诉我们他第二天就要到北京去。
参考答案
一、1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. C
二、
1.The teacher said that I had done a good job.
2. He said that he would help me with it later.
3. I warned him to be careful with the dog.
4. He asked me if I was sure about that.
5. She asked what was the matter with me.
6. He said that they met in 2002 and that they had been friends for two years.
7. He asked where Alice bought it.
8. He said that the journey was wonderful.
He exclaimed how wonderful the journey was.
9. He reminded Tom to take his raincoat.
10. Marry wanted to know why he came so late.
三、
1. He asked me not to disturb him.
2. I insisted that the sports meeting (should) be put off.
I insisted on putting off the sports meeting.
3. I doubt whether / if their journey is a comfortable one.
4. The teacher said a friend in need is a friend indeed.
5. She thought that they must have left.
6. Susan asked how I liked the play.
7. He asked me to help him with his suitcase.
He asked me if I could help him with his suitcase.
8. He told us that he was leaving for Beijing the next / following day.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇4：直接引语和间接引语详解与专练 备课资料
直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：
John said, “I like reading adventure stories.”
约翰说：“我喜欢看历险故事。”（直接引语）
John said that he liked reading adventure stories.
约翰说她喜欢看历险故事。（间接引语）
那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?
1、人称的转变
1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：
He said，“I am very sorry.”
-->He said that he was very sorry.
2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：
“You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.
-->My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.
3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.”
-->She told her son that she would check his homework that night.
4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：
He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”
-->He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
口诀记忆为 ：一主、二宾、三不变
2.时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：
1.
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
can could
may might
2.例如：“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
-->She said she was very glad to visit our school.
Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music.”
-->Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”
-->Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”
-->He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.
-->The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.
Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?”
-->Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.”
-->Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before.
He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days.”
-->He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况
1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：
He always says, “I am tired out.”
-->He always says that he is tired out.
2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you.”
-->He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：
He said, “I went to college in 1994.”
-->He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：
He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.”
-->He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.
5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
-->Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如：
He said，“Practice makes perfect.”
-->He said that practice makes perfect.
7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：
The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.”
-->The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.
He said, “She must be a teacher.”
-->He said that she must be a teacher.
He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”
-->He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today.”
-->The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.
She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”
-->She asked if she had to take the medicine.
〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好
8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：
Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.
Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor?
Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
3、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
直接引语 间接引语
指示
代词 this 这 that那
these 这些 those那些
时
间
状
语 now现在 then那时
today今天 that day那天
this week (month,etc)
本星期（月等） that week(month,etc)
那个星期（月等）
yesterday昨天 the day before前一天
the day before yesterday前天 two days before前两天
last week(year,etc)
上星期（去年） the week (year,etc.)before
前一周（年等）
three days (a year,etc.) ago. three days (a year,etc,)before
tomorrow the next (following)day
the day after tomorrow two days later(in two days time)
过两天
next week (year,etc)
下星期（明年等） the next (following) week (year,etc)
下一周（第二年等）
地点状语 here这里 there那里
动词 come来
bring go去
take
例如：He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ”
→ He said he wanted to go swimming then.
The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.”
→The teacher said I should go there at 7:00.
She said, “I won't come here any more.”
→She said that she wouldn’t go there any more..
He said, “This books is mine.“
→He said that book was his.
4、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化
1）直接引语为陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：
He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.”
-->He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday.”
-->He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.
（不可说told that）
此外主句中的谓语还常有：
repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：
He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic.”
-->He explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。
The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.”
-->The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.
2）直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked（me/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。
He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
-->He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
-->He asked whether I was interested in English.
3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：
He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
-->He asked me whether I spoke English or French..
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
-->I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.
4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：
He asked，“What's your name?”
-->He asked（me）what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”
-->He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：
He said，“Be seated, please.”
-->He asked us to be seated.
“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said.
-->He told me to be careful with my handwriting.
“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby.
-->The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.
“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said.
-->The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.
6）有些含有“建议”“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：
He said, “Let's have a rest.”
-->He suggested our having a rest.
He said, “Let me help you.”
-->He offered to help me.
7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如：
“Would you mind opening the door?” he asked.
-->He asked me to open the door.
“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us.
-->He advised us to go out for a walk. 或He suggested we go out for a walk.
8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如：
She said, “What a lovely day it is!”
-->She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day.
5. 一些注意事项
(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：
They told their son,”The earth goes round the sun.“
→They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
(2)直接引语变间接引语时，
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：
He said, ”I haven't seen her today.“
→He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：
He asked Lucy, ”Where did you go?“
→He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, ”What do you want, Ann?“
→Tom asked Ann what she wanted.
直接引语和间接引语专项练习
1. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.
→She asked ________.
A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you
B. whether I had already got well
C. have I already got well
D. had I already got well.
2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”
→He asked me _________.
A. am I a Party member or a League member
B. was I a Party member or a League member
C. if I was a Party member or a League member
D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.
3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.
A. how am I getting along
B. how are you getting along
C. how I was getting along
D. how was I getting along
4. He asked me ________ with me.
A. what the matter is B. what the mater was
C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter
5. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.
A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do
C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do
6. Can you make sure ___________?
A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here today
C. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today
7. Do you happen to know ________?
A. where is her address B. in which place is her address
C. what her address is D. the place her address is
8. Excuse me, but can you tell me ___________?
A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library
C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library
9. John asked me _______ to visit his uncle’s farm with him.
A. how would I like B. if or not would I like
C. whether I would like D. which I would like
10. I’d like to know ________ Chinese.
A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn
C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn
II. 将下列句子变为间接引语：
1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.
2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children”
3. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.
