下面是小编整理的高考代词讲义与练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)，本文共11篇，欢迎您阅读，希望对您有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“plmabc”提供。
篇1：高考代词讲义与练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
代词
代词是用来代替名词、形容词或数词的词。这些代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。这里，我们介绍几组常用代词的用法及辨析。
（一） 人称代词
主格 I he she we you they it
宾格 me him her us you them it
用法：人称代词的主格作主语；宾格作表语或宾语； 人称代词作表语时，与动词前面的代词或名词或名词同格。
I was considered to be she. They considered me to be her.
I thought it to be her. It was thought to be her.
（二） 物主代词
形容词性 my your his her its our their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs
用法：形容词性物主代词作定语； 名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。
如：He is my teacher. Whose book is this? It’s mine.
I’ve finished my homework. Have you finished yours? He is an old friend of mine.
（三） 反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词在句中一般作宾语、表语和同位语。
1． 作宾语：They called themselves weavers.
2． 作表语：Stop fooling and be yourself.
3． 作同位语：反身代词不达意作同位语可以放在与之同位的名词或代词之后，也可放在句末。
如：They themselves decided to go to see it.
They decided to go to see it themselves.
注意下列习惯说法：
come to oneself（苏醒）/ be not oneself（身体不舒服）congratulate oneself on（暗自庆幸）
enjoy oneself express oneself（表达） devote oneself to（致力于）
dress oneself（穿衣） find oneself（发觉自己在）help oneself to（随便吃）
hide oneself（躲藏）keep sth. to oneself（保守秘密）make oneself at home（不要拘束，就像在自己家里一样） make oneself + p.p. seat oneself
-for oneself（为自已或替自已）
You must find it out for yourself.（独自地）
They kept it for themselves（为自已）
-of oneself自然地，自动地
The enemy will not perish of himself.
The door opened of itself.
-by oneself独自地，自单干
I’m busy, would you go there by yourself.
They made the machine all by themselves.
-in oneself（本身性质）
The materials in themselves were not poisonous.
This is not a bad idea in itself.
I like the house in itself but not furnituure in it.
注：某些带有反身代词的动词词不达意组已变成固定习语。
Have you enjoyed yourself recently?
He is not himself today.
Don’t get nervous, help yourself to what you like.
（四） 疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whoever,which,whichever,what,whatever。疑问代词一般放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句， 可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
Whoever told you that is a fool.What is this? Whom (who)did you want?
（五） 指示代词
指示代词有：this, that,these,those,it,such,same等。
1． This,that,these,those的用法：
（1） 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
This is my pen. Do you want this?That book is mine. What I want is this.
（2） This(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.These days we are very busy.
（3） This(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物； 而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。如：
What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing.
He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know.
（4） That (those)常用来指前面提到过的名词。如：
This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.
The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor.
2． such的用法：
（1） such一般在句中作定语和主语。如：
Such is my answer. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
（2） such用作定语时，它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。
He is such an interesting person.
3． same的用法：
same可用作定语、主语、表语和宾语。same前必须加the。如：
I went there on the same day.The same can be said of the other city.
What I want to say is the same.I’ll do the same.
（六） 不定代词
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数的区别。不定代词的种类较多，用法各异，下面分别进行介绍。
1． One,some与any的用法
one可以泛指任何人，还可以用在形容词和that,this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词，其复数形式为ones，可用作主语和宾语； one’s是它的物主代词形式，可用作定语；oneself是它的反身代词形式，可用作主语和宾语。some和any通常用作定语，都可用来修饰可数名词、单数或复数名词。some用于单数可数名词前， 表示“某一”。some用于数词前，表示“大约”。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定句中。如：
One should wash oneself regularly. This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.
I have some books. Have you any books? I don’t have any books.
注：
（1） some可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中，预期的答案是肯定的，或鼓励给予一个肯定的答复。如：
Could you let me have some coffee?
（2） some和any可用作主语和宾语。如
Some are singing, others are dancing. Does any of you know Mr Wang?
I don’t like any of the books.
（3） Some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成的合成代词都作单元数看待。另外，some的合成代词一般用于肯定句，any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。
2． Each,every的用法
（1） each强调个别，可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。every强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中都作定语。如：
The teacher had a talk with each of them. Each of us has two boxes.
We have two boxes each. Every boy has a book.
Every one has strong and weak points.
（2） each所代表的数可以是两个以上， 而every所指的数必须是三个以上。如：
Each of the two has won a prize. Every student in the class likes English.
3． none和no的用法：
（1） no=not any.在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。如：
There is no water in the well.None of them know the story.
（2） none代替不可数名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； 代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。如：
None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties.
4． many和much的用法：
many和much都表示许多，但是many用来修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。都可用作主语、宾语和定语。如：
Many of the students often go shopping. I have much to do.
There is not much water in the cup.
much有时用作状语。如：
He likes playing football very much.
5． Few,little,a few,a little的用法：
Few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few与a few修饰可数名词；little,a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。如：
He knows a little English.Few of them could speak English.I know a little about Japanese.
6． other和another的用法：
other 意为“另外的”，作定语，常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用，但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one,or以及形容词性物主代词时，则可与单数名词连用。如：other boys,all other beauty,no other way,the other one, any other plant,every other day,some other reason
等。
others是other的复数形式，泛指“别的人或物“（但不是全部）。如：
指“两者中的另一个“。常与one连用，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示另一个中的“全部其余的”。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
The others是the other的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”。如：
I have got ten pencils.
Two of them are red, the others are blue.
another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”，“再一、、、、、、”，“另一个”，作代词或形容词。如
I have finished this novel, please give me another.
One….the other指两个人或物构成的一组中的个体；one ….another指同一组内的两个个体。如：
Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack.
One person may like to spend his holiday at seashore,while another may prefer the mountains.
7． neither和either的用法：
neither表示两者都不；either表示两者中的任何一个；两个词都表示单数，在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
Neither of the answers is wrong. Either sentence is right.
I know neither of the teachers. You may take either of the books.
8． all和both的用法：
这两个词都表示整体，但both指两个人或物，all而指三个以上的人或物； 在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。如：
All of us should work hard. We both like to go.
We like both of the books That’s all for today.
All knowledge comes from practice.
注：（1）all表示不可数名词时， 其谓语动词用单数。
（2）both和all加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分别是用neither和none。如：
Both of us are not teachers. Neither of us is a teacher.
All of the books are not English books. None of the books are English books.
部分否定 全部否定
两者 Both…not
Not…both（并非两者都） Neither=not…either两者都不
两者以上 All…not
Not…all（并非所有、、、都）
Every…not
Not…every（并非每一个都）
The whole…not
Not …the whole（并非全部） Not…any
none（没有一个）
no one
nobody（没有人）
nothing
（没有任何事物）
（七） 关于不定代词的用法-替代和修饰
1． 替代或修饰复数名词，谓语用复数。-few, a few, quite a few,only a few, several,many,a great (good) many
（但要注意接代词或特定范围的名词需要加of: a few of them/ a few of the students）-a large(great) number of , a couple fo hundreds (scores,dozens )of
2． 直接替代或修饰不可数名词。
-little,a little,a bit,less,least,much,no a little,no a bit of,a great deal of,a great amount of
3． 直接替代不可数名词，谓语用单数。替代可数名词，谓语用复数。
-some,any,enough,more,most,a lot of /lots of/plenty of/a great(good,large)quantity of/great(good,large)quantities of
八． 代词so的用法：
1． So do I. 后者与前者相同，两个不同的主语。
2． So I do. 重复前面的内容，同一个主语。
3． I do so. 指代前面的内容。
4． So it is with… 如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子，而且里面包含不同的人称、数或时态等时，so可以替代从句中的that宾语从句下面的动词，多用此种替代方法。
5． 常用结构：
I’m afraid so. ≯ I’m afraid not.
I think so. ≯ I don’t think so.
I believe so. ≯ I believe not.
I hope so. ≯ I hope not.
I suppose / fear / imagine so. ≯ I suppose / fear / imagine not.
I have been told so.
九．such与so的不同用法：
6． such置于冠词之前，但常用在some / any / every / many / all / no之后。
such an interesting book ≯ so interesting a book
no such thing / one such animal
7． such + adj. +不可数名词/名词的复数形式
8． so many / few / much / little +可数/不可数名词
so many people / so little money / such a little girl
9． such用于特殊结构 Such is our study plan.
10． so that（目的/结果）≯ in case（没有such that）
such … as…
十．常用代词辨异：
11． one, ones, that, those, it
◆one与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。
▲ ①one与ones既可指人也可指物，ones不可单独使用，也不可用those，these直接修饰，但可用the修饰，或these + adj. + ones。
▲ ②one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，而ones不能。
▲ ③one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。
▲ ④one可单独使用，作“任何人”解。
◆that与those，that代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。That，those后面跟定语从句时，关系代词不能用that。
◆one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特定的东西。
12． no one, none
① no one = nobody，只指人，不指物，谓语动词用单数。
② no one没有固定范围，故其后不接of短语。none可接of短语。
No one，nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答。
e.g. Is there anyone who can do the experiment? No one.
③ none表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个都不”。表示不可数名词时，谓语用单数；表示可数名词时，单复数均可。
none常用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答，也可对 any + of 短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而no one用来回答“Who”引导的特殊疑问句。
It构成的句型小结
一、It作形式主语的句型
为使句子平衡，往往把it置于句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语（通常是不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句）移至句末。It 作形式主语的句型有：
㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型
1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.
做某事花去某人多长时间
Just a minute, it won't take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。
It takes five minutes to walk there.走到那里需要5分钟。
It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
我花了一年多时间才学会在5分钟内画出一匹好看的马来。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样一幢房子需要很多钱。
2. It takes + 名词 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要… …
It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.
对安妮来说，教我说话需要极大的信心和想象力。
It takes time for them to prepare for the great changes that take place in space.
他们需要很多时间准备应付太空中所发生的巨大变化。
3. It is + 形容词 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是… …的
常用于该句型的形容词比较多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。
It was not right for the south to break away from the union.南方脱离联邦是不对的。
It was kind of you to help us.谢谢你对我们的帮助。
It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.懒汉谋生是越来越困难了。
What time would it be most convenient for me to call again?
什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？
It’s very good of you to have listened to me.感谢你能听我讲。
It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday.
你能给我这么美好的假日，实在是想得太周到、太友善了。
4. It is + 名词 + to do sth. 做某事是… …的
常用于该句型的名词有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour, the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough等。
As a student, it is bad manners to come late to class.作为学生，上课迟到是没有礼貌的。
It is our duty to pay taxes to our government.向政府交税是我们的义务。
5. It is + one’s turn + to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It was my turn to clean the blackboard.轮到我擦黑板了。
6. It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任或义务
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。
㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型
7. It is + 名词 + doing sth. 做某事是… …
用于该句型的名词有：no good, no use, hard work, a nuisance, a waste of time, a great honour等。
It’s no use talking to him about it.和他谈论此事是没用的。
It’s no use/good (in) crying over spilt/spilled milk.事已至此，后悔也无用。（牛奶已泼，哭也没用。）
It is hard work keeping the grass green at this time of year.这个季节还使草保持绿色真是不容易。
It was a nuisance having to wait for such a long time.要等这样久真烦人。
It’s a waste of time your talking to him.你和他谈话是浪费时间。
It has been a great honour your coming to visit me.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。
8. It is + 形容词 + doing sth. 做某事真… …
用于该句型的形容词有：pleasant, useless, senseless, worthwhile, dangerous等。
It was pleasant meeting you in London that day.那天在伦敦见到你真高兴。
It’s dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?做这样的实验值得吗？
㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型
9. It + be + 名词 + that从句
用于该句型中的名词有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。
惯用句型有：
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.真遗憾，她犯了这样一个错误。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
It is a thousand pity/ thousand pities that he missed the chance.他错过了这次机会真是太可惜了。
It is no wonder that he has passed the examination.难怪他考试及格了。
It is a shame that you have to leave so soon.你必须这么早离开，真遗憾。
It was a stupid thing that he didn’t listen to his teacher.他不听老师的话，真蠢。
It is a great honour that he receive that prize.他得到了那个奖真是无上的荣耀。
10. It + be + 形容词 + that从句 … … 是 … …
用于该句型中的形容词有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。
惯用句型有：
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It is important that we (should) learn English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。
It is necessary that the students (should) remember all the new words.学生记住所有的新单词是必要的。
11. It + be + -ed 分词 + that从句 据… …是… …的
常见的过去分词有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。
惯用句型有：
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remembered that…务必记住的是
It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道，又有一颗人造卫星被送入轨道。
It is said that he has gone to the USA for further study.据说他已去美国深造了。
It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知，光以直线运行。
It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves.已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。
12. It + 及物动词 + 名词 + 从句
It makes no difference to me whether it’s foggy or clear.对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。
It doesn’t make any difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他是否去对我都没有什么影响。
It makes no matter whether you arrive first or last --- there’s enough food for everyone, whatever time they arrive.大家早到晚到都无关紧要 --- 不管什么时候来，都有足够的东西吃。
13. It + 不及物动词 + that分句
常见的不及物动词有：seem, happen, look, appear, come about, turn out, occur等。
惯用句型有：
It appears that…似乎……
It (so) happens (that)… （那么）碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.)看来他似乎有病。
It happened that he wasn’t there. (= He happened not to be there.)碰巧他不在哪儿。
He would have been traveling on the train that crashed if it hadn’t so happened he’d been working late that night.要不是那天晚上他正巧下班晚了，他就会乘坐那趟出事的列车了。
14. It doesn’t matter (to sb.) + 从句 （对）… …都无所谓
It doesn’t matter to me what he says.对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
It doesn’t seem to matter much whether he received the gift or not.他是否接受这件礼物似乎都无所谓。
It doesn’t matter if we are late.我们就是晚到一点也不要紧。
注意：It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
其句型为：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do
(2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do
(3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do
It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
二、It 作形式宾语的句型
㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型
15. 主语 + find(make, feel) it + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.
I find it easy enough to get on with Tom.我觉得与汤姆相处很容易。
16. 主语 + find(make, feel) it + n. + to do sth.
He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Smith.他觉得把事实告诉史密斯先生是他的职责。
People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方人把为亲友买圣诞礼物作为一种惯例。
㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型
17. 主语 + think + it + n. + doing sth.
We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那件事是无用的。
You must find it exciting working here.你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的。
18. 主语 + think + it + adj. + doing sth.
I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement.
我认为像我们这样没有确定协议而进行是不明智的。
I don’t think it worthwhile taking such trouble. 我想不值得这么费事了。
㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型
19. 主语 + find(make, think) it + n. + that从句
I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to do the housework endlessly.
