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如何攻克雅思阅读选择题

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这次小编给大家整理了如何攻克雅思阅读选择题，本文共10篇，供大家阅读参考。本文原稿由网友“wendy”提供。

篇1：如何攻克雅思阅读选择题

被动刷题不可取制霸雅思阅读选择题需主动出击

雅思阅读选择题出题模式一：

句子1：It seems that the viewer can sense the artists’ vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

题目：下面哪个选项与上句意思一致?

A mostly favour works of art which they know well.

Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

那么应该90%的同学可以做对，正确答案是D。如果做不对的同学，请你踏踏实实去背背YOYO的核心词或是学术核心词汇566吧。

但是，选择题的实际出题模式是这样的：

雅思阅读选择题出题出题模式二：

这篇文章的标题是：Neuroaesthetics

题目：Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate that people

A mostly favour works of art which they know well.

Bhold fixed ideas about what makes a good work of art.

Care often misled by their initial expectations of a work of art.

Dhave the ability to perceive the intention behind works of art.

原文出题点：Angelina Hawley-Dolan, of Boston College, Massachusettes, responded to this debate by asking volunteers to view pairs of paintings - either the creations of famous abstract artists or the doodles of infants, chimps and elephant. They then had to judge which they preferred. A third of the paintings were given no captions, while many were labelled incorrectly-volunteers might think they were viewing a chimp’s messy brushstrokes when they were actually seeing an acclaimed masterpiece. In each set of trials, volunteers generally preferred the work of renowned artists, even when they believed it was by an animal or a child. It seems that the viewer can sense the artist’s vision in paintings, even if they can’t explain why.

出题模式一，其实就是雅思选择题的本质所在。出题模式二是正常的雅思考试的出题模式，配上抽象的主题和很多看似简单又读不懂的无关信息，以此来加大考试的难度，这就是雅思考官出题的套路。出题模式一和二一对比，大家就明白了，其实选择题，真正的难点在于：同学们往往不能准确定位出考官的出题点到底是哪一句子。烤鸭们一般可以大概定位到题目出题“面”--- 段落，但是，却不能准确定位“点”--出题的句子。所以，很多同学常常有需要读一整段或是两个段落来解一个选择题的错觉。

简言之，雅思阅读选择题的解题关键是：一定要能够准确点位出题点!这样，就可以有效排除很多干扰信息了。而在仅有的一个句子中，去读懂，再去识别选项的同义替换，这样选择题的难度就大大减小了。

那么，问题来了?如何锁定出题点呢?如何做到从“面”到“点”的准确定位呢?

定位选择题的出题点，可以根据题目的提问方式，来进行分类，每类题目的出题点和出题规律一般都是比较固定。雅思选择题的提问方式和出题点位置，一般可以分为以下几大类：

雅思阅读选择题出出题规律1：实验看结果

1.考查实验相关的题目，一般重点都是考实验的结果，重点直接去文中快速锁定实验的结果，一般表结果的关键词是：findings, ...found that..., It seems that..., it would seem that....

正常来说：当讲到某个实验的时候，文中的行文顺序：WHY该实验的背景/目的--HOW该实验如何进行--WHAT实验对象在实验做了什么或是如何表现的---Results/Findings。所以，当提到某个实验时，一般会有2-3句来讲实验的why, how和what，结果往往放在最后。解题时，直接快速跳到实验后边去看实验的结果。

如上题所示：题目问Angelina Hawley-Dolan’s findings indicate...(他的实验结果表明....), 文中，段落前几句描述的都是跟实验相关的内容，到最后一句It seems that..., 才是结果。考生们在做题前，如果能够非常清晰的了解这个特点的话，就可以高效准确的解题了。

雅思阅读选择题出题规律2：例子看观点

2.题目考查具体例子的，一般都是问例子说明或支持的观点，重点看原文例子的前后句。举例都是为了说明观点的。如果段落开头就是例子的，则需要看例子所在段落的前段的主要观点，观点的位置一般在上段的最后部分，提出一个观点，然后下段用例子证明。一般例子讲完后，在例子后边会再次总结一下观点。简言之，出现例子的重点看例子前后的句子。

雅思阅读选择题出题规律3：主旨细节要分清

3.如果题目提问中出现段落的，如果是问段落大意，就看段落主题句，快速把握段落主旨。出现段落，但不问主旨的，一定要先定好段落中具体细节，再解题。如: According to the eighth paragraph, how was the geography of the region significant? 题目中提到第8段，但是不能看一整个段落解题，还要定位到关键词geography 所在的句子，理解后再做题。

雅思阅读生词预判之定义句

生词预判之定义句

在雅思阅读中，如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。

例如： anthropology is the scientific study of man。

由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。

In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a personfinds

himself or herself in a difficult situation。

同样，从雅思阅读上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with,

beconsidered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent,

signify,constitute等。

雅思阅读模拟试题

This reading test contains 10 questions. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. To make it more authentic, download the test and do it with pen and paper.

Read the passage below and answer questions 1-10.

What you need to know about Culture Shock

Most people who move to a foreign country or culture may experience a period of time when they feel very homesick and have a lot of stress and difficulty functioning in the new culture. This feeling is often called ‘culture shock’ and it is important to understand and learn how to cope with culture shock if you are to adapt successfully to your new home’s culture.

First of all, it’s important to know that culture shock is normal. Everyone in a new situation will go through some form of culture shock, and the extent of which they do is determined by factors such as the difference between cultures, the degree to which someone is anxious to adapt to a new culture and the familiarity that person has to the new culture. If you go, for example, to a culture that is far different from your own, you’re likely to experience culture shock more sharply than those who move to a new culture knowing the language and the behavioural norms of the new culture.

There are four general stages of cultural adjustment, and it is important that you are aware of these stages and can recognise which stage you are in and when so that you will understand why you feel the way you do and that any difficulties you are experience are temporary, a process you are going through rather than a constant situation.

The first stage is usually referred to as the excitement stage or the ‘honeymoon’ stage. Upon arriving in a new environment, you’ll be interested in the new culture, everything will seem exciting, everyone will seem friendly and helpful and you’ll be overwhelmed with impressions. During this stage you are merely soaking up the new landscape, taking in these impressions passively, and at this stage you have little meaningful experience of the culture.

But it isn’t long before the honeymoon stage dissolves into the second stage – sometimes called the withdrawal stage. The excitement you felt before changes to frustration as you find it difficult to cope with the problems that arise. It seems that everything is difficult, the language is hard to learn, people are unusual and unpredictable, friends are hard to make, and simple things like shopping and going to the bank are challenges. It is at this stage that you are likely to feel anxious and homesick, and you will probably find yourself complaining about the new culture or country. This is the stage which is referred to as ‘culture shock’.

Culture shock is only temporary, and at some point, if you are one of those who manage to stick it out, you’ll transition into the third stage of cultural adjustment, the ‘recovery’ stage. At this point, you’ll have a routine, and you’ll feel more confident functioning in the new culture. You’ll start to feel less isolated as you start to understand and accept the way things are done and the way people behave in your new environment. Customs and traditions are clearer and easier to understand. At this stage, you’ll deal with new challenges with humour rather than anxiety.

The last stage is the ‘home’ or ‘stability’ stage – this is the point when people start to feel at home in the new culture. At this stage, you’ll function well in the new culture, adopt certain features and behaviours from your new home, and prefer certain aspects of the new culture to your own culture.

There is, in a sense, a fifth stage to this process. If you decide to return home after a long period in a new culture, you may experience what is called ‘reverse culture shock’. This means that you may find aspects of your own culture ‘foreign’ because you are so used to the new culture that you have spent so long adjusting to. Reverse culture shock is usually pretty mild – you may notice things about your home culture that you had never noticed before, and some of the ways people do things may seem odd. Reverse culture shock rarely lasts for very long.

Questions

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the article?

In boxes 1-10 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1) Some people will find the process of adapting to a new country easier than others.

2) Knowing about these four stages will help people adjust to a new culture more quickly.

3) People can ease culture shock by learning about the language and customs before they go to the new culture.

4) Culture shock is another name for cultural adjustment.

5) The first stage is usually the shortest.

6) In the first stage, people will have a very positive impression of the new culture.

7) Many people will leave the new culture while they are in the second stage.

8) By the third stage, people do not experience any more problems with the new culture.

9) In the fourth stage, people speak new language fluently.

10) Reverse culture shock is as difficult to deal with as culture shock.