4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.”
5. She said to him, “It’s time that you left here.”
6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
7. John said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of
last term.”
8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st ,
1921.”
9. He said, “Are you a student?”
10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.
11. “She’s here to ask for help, isn’t she?” he asked.
12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.
13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.
14. She said, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?”
15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
16. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.
17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.
18. “Don’t make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said the teacher.
19. “What a lovely day it is!”
20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.
III. 把下列句子变为直接引语：
1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.
2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.
3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
4. His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.
5. The stranger asked me what my name was.
6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.
7. The teacher asked if we could do it.
8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.
9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.
10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.
答案
I. 1~5 B C C D D 6~10 A C D C A
II.
1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.
2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month.
3. Mary said that she hadn’t heard from her parents those days.
4. The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun.
5. She told him that it was time that he left there.
6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.
7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.
8. The history teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 192
9. He asked whether I was a student.
10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.
11. He asked whether she was there to ask for help or not.
12. The father asked his son where he was going.
13. The mother asked the naughty boy if he was sorry for what he had done.
14. She asked Mr. Li whether he had met that man at the station two hours before.
15. The teacher told us to write our names on our papers first.
16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next/ following day.
17. He offered to pack the parcel for me.
18. The teacher told the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class.
19. He/ She exclaimed that it was really a lovely day.
20. He wished me a Happy New Year.
III.
1. I said to him, “I have lost my money . I will find it.”
2. She asked , “ You will be free tomorrow, won’t you?”
3. I asked her, “Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow?”
4. His father said, “Don’t climb this high tree in your new coat.”
5. The stranger asked, “ What’s your name?”
6. “I’ll finish my work tomorrow,” she said.
7. The teacher asked, “Can you do it ?”
8. The commander ordered his men, “Don’t cross the river before dawn.”
9. My teacher asked, “Is he coming?”
10. The scientist asked me, “What are you doing?”
篇5：中考英语复习：直接引语与间接引语
1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法
① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序
陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：
“I am going to the cinema. ”
→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.
② 一般疑问句
用if/whether连接，例：
“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.
→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.
③ 反意疑问句
用if/whether连接，例：
He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”
→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.
④ 特殊疑问句
由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：
He asked, “Who will come to help us?”
→ He asked who would come to help them.
She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”
→ She asked Simon where he had been.
⑤ 选择疑问句
由 whether…or 引导，例：
Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”
→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.
⑥ 祈使句
用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：
“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.
→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.
“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.
→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.
篇6：直接引语 间接引语 ---讲解与练习(高三英语上册教学论文)
直接引语 间接引语
---讲解与练习
直接引语变间接引语是初中语法宾语从句的延续。同时学好这一语法项目也有助于高二的名词性从句语法的学习打好基础。
I．从句子类型上进行分析。
1. 直接引语为陈述句。变成间接引语时，把陈述句变成由that引导的宾语从句。
She said : “I’ll come this morning.”
She said that she would come that morning.
2. 直接引语为一般疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把一般疑问句变成由if或whether引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。
“Will you take care of me?”
Chuck, Wilson asks if you will take care of him.
3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把特殊疑问句变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。疑问词在句中作主语或作定语修饰主语时语序不变。
“Where did you spend your holiday ?” I asked her.
I asked her where she had spent her holidays.
4. 直接引语为祈使句。变成间接引语时，要把祈使句的动词变成带to的不定式，同时根据语气选择适当的谓语动词，如ask, tell, order等。句型为ask/tell/order sb to do sth 。主句中若有please 时，最好用ask表示。同时去掉please。否定的祈使句，要将don’t或never改为not to, never to
5．直接引语为选择疑问句时，要使用whether。。。or。。。
“Will you accept or refuse the offer?”
He wondered whether I would accept or refuse the offer.
6．直接引语为感叹句时，可用感叹词what 或how 作引导词，语序不变；或者用that 作引
导词，句子用陈述语序。
“What an interesting story it is!” he said.
He said what an interesting story it was.
He said that it was an interesting story.
II．注意事项：
7． 变化：
①said to somebody后加直接引语改为 asked somebody if told somebody that
②人称代词：this-that these-those I-He-she me-him, her,
③时间状语: now-then ago-before today-that day
yesterday-the day before last week（month, year）-the week(month, year) before
tomorrow-the next day next week（month, year）-the next（month, year）week
④地点状语: here--there
⑤动词的变化: come-go bring-take
⑥时态变化：do does-did
Did-had done
Have done-had done
Is doing-was doing
Had done-had done
Will do-would do
8． 直接引语如果是客观真理，名人名言或谚语或当时当地转述时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
He said that where there is a will, there is a way.
9． 直接引语中如有明确的过去时间状语，则变间接引语时时态不变。
Jack said, “I was born in 1990.”--------Jack said that he was born in 1990.
10.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，变间接引语时，时态不变。
Mary says, “Tom is a good boy.”-------Mary says that Tom is a good boy.
11.直接引语有以when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变间接引语时状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓动则要改为过去完成时。
She said, “Jack told me all about his past when he was questioned.”
She said that Jack had told him about his past when he was questioned.
12．有些情态动词，如 must， need，ought to等，无过去形式，变间接引语时，既可用原来
的形式，也可用其它的表示法，但要注意保存原来的意义。
“All men must die,” he said. ---- He said that all men must die
“I must go early,” he said. ----- He said that he had to go early.
III. 小试牛刀
把下列句子变成间接引语：
1. John said to Tom, “Come to my house tomorrow.”
______________________________________________.
2. “Will you come to the lecture this afternoon?” Sara asked Yang Mei .