我曾老觉得母亲不得不无休止地做家务是一件可怕的事情。
I consider it a great shame that I didn’t pass the examination. 我认为我考试不及格是件非常羞耻的事。
20. 主语 + find(make, think) it + adj. + that从句
I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好呆在这里。
You may think it strange that anyone would live there你也许感到奇怪，居然有人愿意住在那儿。
21. 主语 + take it for granted + that从句
I take it for granted that you will be coming to the meeting.我当然认为你会来参加会议。
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.我以为你当然会留在我们这里。
22. I hate(like, enjoy, love) + it + when从句
我不喜欢/喜欢 … …
该句型中it用于hate, like, enjoy, love等动词后，充当形式宾语。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我很不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.我喜欢秋天清爽明朗的日子。
三、It 用于强调结构句型
23. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that……
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.我们从太阳得到光和热。
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做的试验。
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
那个实验是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做的。
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
是昨天晚上我父亲在实验室做的那个实验。
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
是在实验室里我父亲昨天晚上做的那个实验。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
干工作的能力不在乎你来自何方还是干什么的。
It will not be you who(that) will have to take the blame for this.不是你必须承担这份责任。
It’s the servant who killed Mr. Smith.是仆人杀害的史密斯先生。
It must be the servant who killed Mr. Smith.一定是仆人杀害的史密斯先生。
It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag.
或许是在圣诞节，约翰送手提包给玛丽的。
What was it that made you so happy?使你这么高兴的到底是什么？
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the college yesterday?
史密斯先生昨天在大学里见到的那个人到底是谁？
24. It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that ……
直到… …才 … …
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜来我才意识到她是一位著名影星。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到我读了你的信，我才了解到事情的真实情况。
It is not until I have seen it with my own eyes that I will believe it.
只有我亲眼看到这件事，我才相信它。
25. It is/was … not … (被强调部分)+ that… 是… …而不是… …
It is/was not …but …(被强调部分)+that…不是……而是……
It was last week not yesterday that she met your brother in New York.
她是在上周而不是在昨天，在纽约看见你弟弟的。
It was not last week but yesterday that she met your brother in New York.
她不是在上周而是在昨天，在纽约看见你弟弟的。
It was Mary’s bag not Jone’s that was lost at school yesterday evening.
昨晚是玛丽的提包，不是琼斯的提包，在学校丢了。
It was not Mary’s bag but Jone’s that was lost at school yesterday evening.
昨晚不是玛丽的提包，而是琼斯的提包，在学校丢了。
26. It is/was because … … + that … … 是因为… … 才… …
It was because he was ill that he had to see a doctor.是因为病了，他才不得不去看医生的。
He told me that it was because he was ill that they decided to return.
他告诉我正是因为他患病了他们才决定回来的。
It was because the weather was too bad that we failed to get in touch with them.
正是因为天气太坏，我们才没有和他们联系上。
27. It is/was not because… … but because … … + that … …
不是因为 … … 而是因为 … … 才 … …
It is not because she is beautiful but because she has a talent for music that I recommend her.
我不是因为她美，而是因为她有音乐天才，才推荐她的。
It is not because of your efficiency but because of long absence that you get little money.
不是因为你做事效率低，而是因为你缺勤时间久，得到的钱才少的。
28. It is/was + (被强调部分) + (that) … …+ that … …
正是 … … 的这个 … … 才 … …
It is the fact that we have spent all our money that we must face.
正是我们已花光我们所有钱财的这一事实，才是我们必须面对的。
It was that he was chosen that made us very happy.正是他被选中这件事，才使我们非常高兴的。
It is in the factory (that) we visited last week that his father works.
他父亲工作的地方，正是上周我们参观的那家工厂。
It is in the way (that) I like that she cooks chicken.她正是以我喜欢的方式烹调鸡肉的。
四、It 用于特殊结构句型
㈠ 常用固定句型
29. It is + time + for sb. to do sth 到……时间了; 该到……了
It is + time(about time, high time) + (that) sb. did sth. 时间已迟了; 早该……了
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed. (= It is high time that the children should go to bed.)
该到孩子们上床睡觉的时间了。
It’s about time you stopped smoking.是你该戒烟的时候了。
Jack’s suit was old and it was high time we bought a new one.
杰克的衣服已经穿旧，是该买一套新的时候了。
30. It is + the first / second time（表次数）+ that从句 这是第一次 /第二次… …
该结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
31. It is + 一段时间 + since从句
It has been + 一段时间 + since从句
自从… … 以来已经 … …
该句型中 “ It is … since…”可代替“It has been … since …”，意思不变。
It is (= has been) five years since we last met.自从我们上次见面以来已经有五年了。
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已有两年了。
It seems a long time since we last met.自从我们上次见面以来似乎过了很长时间。
It was years/ ages since I had seen her.自从我上次见过她已经多年/很久了。
It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这里刚一星期。
--- My uncle comes in from Iraq tonight.
--- How long has it been since you last saw him
--- 我叔叔今晚从伊拉克回来了。
--- 你们分别后有多长时间了？
注意：since从句中用延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时，通常表示动作或状态的完成或结束。
It is five years since he lived here.他不住在这儿已五年了。
It is a long time since he smoked.他戒烟已有好长时间了。
It is three years since he joined the army.他参军三年了。
It is three years since he was in the army.他复员（离开军队）三年了。
32. It be + 一段时间+ before从句 好久… … 就 … …
该结构中be可以换用其他半系动词，也可以用将来时。
It was some time before he could speak.过了好一会以后他才说出话来。
It was not long before I realized my mistake.不久我就意识到了我的错误。
It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎过了好一会儿才轮到我。
It may be many years before we meet again.我们可能要好多年以后才能见面。
It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary.我们要用很长时间才能完成这本词典。
It will be five years before we meet again.要等5年我们才能在见面。
㈡ 固定习语句型
此类句型颇多，现就高中出现的列举一二：
33. It / That (all) depends. 要看情况而定
--- Can you come to the party tonight?
--- It all depends when I finish my paper.
--- 你今晚能来参加晚会吗？
--- 那要看我什么时候做完作业。
--- What will you do? --- I don’t know. It depends.
--- 你愿意干点什么？ --- 我不知道。要看情况。
34. It’s /That’s too bad + (that)从句 太不幸了；太可惜了；真糟糕
It is too bad Jack doesn’t know German better.
真可惜杰克的德语没有学得更好一些。
It was too bad David had a bad cold when the circus came to our town.
真不凑巧，当马戏团来到我们镇上时戴维得了重感冒。
35. When / If it comes / came to the point, … … 到了紧要关头；到采取行动或作出决定的时候
When it came to the point, he refused to help.到了紧要关头时他却拒绝援助。
I’m sure when it comes to the point, Mary won’t marry him after all.
我敢肯定，到做决定时，玛丽是根本不会嫁给他的。
经典练习：
1． We asked John and Jerry, but ______ of then could offer a satisfactory explanaion.
A. either B.none C.both D.neither
2.My daughter often makes a schedule to get ______ reminded of what she is to do in the day.
A.herself B.her C.she D.hers
3.We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our apartment. We need to buy _____ more furniture.
A.any B.many C.little D.some
4.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.
A. it B.one C.himself D.another.
5. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
6. –Do you like_____ here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
A.this B.these C.that D.it
7.That’s an an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ______ he’s done for you.
A.something B.anything C.all D.that
8.There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ____?
A.little;some B.little;any C.a little; some D.a little; any
9.I got the story from Tom and ____ people who had worked with him.
A.every other B.many others C.some other D. other than
10. I had to buy ____ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
A.both B.none C.neither D.all
11.I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_____ in two days?
A.the rest B.the other C.another D.the others
12.-You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
-_______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A.I hope not B. Yes, I have C.I hope so D.Yes, I’m afraid so
13.-Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
-______ way as you please.
A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either
14.Playing tricks on others is _______ we should never do.
A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
15.It is _____any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
16.I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _____ couldn’t spare me even one minute.
A.they B.one C.who D.it
17.-One week’s time has been wasted.
-I can’t believe we did all that work for _____.
A.sometime B.nothing C.everything D.anything
18.-There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.
-Thanks.
A.either B.each C.one D.it
19.-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
-Why _____? Jhon is sitting there doing nothing.
A.him B.he C. I D.me
20.He did it _______ it took me.
A.one-third a time B.one-third time C.the one-third time D.one-third the time
21.Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for _____ two weeks.
A.another B.other C.the other D.other’s
22.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ______pictures of them.
A.many of B.masses of C. the number of D.a large amount of
23. The mother didn’t know ______ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A.who B.when C.how D.what
24. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____I will always treasure.
A. that B.one C.it D.what
25. –You’re always working. Come on , let’s go shopping.
- _____ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B.Something C.All D.That
26. As a result of destroying the forests,a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.
A.number; has B.quantity; has C.number; have D.quantiry; have
27. If this dictionary is not yours, ________ can it be?
A.what else B.who else C.which else’s D.who else’s
28. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ___?
A. another B.the other C. others D. the rest
29.-Why don’t we take a little break?
-Didn’t we just have ____?
A.it B.that C. one D. this
30.If you want to change for double room, you’ll have to pay _____$15.
A.another B.other C. more D. each
31. _____ of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; are C.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are
32.-Do you want tea or coffe?
-______. I really don’t mind.
A. Both B.None C.Either D.Neither
33.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _____.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
34.Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
35.Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember _____.
A.where B.there C.which D.that
36.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
37.______ friends Betty had made there were all invited to her birthday party.
A.Few of B.Few C.The few D. A few
38. Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has ____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither
39.You can buy these maps at _______ railway station. They all have them.
A.all B.any C.every D.each
40.At that tiem neither country allowed _____ to open any companies on its land.
A.another B.the other C.other D.the others
41.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family, my sister and _____.
A.me B.I C.myself D.mine
42.-The city is completely strange to me.
-Here is a map for you. It is as good a ma[ as _____.
A.neither B .none C.any D.every
43.-Which of the two Italian films do you like better?
-_____,because they are meaningless.
A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither
44.-Would you like some soft drink?
-Yes, but only _____.
A.a few B.a little C.few D.little
45._____ was thoughtful _____ John to send me this present.
A.It; for B.He; for C.It; of D.He; of
46.-We talked twenty miles today.
-I never guessed you could have walked ____far.
A.as B.those C.that D.such
47.Not all these books are second-hand, _____ of which are new.
A. all B.none C.some D.each
48.Two ancient Chinese vases, _______ worth $1,000, were sold at Sotheby’s last Monday.
A.which B.each C.every D.all
49.The computers we use today are much better than ____ we used ten years ago.
A.one B.that C.ones D.those
50.I prefer a street in a small town to ______ in such a large city as Shanghai.
A.that B.it C.this D.one
51.I’ve just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy ______ back.
A.one B.any C.it D.some
52.Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ____?
A.another B.the other C.others D.the rest
53.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ______.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
54.Tom’s motehr kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____didn’t help.
A.he B.which C.she D.it
55.-Do you live _____ near Jim?
-No, he lives in another part of the town.
A. somewhere B.nowhere C.anywhere D.them both
56.-Which coat would you prefer, sir?
-I’ll take _____, to have a change sometimes.
A.all them B.them all C.both them D.them both.
57.We couldn’ eat in restaurant because ________ of us had _____money on us.
A.all; no B.any; no C.none; any D.no one; any
58.They are good friends. _____is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A.This B.That C.There D.It.
59.The headmaster asked _____ students to be strict with ourselves in everything.
A.us B.his C.the D.our
60.-Do you have _____ at home now, mum?
-No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.
A. nothing B.everything C.anything D.something
61.I haven’t brought the dictionary with ______. Will you lend me _____?
A. my; your B.me; your C.mine; yours D.me; yours
62.The noise of the party prevented me from getting _____ sleep.
A.some B.any C.no D.many.
Keys:1-5 DADBC 6-10 DCACD 11-15 AACBD 16-20 ABADD 21-25 ABABC 26-30 BDDCA 31-35CCCCC 36-40 ACBBB 41-45 ABDBC 46-50 CCBDD 51-55CDCDA 56-60 DCDAB 61-62 DB
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇2：代词IT的用法 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
代词IT的用法
一．IT的用法
用 法 例 证
1. 用作代词，为人称代词；第三人称单数，主格与宾格 There is a map on the wall. It is a map of China. 墙上有张地图，它是一张中国地图。(It指代上文提到的a map，在句中作主语)
Our monitor suggested that we go outing on Sunday. No one was against it. 班长建议我们星期天去郊游，没人反对。 (it指代上句这件事，作介词的宾语)
2．作无人称代词，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表天气，时间，度量及情况等。 “What time is it?” “It's twelve o'clock.” “现在几点了?”“十二点钟。”(指代时间)
It was quiet at that moment. 当时非常安静。(指代情况)
3．作先行代词。It作先行代词时，本身没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语或宾语移到句子的后面去，it的作用是代替它后面起主语或宾语作用的不定式，动名词或从句。 It is very important for us to study English. 学英语对我们来说非常重要。(it指代后面的动词不定式。)
It's doubtful whether he will be able to come. 他能否来还很难说。(it代替后面的whether从句)
It's no use crying over the spilt milk. 牛奶倾覆，哭之无益。(覆水难收)(it指代后面的动名词。)
I owe it to you that I can achieve so much. 我能取得这些成绩都归功于你。(it指代后面的that从句)
4．用于强调句型中，it是引词，本身无词义。lt is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其它成分这一句型可强调主语，宾语或状语。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 大约是在6前，造了第一只有钟面与时针的钟。
5．用于一些固定词组中，接在某些由名词变来的动词后，无实际意义。口语中用作某些动词或介词的含糊宾语，无意义。 Put it on. 夸大其词，吹牛。
Watch it. 注意。
Go it while you are young. 趁你年轻努力干吧。
I had a good time of it. 我玩得很高兴。
Depend upon it, she will soon recover. 不错(毫无疑问)，她很快会复原。
As ill luck will have it. 偏偏不巧。
You'll catch it! 你可小心点儿!(警告用语)
You are in for it. 这下你可得干到底了(或这下你可要倒霉了。)
6. 用作代词。意为“的确是
那东西，更重要的(必要的)东西，理想，极致，最顶尖的人”，俚语中指“重要人物，讨厌，自负的人”。 That's it. 就这样了。/真是这样。
In a lilac sun bonnet she was it. 她戴着一顶紫色遮阳帽，瀑亮极了。
For barefaced lying you are really it. 以无耻造谣而论，你真算得上天下第一。
Stop acting as though you were it. 不要夜郎自大。
He is a perfect it. 他太讨厌了。
We'll foot it. 我们将步行去。
We'll taxi it. 我们将坐出租车去。
She queens it. 她玩着女皇派头。
二．IT作人称代词
用 法 例 证
1．代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
Where is my school-bag? It's on the desk. 我的书包在哪里?它在课桌上。(it指代前面的物school-bag)
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't work. 汤姆的母亲不断地告诉他要好好努力，但这根本没用。(it指代
前面要他努力这样)
Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. 虽然我们看不见空气，但它在我们的周围。(it指代后面的air。在主从复合句中，it通常位于从句中，而它所指代的名词通常位于主句中。)
It would be wonderful if you could come to help us. 如果你来帮助我们，那就太好了。(it指将会发生的事情，代替if引导的从句)
2．代替有生命的但不能或不必分阴阳的东西。(包括某些集合名词，个体名词) Our class is a big one. We all love it very much. 我们班是个大班，我们都热爱它。(it指代前面的集体名词class)
The baby cried because it was hungry. 婴儿因为饿而哭了。(it指代前面的个体名词baby)
三．IT作无人称代词
用 法 例 证
1．指时间 It's twelve o'clock now and it's time for lunch. 现在十二点了，该吃午饭了。
“What day is it?” “It's Thursday.” “今天星期几？”“星期四。”
It has been ten years since I left Taiwan. 我离开台湾已经十年了。
2．指距离 “How far is it to the school?” “It's about one mile.” “到学校有多远?”“大约一英里。”
It half an hour's walk to the factory. 到工厂需走半个小时的路程。
3．指自然现象 It is getting hotter and hotter. 天越来越热了。
It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
It's cloudy today. 今天多云。
4．指度量 It's 10 kilegrams in weight. 重量为十公斤。
It is twenty square metres of area. 面积为20平方米。
5．指环境情况 It's dark in the room. 房间里很黑。
It was very quiet at the moment. 这时候很安静。
It's quite close in the room. Let's open the window. 房间里相当闷，把窗子打开吧。
四．IT作先行代词
用 法 例 证
1．It作形式主语，指代不定式，动名词或从句。 In fact it is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. 事实上，在重大足球比赛中，警察们维护秩序是一件难事。(it代替动词不定式短语for the police to keep...)