参考答案

Answers

1) TRUE

2) NOT GIVEN

3) TRUE

4) FALSE

5) NOT GIVEN

6) TRUE

7) NOT GIVEN

8) FALSE

9) NOT GIVEN

10) FALSE

篇2：如何短期攻克雅思阅读

想短期突击雅思阅读?看这篇就够了

我们的阅读量大致在3500-4000词左右，这对考生从知识储备、时间和耐心上都是不小的考验。在本文中，将会给大家分析阅读短期突击的方法!融会贯通以下几点你的雅思阅读可能会有较大的提升哦。

解题顺序和时间分配

在雅思阅读中，解题顺序是很关键的一步，很多考生及其容易忽略这一点，导致很多考生在考场上时间分配不合理，耽误了整个阅读考试的进程，不少考生在考场上的第三篇文章基本都是连蒙带猜做出来的，正确率非常之惨淡。所以，拿到一篇雅思阅读文章后：

第一步：看文章标题

很多文章我们在看完文章标题以后就能够结合常识对文章的内容进行合理预测。比如：let’s go bats 这篇文章，我们就能确定首先文章是在讲蝙蝠这种动物。而关于蝙蝠大家都知道的特点就是在夜晚活动和狩猎，喜欢生活在阴暗潮湿环境，知识储备好一点的学生可能还会联想到声波。所以，文章里自然讲的东西也不会偏离太远。其次，在文章里遇到的不认识的单词，可以往这个话题上靠拢，比如：sonar ，radar(声纳和雷达)，就是跟蝙蝠的声波有关的概念。

第二步：看文章引言

雅思阅读有一些文章是有引言的，引言一般和标题正文的字体都不一样。基本有以下3个作用：a 文章内容简介 7-P89 b 文章背景介绍 8-P26 c 答案来源 8-P50

看引言能够帮考生在最短时间内了解文章的大概内容，减少阅读过程中的障碍

第三步：看题目

很多考生在拿到阅读文章后会习惯性地先粗略地看一遍文章或者文章段落的首末句，而这个时候一般收效甚微，因为会遇到单词困境，所以，比较推荐是先去看题目，搞清楚题目里要考的内容，在阅读过程中有意识地去寻找对应的答案，效率更高。

而在7-1-1这篇文章的选取中，我们应该重点关注6-9和10-13这两大类题型。因为6-9是集中型的题目，定位的答案相对靠近，都在文章的D段，在读原文的过程中，会更容易定位，而且我们知道所有题目都和facial version 相关，大大缩小了定位范围。10-13题，这种句子填空题一般是按照原文先后顺序出现的，在E段里面一次出现了相关内容。这样定位相对更有规律，而且基本每个题目都出现了sonar和radar这两个概念，所以，考生只需在读原文的过程中去关注和这两个概念相关的内容，再结合每个题目里的关键词，就比较容易解决。而相反最靠前的1-5题反而是最难定位的段落细节配对题，完全在原文乱序又分散，这种题目建议考生在把其他题目完成之后，借助原文和对其他题目的理解再来进行定位，可以节约不少时间。

第四步:阅读原文

在阅读原文的过程中，重点放在容易定位的题目上，因为即使在看不太懂原文的情况下，考生还是可以根据题目的关键词和定位规律快速定位。集中就联系上下文，正序就从前到后，这种题目相对更容易。

所以，简言之，考生在考场上的做题顺序并非按照出题顺序来做，而是应该按照定位的难易程度来做，要在有限的时间内把我们能够拿分的题目先做完，即：容易定位的题目一定要先做，不容易定位的放在最后做。

雅思考试阅读模拟练习及答案

Don’t wash those fossils!

Standard museum practice can wash away DNA.

1. Washing， brushing and varnishing fossils — all standard conservation treatments used by many fossil hunters and museum curators alike — vastly reduces the chances of recovering ancient DNA.

2. Instead， excavators should be handling at least some of their bounty with gloves， and freezing samples as they are found， dirt and all， concludes a paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today.

3. Although many palaeontologists know anecdotally that this is the best way to up the odds of extracting good DNA， Eva-Maria Geigl of the Jacques Monod Institute in Paris， France， and her colleagues have now shown just how important conservation practices can be. This information， they say， needs to be hammered home among the people who are actually out in the field digging up bones.

4. Geigl and her colleagues looked at 3，200-year-old fossil bones belonging to a single individual of an extinct cattle species， called an aurochs. The fossils were dug up at a site in France at two different times — either in 1947， and stored in a museum collection， or in ， and conserved in sterile conditions at -20 oC.

5. The team’s attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed. The newly excavated fossils， however， all yielded DNA.

6. Because the bones had been buried for the same amount of time， and in the same conditions， the conservation method had to be to blame says Geigl. “As much DNA was degraded in these 57 years as in the 3，200 years before，” she says.

Wash in， wash out

7. Because many palaeontologists base their work on the shape of fossils alone， their methods of conservation are not designed to preserve DNA， Geigl explains.

8. The biggest problem is how they are cleaned. Fossils are often washed together on-site in a large bath， which can allow water — and contaminants in the form of contemporary DNA — to permeate into the porous bones. “Not only is the authentic DNA getting washed out， but contamination is getting washed in，” says Geigl.

9. Most ancient DNA specialists know this already， says Hendrik Poinar， an evolutionary geneticist at McMaster University in Ontario， Canada. But that doesn’t mean that best practice has become widespread among those who actually find the fossils.

10. Getting hold of fossils that have been preserved with their DNA in mind relies on close relationships between lab-based geneticists and the excavators， says palaeogeneticist Svante P bo of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig， Germany. And that only occurs in exceptional cases， he says.

11. P bo’s team， which has been sequencing Neanderthal DNA， continually faces these problems. “When you want to study ancient human and Neanderthal remains， there’s a big issue of contamination with contemporary human DNA，” he says.

12. This doesn’t mean that all museum specimens are fatally flawed， notes P bo. The Neanderthal fossils that were recently sequenced in his own lab， for example， had been part of a museum collection treated in the traditional way. But P bo is keen to see samples of fossils from every major find preserved in line with Geigl’s recommendations — just in case.

Warm and wet

13. Geigl herself believes that， with cooperation between bench and field researchers， preserving fossils properly could open up avenues of discovery that have long been assumed closed.

14. Much human cultural development took place in temperate regions. DNA does not survive well in warm environments in the first place， and can vanish when fossils are washed and treated. For this reason， Geigl says， most ancient DNA studies have been done on permafrost samples， such as the woolly mammoth， or on remains sheltered from the elements in cold caves — including cave bear and Neanderthal fossils.

15. Better conservation methods， and a focus on fresh fossils， could boost DNA extraction from more delicate specimens， says Geigl. And that could shed more light on the story of human evolution.

(640 words nature )

Glossary

Palaeontologists 古生物学家

Aurochs 欧洲野牛

Neanderthal (人类学)尼安德特人，旧石器时代的古人类。

Permafrost (地理)永冻层

Questions 1-6

Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. How did people traditionally treat fossils?

2. What suggestions do Geigl and her colleagues give on what should be done when fossils are found?

3. What problems may be posed if fossil bones are washed on-site? Name ONE.

4. What characteristic do fossil bones have to make them susceptible to be contaminated with contemporary DNA when they are washed?

5. What could be better understood when conservation treatments are improved?

6. The passage mentioned several animal species studied by researchers. How many of them are mentioned?

Questions 7-11

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the writer

FALSE if the statement does not agree with the writer

NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage

7. In their paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ， Geigl and her colleagues have shown what conservation practices should be followed to preserve ancient DNA.

8. The fossil bones that Geigl and her colleagues studied are all from the same aurochs.

9. Geneticists don’t have to work on site.

10. Only newly excavated fossil bones using new conservation methods suggested by Geigl and her colleagues contain ancient DNA.

11. Paabo is still worried about the potential problems caused by treatments of fossils in traditional way.

Questions 12-13

Complete the following the statements by choosing letter A-D for each answer.

12. “This information” in paragraph 3 indicates：

[A] It is critical to follow proper practices in preserving ancient DNA.

[B] The best way of getting good DNA is to handle fossils with gloves.

[C] Fossil hunters should wear home-made hammers while digging up bones.

[D] Many palaeontologists know how one should do in treating fossils.

13. The study conducted by Geigl and her colleagues suggests：

[A] the fact that ancient DNA can not be recovered from fossil bones excavated in the past.

[B] the correlation between the amount of burying time and that of the recovered

DNA.

[C] the pace at which DNA degrades.

[D] the correlation between conservation practices and degradation of DNA.