________________________________________________________.
3. “I watched a very interesting TV program yesterday.” he said to us.
______________________________________________________.
4． “How old is your brother this year?” Charlie’s friend asked him.
__________________________________.
5．He said to the boy, “Don’t do that again.”
_______________________________________________________。
6．He said, “I will come here next month.”
___________________________________.
7．Hanks said, “I finished my work last week.”
___________________________________________.
8. “My brother began learning English two years ago.” Tom said.
_____________________________________________________.
9. “Where have you been all these years?” he asked me.
_____________________________________________.
10. “Have you seen the movie?” he asked Chuck.
_________________________________________.
11. He asked, “Who can answer the question?”
_________________________.
12. He asked, “What’s the matter with you?
______________________________.
Answers:
1. John told Tom to go to his house the next day.
2. Sara asked Yang Mei if she would go to the lecture that afternoon.
3. He told us that he had watched a very interesting film the day before.
4. Charlie’s friend asked him how old his brother was that year.
5. He told the boy not to do that again.
6. He said that he would go there the next month.
7. Hanks said that he had finished his work the week before.
8. Tom said that his brother had begun learning English two years before.
9. He asked me where I had been all those years.
10. He asked Chuck if he had seen the movie.
11. He asked who could answer the question.
12. He asked what was the matter with me.
IV. 单选练习
1. He said the train ____ when he reached there, so he had to wait for the next.
A. left B. had left C. was leaving D. has left
2. He asked me ______ I could pick him up ____.
A. if; tomorrow B. that; tomorrow C. that; next D. if; the next day
3. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
4. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
5. He asked me ____ the railway station.
A. how he could get to B. how could he get to
C. where he could get to D. where could he get to
6. He wanted to know _____.
A. what was her name B. how was her name
C. what her name was D. how her name was
7. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
8. He told me to make sure_____ the meeting.
A. when and where we would have B. when and where would we have
C. when and where we will have D. when and where will we have
9. Do you happen to know ____?
A. where is her address B. in which place is her address
C. what her address is D. the place her address is
10. Our teacher told us that the earth ____ from west to east.
A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned
11. He said he ____ her since two years _____.
A. had not seen; ago B. had not seen; before
C. didn’t see; ago D. didn’t see; before
12．The teacher asked the boy _____.
A. what the matter was B. what was the matter C. What the matter is D. what is the matter
13. Mr. Smith warned her daughter_____ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive
14. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
15．John said that he would pay ___ second visit to China ____ next month.
A. the; X B. the; the C. a; the D. a; X
16．On his way home from Beijing he told me he ______ Beijing again.
A. had visited B. has visited C. would visit D. will visit
17．Tom said that he _____ to the museum ______.
A. went; yesterday B. had gone; the day before
C. has gone; before C. went; the day before
18. He asked me _____ I _______ fond of Jay Chou’s songs.
A. that; was B. that; am C. what; am D. if ;was
19. Tim _____ me to repeat my address.
A. forced B. asked C. told D. ordered
20. The commander ______ his soldiers to take up their guns.
A. asked B. hoped C. stopped D. ordered
21. He asked me how much ____ on the mountain bike.
A. did I pay B. I had spent C. did I spend D. I had cost
22. Can you tell me _______?
A. what the matter is B. what the matter it is
C. what’s the matter D. the matter is what
23. Jeanne asked Mathilde ________.
A. that had happened B. that had happened to her
C. what had been happened C. what had happened to her
24. We want to know _____ do to help them.
A. what we can B. what can we C. how we can D. how can we
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责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：直接引语变间接引语 教案教学设计(译林牛津版英语高一)
Step1 Lead-in
She said, “ They are using PSAs to educate people.”
She said that they were using PSAs to educate people.
“ We must not give up in the face of pressure.” she said.
She encouraged us not to give up in the face of pressure.
Step 2 Direct speech and reported speech (直接引语和间接引语)
I、定义
直接引语：
间接引语：
Practice:指出下列句子属于直接引语还是间接引语。
He said, ‘I will go to school tomorrow.’
He said that he will go to the school the next day.
She said to me , ‘I am going to London with my father.’
She told me that she was going to London with his father.
She said, “Do you often come here for a visit.”
She asked if I often went there for a visit.
II、直接引语如何变成间接引语
人称变化：
①He said, “I have been to Japan.”
He said that ___ had been to Japan.
②She said, “I'll give you an exam tomorrow.”
She told us that ______ would give ____ an exam tomorrow.
③She asked me, ”When do they have their dinner?”
She asked me when _____ had _____ dinner.
时态变化
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去完成时
现在完成时 一般将来时
She said. “I have lost a pen.”→
She said. “We hope so.” →
She said. “He will go to see his friend。”→
注意：①The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”
→
②“I’ll never forget the days in the country.”
→
She says that
③My father said to me, “I read the book in 1986.”
→
④He said to me, “I have taught English since I came here.”
→
3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、及方向性动词的变化
指示
代词 this→ 地点状语 here→
that → 方向性
动词 come→
时
间
状
语 now→ bring→
today→
this week→
yesterday→
last week(month)→
Three day (month) ago→
tomorrow→
next week(month)→
1. ‘I will come and see you again this evening, Tom.’ he said.
2. ‘I will come here again today,’ she said.
The doctor said to the patient, ‘You will have to wait till 3 pm tomorrow.’
Practice
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
4句式的变化
⑴陈述句
He said, “I came to see you.”
⑵疑问句
一般疑问句
Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?”
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
选择疑问句
He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?”
I asked, “Will you take bus or on foot?”
特殊疑问句
He said to me，“Where are you from?”
He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?”
⑶祈使句
①She said to us, “Please have a break.”