It took them two years to finish the building. 他们花了两年时间建成了这座大楼。(it代替动词不定式短语to finish...)
It's no use reading without understanding. 读书不求甚解是无用的。(it代替后面动名词reading...)
It's no good talking up the matter now. 现在提起那个问题也没用。(it代替后面的动名词talking...)
It is a pity that you didn't come yesterday. 你昨天没有来，真可惜。(it代替从句that...)
It needs further discussion whether we'll build a new library or not. 我们是否要建一个新的图书馆还需进一步讨论。(it代替从句whether...)
2．it作形式宾语指代不定式，动名词或从句。 I found it difficult to hear what she said. 我发现要听见她说的话很困难。(it代替不定式to hear...)
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的形势很重要。(it代替不定式to study...)
She thought it no use telling him about that. 她觉得把那件事告诉他没有用。(it代替动名词telling...)
We consider it good reading aloud in the morning. 我们认为早晨大声朗读是有好处的。(it代替动名词短语reading...)
They think it necessary that we go there at once. 他们认为我们有必要立即赶到那里。(it代替从句that...)
小结：
在句型中充当形式宾语的情况有三种：
1．谓语动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)等后接有if或when等引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能来参加我的生日晚会，我将感到高兴。
2．动词have(表达，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等后接由引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I take it you have been out. 我想你出去过了。
We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布了我们已提前完成了这项工程。
3．短语动词answer for(担保)， count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持)，see to(确保)等后接引导的宾语从句时，往往在从句前加上形式宾语it。 I am counting on it that you will come. 我们期待着你能来。
See to it that you always carry your passport. 你得常带着你的护照。
五．IT构成强调句
用 法 例 证
1．可以改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。其句型为It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其它成分，可强调主语，宾语或状语。 原句：I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 我昨天在火车站遇到了李明。
强调主语：It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station. 是我昨天在火车站遇到李明的。
强调宾语：It was Li Ming that/who/whom I met at the railway station. 我昨天在火车站遇到的是李明。
强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 我昨天是在火车站遇到李明的。
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 我是昨天在火车站遇到李明的。
2．强调句型也可强调一些状语从句。 It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. 只有当我最近重读他的诗歌时，我才欣赏到它们的美妙来。 (强调only when引导的从句)
It was not until she took off her glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下眼镜，我才意识到她是一位著名电影明星。(强调not...until从句。注意not必须位于until前与后面的从句一起提前被强调。)
3．强调句的一般疑问句句型： Is/Was+it+被强调部分+that/who/whom+其他成分? Was it in 1969 that the America astronaut succeeded in landing the moon? 是在1969年美国宇航员成功登陆月球的吗?
4．强调句的特殊疑问句句型：疑问词+is/was+it+that/ who / whom? Where was it that you met with the famous singer? 在哪里你遇上了这位著名歌唱家的？
Why was it that he got so angry? 到底是为什么他会如此生气?
小结
1. 强调状语时，连接词只能用that，强调人时，则可用that或who(在原句中作主语)或whom (在原句中作宾语)
2. 原句的谓语动词时态是一般过去进行时和过去完成时，用It was...来强调，其他时态用It is...来强调。
3. 强调谓语动词时不能用此句型，而应借助于助动词do，在句中要重读。 I did meet Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.我昨天在火车站确实碰上李明了。
I did forget your birthday.我确实把你的生日给忘了。
Do be careful.务必要小心。
4. 注意强调句不要与定语从句混淆。如果是强调句，那么去掉其强调结构It is/was与that/who/whom之后句子依然成立，否则便不是强调句。 It was on October 1st, 1949 what new China was founded.新中国是在1949年10月1日成立的。(强调句，强调时间状语)
It was October 1st 1949 when new China was founded.新中国成立的时间是1949年10月1日。(这不是强调句型，是一个定语从句)
高考选题
1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____ didn't help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
2. I was disappointed with the film, I had expected _____ to be much better.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
3. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4. It was not until 1920 _____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
5. It was about 600 years ago _____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
6. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
7. I hate _____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. those D. them
8. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
9. Was it in 1969 ___the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon?
A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D. that; in
10. Was _____ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you C. you D. that yourself
11. ---Wasn't it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now? ---_____.
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, it was C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did
12. _____ was in 1979 _____ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when
13. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
14. What a pity my new computer doesn't work. _____ must be something wrong with it.
A. It B. There C. This D. That
15. An awful accident _____, however, occur the other day,
A. does B. did C. h~ to D. had to
16. In fact _____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
17. It is these poisonous products _____ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
18. _____ is no possibility _____ Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. There; whether D. It; whether
19. Since you have repaired my TV set, _____ is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it B. there C. this D. that
20. It _____ long before we _____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not ho; will know B. is; will know C. will not be; know D. is; know
21. It was because of bad weather _____ the football match had to be put off.
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
22. I don't remember how many years ago _____ I last showed you round the factory.
A. it was that B. was it that C. it was when D. was it when
23. _____ it is going to rain.
A. It looked like B. It looks liked C. It looked as though D. It looks as if
24. Was it in this palace _____ the last emperor died?
A. that B. in which C. where D. which
25. It was in 1969 _____ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.
A. that B. which C. when D. in which
26. Is it in that factory _____ “Red Flag” cars were made?
A. in which B. where C. that D. which
27. It is the factory _____ we worked with these old workers.
A. in which B. there C. in that D. that
28. It was 1968 _____ we visited that factory.
A. during that B. during which C. that D. which
29. ---Now let me check the number“67845544”.
---That's _____.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
30. Everything has now been said, hasn't _____?
A. they B. it C. which D. that
31. _____ very foolish of you to say so.
A. It's B. Its C. That's D. This
32. It is _____ to observe traffic rules.
A. of great importance for us B. important to us
C. great important of us D. if great importance to us
33. _____ is said that he has been to many places in the United States.
A. This B. He C. It D. That
34. _____ is no doubt that he will succeed in his examination.
A. It B. This C. That D. Them
35. What he has done helps us a lot, _____?
A. isn't he B. doesn't he C. isn't it D. doesn't it
36. _____ I was free that evening.
A. It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened that
37. We all thought _____ no use doing that.
A. it B. that C. this D. there
38. Was it by the roadside _____ they talking about the film?
A. where B. that C. what D. by which
39. Why is it _____ everyone thinks he's thief?
A. because B. as C. when D. that
40. Was it near the bridge _____ the car accident took place?
A. where B. that C. there D. /
41. Can it be in the office _____ you left your umbrella?
A. where B. that C. which D. in which
42. Jack is ill. Have you heard about _____?
A. him B. it C. this D. that
43. The problem is not so easy as _____.
A. it is B. it does C. there is D. it seems
44. He is fifty, but doesn't _____.
A. look at it B. look for it C. look it D. look him.
45. _____ is about two Li from here to the zoo.
A. This B. That C. It D. Which
46. The war and the suffering _____ caused impressed him greatly.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
47. There we found little snow, as most of _____ seemed to have been blown off the mountain.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
48. _____ won't take long to get to Shanghai by air.
A. That B. He C. It D. This
49. How happy _____ to be able to study and live together with you!
A. that will be B. is it C. will it be D. it will be
50. I found _____ to hear what he said.
A. that difficulty B. it difficulty C. that difficult D. it difficult
51. It was _____ who telephoned me yesterday.
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
代词it的练习答案:
1-5 D D D C A 6-10 B A B D A 11-15 B B A B B 16-20 D B A D C
21-25 D A D A A 26-30 C A B C B 31-35 A A C A D 36-40 B A B D B
41-45 B B D C C 46-51 A C C D D D
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇3：中学语法 代词` (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
中学语法大全 代词
目录
人称代词的用法 2
人称代词之主、宾格的替换 2
代词的指代问题 3
并列人称代词的排列顺序 3
物主代词 4
双重所有格 4
反身代词 4
相互代词 5
指示代词 6
疑问代词 7
关系代词 8
every, no, all, both,... 9
none, few, some, any,... 10
代词比较辩异one, that和it 11
one/another/the other 11
“the”的妙用 12
anyone/any one;... 12
both, either, neither,... 13
many, much 14
few, little, a few,... 14
人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语）
a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？
b. -- Me. --我。（me作主语补语= It's me.）
说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。
返回顶端〉〉
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。
---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。
---- Me too. --我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
返回顶端〉〉
代词的指代问题
1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来，是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。
3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。
返回顶端〉〉
并列人称代词的排列顺序
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 －>第三人称 －>第一人称
you －>he/she; it ->I
You, he and I should return on time.
2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 －>第二人称 －>第三人称
we －>you －>They
注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，
It was I and John that made her angry.
是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，
d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
返回顶端〉〉
物主代词
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：
John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的 --'s属格结构，例如：
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's.
His cap 意为 The cap is his.
2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能
a. 作主语，例如：
May I use your pen? Yours works better.
我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？ 你的比我的好用。
b. 作宾语，例如：
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
c. 作介词宾语，例如：
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
d. 作主语补语，例如：
The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
返回顶端〉〉
双重所有格
物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。
公式为：
a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
返回顶端〉〉
反身代词
1） 列表
I you you she he
myself yourself yourselves herself himself
we they it one
ourselves themselves itself oneself
2）做宾语
a. 有些动词需有反身代词
absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。
b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词
take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。
注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down. 请坐。
3） 作表语； 同位语
be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
4） 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：
No one but myself (me) is hurt.
注意：
a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。
(错) Myself drove the car.
(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。
b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。
Charles and myself saw it.
5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。
You should be proud of yourself. 你应为自己感到骄傲。
返回顶端〉〉
相互代词
1）相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：
It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。
2） 相互代词的句法功能：
a. 作动词宾语；
People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。
b. 可作介词宾语；
Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。
说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：
He put all the books beside each other.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
He put all the books beside one another.
他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.
这些小团体通常是相互独立的。
c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：
The students borrowed each other's notes.
学生们互借笔记。
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指示代词
1） 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：
单数 复数
限定词：This girl is Mary. Those men are my
teachers.
代词： This is Mary. Those are my
teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能；
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it.
这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that.
我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语
My point is this.
我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语
I don't say no to that.
我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
说明1：
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：
(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
(错)He is going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人）
(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物，可作宾语)
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
(错) He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人）
(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
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疑问代词
1） 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：
指 人： who, whom, whose
指 物： what
既可指人又可指物： which
2） 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较：
疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的？
What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？
限定词： Whose books are these on the desk?
桌上的书是谁的？
What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？
说明1：
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：
Which girls do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
说明2：
Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street?
你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）
Who(m) are you taking the book to?
你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）
To whom did you speak on the campus?
你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
说明3：
疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：
For what do most people live and work?
大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）
What are you looking for?
你在找什么？（现代英语）
说明4：
疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：
I can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?
你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。
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关系代词
1） 关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）
2） 关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见下：
限定性 非限定性 限定性
指 人 指 物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
宾 格 whom that that
属 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如：
This is the pencil whose point is broken.
这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)
He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。
（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
3） 关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：
He said he saw me there, which was a lie.
他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。
说明： 关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略， 例如：
I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.
我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。
He's changed. He's not the man he was.
他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
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every, no, all, both,...
1）不定代词有
all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2） 不定代词的功能与用法
a. 除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。
I have no idea about it.
b. all 都，指三者以上。
all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
All goes well. 一切进展得很好。
all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China， all the city， all my life， all the way
3) both 都，指两者。
a. both 与复数动词连用，但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。
b. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.
4) neither 两者都不
a. neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
b. 作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。
c. 可用于下列句型，避免重复。
She can't sing，neither (can) he.
neither 与nor
d. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。
e. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
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none, few, some, any,...
一、none 无
1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中，none可单独使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few 一些，少数
few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做“某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意：
(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a. 肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。
Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：
Would you like some coffee?
b. 在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：
If you need some help，let me know.
c. some位于主语部分,
Some students haven't been there before.
d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.
这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。
五、one, ones 为复数形式
ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不
用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes，I 've bought some.
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代词比较辩异one, that和it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
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one/another/the other
one… the other 只有两个
some… the others 有三个以上
one… another，another…
some… others，others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一个用another。
2) 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other。
3) 一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third。
4) 一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。
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“the”的妙用
He is one of the students who help me.
He is the one of the students who helps me.
他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
返回顶端〉〉
anyone/any one;...
1．anyone 和 any one
anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
2．no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
b) none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
---- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗?
---- No one.--没有。
3．every 和each
1) every 强调全体的概念， each强调个体概念。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
2) every 指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物 (含两个)。
3) every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。
Every student has to take one.
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作状语，each可作状语。
5) every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等； each没有。
6) every 与not 连用，表示部分否定； each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
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both, either, neither,...
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
1) both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
2) both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street.
(岸的两边)
路边长满了野花。
3) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there.