雅思考试阅读模拟答案

篇3：雅思阅读选择题解题技巧

雅思阅读选择题解题技巧为大家带来雅思阅读中最常见的一种题型之一——选择题的解题方法和技巧的总结。选择题是我们非常熟悉也是雅思阅读的高频常客之一。虽说选择题无论随便乱选一个选项都有25%的正确率，如果掌握了正确的做题方法和步骤，就有机会达到100%正确率。

Multiple Choice(选择题)

题型要求

这是一个传统题型，大家都很熟悉。但就是这种大家都熟悉的题型，IELTS考试也要弄出新花样：四选一和多选多两种。

四选一，选项肯定是四个。即要求从A、B、C、D四项中选择一个最符合题意的选项。

多选多，选项肯定是五个或五个以上，而正确答案的数目肯定在两个以上。

哪个更难呢?很多同学会好不犹豫地说是多选多。实际上，多选多很容易，是一种简单题型。它具有以下几个特点：

(1) 正确答案的数目是已知的。在题目的要求中会告诉你要选出几个选项。题目要求中常WHICH FOUR， WHICH THREE 等字样。

(2) 答案在原文中是集中出现的，对应原文中的例举。找着一个答案，其余几个就在它的前后不远处。

我们举一个中文阅读的例子来说明。文章如下：

帕金森症是一种顽症。它是由大脑中缺乏一种叫多巴胺的化学物质引起的。(后面删减100字)很多名人深受其苦。比如，我们的改革的总设计师邓小平、拳王阿里、以故数学家陈景润等等。(后面删减100字)

题目是：以下哪三个人得过帕金森症?

A. 邓小平

B. 里根

C. 拳王阿里

D. 布什

E. 陈景润答案：ACE

四选一在考试中，一般比较难。它的特点是：四个选项，哪个都像。好像在原文中都提到了，但又都和原文的叙述不太一样。很容易选错。

选择题和问答题的区别在于：问答题要求你自己从原文中找答案。而选择题给你四个选项，让你选择，在给你提示的同时，也给了你一个陷阱。有些选择题，如果改为回答题，你可能能够做对，但给了你四个选项，反而选错了。

考试中，四选一，A类和G类一般都是每次必考，考一组，共3题左右。多选多，不是每次必考。

篇4：雅思阅读选择题解题技巧

(1) 找出题干中的关键词，最好先定位到原文中的一个段落。

将题干中的关键词与原文各段落的小标题或每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，着必将大大加快解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落的。

如果题目中的关键词难以确定答案的位置，选项中的关键词也可以作为定位的参考依据。

(2) 从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题干中的其他关键词及选项确定正确答案。正确选项常常是原文相关词句的改写。

确定一个段落后，答案在该段落中有的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，确定正确答案。短问答的答案常常是原文原词，而选择题的答案常常是原文相关词句的改写。

(3) 有些题目比较简单，可以直接选择。对于难题，可以用排除法确定正确答案。

有些题目比较简单，从原文很快找到对应答案。这时可以直接选择不必看其它选项。既可以节省时间，同时也避免受干扰选项的误导。

有些题目比较难，看每个选项都有点像，但又都不太象。这时，可以用排除法，先排除掉肯定不对的选项，然后在剩下的选项中再做出选择。通常，有两个选项必有好排除，另外两个有一定的难度。请参见本题型的注意事项部分，其中分析了干扰选项的特点。

(4) 要注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。

题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。这个规律也有助于同学们确定答案的位置。

NOTICE

1. 如果一个选项合乎题意，还要看其它选项中是否有both…and、all of the above的字样。

我们举一个中文阅读的例子：

原文：如果你随便停车，要罚你款，还要把你的车拖走。

题目：如果你随便停车，将：

A. 被罚款

B. 你的车被拖走

C. 没事儿

D. both被罚款and你的车被拖走答案：D

如果选项中有一个是all of the above，它是正确选项的可能性很大。Both…and是正确选项比all of the above小一些。总之，如果一个选项合乎题意，不要马上选。看一眼其余选项中是否有both…and, all of the above的字样。

2. 注意题干中是否有not, except的字样。

题干中有这些词时，通常是将它们大写并使用黑体，特别醒目。如果不注意看，必然答错题。

如前面的关于帕金森症的中文阅读文章，可能出一道四选一的题目：

题目：下面的人得过帕金森症EXCEPT

A. 邓小平

B. 里根

C. 拳王阿里

D. 陈景润答案：B

3. 干扰选项的特点

做选择题的过程就是与干扰选项做斗争的过程。清楚干扰选项的特点，就能做到百战百胜。干扰选项特征如下：

A. 无：选项中所讲的内容在原文中根本不存在，或找不到语言依据。要注意，答题的唯一依据是原文，不能凭借自己的知识或主观想象。

B. 反：与原文相矛盾的选项。这时要注意题干或原文中是否有NOT、EXECPT等词，也要注意反义词。

C. 满：含有“绝对意义”的词汇如must、always、all、will的选项，一般为错误选项。选项中含有“相对意义”的词汇如can、may、sometimes、some、not always，一般为正确答案。也就是说，越是模棱两可、含含糊糊，越可能是正确答案，因为它适用的范围更广。这条规律的适用性很强，实践证明它的准确率在90%以上。

D. 偏：似是而非，与原句部分相似的选项。这是不太容易排除的。

E. 混：张冠李戴，有时题干是主语，选项是谓语，要留心题干的主语和选项的谓语构成的主谓结构是否张冠李戴。这种干扰项规律也比较明显，常常是这样的：

原文：甲事物的特征是X。乙事物的特征是Y。

题干是甲事物，选项中肯定有特征Y，但肯定没有特征X。为什么呢?特征Y就是让你选的干扰项，如果选项中有特征X，你肯定会选它，就不会选错了。也就是出题者为了这个精心布置的陷阱成功，他会舍弃特征X，而在文章的其它地方谈到甲事物的时候，出现一个正确答案。

4. 正确选项应是原文的改写，与原文特别一致的选项应引起怀疑。

正确选项应是原文相关词句的改写，所以与原文特别一致的选项是正确选项的可能性不大。

雅思阅读考前必看文章之经济类

雅思阅读：Whose lost decade?

Japan's economy works better than pessimists think—at least for the elderly.

THE Japanese say they suffer from an economic disease called “structural pessimism”. Overseas too, there is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and America—even though figures released on November 14th show its economy grew by an annualised 6% in the third quarter, rebounding quickly from the March tsunami and nuclear disaster.

Look dispassionately at Japan's economic performance over the past ten years, though, and “the second lost decade”, if not the first, is a misnomer. Much of what tarnishes Japan's image is the result of demography—more than half its population is over 45—as well as its poor policy in dealing with it. Even so, most Japanese have grown richer over the decade.

In aggregate, Japan's economy grew at half the pace of America's between and . Yet if judged by growth in GDP per person over the same period, then Japan has outperformed America and the euro zone (see chart 1). In part this is because its population has shrunk whereas America's population has increased.

Though growth in labour productivity fell slightly short of America's from to , total factor productivity, a measure of how a country uses capital and labour, grew faster, according to the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation. Japan's unemployment rate is higher than in 2000, yet it remains about half the level of America and Europe (see chart 2).

Besides supposed stagnation, the two other curses of the Japanese economy are debt and deflation. Yet these also partly reflect demography and can be overstated. People often think of Japan as an indebted country. In fact, it is the world's biggest creditor nation, boasting ?253 trillion ($3.3 trillion) in net foreign assets.

To be sure, its government is a large debtor; its net debt as a share of GDP is one of the highest in the OECD. However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending or “bridges to nowhere”, but because of ageing, says the IMF. Social-security expenditure doubled as a share of GDP between 1990 and 2010 to pay rising pensions and health-care costs. Over the same period tax revenues have shrunk.

Falling tax revenues are a problem. The flip side, though, is that Japan has the lowest tax take of any country in the OECD, at just 17% of GDP. That gives it plenty of room to manoeuvre. Takatoshi Ito, an economist at the University of Tokyo, says increasing the consumption tax by 20 percentage points from its current 5%—putting it at the level of a high-tax European country—would raise ?50 trillion and immediately wipe out Japan's fiscal deficit.

That sounds draconian. But here again, demography plays a role. Officials say the elderly resist higher taxes or benefit cuts, and the young, who are in a minority, do not have the political power to push for what is in their long-term interest. David Weinstein, professor of Japanese economy at Columbia University in New York, says the elderly would rather give money to their children than pay it in taxes. Ultimately that may mean that benefits may shrink in the future. “If you want benefits to grow in line with income, as they are now, you need a massive increase in taxes of about 10% of GDP,” he says.

Demography helps explain Japan's stubborn deflation, too, he says. After all, falling prices give savers—most of whom are elderly—positive real yields even when nominal interest rates are close to zero. Up until now, holding government bonds has been a good bet. Domestic savers remain willing to roll them over, which enables the government to fund its deficits. Yet this comes at a cost to the rest of the economy.

In short, Japan's economy works better for those middle-aged and older than it does for the young. But it is not yet in crisis, and economists say there is plenty it could do to raise its potential growth rate, as well as to lower its debt burden.