②The teacher said, “Don't smoke in the classroom.”
③The officer said, “Go out!”
⑷感叹句
She said, “What a lovely day it is.”
Practice
1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school.
A. bring B. brought C. bring D. to bring
2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass.
A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing
3. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off.
A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go
4. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth.
A. whether the moon goes B. that the moon went
C. whether the moon goes D. whether the moon went
5. She asked him ____.
A. whose dictionary this isB. whose dictionary that was
C. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is
6. Mary’s mother asked her _____.
A. that whether she had finished her homework
B. if she has finished her homework
C. if she had finished her homework
D. that if she had finished her homework
7. Do you know ____?
A. what is he doing B. what he doing
C. what he is doing D. what does he do now
8. I don’t know ____ to learn English.
A. when did he begin B. when he began
C. he when began D. when he begins
9. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents.
A. how excited they were B. how excited were they
C. how they were excited D. they were how excited
10. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia?
A. had you been B. did you go
C. have you beenD. you have been
11. The boss asked his secretary ____ ____he had finished typing the report .
A. if; or not B. if; not
C. whether; or not D. whether; not
12. I wonder how much _____.
A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his car
C. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car
篇8：省略和倒装专练 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
省略和倒装专练
1．- I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do?
- Don’t speak until _____.
A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to
2．- How are you getting on with your work?
- Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans B. planning C. planned D. to plan
3．Comparison may make something appear more beautiful than it is _____ alone.
A. if seeing B. when seen C. to be seen D. to see
4．He is only too ready to help others, seldom, _____, refusing them when they turn to him.
A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any
5．- Did you have a sound sleep last night?
- Yes, never sleep _____.
A. better B. best C. badly D. worse
6．- Do you like the weather in July in Beijing?
-_____. It’s very hot and dry.
A. Not really B. Well, let me see C. Yes, very much D. Yes, I’ve been there
Twice
7. Tom must have been playing basketball ，Mary _____ doing her homework.
A. is B. was C. must be D. /
8. While _____ holding talks with President Hu Jintao, US President George W. Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.
A. he is B. he was C./ D. B or C
9. -You should have thanked her before you left.
- I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere
A. to thank B. to C. / D. thanking
10. The only thing you have to do _____ the button.
A. is pressing B. is press C. was pressed D. was pressing
11. My advice is that he _____so much.
A. not smoke B. doesn't smoke C. won't smoke D. must not
12. [高考全国卷-II]When first _____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
The eighteen-storeyed building, when _______, will shut out the sun _______ up the rooms in my house.
A. completed; lighted B. completed; lighting
C. completing; lighting D. competing; lighted
13. - Is your mother going to the supermarket？
- No, _____.
A. she doesn’t B. she’s cooking C. she gets by bus D. to a tailor’s shop
14. - She may not be free today.
- _____, we’ll have to put the meeting off.
A. If may B. If not C. If she may not D. If she may not be free today
15. She hurriedly left the room as if _____.
A. she angry B. was angry C. it was angry D. angry
16. - Do you follow me？
- Yes, _____.
A. it is good B. I will C. perfectly D. very good
17.－You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ?
－_____. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A. I hope not B. Yes, I have C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid so
18. I wonder why you won't do it as _____. It's the third time you have done so.
A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told
19. He is rather difficult to make friends with, but his friendship, _____ is more true than any other.
A. once gained B. when to gain C. after is gained D. while gaining
20. - You seem to have lost your way. _____?
- I'm looking for Wangfujing Street.
A. What for B. Need help C. Why so D. Where to
21. -We have managed to put out the fire.
-But ____, we can’t be too careless.
A. even though B. even so C. therefore D. so
22. You may take them all home _____.
A. if possible B. if can C. if impossible D. if you are possible
23. Water, _____ enough, can change into vapor quickly
A. when heated B. while heating C. when to be heated D. when is heated
24. - Should I look up each word that I don’t understand?
- No, turn to your dictionary only when _____.
A. you are necessary B. you need
C. necessary D. you are needed
25．_____ that he found it difficult to stop at the red light.
A. So fast he was driving B. So fast he drove C. So fast was he driving D. So fast drive he
26. _____ to him.
A. Not a word I ever say B. didn’t ever say a word
C. Not a word did I ever say D. Not did I ever say a word
27. _____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
28. To such an extent ____ their son that they have tried to satisfy every demand of his.
A. their parents do love B. their parents love
C. do their parents love D. love their parents
29. - Why can't I smoke here?
- At no time _____ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
30. _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
31. On the top of the hill _____ where the old man once lived．
A．a temple stands there B．a temple standing
C．stands a temple D．does a temple stand
32．-Can you tell me where my uncle is?
-Yes，of course, _____．
A．here your uncle comes B．here comes your uncle
C．comes your uncle here D．your uncle here come
33. _____, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he worked hard B. If he were to work hard
C. Had he worked hard D. If he was to work hard
34. No sooner _____ the top of the mountain, _____ the sun rose.
A. they had arrived on, than B. had they reached, than
C. had they climbed to, then D. they got to, then
35. Only _____ as an interpreter _____ how important it was to practice speaking English.
A. when I worked, I realized B. when did I work, did I realize
C. when I work, did I realize D. when I worked, did I realize
36. Such a noise _____ that I couldn’t go on with my work.
A. in the room there was B. there was in the room
C. was there in the room D. there is in the room
37. Little _____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared
38. _____ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
39. By no means ____ once we start to do what we want to.
A. we shall give up B. we give away C. shall we give up D. shall we give away
40. _____ that they had made an important discovery in science.