所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there.
所有的牛奶都在那。
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many, much
Many，much都意为“许多”， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
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few, little, a few,...
(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点
few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
典型例题:
Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
答案： A. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little. 本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。
固定搭配:
only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)
many a (=many)
Many books were sold.
Many a book was sold.
卖出了许多书。
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中学语法大全 倒装
目录
倒装句之全部倒装 17
倒装句之部分倒装 17
以否定词开头作部分倒装 18
so, either, nor作部分倒装 18
only在句首要倒装的情况 19
as, though引导的倒装句 19
其他部分倒装 19
倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
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倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
典型例题
1) Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.
2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
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以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game beganB. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。
注意：只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.
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so, either, nor作部分倒装
表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I don't know, _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---It's raining hard. ---So it is.
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only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
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as, though引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。
注意：
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
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其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy.
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.
典型例题：
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realize
答案为B。
3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I don't know, ___.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
解析：答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示“也不”。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。
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中学语法大全 定语从句
目录
定语从句 22
关系代词引导的定语从句 22
关系副词引导的定语从句 22
判断关系代词与关系副词 23
限制性和非限制性定语从句 24
介词+关系词 24
as,which非限定性定语从句 25
先行词和关系词二合一 25
what/whatever/that... 26
关系代词that的用法 26
定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
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关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
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关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
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判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
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限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
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介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
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as, which非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
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先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
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what/whatever/that...
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
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关系代词that的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
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中学语法大全 动词不定式
目录
不定式作宾语 28
不定式作补语 28
不定式主语 30
It's for sb/It's of sb 30
不定式作表语 31
不定式作定语 31
不定式作状语 31
用作介词的to 32
省to 的动词不定式 32
动词不定式的否定式 33
不定式特殊句型too…to… 33
不定式特殊句型so as to 34
不定式特殊句型Why not 34
不定式的时态和语态 34
动名词与不定式 35
不定式作宾语
1) 动词+ 不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3） 动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
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不定式作补语
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn
例句：
a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.
父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。
b. We believe him to be guilty.
我们相信他是有罪的。
Find 的特殊用法：
Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。
I found him lying on the ground.
I found it important to learn.
I found that to learn English is important.
典型例题:
The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。
2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
典型例题
Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.
A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented
答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。
3) to be +形容词
Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…
The book is believed to be uninteresting.
人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式
believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
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不定式主语
1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了
easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough
It's so nice to hear your voice.
听到你的声音真高兴。
It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.
当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。
2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。
Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
例句:
It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。
It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。
注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型
2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。
3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型
(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
(错)It is to believe to see.
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It's for sb/It's of sb
1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
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不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
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不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do.
So he made some candles to give light.
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不定式作状语
1）目的状语
To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
3) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
典型例题
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.
A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on
答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于“形容词+动词不定式”结构的末尾。
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用作介词的to
to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：
admit to承认， confess to承认，
be accustomed to习惯于， be used to习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意
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省to 的动词不定式
1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：
2） 使役动词 let, have, make：
3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。
注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
I saw him dance.
=He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night.
=They were made to work the whole night.
4） would rather，had better：
5） Why… / why not…：
6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：
He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
举例：
He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
He wants to do nothing but go out.
比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
典型例题
1) ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
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动词不定式的否定式
Tell him not to shut the window…
She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。
典型例题
1）Tell him ___ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut
D. not shut
答案：B。 tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.
2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see
D. having not seen
答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.
A. never to drive B. to never driver
C. never driving D. never drive
答案：A。warn sb to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.
4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it
D. do not to
答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。
5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat
D. not eating
答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。
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不定式特殊句型too…to…
1）too…to 太…以至于…
He is too excited to speak.
他太激动了，说不出话来。
---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?
---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。
2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为“不太”。
It's never too late to mend. (谚语)
改过不嫌晚。
3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。
I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。
He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。
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不定式特殊句型so as to
1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。
Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.
汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。
Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。
2) so kind as to ---劳驾
Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?
劳驾，现在几点了。
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不定式特殊句型Why not
“Why not +动词原形”表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不……?” “干吗不……?”
例如：
Why not take a holiday?
干吗不去度假?
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不定式的时态和语态
时态\\语态 主动被动
一般式to do to be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
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动名词与不定式
1） 动名词与不定式的区别：
动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。
3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：
1 stop to dostop doing
2 forget to do forget doing
3 remember to do remember doing
4 regret to do regret doing
5 cease to do cease doing
6 try to do try doing
7 go on to do go on doing
8 afraid to do afraid doing
9 interested to do interested doing
10 mean to domean doing
11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing
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中学语法大全 动词
目录
动词 37
系动词 38
什么是助动词 39
助动词be的用法 39
助动词have的用法 40
助动词do 的用法 40
助动词shall和will的用法 41
助动词should,would的用法 41
短语动词 42
非谓语动词 42
动词
1） 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2） 根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（Link Verb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。
说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：
We are having a meeting. 我们正在开会。 （having是实义动词。）
He has gone to New York. 他已去纽约。
（has是助动词。）
3） 动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransitive Verb），缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。
说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。）
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。）
4） 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings。）
She wants to learn English well.
她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。
说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。
5) 根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（Phrasal Verb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。）
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。）
The young ought to take care of the old.
年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。）
6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（Original Form）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From in Third Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participle）。
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系动词
系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明：
有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。
1）状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）
2）持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3）表像系动词
用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4）感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5）变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6）终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, trun out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）
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什么是助动词
1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
2） 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3） 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
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助动词be的用法
1） be +现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。
2) be + 过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。
3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：
a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。
We are to teach the freshpersons. 我们要教新生。
说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。
b. 表示命令，例如：
You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。
c. 征求意见，例如：
How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？
Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？
d. 表示相约、商定，例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。
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助动词have的用法
1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。
2）have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
3）have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态，例如：
English has been taught in China for many years.
中国教英语已经多年。
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助动词do 的用法
1） 构成一般疑问句，例如：
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗？
Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗？
2） do + not 构成否定句，例如：
I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。
He doesn't like to study. 他不想学习。
In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. 过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。
3) 构成否定祈使句，例如：
Don't go there. 不要去那里。
Don't be so absent-minded. 不要这么心不在焉。
说明： 构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。
4） 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：
Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。
I did go there. 我确实去那儿了。
I do miss you. 我确实想你。
5） 用于倒装句，例如：
Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。
说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。
6） 用作代动词，例如：
---- Do you like Beijing? --你喜欢北京吗？
---- Yes, I do. --是的，喜欢。（do用作代动词，代替like Beijing.）
He knows how to drive a car, doesn't he?
他知道如何开车，对吧？
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助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：
I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。
He will go to Shanghai. 他要去上海。
说明：
在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:
He shall come. 他必须来。（shall有命令的意味。）
He will come. 他要来。（will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）
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助动词should, would的用法
1）should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。
比较：
“What shall I do next week?” I asked.
“我下周干什么？”我问道。（可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。）
2） would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：
He said he would come. 他说他要来。
比较：
“I will go,” he said. 他说：“我要去那儿。”
变成间接引语，就成了：
He said he would come.
原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。
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短语动词
动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：
Turn off the radio. 把收音机关上。（turn off是短语动词）
短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：
1） 动词+副词，如：black out；
2） 动词+介词，如：look into；
3） 动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。
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非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1）不定式
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2）动名词
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3）分词
时态\\语态 主动 被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式： not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词
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中学语法大全 动词的时态
目录
一般现在时的用法 45
一般过去时的用法 45
used to/be used to 46
一般将来时 47
be going to/will 47
be to和be going to 47
一般现在时表将来 48
用现在进行时表示将来 48
现在完成时 48
比较过去时与现在完成时 48
用于现?
篇4：高考英语陷阱题总结--代词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
高考英语陷阱题总结归纳--代词
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. _____ with any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。有的同学误选B主要是因为受以下这类句子的影响：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of work. 谁要是得到这份工作就有很多事要做。
以上三句中 whoever 引导的均为主语从句，其中的 whoever均可换成 anyone who，但是不能换成 anyone。以上试题从表面上看，与以上各例很相似，其实它们有本质的不同，即 _____ with any common sense 中没有谓语动词，所以我们不能选 whoever。此题的正确答案为C，anyone 为句子主语，with any common sense 为修饰 anyone 的定语。现将此题稍作改动如下，答案选B：
_______ has any common sense can tell the difference between the two.
A. Who B. Whoever
C. Anyone D. Who ever
2. The dictionary is really useful. Every boy and girl _____ it and they each _____ to buy one.
A. like, want B. likes, wants
C. likes, want D. like, wants
【陷阱】容易误选D。认为前面一空填复数动词，因为其主语是 boy and girl，为复数；第二空填单数动词，因为其前有 each，表示“每一个”。
【分析】事实上，此题应选C。因为按英语习惯，every 后接两个并列的单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，即第一空填 likes；而第二空要填复数动词 want，是因为其前的主语是 they 而不是 each（each 为主语的同位语）。
3. Everyone knows that Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other
C. other D. another
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择的依据是以下大家熟悉的句型(其中的 other 不可省略)：
He is taller than any other student in our class. 他是我们班最高的。
English is more widely used in international intercourse than any other language today. 现今英语在国际交往中比其他任何语言用得都广。
【分析】但是上面一题与这类句子有所不同。这类句型到底该不该加 other，主要应看所谈论的对象是否在比较的范围之内：若在范围之内，则用 other (以排除自己与自己比较)；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。比较下面一题：
China is larger than _____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
此题应选B，因为 China 在 Asia 的范围之内。假若选A，则表示“中国比亚洲的任何国家都大”，而中国本身也是亚洲国家，由此则得出“中国比中国大”的荒谬结论。而选B，则表示“中国比亚洲任何其他国家要大”，这才合乎事实。
4. “What do you think of them?” “I don’t know _____ is better, so I’ve taken _____ of them.”
A. what, both B. what, none
C. which, both C. which, none
【陷阱】几个干扰均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which。
5. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer?” “____ will do, but milk is _____ popular with me.”
A. Neither, not B. Both, more
C. Either, the most D. All, the most
【陷阱】很容易误选B，因为前文提到 coffee 和 beer 为两者，所以有的同学就认为应选 both 和 more 与之对应(more 为比较级，指两者比较)。
【分析】做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C。
6. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _____ it was?
A. where B. what
C. how D. which
此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other (某一本书)这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗?”请看类似试题：
(1) “Who told you?” “Oh, somebody or other, I’ve forgotten _____.”
A. what B. when
C. which D. who
此题最佳答案为D。句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”
(2) Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can’t remember _____.
A. what B. when
C. which D. whom
此题最佳答案为C。句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。
7. These trousers are dirty and wet - I’ll change into my _____.
A. another B. trousers
C. others D. other
【陷阱】容易误选A、B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。
8. Her lecture was hard to follow because she kept jumping from one subject to _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
【陷阱】容易误选B。选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构。
【分析】最佳答案为D。使用one … the other … 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个……，另一个……”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another。又如(答案均选D，即选 another)：
(1) Those cakes look delicious. Could I have _____ one?
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(2) I have many such novels. I’ll bring _____ tomorrow.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
(3) Saying is one thing and doing is _____.
A. other B. the other
C. the others D. another
比较以下各例：
(1) Shut ____ eye, Jim.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案选D，因为人的眼睛只有两只，故用 one … the other … 结构。
(2) It’s sometimes hard to tell one twin from _____.
A. another B. some other
C. other D. the other
答案选D，twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”，即指两者之一，故用 one … the other … 这一结构。
9. There are four bedrooms, ______ with its own bathroom.
A. all B. each
C. every D. either
此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。
10. “It’s said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.”
A. anything B. anyone
C. anybody D. anywhere
【陷阱】容易误选B、C。因为句子主语指人，似乎只有B、C才与之一致。
【分析】其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
I’ll do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。
The party was anything but a success. 晚会根本不成功。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
11. Tell _______ you like - it makes no difference to me.
A. anyone B. who
C. whoever D. what
【陷阱】容易从中文字面来理解而误选A或B。
【分析】最佳答案选 C。但若将A, B两项合起来，即用 anyone who这样的形式则也可以。选 C，whoever 引导一个宾语从句，用作动词 tell的宾语。同样地，请看以下类似试题：
(1) _____ comes is welcome.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Anyone who D. Everyone
此题很容易误选A，因为从汉语意思来分析，可理解为“任何人来都欢迎”，但若选A，此句的结构是混乱的，句中有两个谓语动词 comes 和 is，但却只是一个句子。此题应选C，anyone 是句子主语，who comes 是修饰 anyone 的定语从句。
(2) _____ comes to see me, tell him I’m out.
A. Anyone B. Who
C. Whoever D. Everyone
此题很容易按汉语意思误选A，其实应选C。whoever 引导的是让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who。
(3) Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____ shares her interests.
A. anyone B. whomever
C. whoever D. no matter who
此题不能选A，假若选A，应在其后加上 who，即用 anyone who；也不能选B，一是因为空格处应填一个作主语的词(因为其后有谓语动词 shares)，二是因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个词已基本废除 (也就是说，在现代英语中 whoever 既用作主语，也用作宾语，如：Give it to whoever you see in the meeting-room. 你在会议室里看见谁就把它给谁)；也不能选D，因为 no matter who只用于引导让步状语从句，不用于引导名词性从句。此题正确答案为C，whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
比较下例，答案应选A，而不是B、C或D(注意句意)：
It was a matter of _____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever
C. whom D. whomever
12. The teacher told us that the problem was not _____ easy and that we should think _____ over carefully.
A. such, it B. that, it
C. such, 不填 D. that，不填
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选C。
【分析】最佳答案选 B。第一空填that，that 用作副词，相当于 so，又如：
Is it always that hot? 总那么热吗?（其中的 that hot 可以换成 so hot，但不能换成 such hot）
I can only tell you that much. 我只能告诉你这么多。（其中的 that much 可以换成 so much，但不能换成 such much）
注意第一空不能填such，因为such 不用作副词，即它不用于修饰形容词。
另外，汉语中说“好好想一想”，通常可以不带宾语，但英语中的think over 是及物动词，如果用它来表示“好好想一想”，应根据上下文的语境让它带上适当的宾语，所以本题应用 think it over，相当于 think the problem over。
13. The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change ______.
A. another B. a good one
C. it with another D. it for another
【陷阱】容易根据汉语字面意思误选A、B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。英语中的 change sth 表示的是“换某物”，sth 是被换的东西，而 change sth for sth else 表示的才是“用某物换另一物”。比较：
That coat was too large and I had to change it. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件。
That coat was too large and I had to change it for a smaller one. 那件外套太大了，我得去换一件小一点的。
14. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B. anything
C. something D. nothing
【陷阱】此题容易误选 B，生搬硬套不定代词用法规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】其实此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said(我同意你说的大部分内容)，其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺、连贯。请看一个类似的例子：
______ likes money, but money is not ______.
A. Everyone, everything B. Anyone, anything
C. Someone, nothing D. Nobody, everything
最佳答案选A，句意为“大家都喜欢钱，但钱不是万能的”。
15. “Is there ______ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
【陷阱】此题容易误选 A。认为这是一般疑问句，要用 anybody。
【分析】其实此题应选B，主要与上下文的语境有关。全文语境为：“大家都到齐了吗？”“没有，Bob 和Tim 两人请假了。”假若我们将此题作如下变换，则情形就会有所不同：
“Is there ______ here?” “Yes, I’m upstairs. Please come and help me.”