Last weekend Yoshihiko Noda, the prime minister, took a brave shot at promoting reform when he said Japan planned to start consultations towards joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership. This is an American-backed free-trade zone that could lead to a lowering of tariffs on a huge swath of goods and services. Predictably it is elderly farmers, doctors and small businessmen who are most against it.

Reforms to other areas, such as the tax and benefit system, might be easier if the government could tell the Japanese a different story: not that their economy is mired in stagnation, but that its performance reflects the ups and downs of an ageing society, and that the old as well as the young need to make sacrifices.

The trouble is that the downbeat narrative is deeply ingrained. The current crop of leading Japanese politicians, bureaucrats and businessmen are themselves well past middle age. Many think they have sacrificed enough since the glory days of the 1980s, when Japan's economy seemed unstoppable. Mr Weinstein says they suffer from “diminished-giant syndrome”, nervously watching the economic rise of China. If they compared themselves instead with America and Europe, they might feel heartened enough to make some of the tough choices needed.

雅思阅读考前必看文章之经济类

雅思阅读：The magic of diasporas

Immigrant networks are a rare bright spark in the world economy. Rich countries should welcome them

THIS is not a good time to be foreign. Anti-immigrant parties are gaining ground in Europe. Britain has been fretting this week over lapses in its border controls. In America Barack Obama has failed to deliver the immigration reform he promised , and Republican presidential candidates would rather electrify the border fence with Mexico than educate the children of illegal aliens. America educates foreign scientists in its universities and then expels them, a policy the mayor of New York calls “national suicide”.

This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries' borders. But governments now weighing up whether or not to try to slam the door should consider another factor: the growing economic importance of diasporas, and the contribution they can make to a country's economic growth.

Old networks, new communications

Diaspora networks—of Huguenots, Scots, Jews and many others—have always been a potent economic force, but the cheapness and ease of modern travel has made them larger and more numerous than ever before. There are now 215m first-generation migrants around the world: that's 3% of the world's population. If they were a nation, it would be a little larger than Brazil. There are more Chinese people living outside China than there are French people in France. Some 22m Indians are scattered all over the globe. Small concentrations of ethnic and linguistic groups have always been found in surprising places—Lebanese in west Africa, Japanese in Brazil and Welsh in Patagonia, for instance—but they have been joined by newer ones, such as west Africans in southern China.

These networks of kinship and language make it easier to do business across borders. They speed the flow of information: a Chinese trader in Indonesia who spots a gap in the market for cheap umbrellas will alert his cousin in Shenzhen who knows someone who runs an umbrella factory. Kinship ties foster trust, so they can seal the deal and get the umbrellas to Jakarta before the rainy season ends. Trust matters, especially in emerging markets where the rule of law is weak. So does a knowledge of the local culture. That is why so much foreign direct investment in China still passes through the Chinese diaspora. And modern communications make these networks an even more powerful tool of business.

Diasporas also help spread ideas. Many of the emerging world's brightest minds are educated at Western universities. An increasing number go home, taking with them both knowledge and contacts. Indian computer scientists in Bangalore bounce ideas constantly off their Indian friends in Silicon Valley. China's technology industry is dominated by “sea turtles” (Chinese who have lived abroad and returned).

Diasporas spread money, too. Migrants into rich countries not only send cash to their families; they also help companies in their host country operate in their home country. A Harvard Business School study shows that American companies that employ lots of ethnic Chinese people find it much easier to set up in China without a joint venture with a local firm.

Such arguments are unlikely to make much headway against hostility towards immigrants in rich countries. Fury against foreigners is usually based on two (mutually incompatible) notions: that because so many migrants claim welfare they are a drain on the public purse; and that because they are prepared to work harder for less pay they will depress the wages of those at the bottom of the pile.

The first is usually not true (in Britain, for instance, immigrants claim benefits less than indigenous people do), and the second is hard to establish either way. Some studies do indeed suggest that competition from unskilled immigrants depresses the wages of unskilled locals. But others find this effect to be small or non-existent.

Nor is it possible to establish the impact of migration on overall growth. The sums are simply too difficult. Yet there are good reasons for believing that it is likely to be positive. Migrants tend to be hard-working and innovative. That spurs productivity and company formation. A recent study carried out by Duke University showed that, while immigrants make up an eighth of America's population, they founded a quarter of the country's technology and engineering firms. And, by linking the West with emerging markets, diasporas help rich countries to plug into fast-growing economies.

Rich countries are thus likely to benefit from looser immigration policy; and fears that poor countries will suffer as a result of a “brain drain” are overblown. The prospect of working abroad spurs more people to acquire valuable skills, and not all subsequently emigrate. Skilled migrants send money home, and they often return to set up new businesses. One study found that unless they lose more than 20% of their university graduates, the brain drain makes poor countries richer.

Indian takeaways

Government as well as business gains from the spread of ideas through diasporas. Foreign-educated Indians, including the prime minister, Manmohan Singh (Oxford and Cambridge) and his sidekick Montek Ahluwalia (Oxford), played a big role in bringing economic reform to India in the early 1990s. Some 500,000 Chinese people have studied abroad and returned, mostly in the past decade; they dominate the think-tanks that advise the government, and are moving up the ranks of the Communist Party. Cheng Li of the Brookings Institution, an American think-tank, predicts that they will be 15-17% of its Central Committee next year, up from 6% in . Few sea turtles call openly for democracy. But they have seen how it works in practice, and they know that many countries that practise it are richer, cleaner and more stable than China.

As for the old world, its desire to close its borders is understandable but dangerous. Migration brings youth to ageing countries, and allows ideas to circulate in millions of mobile minds. That is good both for those who arrive with suitcases and dreams and for those who should welcome them.

篇5：攻克雅思听力选择题的超方法

【题型讲解】攻克雅思听力选择题的超实用方法

可能很多同学会觉得选择题是比较容易解答的，因为就算时间不够或者看不懂问题，对于单选题来说，四个选择中任选一个，都有25%的机率答对。想要真正提升选择题的答题的准确率，一定要对选择题有一个较为清晰的认识。总的来说，雅思听力考试中的选择题包括单选题及多选题。总结选择题的答案类型，通常又分为三类，分别是：

1.直接或间接地矛盾

2.被直接或间接地支持

3.未提及

建议大家在解答选择题的时候，参考以下三个步骤：

1.读题

2.猜题

3.听题

在选择答案的时候，小站教育建议大家先将不正确的答案排除。在具体做题过程中，一定要注意将所有的选择项都看一遍，不要看到一个自认为正确的选择就忽略了其他选择项。有时候最后的选择才是是完整的，如果看到一半就选择了，那么了选出的答题很有可能只是“部分正确”的答案。另外，在排除所有没有可能的答案后，但是仍未找到正确答案时，可考虑较长的那个选择。这是很多考生总结出来的经验，同学们可以做个参考。另外，在解答多选题的时候，一定要注意看清要求，明确要选几项。读完题目后，要学会进行猜测。还有就是在听的过程中，注意把握关键信息，用笔做好相应的记录。

拒绝雅思听力拼写错误

很多同学套题做下来感觉不错，结果一对答案成绩不理想，发现好多都是拼写失分，这就非常可惜,比如accommodation这个单词少拼了个c或者少拼了个m。下面就给同学们支几招来更好地摆脱雅思听力中的拼写错误：

首先，在准备雅思听力背诵场景词汇过程中，要做到发音与拼写的准确性，如果有同学一起默写，互相监督校对错误的话ok, 如果自己一个人默写，可以在word 文档上进行默写，借助Word文档的自动纠错系统帮助更仔细地检查拼写错误。

其次，在平时做听力的精听练习的时候出错的单词，无论是因为生词还是因为拼写出错的单词都要仔细订正，重新摘录下来，反复复习背诵，加深印象，避免下次出错。此外，无论看起来多么熟悉，多么简单的单词，一旦感觉有点模糊就要查阅字典确定一下，不能够想当然，这样也能让自己印象更加深刻，下次不会出错。

雅思听力考试中，单词就像是造房子的砖石，没有一块一块砖石的积累，如何建造一座富丽堂皇的宫殿?!尤其是单词拼写，好不容易听出来是哪个单词，结果因为拼写的问题失分可能会让你几个月来的努力付之东流，到时候追悔莫及。

既然如此，何不现在就认真巩固好每一个单词，从最基本的细节做起，减少这些拼写的失分。最后祝愿同学们都能提高雅思听力技巧，突破雅思听力高分，在雅思考试中取得理想的成绩。

雅思听力语法知识：逻辑词

(1)表因果关系的词句预示着因果关系的出现，这有助于对语篇的重要事实和细节进行理解。这类词有：since，as，so等。

(2)表归纳、结论性的词句，预示着说话人将要对前面已叙述的内容做一个归纳和总结，或者根据前面已叙述的内容推断出一个结论。在雅思听力中，这类词主要还有：in conclusion，in summary，lastly，finally，to sum up，in short等，它们一般出现在段落或语篇的结尾部分。

(3)表示解释或强调关系的词句有：refer to，mean，and等这类词句预示着说话人要对前面已叙述的内容进行解释、澄清或进一步强调，以便听话人理解得更清楚。

(4)表示顺序或序列关系的词句如：“first“，“second’’等很明显将说话人的观点按序排列了，使之成为一个有序的整体。

(5)表示转折或对比关系的词句有however，but，yet等。这些词句表示说话人要将话题转化为新的信息，因此小编提醒考生，应特别注意该类雅思听力逻辑关系词后面的内容。

(6)表示列举、增补关系的信号词句有“and’’，“besides”，“moreover”等。

一听到这类信号词句，考生就可以想到下面的内容绝对不会出现全新的观点或想法，相反，它一定是预示着将要列举类似的系列或是表示同类人或事物的增补。

雅思听力常用短语辨析

1) a big time：尽兴，高兴的时刻

e.g. I had a big time there.

the big time：第一流，最高级

e.g. Don’t worry, you are in the big time now.