A. Little they realized B. They had realized little
C. Little did they realize C. Little had they realized
41. _____ have I seen a better performance.
A. Everywhere B. Nowhere else C. Everywhere else D. Nowhere
42. Hardly _____ when the bus pulled away.
A. they had got to the bus stop B. they got to the bus stop
C. did they get to the bus stop D. had they got to the bus stop
43. There _____.
A. come they B. they come C. they are coming D. they will come
44. _____ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
45. Seldom _____ any mistakes during my past few years of working here.
A. would I make B. had I made C. I did make D. shall I make
46. Not until I read the newspaper _____ the ShenzhouVI would be launched.
A. did I know B. I knew C. I know D. knew I
47. Many a time _____ the chess competition.
A. has he taken part B. he took part in
C. has he taken part in D. he has taken part in
48. If MR Black does not attend the meeting tomorrow, _____.
A. neither do I B. nor shall I C.I don’t, either D. never will I
49. _____, I will learn it well.
A. Whatever difficult English is B. No matter how difficult is English
C. However difficult English is D. Difficult as is English
50. They waited and waited, _____ they had been looking forward to.
A. then came the hour B. then did come the hour
C. then the hour came D. the hour then came
答案及简析
1.B．本题的答语部分是一个省略句。完整的结构应是: Don’t speak until you are spoken to.。当主从句主语一致时，可省略从句中的主语部分，保留从句的主要动词，本句省略了you are。
【高考验证】(2004高考全国卷-II)When first _______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.(04全国卷二)A. introducing B. introducedC. introduce D. being introduced
2．C。本题的答语部分也是一个省略句。完整的形式应是Things aren’t going so well as they were planned.。而在这个完整的句子中,我们可以省略they were, 而只保留planned。
3．B。考查省略和非谓语动词。从句结构上看空处应是状语从句，即：（when it is）seen alone“单独来看时”。C和D缺乏连词，A为主动，seeing的主语不明了。故选B。
4．B。if ever pron．如果有过的话也。句意为“他太喜欢帮助别人啦，别人向他求助时他不拒绝，如有的话，那。。。”。在too…to…结构中，如too后的形容词是描述心理（变化）的词，那too…to…结构不在表示否定意义，即表肯定意义。如：He is too eager to leave.他太想离开了。如：He’s too ready to pronounce on matters of which he really knows very little.
他太喜欢对自己实际上几乎一无所知的问题发表意见。
5．A。否定词加比较级相当于最高级的意思，意为“睡的再好不过啦，即这是睡的最好的一次”。
6. A。Not reaaly是I reaaly don’t like…的简写。从空后的答语判断说话人对北京的天气并不是十分满意，因此应选A最佳。
7. D。注意逗号的作用，逗号后应是独立主格结构。本句完整句子是：Tom must…basketball and Mary must have been doing her work.。当主从句主语不一致时，句中若没有并列连词，可把其中一个分句改为独立主格结构，保留其分句的主语。
8. C。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be 。因主句谓语是过去时态，可排除A；如选B，往往会产生歧义（会误认为 He和President是两个人）。
9. B。不定式作某些动词的宾语且与前面的内容相同，为了避免重复，常省略与上文相同部分，只保留动词不定式符号to。类似的动词有:love, like, care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse, mean,try,oblige ,advise ,persuade ,agree ,want ,afford ,forget ,remember ,try ,manage等。如：Would you like to go to the cinema this weekend? I’d like to (go to the cinema), but I… 。
10. B。当主语部分有to do或to do的任何形式,系动词又是 is 或 was 时 ，作表语的不定式通常省去to。根据句意可知press动作还未发生，可排除其他选项。
11. A。在advice, suggestion, order, proposal,plan, idea,advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后的表语/同位语从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词需用：should+动词原形（常省略should），另外连接从句的连词that不能省略。
12. D。首先弄清句子结构，通过分析可以看出，when____, 是状语从句，因为…building was completed ,所以省略谓语动词，直接用“when completed”; the sun lights up…是主语形式，所以用“lighting”。
13.D。本句为……she is going to a tailor’s shop的省略。省略了与上句相同的部分。注意：be going to是将来时态，回答应用将来时或是将来时的省略形式。
14. B。本句为if she is not free的省略。根据空后时态和句意可以看出，空出应是条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中一般将来时要用一般现在时来代替。据此，可排除其他选项。
15. D。当if，unless，when，while，though/although，as if/though等引导的状语从句中的主语和主句的主语指同一人或物或从句的主语是it时，从句谓语中含有be时，可在从句中省略主语和be。
16. C。perfectly = I follow you perfectly。Perfectly“完全地，完全可以”。A、D表示事物本身性质，不符合句意。will一般用于别人提出要求时的肯定答语，含有感情色彩，表示愿望，或单纯将来。
17. A。考查省略。根据第一句You haven’t lost…和下句的…not easy to get…可以看出，应答应该是(No, )I hope not，No译为：是的，我希望没有（丢了）。替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，代替肯定的名词性从句。可与动词believe , do, expect, fear, guess, hope, say, speak, suppose, think 及 I’m afraid连用。肯定时上列动词都可与so 搭配，否定时hope与guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think ,believe, suppose等词可有两种否定形式，即：I think not 或I don’t think so.