A. anybody B. everybody
C. somebody D. nobody
此题的最佳答案应是A，而不是B。
请再看一例：
“Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something B. anything
C. everything D. nothing
答案选C，句意为“玛丽，现在家里东西都准备齐了吗？”“还没有，我们还要买些水果和茶。”
16. “If you want a necklace, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，机械地套用以下规则：something 用于肯定句，anything 用于否定句或疑问句。
【分析】当然以上规则在通常情况下是有效的，但此句不属通常用法。此题的最佳答案应是B，something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”，而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”，即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。同样地，下面几题的最佳答案也是 something，而不是 anything：
(1) It’s not _____ that we want to talk about; let’s change the subject.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(2) It’s not _____ I enjoy; I do it purely out of a sense of duty.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(3) Self-control is not _____ that comes with your birth.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
(4) This is not _____ that would disturb me anyway.
A. anything B. something
C. nothing D. everything
17. Some say one thing, but _____.
A. other, another B. others, another
C. others, the other D. the others, others
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选B。but others another 为 but others say another 之省略。在并列句中，若后面分句与前面分句有相同的词，常把后一分句中的相同部分给省略掉，以避免重复。如：
One soldier was killed and another wounded. 有一名士兵被打死，另一名被打伤。(wounded 前省略了 was)
I work in a factory and my brother on a farm. 我在工厂工作，我弟弟在农场工作。(on a farm 前省略了 works)
My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。（on the third 前省略了 is）
18. He is a hard-working student, _____ who will be successful in whatever career he chooses.
A. that B. he
C. one D. which
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题答案选C，one 相当于 a student。类似地，以下各题也选one，它们分别相当于 a table, a break, a question, a Mexican carpet, a moment：
(1) A table made of steel costs more than _______ made of wood.
A. one B. it
C. those D. which
(2)“Why don’t we take a little break?” “Didn’t we just have _____?”
A. it B. that
C. one D. this
(3) The question is _____ of great importance.
A. that B. it
C. one D. what
(4) She wants a Mexican carpet, but she can’t afford to buy ______.
A. one B. it
C. them D. the one
(5) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one
C. it D. what
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.
A. he B. it
C. which D. as
2. Both teams were in hard training; _____ was willing to lose the game.
A. either B. neither
C. another D. the other
3. There he pointed to _____ looked like a stone and said that’s ______ you had to carry home.
A. that, that B. what, what
C. which, what D. as, which
4. I know nothing about the accident except _____ I read in the paper.
A. that B. for
C. what D. 不填
5. Energy is ____ makes one work.
A. what B. something
C. anything D. that
6. Don’t go to _____ places where there is no fresh air.
A. such B. so
C. those D. which
7. The classroom is almost empty, where is _____?
A. someone B. anyone
C. everyone D. no one
8. I’m afraid we can’t have coffee; there’s _____ left.
A. nothing B. none
C. no one D. no any
9. _____ worries me is _____ we’re going to pay for all this.
A. It, that B. That, how
C. What, how D. As, that
10. He just does ______ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else.
A. that B. what
C. which D. how
11. _____ of you comes first will get the ticket.
A. Which B. Whichever
C. Who D. Whatever
12. His income is double _____ it was five years ago.
A. that B. which
C. as D. what
13. If you want a friend, you’ll find _____ in me.
A. one B. it
C. that D. him
14. Oh, how beautiful it is! I like _____ better.
A. everything B. anything
C. nothing D. something
15. Do you know _______ friends are coming to our party?
A. whose else’s B. who’s else
C. whose else D. who else’s
16. _______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person
C. Whoever D. No matter who
17. Jane hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. whomever B. anyone
C. whoever D. no matter who
18. Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr and Mrs Smith without hurting the feeling of _______, but failed.
A. none B. either
C. all D. neither
19. -Here are the best styles of the clothes. Which one do you like?
- _______. They are not so nice as I expected.
A. Neither B. All
C. Nothing D. None
20. Mr Ascot, headmaster of the school, refused to accept ______of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.
A. either B. neither
C. any D. none
21. “There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.” “Thanks.”
A. either B. each
C. one D. it
22. “When shall we meet again?” “Make it _______day you like; it’s all the same to me.”
A. one B. any
C. another D. some
23. “Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.” “Why ______? John is sitting there doing nothing.”
A. him B. he
C. I D. me
◆答案与解析◆
1. 选B，it 指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词 but，所以不能选C。当然，若去掉空格前的but，则可选C。
3. 选B，因是 both teams，即谈论的是两者，因此可锁定A和B；从语境上看，应选B，即双方都不愿输。
3. 选B。即两空均填 what，第一个what 相当于 something that；第二个what 相当于the thing that。
4. 选C，what 在句中用作动词 read 的宾语。
5. 选A，what 相当于 something that。
6. 选C，但容易误选A。按英语习惯，受 such 修饰的名词后跟定语从句时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只能是 as，而不能是 that, which, who, where等。如：Such women as knew him thought he was charming. 认识他的女人都认为他很有魅力。此句中的 as 就不能换成that 或 who，若要使用 that 或who，则需将 such 换掉，如说成Those women who knew Tom thought he was charming.
7. 选C，句意为“教室几乎是空的，大家都到哪里去了？”
8. 选B，nothing 指“什么也没有”；none 指数量上的“一点(个)也没有”。注：回答 how much 和 how many 时要用 none，而不用 nothing，道理同此。
9. 选C，what worries me 为主语从句，且 what 在主语从句中用作主语。
10. 选B。从句意推知。
11. 选B 最佳，因 who后通常不接表示范围的 of 短语，故不宜选C；若选A，则句型不对；若选D，则语义不通。
12. 选D，what 相当于 the amount that。
13. 选 A，one 在此相当于a friend。
14. 选C，I like nothing better 相当于 It’s the best thing I like。
15. 选D。else 可放在 who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词之后，但习惯上不放在which之后，而且在一般情况下也不用在whose后，遇此情况可用 who else’s，如：
Who else’s fault could it be? 这会是其他什么人的错吗?
但是，若其后不修饰名词，有时也可用whose else。如：
Whose else could it be? 这会是其他什么人的吗?
16. 选C。其余三者均不能引导主语从句。whoever 在此相当于 anyone who。
17. 选C。whoever shares her interests用作介词of的宾语，同时whoever又用作谓语动词shares的语。
18. 选B。由于句中谈到的是 Mr and Mrs Smith，即谈的是两者，故排除选项A和C，因为 none 和all 均用于指三者。又因为空格前有否定介词without，故空格处填either, 不用 neither。
19. 选D。none 可视为 I like none of them 之省略。从下文的语境看，空格处只能填空一个表否定意义的词。据此首先排除B；虽然A、C、D均表否定意义，但neither 与前面的best（既然使用最高级，说明有三者或多者在作比较）不吻合；而 nothing 表示“什么也没有”，不合语境。
20. 选 C。none 和 neither 表否定，与句中的 refused to acept这一语境不符。在 either 与 any 两个选项中，either 指两者，与句中的 three suggestions 不符。故只能选 any，指三者中的任意一个。
21. 选 A。比较四个选项：either 指两者中的“任意一个”，each 指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，one 用来替代“a / an +单数可数名词”，it 替代“the +单数名词”。
22. 选 B。根据下文的 it’s all the same to me(对我都一样)可知，选 any 最合语境。
23. 选 D。Why me? 可视为 Why do you ask me to go and join? 之省略。另外，me 还通常在简略回答中用作主语。如：Me too.(我也一样。)
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇5：语法专项系列之二代词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
语法专项系列之二
代词
1. 并列代词的顺序:
单数为: 二, 三，一, You , he and I should return on time.
复数为: 一， 二, 三, We , you , and they are all right.
2. 反身代词的几种用法:
feel / be ~ 身体好, 行动正常, He is not quite himself today.
by ~ = alone
for~ 亲自
enjoy ~/ = have a good time
seat~ = sit
devote ~ to ---
help ~ to
come to ~ 苏醒过来
make ~ at home 不拘束, 不客气
3. each other/ one another
前者指两者互相, 后者指三者或以上互相, 所有格, 直接在它们后加’s
4. other/ the other/ another
other 常与复数名词和不可数名词连用, 但当可数名前有the / this/ that 等修饰时可用.
the other 是两者中的另一个, 常与one 连用 形成: one --- the other 或the other + 复数名词=the others
another 是三者或以上的任何一个, 也表示 再, 另, 和数词搭配 如: another three
5. it/ one/ that 做替代词的区别
it同类同物
one同类不同物
that后常有of短语修饰时, 或有过去分词, 从句等修饰.
6. none/ no one/ nothing
none 指代人或物, 单复数都可以, 可和of短语连用, 用来回答how many/ much疑问
no one 指 人, 只用可数, 不跟of短语, 回答who 疑问句
nothing 指物, 回答what
eg.
No one / nobody is absent today.
----Did you have any trouble with the customs? ----- None
7. few, little, a few, a little
8. either, neither 表两者, 可跟 of短语 谓语动词用单数形式
9. 部分否定与全部否定
但否定词与all , both, every及every类(everybody/ everyone/ everything)的词连用时, 不论否定词的位置前后都表部分否定
如: Not all the ss are working hard.
All the students are not working hard.
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you .
用none, no one, nobody, nothing表全部否定
10. every / each
every 强调集体, 指三者或以上, 与not 连用表部分否定
each 强调个体, 可接of 短语, 指两者或以上, 与not连用表全部否定
11. any, 在肯定句中指两者或以上的人或事中的任何一个
any 类 用于否定/疑问/条件句中不表任何意义
anyone= anybody 仅指人
any one 指人或物
12. some
修饰 可数名词或不可数
表 “某一”时= a certain some 后不跟复数名词, 而certain 可跟复数名词
13. 疑问代词的注意点:
who 在句中可做主语或宾语, 但是不能跟介词后
whom 在句中只作宾语,
what 无范围
which 知在一定的范围的哪一个
如: The ties are all in good quality and style, so I don’t know which one to choose from.
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇6：精选代词综合复习题90 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
精选代词综合复习题90
1、- Which of these two skirts will you take?
-I’ll take , to give one of them to my sister.
A. either B both C. all D. neither
2、- Do you speak Chinese, or Japanese?
- I don’t speak of them. （，太原）
A. none B. all C. neither D. either
3、- How about the price of these washing machines?
- They are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, at other stores. （2003，南京）
A. others B. ones C. that D. those
4、- Your coffee smells great！
- It’s from Mexico. Would you like ?
A. it B. some C. this D. little
5、Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, I will always
treasure. （NMET , 35）
A. that B. one C. it D. what
6、Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember .
（NMET, , 9）
A. where B. there C. which D. that
7、It was he said disappointed me. （上海，5）
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
8、He and his brother are as tall as .
A. each of them B. themselves C. each other D. each other’s
9、- Did get through the driving test?
-No, . A few failed.
A. everybody; not all B. anybody; no one
C. everybody; none D. anybody; not all
10、Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in Price to, if not more expensive than,
at the other stores. （2003，黄冈中学）
A. anyone B. the others C. that D. the ones
11、- Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.
- I know nearby. Come on, I’ll show you. （2003，长春）
A. one B. it C. some D. that
12、The Parkers bought a new house but will need a lot of work before they can move in. （NMET , 25）
A. they B. it C. one D. which
13、Some people would rather ride bikes as bike ridding has of the trouble of taking buses.（上海，11）
A. nothing B. none C. some D. neither
14、- Which of the two books do you want?
- I want . Please show me .
A. none; another B. all; the other C. neither; the other D. neither; another
15、Who can you turn to in time of danger, it not .
A. any B. us C. we D. ours
16、- There must be a dozen pens in this house but I can never find one when I need one.
- Keep looking. is sure to turn up. （2003，海淀）
A. One B. It C. That D. This
17、The best job is which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. （2003，东北三校）
A. something B. the one C. one D. it
18、If you can dream , you can do .(2003，福州)
A. one; it B. it; one C. one; one D. it; it
19、Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ? （2001上海春季，24）
A. another B. the other C. others D. the rest
20、We are trying to do the work better with money and people.
A. less; a little B. less; fewer C. fewer; less D. a few; a little
21、Animals do not “talk” with words. They use smells, sounds and movements to communicate
with animal. （2003，东城）
A. any other B. another C. each other D. the other
22、- There’s coffee and tea; you can have .
-Thanks.
A. either B. each C. one D. it
23、Don’t’ that all these who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. （1998上海，23）
A. take as granted B. take this for granted
C. take that of granted D. take it for granted
24、- Is there anyone who is going to the Great Wall?
- .
A. None B. No one C. No D. Not any
25、If a student can make what has been learned , whether in class or from social practice,
he will make steady progress. （2003， 南京）
A. his own B. him C. himself D. his
26、The mother didn’t know to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.（NMET 2002, 24）
A. who B. when C. how D. what
27、They were all very tired, but of them would stop to take a rest. （NMET 1995, 16）
A. any B. some C. none D. neither
28、Forty percent of the students in our class are boys, are girls.
A. the others B. others C. another D. the other
29、A sheep on this kind of special grass which usually grows much faster than
on ordinary. （2003，南京）
A. fed; one B. feeds; the one C. fed; that D. feeding; it
30、I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have . （NMET 1995, 21）
A. it B. those C. them D. one
31、The population of China is larger than of Japan.
A. those B. the one C. that D. it
32、- Have you finished all of the exercises?
- Yes, completely. is left. （2003，黄冈）
A. Nothing B. No one C. Neither D. None
33、Life in the city is quite different from in the country. （2003，徐州）
A. that B. one C. the one D. which
34、If this dictionary is not yours, can it be? （NMET 2001北京春季，13）
A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s
35、- Wasn’t it Dr. Wang who spoke to you just now?
- . （1996上海，28）
A. I didn’t know he was B. Yes, it was
C. No, he wasn’t D. Yes, he did
36、is it has made Peter he is today?