2) according to：按照，根据

e.g. They were commended or criticized according to their work.

according as：随……而定

e.g. The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.

3) admit to：承认

e.g. I have to admit to a dislike for modern music.

admit somebody (in) to：允许某人进入某地或加入某组织、行业

e.g. They have admitted me into their club.

4) all for：完全赞成

e.g. I am all for holding a meeting to discuss it.

for all：尽管

e.g. They could not open the box for all their forces.

5) all in all：总的说来

e.g. All in all, it is a success.

all in：疲倦，筋疲力尽

e.g. He was all in, but he stuck it out.

6) as it is (was)：照目前的情况来看

e.g. As it is, we shall be able to complete our task in time.

as it were：可以说，姑且这样说

e.g. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

7) as much as：几乎，实际上

e.g. By running away he as much as admitted that he had taken the money.

as much…as：与……一样多

e.g. It is as much our responsibility as yours.

8) as well：也，还是……为好

e.g. He gave me advice, and money as well.

Since you have begun to do it, you may as well finish it.

as well as：不仅……而且，除……之外

e.g. With television, we see a picture as well as hearing sound.

Small towns as well as big cities are being rapidly industrialized.

9) at one time：从前某个时期

e.g. At one time, we met frequently.

at a time：每次，一次

e.g. You can borrow only two books at a time.

10) attach to：属于，归因于

e.g. No blame attaches to him.

attach oneself to：参加，加入

e.g. He attached himself to the group of climbers.

篇6：如何攻克雅思阅读长难句

In the earliest stages of man's development he had no more need of money than animals have.He was content with very simple forms of shelter,made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him.As he became more civilized,however,he began to want better shelter,more efficient tools and weapons,and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands.For these things he had to turn to the skilled people such as smiths,leather workers or carpenters.It was then that the question of payment arose.

At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange.The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough.But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market,exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory.Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather,or iron,but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.

Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money.In some countries easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmer,instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain,gave him so many shells.If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food,he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade.In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade.Later,pieces of metal,bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces,or coins were used.Money as we know it had arrived.

1.Exchange of goods became difficult because _________.

A man became more civilized

B smiths began to look after land or cattle in their spare time

C more and more goods which had no fixed exchange values came to the marker

D farmers hadn't enough grain or meat to provide for skilled workers

2.Money was not used until _______.

A paper was invented

B people practiced a simple process of exchange

C nothing could be offered in exchange

D the exchange of one thing for another became too complicated

3.The best title for this passage is _____.

A What is money

B What are money's functions.

C The importance of money

D The beginning of money

注释：

1.stage阶段;时期at an early stage in our history

在我们的历史早期

(前面与the连用)演员生涯;剧院工作;戏剧工作行程，旅程

to travel by easy stages从容旅行

2.content n.内容，容量，目录，满足adj.满足的，满意的，愿意vt.使满足

We should never content ourselves with a little book knowledge only.我们切不可满足于仅仅有一点点书本知识。

3.shelter n.掩蔽处，身避处，掩蔽，保护，庇护所，掩体v.掩蔽，躲避

He stood in the shelter at the bus stop.他站在公共汽车站的候车亭里。

4.smith n.铁匠，金属品工匠

leather n.皮革，皮革制品

carpenter n.木匠

5.axe or plough斧或犁

6 complicate使复杂化，使错综加重(疾病)使混乱，难做、难懂;使恶化

be complicated in卷入……(的麻烦中)

Don't complicate life for me!不要为我把生活搞复杂了!

答案：1 C 2 D 3 D

篇7：如何攻克雅思阅读长难句

Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the Treaty

A.After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief,continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in .Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.

B.There are several reasons for Europe's recovering self-confidence.For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America(to say nothing of Asia),but in the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade,briefly outstripping America in terms of growth.Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag,2006's improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007,though the recovery may be ebbing by then.

C.The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law.Every four or five years,European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty:the Maastricht treaty in 1992,the Treaty of Amsterdam in ,the Treaty of Nice in .And in they were supposed to ratify a European constitution,laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters.But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted,not immobilised,by this setback.

D.In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome,its founding charter.Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate it ceremoniously,restating their commitment to”ever closer union“and the basic ideals of European unity.By itself,and in normal circumstances,the EU's 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless,a routine expression of European good fellowship.But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration(and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it)they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty.All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.

E.According to the German government—which holds the EU's agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year,perhaps to put to voters,perhaps not.There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed,approved by parliaments and,perhaps,put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable.Then,according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin,blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection,the whole thing will be signed,sealed and a new constitution delivered in -10.Europe will be nicely back on schedule.Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.

F.The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals.The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation.If it functions,it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to,reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.

G.That did not happen in 2005-06.Defensive,cynical and self-destructive,the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France,Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends.They saw no reason to pursue any sort of European policy and the EU,as a result,barely functioned.But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone,and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape.

H.The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries,bureaucraticmomentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007.That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular.The British government,for one,will almost certainly not want to go with the flow,beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe.More important,the voters will want a say.They rejected the constitution in 2005.It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.

Questions 1-6 Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?

Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer

FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this

1.After years'introspection and mistrust,continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.

2.The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.

3.The Treaty of Rome,which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union,was signed in 1957.

4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.

5.French government will hold the EU's presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of .

6.For a long time in hisotry,there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.

篇8：如何攻克雅思听力

攻克雅思听力多选题大礼包规律陷阱方法统统都有

一、雅思听力多选题出题思路

纵观历年雅思听力多选题的真题，可以发现题目的提问方式主要包括以下几种情况：利与弊的讨论、时间的区分、因果关系、包含与否、行为方式和重要细节。

1. 利与弊的讨论

What TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss? (C4T2S3)

What TWO advantages does the speaker say Rexford University has for the students he is speaking to? (C5T3S2)

2. 时间的区分

What TWO types of coursework are required each month on the part-time course? (C5T1S3)

Which THREE topics do this term’s study skill workshops cover? (C6T4S3)

Which THREE attractions can you visit at present by train from Trebirch? (C6T2S2)

Which TWO activities can students do after the tour at present? (C8T1S2)

Which TWO facilities in the district of Devon Close are open to the public at the moment? (C8T3S1)

3. 因果关系

Which TWO reasons does Jeannie give for deciding to leave some college clubs? (C8T43)

Which TWO factors reduce the benefits of shark nets? (C4T4S4)

4. 包含与否

Which TWO things are included in the price of the tour? (C5T1S1)

Which TWO of the following are offered free of charge at Shore Lane Health Center? (C9T4S1)

Which THREE things can students have with them in the museum? (C8T1S2)

Which THREE topics does Sandra agree to include in the proposal? (C8T1S3)

5. 行为方式

In which TWO ways is Dan financing his course? (C8T4S3)

Which THREE things can the general public do to help the charity Pedal Power? (C5T2S2)

6. 重要细节

Which TWO pieces of information does the speaker give about the fitness test? (C9T1S2)

Which TWO achievements of Antarctic Treaty are mentioned by the speakers? (C7T2S3)

Which TWO facilities did the students request in the new Union Building? (C4T3S4)

Which TWO security measures have been requested? (C4T3S4)

Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in connection with 20th century housing in the East End? (C6T1S4)

二、雅思听力多选题选项特点

从选项的数量来看，多选题主要可分为五选二和七选三两种情况，极少出现七选二。与单选题相比，两道单选题有六个选项，三道单选题有九个选项，多选题反而少了一两个干扰信息，考生应该为此感到庆幸。