18. A。…do it as you are told to。主从句主语一致，省略从句主语和部分谓语，保留主要动词。注意：在时间，地点，条件，方式或让步状语从句中如果主句，从句主语一致，从句中的谓语动词又包含be或主语是it，常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分省略。
【高考验证】(NMET1995) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
19. A。状语从句的省略形式，由题意知其完整形式是once it is gained，it指代friendship。此题和12题属于同类。在时间，地点，条件，方式或让步状语从句中如果主句，从句主语一致，从句中的谓语动词又包含be或主语是it，常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分省略。
20. B。语境省略。Need help?=Do you need help? What for“为什么？”；Why so?“为什么（会）这样？”；Where to“（要）去哪儿？”，A、C和D都不符合语境（习惯）。
21.B。even though“即使, 尽管”; therefore“因此, 所以”，表原因；so“因而, 所以, 那么, 这样看来”，表结果；even so “虽然（尽管）如此”，既可引导句子，也可单独使用，so代替上文所提内容（even we have managed to…。如：There are many spelling mistakes;even so it's quite a good essay. 这篇文章有许多拼写错误，然而仍不失之为好文章。又如：The book is rather old;even so,it is very useful. 这本书已很旧，尽管如此，它还是很有用。
22. A。根据句意可排除C；又因it代表事情（情况），所以应选A。注意：在时间，地点，条件，方式或让步状语从句中如果主句，从句主语一致，从句中的谓语动词又包含be或主语是it，常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分省略。
23. A。此题和第12、19题相同。也是把状语从句的省略形式插入到主句。省略原因还是如下：在时间，地点，条件，方式或让步状语从句中如果主句，从句主语一致，从句中的谓语动词又包含be或主语是it，常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分省略。
24. C此题和22题一样，when(it is )necessary，因it代表事情（情况），可排除其他选项。省略原因还是如下：在时间，地点，条件，方式或让步状语从句中如果主句，从句主语一致，从句中的谓语动词又包含be或主语是it，常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分省略。
25．C。so修饰副词或形容词位于句首时，谓语要倒装。【高考验证】(高考江苏卷-35) _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
26. C。为了强调“not a + n.”或“not a single+n.”结构，将其置于句首时，句中的主语作部分倒装。如：Not a word did he say at the meeting. 【高考验证】(高考上海卷)Not a single song ______ at yesterday’s party. (00上海)
A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing . D. she did sing .
提醒：由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means等引起的句子，常用倒装语序。
27. C。as引导让步状语从句要倒装，倒装部分常为作表语的形容词、作状语的副词和谓语动词。根据题意，本题前后两句之间存在着让步关系，又是as引导让步状语从句，句子要用倒装语序，即要把从句中状语提到as前面。【高考验证】（高考广东卷-23）_____,Garolina couldn’t get the door open. A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might答案：D【详解】本题考查as引导的状语从句倒装的情况。【备考建议】倒装句是一常见的语言现象。要引起大家的足够的重视。
28. C。表示程度的副词such放句首时要用倒装，A、B非倒装，D项违背倒装原则（行为动词倒装要借助于助动词do/does/did等）。
29. A。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
30. C。在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
【高考验证】[北京春季高考--31]I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ________ ?
A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished
C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish
31. C。为了强调句中的状语或表语，为了保持句中平衡或上下文衔接紧密，可将状语或标语置于句首，句中主语和谓语全部倒装。如：In the paragraph can be found an answer.
【高考验证】（2005高考辽宁卷-35）In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns.
A．stand many lakes B．lie many lakes
C．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand
32．B。句中谓语是go, come, run等表示位置的动词或be动词，句中又有表示方向的副词（如：there, here, up, down, out, in, away等），为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，如：Down came the rain。但当主语是代词时，要用半倒装如：Here it comes。
33. C。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有were, should或had等时，如将if省略，则要将were, should或had等移到主语前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
34. B。hardly…when…；no sooner…than…；scarcely…before…和not only…but also…引导两个分句时，如把hardly, no sooner或scarcely提置句前，需将所在分句（将前一个分句）中的主语作部分倒装，后一个分句中的主谓语序不变。
35. D。only修饰状语或状语从句且放在句首时，主句谓语动词要倒装（修饰主语除外）。
【高考验证-1】(2005高考福建卷-32) Only after my friend came________.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
【高考验证-2】(2004高考重庆卷-34) I failed in the final examination last term and only then _____the importance of studies.（04重庆卷）
A. I realized B I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
36. C。表示程度的副词such放句首时要用倒装，D项时态不符。如不提前such，本句应为：There was such a noise that I couln’t go on with my work.
37. B。由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means等引起的句子置于句首以示强调时，句子的主谓作部分倒装。
38. B。本题同33题。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有were, should或had等时（would一般不包括在内），如将if省略，则要将were, should或had等移到主语前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.，D项时态不对。
39. C。由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means等引起的句子，常用倒装语序。
40. C当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 They realized little that they had made an important discovery in science.。
【高考验证】（2005高考天津卷-4）They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.
A. have B. did C. had D. do
41. B。nowhere副词，意为“到处都无; 到处都不”由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means等引起的句子，常用倒装语序。Nowhere else排除了去过的别的地方。Eveywhere是nowhere的反义词，放在句中不通。
【高考验证】（2004高考辽宁卷）Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful palace.