A. What; that; that B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that D. What; that; what
37、- The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
- . （NMET 2003北京春季，22）
A. I guess not so B. I don’t guess C. I don’t guess so D. I guess not
38、It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off. （2003上海春季）
A. so B. so that C. why D. that
39、Joan had often heard said that Marley had no money.
A. one B. once C. it D. her
40、- Is your school life of other teens?
- In many ways, yes. （2003，重庆）
A. this B. the same C. one D. that
41、Equipped with modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from . （2003上海春季）
A. those of the past B. the past C. which of the past D. these past
42、The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught
at all.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
43、Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most difficult
situations. （2003，长春）
A. his B. your C. their D. one’s
44、There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is - not ever. （2002上海，35）
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
45、Try hard to make what the teachers teach , and you’ll make rapid progress in your studies.
A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves
46、We can’t believe that he drew such a big conclusion according to he took for granted（想当然）. （2003，南京）
A. as B. that C. what D. it
47、Our city has changed a lot; who can tell what it will be like in ten years? （2003，黄冈
中学）
A. other B. next C. more D. another
48、It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what are.
（NMET , 24）
A. One B. that C. what D. it
49、Iraq promised in time to destroy guided missiles（导弹）the following day.
（2003，金华九校）
A. such five other B. another five such
C. other such five D. five another such
50、Both teams were in hard training, was willing to lose the game. （2001上海，22）
A. either B. neither C. another D. the other
51、- Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
- Why ? John is sitting there doing nothing.
A. him B. he C. I D. me
52、In face is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
（2001上海，33）
A. this B. that C. there D. it
53、He is one of the students, who, I’m sure, always do best.
A. his B. my C. one’s D. their
54、I would appreciate very much if you could change the plan a bit to make it more
workable. （2003，金华九校）
A. it B. that C. this D. you
55、- Do you want tea or coffee?
- . I really don’t mind. （NMET 2000北京春季，6）
A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither
56、Who was that called him “comrade?”
A. one B. that C. it D. her
57、When you are reading fast, your eyes will be one or two word groups ahead your mind is
taking on. （2003，东北三校）
A. one B. the others C. the one D. others
58、child is pleased, for of them has got his own share. （2003，山西）
A. Each; each B. Every; every C. Every; each D. Each; everyone
59、- He was nearly drowned once.
- When was ?
- was in 1998 when he was in middle school. （NMET 2002 北京春季，30）
A. that; It B. this; This C. this; It D. that; This
60、- Do you have a camera?
- No. But my farther has . He just bought a week ago.
A. one; one B. it; it C. one; it D. it; one
61、The book you refer to isn’t . It belongs to .
A. mine; her B. mine; hers C. me; you D. his; mine
62、- Hello. Is that Mr. White or Mr. Jack speaking?
- Sorry, . （2003，兰州）
A. both of them are not in B. none of them are in
C. neither of them is out D. would you please ring them up this afternoon?
63、I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with . （NMET , 14）
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
64、- Can you come for dinner on Saturday or Sunday?
- I’m afraid day is possible. （2003, 南通）
A. either B. neither C. some D. any
65、Shanghai is larger than in China.
A. all cities B. any city C. any other city D. any other cities
66、- Where is my blue shirt?
- It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear different one. （NMET 2003，春）
A. any B. the C. a D. other
67、It was such a tiny village that knew else well.
A. anybody; somebody B. everybody; everybody
C. anybody; anybody D. nobody; nobody
68、- Who knocked at the door?
- I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who was.
（2003，昆明）
A. he B. that C. she D. it
69、was in 1979 I graduated from university. （1998上海，4）
A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when
70、- Why don’t we take a little break?
- Didn’t we just have ? （NMET 2000, 23）
A. it B. that C. one D. this
71、doesn’t seem to have been any difficulty solving the problem.
A. It B. He C. There D. That
72、- of them is your English teacher?
-The man wearing a blue coat.
A. Which B. Who C. What D. Whom
73、- Who is making so much nose in the garden?
- the children. （2003，海淀）
A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There
74、Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for two weeks.
A. another B. other C. the other D. other’s
75、One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and . （NMET 2000北京春季，21）
A. the other is white B. another white
C. the other white D. another is white
76、Friendship will not come to you naturally when you show to others. （2003，辽宁）
A. none B. nothing C. no one D. little
77、Few pleasures can equal of a cool drink on a hot day. （NMET 1999广东，29）
A. some B. any C. that D. those
78、- What kind of food would you like to eat?
- but Japanese.
- How about Korean, then? （2003，西城）
A. Anything B. Something C. Everything D. Nothing
79、Please write your composition line to leave space for the teacher’s correction.
A. one another B. each other C. any other D. every other
80、With she needed . she left the market-place. （2003，徐州）
A. something; to buy B. anything; having bought
C. everything; buying D. everything; bought
81、I hate when people talk with their mouths full. （NMET 1998, 8）
A. it B. that C. these D. them
82、It is these poisonous products can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
83、Three people spoke at the meeting. was a doctor; was a student; was a teacher.
A. He; she; I B. The first; the other; the rest
C. One; another; the third D. This; that; the last
84、- Have you informed Tom and Ann that some foreign experts will visit our company at 8:00
tomorrow morning?
- Yes, I have. But of them asked me to tell you that they would not be able to come.
A. any B. either C. both D. two
85、is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
（NMET 1995,36）
A. There B. This C. That D. It
86、- Don’t you think Jack’s health has been ruined by over drinking?
- Yes, he told me himself. （2003，东北三校）
A. the thing B. it C. so D. the fact
87、friends Betty had made there were all invited to her birthday party. （1997上海，21）
A. Few of B. Few C. The few D. A few
88、- You’re always working. Come on, let’s go shopping.
- you ever want to do is going shopping. （2002北京春季， 32）
A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
89、Of all my friends will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it.
A. some B. anyone C. none D. neither
90、It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. （2001上海春季，32）
A. which B. why C. that D. how
答案解析：
1、B 从答语“我要将其中一条给妹妹”可知答话人两条裙子都要买。
2、D 根据语境“你说汉语还是日语？”“我哪种语言都不讲”所以not…either表示两者都不，故选D。
3、D 用those来代替复数名词。
4、B 文中指的是“一些咖啡”，A it表示全部咖啡，不合理，C this指“这个”不修饰不可数名词，在句中不能单独使用，故排除A，C。
5、B one指人moment作同位语，解释一个永远珍惜的时刻。I will always treasure是定语从句，作one的定语，省略了关系代词which或that。
6、C 布莱克教授来自牛津大学或剑桥大学，我不记得是哪一座大学。“哪一座”要用which表达。
7、A 这是强调句，对what引导的主语从句进行强调，what在主语从句中作said的宾语。
8、C each other 表示“互相”。
9、A 此题用everybody强调“每个人都通过了驾驶测试吗？”答语No, not all为部分否定，与下文A few failed相吻合。
10、D “if not more expensive than”当成是插入语，“these refrigerators are equal in price to
at the other stores”，空格代替the refrigerators所以不能用anyone，that；而B由于数目不定，不能加the。
11、A one用来代替刚提到的人或一种可数的物，it也指刚刚提到过的事物，但指同一个，C、D显然不符合题意。
12、B it在句子中的指代The Parkers所买的房子。在英语中，如果所指的是同种事物要用代词it和they（them）；如果指代的是同一类事物要用代词one和ones。
13、B nothing是不定代词，不能放在介词of的前面：neither（两者）都不；some与句子的意思不符，都不能作为答案。None of the trouble of taking buses没有乘公共汽车的麻烦。
14、D 答语意为：“两本我都不要，请给我另外一本。”其他三个选项不定代词表达的数上或意思上与问候语相矛盾。
15、B turn to sb. 表示“向……请求帮助”。从句是个省略句。If not us即if you don’t turn to us.
16、A 此处One特指上文提到的“the one I need”。
17、C 该句中缺少一个先行词，A，B项也可做先行词，但引导词应用that，因此正确选项为C。
18、D If you can dream it, you can do it意思是如果你能想到你就能做到，it和one作代词时，one指代前已提到过的可数名词的单数形式，复数用ones，而it即可指代可数名词也可指代不可数名词。
19、D wheat是不可数名词，不能用others代替。the rest既可以代可数名词，也可以代不可数名词。
20、B less是little的比较级，fewer是few的比较级，都表示“较少”，前者通常修饰不可数名词，后者修饰可数名词。
21、C 根据意思排除A、D，而B another用于one…another所以选C，“他们之间交流”。
22、A either用于肯定句时表示“（两者中的）任一个”。因为只有coffee和tea可供选择，所以要选either。
23、D take it for granted是固定搭配，想当然。it在句子中作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语。
24、B None通常回答“How many…？”的用语，此处No one“没有人”，回答一般疑问句用“Is there anyone…？”合适。
25、D 这道题主要考查对句意的理解，“如果一个学生能够把所学的知识变成他自己的东西，不管是在课堂上还是在社会实践上，他就能取得稳步的发展”，his是名词性物主代词，相当于his own knowledge。
26、A know后接“疑问词＋to do sth”作宾语。blame是及物动词，who表示人，作宾语。妈妈不知道对她碰巧外出时玻璃被打破这件事该责备谁。
27、C 根据but一词可知没有人愿意停下来休息。要填none。前句中用力代词all，说明不止两个人，所以neither不能作为答案。
28、A the others特指一定范围内的其他全部，意为“其余的”。
29、A 用过去分词修饰A sheep表示被动，one代替前面的单数名词a sheep。
30、D glass当“玻璃杯”讲时，是可数名词，要用one代替。
31、C population作“人口”的总称是不可数名词，不可数名词在比较状语从句中第二次提到时用that代替，不能用one(s)，those替代。
32、D 一道题也没有留下。No one指人，Neither两者都不。
33、A 在这道题中，that用来代替抽象名词，one与the one都是指代可数名词的。
34、D who else其他什么人。条件状语从句中所说是谁的词典，主句的主语要用所有格who else’s，表示其他什么人的。
35、B 疑问句是一个强调句，it在句子中作主语，所以回答这样的问题也要用Yes，it was或No，it wasn’t。
36、D 首项填入what，即强调句型中被强调的部分，第二项填入that构成强调句型；Is it…that…？第三项填入what引起一个名词性从句作Peter的补足语。
37、D I guess not. 我认为他们没做好工作。为了避免重复，用not替代are not doing a good job at all。
38、D 这是一个强调句，对because of bad weather进行强调。强调句的结构是“It is（was）＋被强调部分＋that（who）”。
39、C 此处用it作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。过去分词said作宾语补语。
40、D that指school life意为“你的学校生活像其他十几岁的人吗？”而其他选项并不能指代，one of表示其中之一。
41、A those指代上文提到的libraries，those of the past指过去的图书馆。
42、B none用来特指前面提到的butterflies；none＝not any butterflies。
43、C 根据句意排除B，考查“do one’s best”的用法，Jack只是这么众多人中敢于面对困难的人之一，分析清楚句子前后关系可以判断C为正确答案。
44、A 同位语从句that we’ll never know what a UFO is -not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。
45、B To make what the teachers teach yours意为：“使老师教的内容变成你自己的知识”，what the teacher teach使make的宾语，yours作make的宾语补足语。
46、C what引导名词性从句作介词to的宾语。
47、D another再，又一；其它均不对。
48、B 这是强调句，对主语the ability to do the job进行强调。
49、B 考查定语与中心语的修饰关系，我们一般用another＋基数词表示“另外几个”“又有几个”，如：Please have another one apple. “再吃一个苹果吧”，故我们用another five，表示中心词的性质的词语较数词来说要离中心词近，如：another ten big apples“还有10个大苹果”。
50、B 所提供的语境是两队都在刻苦训练，双方都不愿意在比赛中失败，要选neither。
51、D 在自由对话中，常用人称代词的宾格代替主格。
52、D it在句子中作形式主语。真正的主语是to keep order in an important football match。
53、D who always do their best是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰students，I’m sure是插入语。
54、A 我们在英语中用it做形式主语或形式宾语，不用其他词，该句正是缺少一个形式宾语。
55、C 问话中使用了连词or，表示让对方选择茶或咖啡。根据答句I really don’t mind，可确定要填Either，（两者中的）任意一种。
56、C 此句为强调句型的问句。疑问词who用来提问被强调的主语。空白处填入it。
57、C 此处the one指代the group为先行词，因后面有定语从句修饰，必须用the。
58、C 此处考查Every和each的区别，each指一定数目中的“每一个”，“个别”意义较重；every指数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”，“整体”意义较重，表示“大家一致”；根据这个分析应选C，小孩们都高兴，因为他们中的每一个都获得了自己的一份。
59、A that用于指代前面提到的事。When was that？那件事是什么时候发生的？回答When was that？时，要用it指代上文提到的事。It was in 1998 when he was in middle school. 那是在他在中学时。
60、C 第一空白处填one表示泛指，第二处填it，指爸爸有的那台相机。
61、A 前项用名词性物主代词mine作表语；后项用宾格代词her作介词to的宾语。
62、D 根据语法，A中为不完全否定，不合题意，B中none用于否定三个或三个以上单位名词的群体，C的意思不对。
63、A I don’t agree with everything. 是一个部分否定的句子，和前面的I agree with most of what you said。（我同意你说的大部分意见。）意思相近。
64、B 表示哪一天都不可能。
65、C 本题是以上海与中国的其它城市比，则要排除本身。其排除方法可用any other＋单数名词（一般不用复数）。若将上海同其它国家城市比，就不须用other了。
66、C 题意知识简单表示“需要意见衣服”，由于不知“我”共有几件衣服，故排除B，other前无the，后需用复数名词，排除D，any过于强调“任意一个”把问题考虑得过于复杂，不选A。
67、C 此句意思是：“任何人都知道任何别的人”。
68、D 此题未指明敲门人的性别，所以用it。
69、B 这是强调句，对时间状语in 1979进行强调。
70、C break是可数名词，休息。One表示泛指，指代a little break。
71、C There与seem连用，表示“好像（存在）有”。不定式to have been是to be的完成体。
72、A 从答语“那位穿外套的人”可知提问的是“众多人中的哪一位”。
73、A 答案写完整是一个强调句型：It is the children that is making so much noise in the garden.