从选项的长短看，多选题可以分为短选项和长选项。一般，大部分短选项都会在音频中出现，长选项的内容有一些会出现在音频中，另一些则被音频中的同义词替换。

从选项的内容看，多选题可以分为同类项和相反项。同类项，指的是结构类似或选项中有重复出现的单词。相反项，顾名思义，即意思相反的选项。一般，同类项里有一个正确答案，相反项里也有一个正确答案。

三、雅思听力多选题陷阱特点

通过对干扰选项的分析与研究，可以发现雅思听力多选题陷阱的形式主要有以下几个特点：

1. 无中生有

选项中的内容在音频中没有被提到，如C5T1S3中的选项E. study diary在音频中并未被提及，即可排除此选项;或者选项中的内容在音频中只提到了一部分，另一部分的内容在音频中未被提及，如C5T2S2中的选项G. write to the government，音频中提到了government, 但并没有提到write, 也没有出现其同义词，故可排除该选项。

2. 似是而非

选项中的内容与音频中的表述几乎一模一样，但实际上不同，如C5T2S2中的选项D. do voluntary work in its office, 音频中说的是Also you could help by contacting the voluntary staff at our offices,voluntary与office的出现几乎可以以假乱真，但是音频中说的是contacting而不是选项中的do, 不仔细很容易将D听成正确选项。

3. 答非所问

选项中的内容在音频中的表述与题目的问题无关或意思相反，如C6T2S2, 题目问的是现在从Trebirch出发坐火车可以参观哪三个景点，选项B. a theme park, 音频中说的是your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park, 与题目无关，故可排除该选项。再如C8T4S3题目问的是女生Jeannie离开社团的原因，选项B. The activity interferes with her studies, 音频中说的是尽管排练戏剧影响了学习，但她会继续留在该社团，与题目相悖，故可排除该选项。

4. 时间错乱

选项中的内容所表达的时态与题目问的时态不相符合，一般地，听力多选题的题目问题以现在时为主，所以发生在过去或者将来的则是陷阱。如C6T4S3题目问的是这个学期的学习技能研讨会包含哪三个话题，选项A. an introduction to the Internet, 音频中说的是The one on the Internet for beginners was last term, 这里的时间last term与题目中的时间this term不一致，故可排除该选项。再如C6T2S2题目中问的是现在从Trebirch出发坐火车可以参观哪三个景点，选项A. science museum, 音频中说的是when the new science museum opens next year, 这里的时间next year与题目中的时间at present不一致，故排除该选项。

5. 肯定与否

选项中的信息在音频中以否定的形式出现，如C8T1S2题目问的是学生们可以随身携带哪三件东西进入博物馆，选项A. food和选项B. drinks, 音频中说的是they should not bring anything to eat into the museum, or drinks of any kind. 因为有否定词not, 故可以轻松排除AB选项。再如C4T4S4, 题目问的是哪两个因素降低了鲨鱼网的作用，选项D. sharks eat holes in nets和选项G. holes in nets scare sharks, 音频中说的是It’s not that they think sharks are afraid of nets, or because they eat holes in them, because neither of this is true. 因为有否定词not和neither, 故可排除D和G选项。

四、雅思听力多选题解题方法

根据笔者之前所述，多选题的提问方式比较固定，故考生们在平时的练习中应该加强对上述出题思路中所讲的考点词汇的敏感度，只有先抓到了问题中的关键词，才能定位答案所集中的段落，同时注意识别上述陷阱，最后结合下面几种方法就可以达到事半功倍的效果。

1. 合并同类项

考生们在审题时要学会找差异，选项中有重复出现的单词可归为一类，即合并同类项，然后重点关注其他相异部分，因为出题点往往就落在这里。如C6T4S3, 选项A和F中均有Internet, 选项C和G中均有library,选项BDE中均有dissertation。显然，A和F, C和G, BDE中分别有一个正确答案。

2. 并列原则

由于雅思听力多选题自身的特点是答案多，所以选项中的内容在音频中的出现往往会通过连接词进行连接，即音频中讲完一个答案后，在讲下一个信息前常常会有明显的过渡词。如C5T3S2, 音频中说完正确答案C后，用one further point引出了下一个正确答案E。再如C4T2S3, 音频中说完正确答案B后，用another drawback引出了下一个正确答案C。所以，考生们在听音频时还要注意听并列词，以便更好地定位目标信息。

3. 同义转换原则

由于雅思听力多选题的大部分选项在音频中均会出现，且干扰选项往往听得非常清楚，所以很多考生会条件反射误以为听到了答案，而正确选项则由于其在音频中或多或少地被同义词替换，导致考生听不到或听到了但没听懂。所以考生在听音频时一定要根据上下文识别同义词，理解整句话的意思。

4. 排除法

当正确选项中的内容在音频中没有听到或者听到了但没有听懂，可以利用题目的隐含意思或其他选项在音频中的关系，灵活应用排除法，如C5T1S1, 题目问的是旅游价格中包含了哪两项活动，当听到需要花钱的选项ACE后，即可轻松选出正确选项BD。同理，C8T1S2, 题目问的是旅游结束后学生们可以做哪两项活动，选项ACD在音频中是以并列的形式一起出现的，而题目要求选两个答案，即可排除相互并列的ACD, 选出正确选项BE。

5. 求同存异

当长选项中的关键词与音频中的关键词相同时，此时应当把注意力集中在其他相异的部分，如果相异的部分所表达的内容也一致，那就是正确答案，如果相异的部分表达的内容无关或者相反，则是陷阱。

3大雅思听力多选题难点逐个击破听力高分者必备

雅思听力选择题难点之同义替换

同义替换是雅思听力选择题的核心考点，多选题肯定也不例外，同义互换给考生造成的疑惑点也可想而知，如果没有听懂原文的意思，那么很难将原文相应内容与选项内容对应上，也就直接导致答案选不对甚至直接感觉答案都没在听力原文里出现过。雅思听力多选题和单选题很像，同义替换的位置不仅会在选项上，同样也会在题干里面，而且同义替换的方式多变。

比如，剑桥4 Test2 Section3的第25, 26两题：

What TWO disadvantages of the questionnaire form of data collection do the students discuss?

A. the data is sometimes invalid B. Too few people may respond C. It is less likely to reveal the unexpected

D. In can only be used with literate populations E. There is a delay between the distribution and return of questionnaire

原文：

ROSA: No, I’m sure it talked drawbacks as well, didn’t it? Something about the response rate and the problems you get if it’s too low. (B)

MICK: Yeah, but we only need data from five subjects anyway.

ROSA: I suppose so. Another drawback I remember it mentioned was that questionnaire data tends not to reveal anything unexpected (C), because it is……

不难发现，问题当中的disadvantage这个词换成了drawback, 还有选项B中的few替换成了too low。这些同义替换都是最基本的近义词、同义词间的互换。

这些同义替换都是常见且重复出现的，难度不大。对于这样的雅思听力多选题目或者说这样的同义替换，大家肯定要在平时多积累常见的同义替换的单词、词组，多去延伸某一个单词的近义词、同义词。拿上面那个例子当中disadvantage 和drawback的同义替换来说，在剑桥3、剑桥7、剑桥9当中出现了至少4次。

当然也有同义替换难度比较大的，比如：剑桥6 Test1 Section4的第38, 39, 40三题：

Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in the connection with 20th century housing in the East End?

A. Unsympathetic landlords B. Unclean water C. Heating problems D. High rents

E. Over crowing F. Poor standards of building G. Houses catching fire

答案C, E, F在文中对应的内容为：

Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built. (F)

Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room. (C)

A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles. (E)

这样的同义替换是一种概括总结型的同义替换，这样的替换方式没有办法死记，因为每次替换的内容都可以不一样，不像近义词同义词的对等替换，概括总结型的同义替换是一种从属性质的替换，选项在意思上将原文内容意思高度概括，从而达到一种对应，这样的替换不仅要求考生听懂原文当中句子的意思，而且还要有同义互换的主动意识，也就是说要能够在听懂意思的基础上积极主动的去思考听懂的信息是否与某个选项匹配。否则，很多考生就会听懂原文意思，但没有反应过来听懂的意思可以和哪个选项对应。

雅思听力选择题难点之干扰选项

干扰其实不仅在雅思听力多选题当中有，单选题、填空题都会有干扰。在多选题中，干扰大多是选项内容与听力原文中的内容部分甚至完全相同，但从符合题意的角度，该选项不能作为正确选项。简单说来就是听到但不能选。同义替换已经很难了，为什么还要设计干扰作为另外一个难点?因为有时候同义替换的难度不够酸爽，再配上干扰，这样对于剑桥来说就完美了!干扰的情况在多选题当中比较容易判断，可以大致分为所有选项干扰、部分选项干扰以及问题条件干扰。

首先以剑桥5 Test1 Section1的第5, 6两题为例：

Which TWO things are included in the price of the tour?