A. can you find B. you could find C. you can find D. could you find
42. D。注意hardly…when…; no nooner…when…和scarcely…before…结构。如把hardly, no nooner和scarcely提前，主句谓语要倒装。主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。故排除B和C，又因A是陈述句，不符合要求，故排除。
43. B. 句中谓语是go, come, run等表示位置的动词或be动词，句中又有表示方向的副词（如：there, here, up, down, out, in, away等），为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，如：Down came the rain。但当主语是代词时，要用半倒装,如：Here it comes。B、C和D都是陈述句，故排除。
44.C．句中谓语是go, come, run等表示位置的动词或be动词，句中又有表示方向的副词（如：there, here, up, down, out, in, away等），为了强调该副词，可将其放于句首，而将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，如：Down came the rain。但当主语是代词时，要用半倒装,如：Here it comes。A是半倒装，如选B，则and后的句子不当，应改为…and the mouse was caught，而D应把up置于句首才合适。故选C。
45. B。由否定词never, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely, nowhere和否定意义的短语in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means等引起的句子，常用倒装语序。根据时间状语during my past few years…可以判断应用完成时，故排除A、C和D。
46. A。在not…until…句型中，要强调状语until…，需一起把主句中的not提置前面，同时主句要倒装。根据这一要求可排除B和C；行为动词倒装要借助助动词do/does或did，故排除D。
【高考验证】(NMET95) Not until all the fish died in the river , ____ how serious the pollution was .
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize
【高考验证】(MET90) Not until I began to work______ how much time I had wasted.(MET90)
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize C. I didn’t D.I realized
47. C。many a time作状语放在句首引起部分倒装。B、D为陈述语气，故排除，A谓语不全（因后有宾语，不能省略in），也排除。
48. D。从句子结构和句意可以看出，动作表将来而且空格处是主句，主句应用一般将来时态，故排除A和C；有因副词提前，句子倒装原则。will表示主观意志、意愿等“愿,想要,(一定)要”如；I won't do so. 我不愿这样做。shall用于第一人称表示一般将来时“将”，不表主观意志、意愿，所以，排除B。
注意：shall用在问句中, 征 询对方对于主语行动的意见(提供帮助, 提出建议、要求给予指示和征求意见), 主要用于第一、三人称意为“... 好吗? 要不要...?”，如：Shall I carry your bag ?
49.C。however是副词，修饰形容词。本题中心词是形容词。A项中的whatever是形容词，修饰名词，而A项中无中心词，故排除；B和D项中缺主语，也排除.。
【高考验证】（2005高考天津卷-5） He tried his best to solve the problem, _______difficult it was.
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although （状语）
50. A．then是并列连词，本句是个并列句，then后的句子无须倒装，故排除A和B；D项中then的位置应是副词，要选D，那本句就缺少并列连词，故排除D。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇9：高一英语导学提纲 M4U1 Advertising Grammar直接引语和间接引语 (北师大版高一英语必修四教案教学设计)
高一英语导学提纲
M4U1 Advertising Grammar直接引语和间接引语
课前导学
一、阅读课本P8的内容，完成P9的文章。
二、阅读课本P10的内容，完成P11Part A and Part B。
三、直接引语和间接引语的简要介绍
（一）定义
引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。
He said, “I will choose a book for my students.”
他说：“我将为学生选一本书。”
He said that he would choose a book for his student.
他说他将为学生选一本书。
（二）间接引语的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。
质疑讨论
请提出预习中存在的问题。
拓展延伸
看下面的讲解，思考并完成下面的填空。
（一） 间接引语中的词语变化
1. 标点符号的变化：
He said to me, “Don’t buy it!” = He told me not to buy it.
2. 语序的变化： 疑问语序变为陈述语序。
He said to me, “Do you live in London?”
= He asked me if/whether I lived in London.
3. 动词的变化： say (to)在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。
He said to me, “Could you please live in London?”
= He asked me if/whether I could live in London.= He asked me to live in London.
4.时态的变化
(1) 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不变。
(2) 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化：
一般现在时 一般将来时
现在完成时 现在进行时
一般过去时
(3)但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。
(4)表示过去具体年份的状语不变
(5)表示真理，格言，谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。
(6) 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。
She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走)
(7)情态动词也要变成相应的过去时：
can→could； may→might； must→had to
5. 人称代词的变化
歌诀巧记人称变化：
人称变更怎么办？ “一主(1)、二宾(2)、三不变”(3)
若是自引自的话， 听者不变称不变。
(1)“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如： He said，“I am forty.” →He said that he was forty．
(2)“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如：
He said，“Are you coming tomorrow？”→He asked me if I was coming the next day．
(3)“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：
He said，“Is she an English teacher？”→He asked if she was an English teacher．
注：直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如：
He said，“Are you interested in it？”→He asked me/us if I was/we were interested in it．
6.一变、二换、三变化、四连词：
（1）直接引语为一般疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：
去掉引号加if（或whether）， 陈述语序要记住;
时态、人称和状语， 小心变化别马虎。
（2）直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语的口诀是：
直接去引号， 陈述莫忘掉;
助动do（does）、did， 一定要去掉。
（3）直接引语为祈使句变间接引语：
去掉引号要加to， asked、ordered加“告诉”（told），
直引若为否定句， not加在to前部。
7. 指示代词，地点副词，动词, 时间状语的变化
(1)指示代词的变化：
this these
(2)地点副词的变化：
here now
(3)动词的变化：
come bring
(4)时间状语的变化：
today tonight that night
yesterday /
yesterday morning the morning before
tomorrow the next day
tomorrow morning
this week/month/year
last week/month/year
next week /month/year
3 days ago
the day after tomorrow in 2 days’ time
（二）直接引语转换成间接引语的几种特殊形式
1.直接引语是祈使句
当直接引语是祈使句时，转换成间接引语时通常将祈使句改为动词不定式形式。如：
2.直接引语是表述建议、要求、同意、推测、判断的陈述句
如果直接引语是表述建议、要求、同意、推测、判断的陈述句，转换成间接引语时可以改为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：
Mary said to Bob, “You’d better ask your parents for some advice.”
a. Mary advised / wished Bob to ask his parents for some advice.
b. Mary suggested Bob / Bob’s asking his parents for some advice.
c. Mary advised / suggested that Bob (should) ask his parents for some advice.