74、A another在一般情况下后接单数名词或one。意思是“另一个”。但如果复数名词前有数词或few，several等词，可用another修饰，意思是“另外多少个”。
75、C 这是一个省略句，在the other和white之间省略了is painted。选项A有很大的干扰性，the other is white的意思是“另一面是白色的”，而不是“漆成白色的”。
76、A 要根据选项中各自意思来分别，none，“没有人”，“nothing没有任何东西”；little“少许，几乎没有”；no one“没有人”；nothing“没什么可见”；“none”意义要广一些，用“none”较合题意。
77、C that在句子中代the pleasure。一些考生只注意到few pleasures是复数，而没有注意到这里指的是饮一杯冷饮的乐趣，误填those。
78、A “but Japanese”除了日本之外的，可知其意思是除日本的anything。
79、D 本题旨在考查“每隔……”这一习惯表达。every other line意为“每隔一行”，every other day意为“每隔一天”。
80、D 这道题考查with短语的用法以及对整个句子的历届。她把一切需要买的东西买过后就离开市场了，首先要强调“每件东西都买了”，所以用everything，而选项C用ing形式表明动作仍在进行，这与整个句意不相符。故选D。
81、A it在句子中作形式宾语。When引导的从句作真正的宾语。
82、B 这是一个强调句，对主语these poisonous products进行强调。
83、C 列举三个人或物时用：one…, another (or a second), the third (or the other); 列举四个人或物时用：one…, another…, a third…, the fourth (or the other)。
84、C 根据问话中Tom和Ann是两个人，又根据But表示转折，所以选C，both表示两者都。
85、D that English is being accepted as an international language是主语从句。It作形式主语。
86、C 此处用so代指“Jack’s health has been ruined by over drinking”。
87、C friends后接定语从句，要在few前加定冠词the。
88、C all后接定语从句you ever want to do, 省略了作to do宾语的关系代词that。
89、C 从下文He is so firm upon it可知“所有朋友中没有人能说服汤姆改变主意”。
90、C 这是一个强调句。对for this reason进行强调，其明显标志是介词for。
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇7：考点2 代词和数词 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
考点2 代词和数词
1. You will find as you read this book that you just can’t keep some of these stones to . You will want to share them with a friend.
A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves
2. - Who called me this morning when I was not?
- A man calling Robert.
A. him B. himself C. his D. /
3. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed to and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A. it; her B. it; herself C. herself; her D. herself; herself
4. The girl insisted on seeing the manager , not any of his assistant.
A. by herself B. herself C. by himself D. himself
5. Tom felt that he knew everybody’s business than they knew it .
A. themselves B. oneself C. itself D. himself
6. There at the door stood a girl about the same age .
A. as me B. as mine C. with me D. with mine.
7. Jack is one of those men who I am sure always do best even in the most difficult situations.
A. his B. your C. their D. one’s
8. If a student can make what has been learned , whether in class or social practice, he will make steady progress.
A. his own B. him C. himself D. his
9. Of all the books on the desk, is of any use for our study.
A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none
10. We haven’t enough books for , some of you will have to share.
A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
11. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him.
A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than
12. It is easy to do the repair. you need is a hammer and some nails.
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
13. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for .
A. none B. either C. any D. each
14. - One week’s time has been wasted.
- I can’t believe we did all that work for .
A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything
15. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in .
A. the other B. some other C. others D. those others
16. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay 30 dollars.
A. another B. other C. more D. each
17. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
18. The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
A. that B. it C. this D. him
19. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made her duty to look after all the other people' s affairs in that town.
A. this B. that C. one D. it
20. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. He is tired out. .
A. There is no point B. There is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way
21. Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact for more serious than mobile phones do.
A. one B. ones C. it D. those
22. I prefer a car made in a developed country to made in such a poor developing country.
A. that; as B. one; as C. one; like D. that; like
23. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately couldn’t spare me even one minute.
A. they B. one C. who D. it
24. He did it it took me.
A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
25. - What can I do for you?
- I’d like to take these tomatoes.
A. two dozen of B. two dozen C. two dozens D. two dozens of
26. One and a half bananas left on the table.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
27. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away
C. are washing away D. are being washed away
28. The writer of the novel is a professor in his .
A. thirty B. thirtieth C. thirty’s D. thirties
29. people in the world are sending information by E-mail everyday.
A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million
30. - How far is it to London from here?
- Oh, it’s only a bus-ride.
A. five minutes B. five-minute C. five minute’s D. five-minutes
31. I will chance whether it is possible or not.
A. it B. that C. this D. one
32. If I can help , I don't like working late into the night.
A. so B. that C. it D. them
33. You will find as you read this book that you just can’t keep some of these stories to . You will want to share them with a friend.
A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves
34. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of .
A. others B. the other C. either D. another
35. We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found __ we like yet.
A. one B. ones C. it D. them
36. I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than in the city.
A. ones B. one C. that D. those
37. Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far serious than mobile phones do.
A. one B. ones C. it D. those
38. The real test of English is whether they can speak, read, write and orally understand well standard English.
A. everyone’s B. anyone’s C. someone’s D. nobody’s
39. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China, is likely that many of them will be born in Zhongguancun.
A. it B. which C. she D. that
40. - I hear John is much worse now.
- How can be? He looked better when we saw him in the hospital this morning.
A. he B. it C. this D. one
41. - There must be a dozen pens in this house but I can never find one when I need them.
- Keep looking. is sure to turn up.
A. One B. It C. That D. This
42. - It’s a lovely day, isn’t it?
- Yes, I love when the weather is like this. Why don’t we sit outside and have our lunch?
A. this B. that C. it D. one
43. - Where can I get the delicious food you bought yesterday?
- It is sold everywhere. You can get it at __ shop.
A. each B. any C. some D. certain
44. He has lived in London and New York, but he doesn’t like __ city.
A. neither B. either C. both D. all
45. Hurry up if you want to buy something for the party as there is hardly left in the fridge.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. none
46. He thought there would be many people at the show but when he arrived he found ______.
A. no one B. nobody C. nothing D. none
47. I just remember I once saw this woman day, but I’m not sure when and where exactly.
A. the other B. another C. other D. any
48. You asked us to send you our price and catalogue for the season. I’m sure you will find plenty to interest you in
A. it B. this C. one D. those
49. - Where can we have supper tonight?
- Oh, if you don’t mind, we can do it at of the restaurants.
A. all B. every C. any D. each
50. - Which side can I sit in the boat?
- If you sit still, you can sit on side.
A. neither B. every C. both D. either
51. The articles made of leather cost much more than of plastic.
A. that B. those C. it D. ones
52. friends Betty had made there all invited to her birthday party.
A. A few; was B. The few; were C. Few; were D. Few of; was
53. Mr. Johnson enjoyed ________ again by working in the factory because he always hates while staying alone at home all day long.
A. him; that B. it; it C. himself; it D. himself; that
54. It is rare in that people in fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
55. - Have you finished all of the exercises?
- Yes, completely. is left.
A. Nothing B. No one C. Neither D. None
56. E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
57. If you can dream , you can do .
A. one; it B. it; one C. one; one D. it; it
58. When you are reading fast, your eyes will be one or two word groups ahead of your mind is taking in.
A. one B. the others C. the one D. others
59. Nowadays everything strange is strange. That is to say, any unexpected thing is possible to happen.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
60. The trainer praised me, for what I did was better than of the top player on the team.
A. any B. each C. that D. those
61. I’m, just as is sung in a song, . I live on my own.
A. someone B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
考点小资料：常用数词短语
one at a time 一次一个的 one by one 一个一个的
one in a thousand 千里挑一 one-to-one 一对一的
ten to one 十之八九 by the dozen 以打计
by the hundred 以百计 in tens 十个十个的
one in(out of)ten 十个中的一个
考点小资料：常见的反身代词短语
by oneself（alone） 独自地，亲自 to oneself 暗自
for oneself 为自己 in oneself 本质上
of oneself 自动地，自发地 be oneself 处于正常状态下，显得自然
seat oneself=sit 坐下 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快
dress oneself in 穿着…… help oneself to 随便吃……，自行取用
come to oneself 苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气
devote oneself to 专心于，献身于…… find oneself in/ at 发觉自己来到……
teach oneself 自学 lose oneself 迷路
excuse oneself 自我辩解
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇8：《名词性从句》讲义 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
《名词性从句》讲义
一、定义：在复合句中相当于一个名词，做主语、宾语、表语、同位语的从句。
二、引导词：
1. 连词: that , if, whether, as if
2. 连接代词: who , what, which, whose, whom以及wh+ever
3. 连接副词: when, where, why, because, how
三、引导词的作用：
1. 连词只有连接的功能，而不在从句中充当句子成分。
2. 连接代词和连接副词不但有连接的功能，同时还要在从句中充当特定的句子成分，主
语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。
主 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：在复合句中作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
连词that、whether;
疑问代词who, what, which;
疑问副词when, where, how, why
⑴ 连词that（无词意）, whether(是否), 在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用; whether
能引导主语从句，而if不能。
That you don’t like him has nothing to do with me.
Whether John will do this experiment remains a question.
⑵ 疑问代词who, what, which, 在从句中既作连接词又充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Who will be sent abroad to further his studies is not announced.
What surprised me most was that such a little girl could play the violin so well.
Which school will win the prize is not known.
Whose dictionary has not been found is still unknown.
Whichever you take will be yours.
Whoever wants this book may take it.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
⑶ 疑问副词when, where, how, why在从句中充当时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、原
因状语
When they will start hasn’t been decided yet.
Where the heroine went is not mentioned at the end of the story.
How he managed to finish the composition in such a short time is still a mystery.
Why he often comes here is known to us all.
难点
1． 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。常以it作形式主语的
句型有：
A. It+be+形容词(well-known, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, common
Knowledge, a surprise, a fact, etc.)+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged,
etc.)+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
It has been suggested that much should be done to prevent the river from being
polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流受到污染。
D. It appears / seems that…… （似乎……）
It happens that…… （碰巧……）
It occurred to me that…… （我突然想起……）
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。
E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从
句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句
后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
2． 注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who)
你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。
表 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
(2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago, but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
难点
1． 连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。
2． 引导表语从句的that不省略，that仅起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何
意义
The impression he makes on me is that he is a reliable person.
他给我的印象是他是一个可靠的人。
3． the reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，我们学生易犯“the reason is because…”
的错误
The reason why the little actress has been such a success is that she is both clever and
hard-working.
4． 在表示命令order等，建议suggestion, advice等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要
用虚拟语气：should+动词原形，should可省略
His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.
5． whether可引导表语从句，表“是否”，它在从句中不充当成分，if不能引导表语从句。
宾 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2． 构成：关联词+简单句
3． 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
(1) 从属连词that。如：
He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并非任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能
省略。
① Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个
宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
② I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作
介词宾语时，that不能省略。) 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
③ That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that从句位于句首时，that
不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
④ We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a
probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
(2) 从属连词if/whether。如：
I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。
(3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词 where, when, how, why。
Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
4． 介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。
难点
1． 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2． 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in
后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done?
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3． 某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain,
pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4． 连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不
与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whether。试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句，意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5． 宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓
语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？
6． 宾语从句的时态变化规律：
(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
同 位 语 从 句
基本概念
1． 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2． 用法：
① 同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否来。
② 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从
句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
难点
1． that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别：
We expressed the hope (that) they had expressed.
我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。（定语从句）
We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.
我们表示希望他们再来中国访问。（同位语从句）
① 从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语或宾语等句子成分。
② 从语义角度上看，同位语从句与前面的名词hope是同位关系，表示hope的内容是they would come to visit China again。因而同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词作补充说明；而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“…的”（他们曾经表示过的），起修饰作用，因此定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词。一般来说，我们可以将同位语从句改写成“主语 + be + 表语”结构。
The hope was that they would come to visit China again.
③ 同位语从句的连词that不能省略，而定语从句的关系代词that，当其在从句中作宾语中，可省略，作主语也不可省略。
I’ve heard the news that he visited our factory.
I’ve heard the news that he told you the other day.
The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.
The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。)
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。)
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2．引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词， 在其前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因或方式意义的名词作先先词。
I will never forger the day when I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
The factory where I once worked has changed a lot.
我曾经工作过的那家工厂发生了巨大的变化。
That’s the reason why she didn’t come to the meeting.
这就是她为什么没有到会的原因。
当when, why, where引导同位语从句时，它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分，但前面却没有与其意义相当的先行词。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The problem where we got the machine needed has already been solved.
我们到哪里去弄所需机器的问题已经解决了。
He has solved the question why he was ill. 他已经解决了他为什么生病这个问题。
3． 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
高考题实录
1. Can you make sure ______ the gold ring? ( NMET1990)
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where has Alice put D. where Alice has put
2. No one will be sure ______ in a million years. (NMET1991)
A. what will man look like B. what man will look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
3. Go and get your coat . It’s ______ you left it (NMET1992)
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
4. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey (NMET1992)
A. while B. if C. that D. for
5. ____ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet．
A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That
6. ____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. (NMET 1993)
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
7. --- Do you remember ____ he came?
---Yes, I do, he came by car (NMET 1994)
A. how B. when C. that D. if
8. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
9. _____we can’t get seems better than _____we have (NMET)
A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what
10. ______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET1996)
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
11. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants. (NMET)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
12. Bob is no longer____ he used to be. (NMET)
A. that B. which C. who D. what
13. ---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---Is that _____ you had a few days off？ (NMET)
A. why B. when C. what D. where
14. ______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising． (上海1999)
A．Who B．The one C．Anyone D．Whoever
参 考 答 案
1─5 DBBCC 6─10 A ADAB 11─14 BDAD
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篇9：综合练习一 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
综合练习一
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. Ted couldn't remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was ________ Sunday because everybody was at ________ church.
A. /; the B. a; / C. /; a D. the; /
2. I have read the poem several times but it doesn't make any _______ to me.
A. difference B. sense C. meaning D. importance
3. --You've agreed to go? So why aren't you getting ready?
--But I ________ that you would have me start at once.
A. don't realize B. hadn't realized C. didn't realize D. am not realizing
4. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _______.
A. tired B. tiring C. being tired D. having been tired
5. The new appointment (任命) of our president _________ from the very beginning of the next semester.
A. takes effect B. takes place C. takes turns D. takes part
6. It was difficult for her to make an immediate decision as it would affect her present job and her relationship with the manager ________.
A. either B. though C. meanwhile D. as well
7. Don't be discouraged. _____ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
8. She was so angry at all _________ he was doing ___________ she stayed up all night.
A. that; that B. that; which C. what; that D. what; as
9. --Hi, Linda. What do you think of Jack's performance at the sports meeting?
--Not bad. You know, he came very close _________ the first place in the 100-meter race.
A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. to have got
10. --Must I renew the book now?
--No, you _____. You _________ that before the deadline.
A. mustn't; should do B. needn’t; should have done
C. may not; should do D. can't; should have done
11. --What do you think of the furniture on exhibition?
--Well, great! But I don't think much of ______ you bought.
A. the one B. it C. that D. which
12. Jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it ________. She got an A.
A. showed off B. paid off C. put off D. took off
13. In the experiment we kept a watchful eye ________ the development and recorded every detail.
A. with B. on C. for D. to
14. --Where is your daughter working?