A. Fishing trip B. Guided bushwalk C. reptile park entry D. Table tennis E. Tennis

这题就是上面说的所有选项干扰的一题，根据听力原文：

You guide will take anyone who is interested either on a bushwalk through the national park near the hotel, and there’s no extra charge for that, or on a fishing trip. That’s an extra $12 I think. And there is also a reptile park in town-that costs more or less the same. And if you just want to relax, you are free to sit by the hotel pool or go down the beach. Oh, they also have tennis courts at the hotel, but you have to pay for those by the hour. But there are table tennis tables downstairs, and they are part of the accommodation package……

A-E所有5个选项在听力原文当中都出现了，如果没有听懂意思，而只是听单词，这题难度就很大了，所以一定要关注符合题目“are included in the price of the tour”要求的选项。这种所有选项干扰的情况可以在审题的时候就预判出来，一般选项内容简单且不太容易做同义替换的时候，很容易出现所有选项都在听力中重现的情况，如果考生们能在审题时发现这一点，从而提醒自己一定不能再听到什么就选什么，一定要关注符合问题内容的信息，这样做对雅思听力多选题的几率会大大增加。

值得注意的是，在选项全部在雅思听力原文中重现的这种多选题中，并非同义替换就不存在了，只是不在选项上了，同义替换的位置很有可能会在题干当中，如上题，“are included in the price of the tour”就被替换成了2种说法“no extra charge”和“part of the accommodation package”，且后一种同义替换的难度非常大，很多烤鸭都没有反应过来这是住宿打包费用的一部分的意思，也就是费用已包含的意思。

其实，如果所有选项都在听力中重现，还可以用排除法去剔除错误选项，剩下的就是正确选项了，也就是说就算不知道“part of the accommodation package”的意思选不出E来，也应该知道D. table tennis是需要pay by the hour的，也就是和“are included in the price of the tour”意思相反，A,C选项也可以用同样的方式剔除。

再以刚刚提过的剑桥6 Test1 Section4的第38, 39, 40三题为例：

其实这题的难度远不止正确选项C, E, F的同义替换，如果我们看看所有选项以及题目相关的所有听力内容就不难发现，其实这题也有干扰，这种情况就是上面说的部分选项干扰，即不是所有选项都出现，只是其中几个选项出现，并且有的具有干扰功能：

A. Unsympathetic landlords B. Unclean water C. Heating problems D. High rents

E. Over crowing F. Poor standards of building G. Houses catching fire

A-G 7个选项对应的所有听力原文内容为：

Houses were crowded closely together and usually very badly built, because there was no regulation. But the poor and needy were attracted by the possibility of work, and they had to be housed. It was the availability, rather than the condition, of the housing that was the major concern for tenants and landlords alike. Few houses had electricity at this time, so other sources of power were used, like coal for the fires which heated perhaps just one room. Of course, the smoke from these contributed a great deal to the air pollution for which London used to be famous. A tiny, damp, unhealthy house like this might well be occupied by two full families, possibly including several children, grandparents, aunts and uncles.

不难发现，原文中有landlords一词，这个词也出现在了A选项中，构成了干扰，尤其对于没有听太清楚这个句子意思的考生，可能会想选A, 毕竟有个原文中出现的单词，其实在选项字比较多比较容易做同义替换的雅思听力多选题当中，当有选项内容或者部分内容原文重现的时候，这样的选项不仅不能立刻认为正确，而且还要慎重考虑是否会是干扰;“the smoke from these contributed……”，很多同学也会因为这个部分而选择G, 因为前面说在房子里烧煤取暖，这里又说冒烟，联系起来自己脑补一下感觉可能是说房子容易由于烧煤取暖而着火冒烟，因此这里的G也是一个干扰，且这个干扰对于水平稍好，能听懂一部分内容而不是全部内容的同学来说尤其具有迷惑性，因为这个选项没有之前的干扰方式那么简单粗暴的就将原文重现，而是疑似做了一下同义替换，这是比较难的一种干扰选项的出现方式，即根据原文内容做了一部分的意思同义替换，但整个选项意思还是和原文不符的，这样的干扰选项的排除就需要考生听懂不止是某几个词，而是整句话。

最后以剑桥6 Test4 Section3的第28, 29, 30题为例：

这道多选题除了刚刚说的那些干扰和同义替换情况之外，还有另外一种干扰存在，这种干扰不是单纯利用选项和听力原文的相似性进行干扰，这种干扰还和问题有关，也就是上面所说的问题条件干扰：

Which THREE topics do this term’s study skill workshop cover?

我们只看其中的选项A. An introduction to the Internet对应的听力原文的内容“the one for internet beginners was last term”和题目要求的this term相反，除此之外的部分与A选项的意思完全一样，就是时间限制让A选项成了错误项、干扰项。而且，通过总结发现，问题当中最常充当干扰内容的就是时间限制条件，且这样的干扰也会出现在单项选择题当中。因此，以后在问题当中看到表示时间限制的内容要多加小心，原文中可能会有另一个时间限制。

雅思听力选择题难点之题目长度

当然，剑桥6 Test4 Section3的第28, 29, 30题可能不止是同义互换和干扰是难点，这个多选题难还因为题目的长度：

Which THREE topics do this term’s study skill workshop cover?

A. An introduction to the Internet B. How to carry out research for a dissertation

C. Making good use of the whole range of library services D. Planning a dissertation

E. Standard requirements when writing a dissertation F. Using the Internet when doing research

G. What books and technical resources are available in the library

读完问题和7个选项的时间只有差不多10秒钟，这个时间显然不够，就算可以在规定时间内读完选项，在做题的时候，那么多文字内容在边听边要做出选择的时候也是一种巨大的挑战。所以在做多选题的时候，如果能给选项分类，那就可以大大减小边听边找选项的压力，把需要看的选项缩小到一定范围。不难发现，上题的7个选项可以分3类，一类里面有internet的A, F;一类是有dissertation的B, D, E;一类是有library的C, G, 这样一来，当听力中提到比如internet的时候，我们就不用每个选项都去看是否符合，只需要去看A, F, 这样大大减小了做题难度。

雅思听力多选题之7选3题型规律分析及答题技巧讲解

下面我们通过一道OG里面的7选3的雅思听力多选题来给各位烤鸭详细解答该类题型的答题技巧。

Questions 21-23

Choose THREE letters, A-G.Which THREE factorsdoes Marco’s tutor advise him to consider when selecting acourse?

A. possibility of specialization

B. relevance to future career

C. personal interest

D. organization of course

E. assessment methods

F. range of topics

G. reputation of lecturer

雅思听力多选题解题步骤1. 读题干

题干的重点通常在于：特殊名词(人名、地名、年份等大写和数字)，以及特殊情况。所以该考题的重点人物是Marco’s tutor,通过人物定位得出：该题的引导者(也就是我们所谓的信号词)大致出自Marco,而该题的答案大致出自他的tutor。

信号词：特殊情境

该题的特殊情境是：select a course(答案信号词)。

Summary(总结)：通过题干的重点提炼，我们可以得出，对话双方谁是答案引导者，谁是答案叙述者。直接引导出答案的信号词是什么。

雅思听力多选题解题步骤2. 选项分析

雅思听力选择题答案大致可分为三类：

(1). 被直接或间接地支持(Directly or indirectlysupported)

(2). 直接或间接地矛盾(Directly or indirectlycontradicted)

(3). 并未提及(Not mentioned)

而在多项选择题目中，尤其是7选3的题目，大多数情况是3个直接或者间接支持(肯定)，3个直接或者间接矛盾(否定)，1个选项是没有提及的。所以，各位考生的第二步骤是选项的阅读和关键词的提炼。

A选项关键词：specialization(因为possibility只是修饰specialization);B选项关键词：career(future只是修饰词，修饰career);C选项关键词：interest(personal是interest的修饰词)

D选项关键词：organization;E选项关键词：assessment;F选项关键词：range;G选项关键词：reputation

Summary(总结)：通过选项阅读划出1-2个关键词。关键词通常是该句子或者短语的核心词汇或者话题词汇。关键词通常是我们常见的可做paraphrase(同义替换)的词汇。

雅思听力多选题解题步骤3. 原文录音定位比对

答案引导定位：各位考生可以看到，通过信号词selectcourse可以定位出该多项选择题的答案在这里即将出现。

T: Hi Marco, come in.

M: Thanks. I’ve got a bit stuck trying toselect courses for next semester. Could you help me,please?

T: Of course. Sit down. First of all, mostpeople just go for the areas of business that they’re interestedin, but-even if something doesn’t look very stimulating-it’simportant that you can use it once you get a job. It’s not muchgood choosing areas that aren’t going to be helpful lateron.