3.直接引语是表示建议、要求或征求对方意见类特殊疑问句
一般情况下，直接引语是特殊疑问句时，通常把原来的疑问词作为连接代词或连接副词来引导宾语从句。但当特殊疑问句表示建议、要求或征求对方意见时，特殊疑问句通常还可改为动词不定式、或动词的-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：
“Why don’t you go swimming with us this weekend?” Jim said to me.
a. Jim asked me why I didn’t go swimming with them that weekend.
b. Jim asked / advised / wished me to go swimming with them that weekend.
c. Jim suggested me / my going swimming with them that weekend.
d. Jim advised / suggested that I should go swimming with them that weekend.
4.直接引语是表示请求、建议、要求或征求意见类一般疑问句可以改为动词不定式、动词的-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。如：
“Could you please turn up your radio a little?” Bruce said to John.
a. Bruce asked John if / whether he could turn up his radio a little.
b. Bruce asked / told John to turn up his radio a little.
c. Bruce suggested John turning up his radio a little.
d. Bruce suggested John (should) turn up his radio a little.
5.直接引语是祝福语
当直接引语是祝福语，转换为间接引语时，可以用say something to someone; wish someone to be / have ... 形式。如：
“Happy birthday to you, Alice!” Gary said.
a. Gary said “Happy birthday” to Alice.
b. Gary wished Alice to have a happy birthday.
6.直接引语是感叹句
当直接引语是感叹句时，可以转换为以原来的感叹词what或how所引导的宾语从句；也可以用that把原来的感叹句改为宾语从句。如：
We said: “What a clever monkey it is!”
a. We said what a clever monkey it was.
b. We said that it was a clever monkey.
迁移创新
1.He said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”
2.He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday?”
3. She said, “He will come here again tonight.”
4.Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.
5.Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late?”
6.He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”
7.He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”
8. He said, “I will live in London next year.”
KEYS
1.He told me that he had known me since I went to that place.
2. He asked me if/whether I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before.
3. She said that he would go there again that night.
4. Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him.
5.Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late.
6. He said that the earth turns around the sun.
7. He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.
8. He said that he would live in London the next year.
英语学科校本作业
班级_____ 姓名_________ 学号_____
请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。
1. “I'm glad to receive your e-mail,” said he.
________________________________________________
2. He said to me, “Are you going home this weekend?”
________________________________________________
3. “How do you like the food here?” said she.
________________________________________________
4. She said to me, “Don't ride in the street.”
________________________________________________
5. “Stand where you are!” the police said to the young man.
________________________________________________
6.She said, “We have worked on the school farm for two weeks.”
7.He said, “I'm reviewing my lessons.”
8.They said, “We arrived this morning.”
请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。
1．She said, “Are you from the south?”
She asked ________ I ________ from the south.
2. Mom said to me, “Don't tell a lie.”
Mom ________ me ________ ________ tell a lie.
3．Susan said to me, “We visited the Red Star Farm last week.”
Susan told me that ________ ________ ________ the Red Star Farm ________ ________ ________.
4．Mr Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.”
Mr Paul ________ us that light ________ faster than sound.
5．“Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him.
The manager ________ him ________ ________ and post the letters.
参考答案： I.
1. He said that he was glad to receive my e-mail.
2. He asked me if/whether I was going home that weekend.
3. She asked how I liked the food there.
4. She told me not to ride in the street.
5. The police ordered the young man to stand where he was.
6 . She said that they had worked on the school farm for two weeks.
7. He said that he was reviewing his lessons.
8. They said that they had arrived that morning.
II. 1. if / whether; was 2. told; not to
3. they had visited; the week before 4. told; travels
5. told; to go
篇10：被动语态小练 (人教版高一英语下册教学论文)
被动语态小练
1. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
-No, I _____. Did they have a big wedding? (湖北2004)
A. was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
2. The number of deaths from heart disease ______ greatly if people _______ to eat more fruit and vegetables. (上海2004)
A. will reduce; will persuade
B. is reduced; persuade
C. will be reduced; are persuaded
D. will reduce; will be persuaded
3. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month. (北京2001春)
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
4. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes. (北京2001春)
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
5. -______ our eco-travel plan might be put off.
-Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
6. -Why does Jenny seem so unhappy?
-She _____ by her friends.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at
7. The world wants to know how the 29th Summer Olympic Games _______ by Beijing.
A. will be hosted
B. have been hosted
C. were hosted
D. is hosted
8. The fallen trees _____ away and the traffic is dead on the road.
A. have been dragged
B. are dragging
C. were dragged
D. are being dragged
9. -Two rooms for tonight please.
-Sorry, sir, but all the rooms _______.
A. have booked
B. have been booked
C. will be booked
D. are being booked
10. A number of new functions ______ to the computer since it was first invented in 1946.
A. have added
B. were added
C. have been adding
D. have been added
11. Most of your time _______ to treating patients if you become a doctor after school.
A. will devote B. is devoted
C. will be devoted D. are devoted
12. -Why are you walking to school today?
-Well, my bicycle_______.
A. is being mended B. was mended
C. is mended D. is mending
13. Plenty of trees _____ in Beijing and it will take on a new look in the near future.
A. are being planted
B. being planted
C. will plant
D. have planted
14. Experts say that many houses _____ by the coming typhoon.
A. will be damaged
B. have been damaged
C. are damaged
D. are being damaged
15. Although the great old man has passed away, he _____ forever.
A. will remember
B. will be remembered
C. has been remembered
D. was remembered
Key: 1-5 ACDBA 6-10 DADBD 11-15 CAAAB
责任编辑：李芳芳
是doing还是to do----讲练 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
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