--In the same company as I. I would rather she ___________ here.
A. had not worked B. not work C. doesn't work D. did not work
15. --We'd better hurry; we'll be late.
--________? Do you really want to listen to the boring lecture?
A. For what B. How so C. What else D. So what
16.Let us suppose that you are in position of parent. Would you allow your child to do such a thing?
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the
17. This is a world-famous novel._______ can be enjoyed from it until you have finished reading it, though.
A. Nothing B. Much C. Few D. Something
18. China’s Women’s Volley Team is an excellent group. Now no team can _______it, whether in spirit or in strategy and tactics (战略技术)
A. beat B. compare C. equal D. win
19. The result of the football match, ______ the delight of us all, was 2 -1 ______ our favor.
A. in, to B. at, in C. in, in D. to, in
20.There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
21. Facing the emergence, we were at a loss and none of us could ______ a solution to the problem.
A. come about B. come out C. come up against D. come up with
22. ---You haven’t said a word about my new hair-style, Molly. Do you like it?
---I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty.
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say
23. It’s said that there are plenty of hotels in that town. There be any difficulty for you to find somewhere to stay .
A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
24. It is fairly common in Africa for there ___________ a group of expert musicians surrounded by others who also join in the performances.
A. being B. to be C. be D. is
25. . ----Are you sure that he is able to do the work well?
---- _______ he could give his mind to it.
A. In case B. If only C. On condition that D. Unless
26. Hundreds of _____ of science fiction are published each year in our country.
A. styles B. titles C. subjects D. topics
27. ----No one is so ____ about his joy as Doctor Li.
----You are right. He devotes all his time and energies to his cause.
A. mad B. wild C. serious D. crazy
28. The medicine is supposed to cure this disease, but I’m not sure it .
A. does B. was C. has D. is
29. Mary likes to wear beautiful _____.
A. dress B. cloths C. jacket D. dresses
30. Today a large coal-fired power plant can give out in a single year as much poisonous gas as was blown out by the May 18,1980 outbreak of Mount St. Helens, ______ some. 400,000 ton.
A. its amount was B. amounts to C. amounting to D. it was amounted
31. -- Someone's dropped ________ and poured it on the new carpet.
-- Who _______ it?
A. a coffee cup; has done B. a cup of coffee; did
C. a cup for coffee; did D. a coffee's cup; has clone
32. -- How can I come by the money needed for the project?
-- _________ it from friends or raising a loan from a bank, _________ you may choose.
A. Borrow; whatever B. To borrow; no matter which
C. Borrowing; no matter what D. By borrowing; whichever
33. The seller _________ the CD player for $50, but the customer offered $30.
A. would sell B. used to sell C. sold D. insisted selling
34. Nearly a month had gone by ________ she showed some sign of giving in to her father.
A. until B. before C. since D. after
35. -- Did the door-keeper let you in?
-- No. __________ I tried to tell him that I was your cousin, he just didn't believe me.
A. Regardless of B. Whether C. Even if D. Even though
36. How much of the city have you _________ since you came to work here?
A. covered B. gone C. played D. been
37. I won't go to his party next time. It couldn't have been ________ in fact.
A. any better B. any worse C. so bad D. the best
38. Mother Teresa had the ________ of winning the Nobel Peace Prize for her great ________ helping the poor.
A. distinction; devoting in B. distinction; devotion to
C. honour; success for D. honour; succeed in
39. Whenever I go to Shanghai, _________ is quite frequent, I will visit my former teacher.
A. which B. where C. it D. as it
40. -- Thanks for your trouble.
-- Not at all. I'm _______ pleased to help you.
A. too much B. too only C. so much D. only too
41. By the time he was 38, he had become ________ principal of ________ university.
A. /; an B. /; a C. a; an D. a; the
42. Not in the mood for talking, he kept his friends _______.
A. in the distance B. far away C. at a distance D. a distance away
43. -- I know this is the latest type but it's secondhand. $20 -- that's my last offer.
-- OK. It's a(n) ___________.
A. business B. trade C. agreement D. deal
44. -- How can you ________ that he is from the North?
-- Simply by his accent.
A. get to know B. say C. realize D. tell
45. I don't ________ ghosts but I do ________ my eyes -- I saw it with my own eyes.
A. trust; believe in B. believe; believe in
C. believe in; believe D. believe; trust
46. We cannot figure out _______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as C. why D. when
47. _____ on -going division between English - speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _______ major concern of the country.
A. The; / B. The; a C. An; the D. An; /
48. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of
49. ______ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
50. I don’t _________ rock ‘n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste.
A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for
责任编辑：李芳芳
篇10：分词专项练习(人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
分词专项练习
Ⅰ 单项选择
1. the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
2.I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false teeth .
A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3.We're to listen to her _ voice. It's to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. _ a post office, I stopped some stamps.
A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed, buy D. Pass, to buy
5. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared
6.Here are some new computer programs for home buildings.
A. designing B. design C. designed D. to design
7. a little money, Jimmy was able to buy his mother a lovely new lamp.
A. To save B. Saving C. Saved D. Having saved
8.The teacher came into the classroom by his students.
A. following B. to be following C. followed D. having followed.
9.With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose B. losing C. lost D. has lost
10.There was so much noise in the room that the speaker couldn't make himself .
A. being heard B. hearing C. heard D. hear
11.The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed B. disappointing C. being disappointed D. disappoint
12.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use B. used C. using D. to use
13. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know B. Not knowing C. Knowing not D. Not known
14.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving B. moved C. moving D. to be moved
15.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came B. comes C. come D. coming
16. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown B. Showing C. Has shown D. Having been shown
17.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering B. gathered C. gather D. being gathered
18.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow B. following C. followed D. being followed
19.The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce B. reducing C. reduced D. reduces
20.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
21.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
22.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle B. settled C. to settle D. settling
23.The library's study room is full of studentsfor the exam.
A. busily prepared B. busy preparing C. busily prepare D. are busily preparing
24.The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
25.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn B. learn C. learned D. learning
26.The wallet _ several days ago was found __ in the dustbin outside the building. A. stolen, hidden B. stealing, hiding C. stealing, hidden D. stolen, hiding
27.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget B. learning, to forget C. to learn, forgetting D. learning, forgetting
28. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce B. Being produced C. Produced D. Having produced
29.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree. A. coming to B. going to C. leading to D. turning to
30.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. considerB. considering C. considered D. be considered
31. many times, he still couldn't understand.
A. Having been told B. Having told C. He having been told D. telling
32.The old sick lady entered the hospital, her two sons.
A. to support B. supporting C. supported by D. having supported
33.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square kilometres.
A. to cover B. covered C. covers D. covering
34.“We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed, stared seriously B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared D. discussed, stared
35.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
36.“Can you read?” Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
37. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing B. Having written C. Written D. Being written
38.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright B. frightening C. frightened D. frighten
39.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked B. mark C. to mark D. marking
40.The child sat in the dentist's chair .
A. tremble B. trembling C. trembled D. to trembled
41.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce B. announcing C. announced D. to announce
42.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing B. singing C. sung D. to sing
43.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heard B. hearing C. heard D. to hear
44.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect B. to collect C. collected D. collecting
45.The cars ___ in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing D. producing, producing
46.When I came in, I saw Dr. Li a patient.
A. examine B. examining C. to examine D. examined
47. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
48. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given B. Having given C. Giving D. Being given
49.He wrote a letter to me that his trip to Japan had been put off because of the bad weather.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
50.He reads newspapers every day to keep himself __ about what's going on in the world.
A. inform B. informing C. informed D. being informed
Ⅱ. 用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1.She caught the student (cheat) in exams.
2.When I got there, I found him (repair) farm tools.
3.When I got there, I found the farm tools . (repair)
4.Just then he heard someone _ (call) for help.
5.He worked so hard that he got his pay . (raise)
6.The missing boys were last seen (play) near the river.
7. His __________(frighten) expression made his wife __________ (surprise).
8.The workers had the machines (run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9.People in the south have their houses (make of ) bamboo.
10. (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
Ⅲ. 改写下列句子,其划线部分应改为分词短语
1.Look round when you cross the street.
2. When she heard the news, she burst into laughter.
3. As she was still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when they are introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling. It was mixed with snow.
6.While we were walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly. He was supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground which is covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money.
Ⅳ. 用分词结构翻译下列句子
1. 众所周知,旅游十分有趣,但当我们旅游回来,我们经常感到疲惫.(用分词作表语和状语)
2. 张教授提出的建议被政府拒绝了.( 用分词作定语)
3. 我希望这项工作在星期五前做好. (用分词作宾语补足语)
4. 当我到达这儿我发现他坐在书桌旁. (用分词作状语和宾语补足语)
5. 由于不知道接下来该干什么,他只好向我求助. (用分词作状语)
参考答案
Ⅰ、1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.C 20.D
21.D 22.B 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.C
31.A 32.C 33.D 34.B 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.A 40.B
41.B 42.B 43.C 44.D 45.B 46.B 47.A 48.B 49.B 50.C
Ⅱ、1. cheating 2.repairing 3.repaired 4.calling 5.raised
6.playing 7.frightened; surprised 8.running 9.made of 10.lost
Ⅲ、1.Look round when crossing the street.
2.Hearing the news, she burst into laughter.
3.Being still rather weak, she could not stay up for too long.
4.Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.
5.A cold rain was falling, mixed with snow.
6.While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.
7.The old man walked slowly, supported by his little grandson.
8.The ground covered with white snow looks very beautiful.
9.There is a tall tree covering the entrance to the cave.
10.The worker wrote to the police disclosing who stole the money.
Ⅳ. 1. As is known to us all, traveling is interesting, but we often feel tired when being back from travels.
2. The suggestion put forward by professor Zhang was rejected by the government.
3. I want this work finished by Friday.
4. When getting there, I found him seated / sitting at the desk.
5. Not knowing what to do next, he had to ask me for help.
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篇11：综合练习十三 (人教版高三英语下册教学论文)
综合练习十三
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. I opened the window _____ overlooked the garden.
A. who B. through which C. which D. where
2. Nowhere else_____such perfect silence_____in these mountains.
A. there is…as B. there is…like C. is there…like D. is there…as
3. _____the poor suffered in the underdeveloped area!
A. How hard B. How C. What D. How terrible
4. With all the things he_______,Mr. Smith left the supermarket and went home at once.
A. needed buy B. needed bought C. needed buying D. needs buy
5. John plays the violin______,if not better than David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
6. Xiamen is___most beautiful coast city and I believe I will come for_____second
time.
A. the…an B. a…a C. the…the D. a…the
7. The first country singer liked singing____the guitar.
A. with B. while played C. to D. by
8. Ten years had passed and I found Mr. Zhang had_____.
A. a little white hair B. some white hair C. a few white hairs D. much white hair
9. John_____a book about China last year,but I didn’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,the earth at night_____,too.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing cold
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. His close friend and fellow actor_____always encouraging him to write a book on his own experiences during the war.
A. are B. were C. is D. be
12. The nurses are trying their best to quiet the patient’s fear____she would die of the
disease.
A. as B. which C. for which D. that
13. My orders are important, so pay ____ to what I am going to say.
A. interest B. attention C. care D. notice
14. He did not succeed in his task in ____ of all his careful preparations.
A. case B. point C. favor D. spite
15. Though I’m really a very ____ person, I can’t wait for you any longer.
A. patient B. sensitive C. modest D. sociable
16. He lifted the heavy box, and it was the greatest ____ had ever made.
A. strength B. force C. power D. effort
17. ---I can’t get my car______on cold morning.
---Have you tried______radiator with hot water?
A. started…to fill B. started…filling C. start…filling D. start…filling
18. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work._____must be something wrong with it.
A. It B. There C. This D. That
19. The students,______at the way the question was put,didn’t know how to answer it.
A. being surprising B. surprising C. surprised D. having surprised
20. We’ll be much obliged if you will be_______to make suggestions for improvement of
our work.
A. so kind as B. enough kind C. so kind D. as kind as
21. ---It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home.
---Anybody in your position______the same.
A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done
22. She______the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.
A. needn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. mustn’t have left D. hadn’t had left
23. When you need help, you should know the private and public sources______you can
turn for assistance.
A. which B. that C. to which D. in that
24.If you are a man, you may point out that most scientists are male; if you are a woman,
you may say that_______are most prisoners.
A. the same B. so C. also D. even
25. I don’t think he could have done such a stupid thing last night,_______?
A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he
26. Higher and higher_____and then the kite was out of sight.
A. flew it B. it flew C. did it fly D. was it flying
27. The sunlight came in ____ the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.
A. through B. across C. on D. over
28. So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
29. I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, ____?
A. do I B. don’t I C. will they D. won’t they
30. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
31. As I know, there is __ __ car in this neighborhood.
A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a
32. What would have happened, __ __, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
33. ___ __for your laziness,you would be a good student.
A. Were not it B. Were it not C. If were it not D. If were it
34. He fell in love with the girl at first______.
A. scene B. sight C. look D. view
35. You are old enough to______your own living.
A. maintain B. manage C. earn D. arrange
36. What worried the child most was______to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his now allowing B. his not being allowed
C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed
37. The tower has been rebuilt so that it looks as if______during the 18th century.
A. it were done B. it used to be C. it was done D. it had been done
38. The teacher patiently gave us many examples in order to get the difficult points in the passage fully_____.
A. explaining B. explain C. to explain D. explained
39. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem______they themselves could not.
A. once B. then C. while D. if
40. Her pale face suggested that she_____in bad health,but she still insisted that the
meeting______on time.
A. be…would be held B. was…be held
C. was…should held D. being…was to be held
41. They must have finished their work now,_____?
A. must they B. haven’t they C. didn’t they D. don’t they
42. We’ll discuss such problems______something to do with our own interests.
A. which was B. as have C. as has D. what have
43. ---Will your brother go to the concert?
---_______if I go.
A. So is he B. He does too C. So will he D. So does he
44. ---I haven’t heard from Henry for a long time.
---What do you suppose ______to him?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
45. He was seen ______ a letter in his bed room.
A. write B. to write C. written D. wrote
46. Those who learn from their mistakes will change for______.
A. the best B. the better C. better D. good
47. I want to start my own business if I can ______the money
A. claim B. lift C. raise D. demand
48. The college student has got a part-time ______working in the garage.
A. duty B. task C. job D. assignment
49. Ronald Reagan was ______a Hollywood movie star.
A. from time to time B. at times C. at one time D. time and again
50. Our school has sent two ______students to foreign countries every year. So they can
experience a real English environment.
A. dozen B. dozens C. dozens of D. dozen of
责任编辑：李芳芳
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