选项C和B定位，关键词interest和job(career同义替换)，转折词but肯定后面部分否定前面部分，所以选择B排除C。

M: Right. I want to go into management, soI’ll need to think about that. And should I start specializing in aparticular area yet?

T: I don’t think that’s wise, at this stage.It’s better to aim for a wide variety of subjects, especially asmanagement covers so many possibilities. You shouldn’t be limitingyour choices for later on.

选项A和F定位，信号词specialising(specialization同义词)和wide variety ofsubjects(range同义替换)，否定词don’t否定specialization, 建议类词汇’d better肯定rangeof subjects, 所以选择F排除A。

M: Yes I see.

T: You should also look at how the course ismade up-will you have regular seminars and tutorials, for example,as well as lectures?

M: OK. Some of the lecturers are quite bignames in their fields, aren’t they? Should I aim to go to theircourses?

T: Well remember that the lecturers who aren’twell-known may still be very good teachers! I’d say we have aconsistently high standard of teaching in this department, so youdon’t need to worry about it.

选项D和G定位，信号词made up(organization同义替换)，bignames(reputation同义替换)，建议性的短语you should also肯定madeup(既organization)，否定词aren’t well-known否定reputation,所以选择D排除G。

选项E关于assessment(考评)并未提及。

雅思听力多选题解题步骤4. 排除干扰项，同义替换

通常在多项选择题里面，肯定(支持)和否定(矛盾)选项都是成组出现的。正确选项会出现肯定类的词汇，干扰选项会出现否定词或者后面紧接转折词，同义转换词多数时候是正确选项的暗示，而原词出现多数是陷阱。各位考生需要多累积常用词汇的同义转换单词。

雅思听力多选题解题步骤5. 得出正确选项

以这个example的正确答案是B, D, F。

值得考生们注意的是，在多项选择题里面，所有的选项都是需要看的，不要看到一个认为是正确的选项而忽略了其他的选项，因为通常只会有0-1个选项完全不会提及，为了肯定我们选择的正确性，应该同时确定排除的选项都是被录音否定过的。

在雅思听力考试中我们要注意以下几点：

1.提前读题非常重要，寻找题干信号词和选项的关键词，并且划出所有关键单词，以便知道应该留意的字和句;

2.随时准备答题，有时候题目的答案会在很早的时候，甚至是第一句就出现第一次的肯定

3.词汇的累积非常重要，尤其是常用词汇以及它们的同义替换;

4.注意陷阱选项：转折词、否定词等等;

5.检查一次答案，并且猜测所有听不到或听不懂的答案，千万不要留空。

篇9：雅思阅读选择题如何拿高分

雅思阅读选择题想拿高分?你得看这个

选择题有两种类型：单选题和多选题。

多数情况下，选择题都是考察文中的细节信息，但也有少数单选题会考察文章的主旨信息。比如，当一篇文章原本就没有标题的时候，那么这篇文章出的最后一个题目一定是让我们选择文章标题的单选题;再比如有时候题目会问到写这篇文章的目的，或者写某个段落的目的。像这种提问意图的选择题，以及选择文章或段落标题的选择题就是考察主旨的选择题，对于考察主旨的选择题来说，我们在选择答案的时候一定要选择一个最概括的选项来作为答案，那些文章没提到过的或者过于片面的选项都是要排除的选项。

接下来，我们就来分析一下考察细节信息选择题。多选题都是考察细节的选择题。对于多选题来说，题干中的信息一定包含题目的定位信息，所以必须找出题干中的定位词，然后回到原文中扫读包含定位词的语句。而对于多选题的正确选项来说，都是出自定位词所在的段落或者相邻的一两个段落里，不可能相差太远，除非题干中的定位词很明显地出现在比较远的段落里。

其次，对于考察细节的单选题来说，题干信息同样重要，但往往很多同学在做单选题的时候容易忽略掉题干的信息，而是去根据选项的信息去找答案了。这种做法无疑使得在做单选题的时候思路不清，不知道自己该找什么了，这种时候有的同学就下意识地去选择文中提及过的选项，而忽略的什么样的选项才是能够回答问题的选项。所以，在做任何选择题的时候，第一步永远是看明白题干到底问什么。第二步，便是从题干中找出定位词，回到原文中扫读包含定位词的语句，但有时候题干的定位词在原文中不明显或者被同义替换，这些时候我们就需要适当的借助选项中比较容易被找到的特殊词或者重复出现的关键词来辅助定位，需要注意的是根据选项信息定到的位置是选项的对应的原文位置，不一定是正确的选项，所以要找到题目答案，还是要在根据选项定到的位置附近找到题干的位置，通常情况下这才是离正确答案最近的位置。这就是为什么有时候做选择题需要读的可能是文章中定位词出现的位置附近的几句话，而非仅仅定位词所在的句子了。

在做选择的过程中，无非就是两种方法：直选法和排除法。不管用哪种方法，只要能快速准确的做出题目就好，当直选难以选出正确答案的时候，我们就去用排除法排除错误答案，这样剩下的便是正确的选项了。那么，什么样的选项会是错误选项呢?

我们把错误选项分为四类：

1、选项中的关键词在原文中未提及或者判断不出选项信息是否和原文信息一致的情况下，该选项是错误的。换句话说，如果把每个选项当成判断题来做，那么判断出答案是NOT GIVEN，这样的选项便是错误选项，需要排除。

2、选项信息和原文信息相抵触的情况下，该选项是错误选项，需要排除。

3、当选项信息和原文信息一致，但选项信息却无法回答题干问题的情况下，即使是和原文一致的信息也是错误的，需要排除。

4、最后一种情况也是最容易被错选的：当选项中的关键词信息非常明显地在定位词出现的位置附近出现了，这样的选项只能是部分信息和原文一致，而我们要选出的正确选项一定是全部信息都得和原文一致的并且能够回答题干问题的信息才是正确的信息。所以这种部分信息一致，但整体却不一定一致的选项也是错误的，需要排除。

最后，希望大家在读了这篇文章之后，试着用上文中所提到的一些做题技巧，在之后做选择题的时候，思路能够更清晰，做题能够更快速、更准确

雅思阅读机经真题解析-纸张和电脑

Paper or Computer?

A Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. But that hasn't happened. Every country in the Western world uses more paper today, on a per-capita basis, than it did ten years ago. The consumption of uncoated free-sheet paper, for instance — the most common kind of office paper — rose almost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995 and This is generally taken as evidence of how hard it is to eradicate old, wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are to the efficiencies offered by computerization. A number of cognitive psychologists and ergonomics experts, however, don't agree Paper has persisted, they argue, for very good reasons: when it comes to performing certain kinds of cognitive tasks, paper has many advantages over computers The dismay people feel at the sight of a messy desk — or the spectacle of air-traffic controllers tracking fj through notes scribbled on paper strips — arises from a fundamental confusion about the role that paper plays in our lives.

B The case for paper is mode most eloquently in ”The Myth of the Paperless Office“, by two social scientists. Abigail Sellen and Richard Harper. They begin their book with an account of a study they conducted at the International Monetary Fund, in Washington. D.C. economists at the I.M.F. spend most of their time writing reports on complicated economic questions, work that would seem to be perfectly suited to sitting in front of a computer. Nonetheless, the I.M.F. is awash in paper, and Sellen and Harper wanted to find out why. Their answer is that the business of reports — at least at the I M F. — is an intensely collaborative process, the professional judgments and contributions of many people. The economists bring drafts of reports to conference rooms, spread out the relevant pages, and negotiate changes with one other. They go back to their offices and jot down comments in the margin, taking advantage of the freedom offered by the informality of the handwritten note. Then they deliver the annotated draft to the author in person, taking him, page by page, through the suggested changes. At the end of the process, the author spreads out all the pages with comments on his desk and starts to enter them on the computer — moving the pages around as he works, organizing and reorganizing, saving and discarding.

C Without paper, this kind of collaborative and iterative work process would be much more difficult. According to Sellen and Harper, paper has a unique set of ”affordances“ — that is, qualities that permit specific kinds of uses. Paper is tangible: we can pick up a document, flip through it, read little bits here and there, and quickly get a sense of it. Paper is spatially flexible, meaning that we can spread it out and arrange it in the way that suits us best. And it's tailorable: we can easily annotate it, and scribble on it as we read, without altering the original text. Digital documents, of course, have their own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, remotely, and linked to other relevant material. But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group of people working together on a report. Sellen and Harper write:

D Paper enables a certain kind of thinking. Picture, for instance, the top of your desk. Chances are that you have a keyboard and a computer screen off to one side, and a clear space roughly eighteen inches square in front of your chair. What covers the rest of the desktop is probably piles — piles of papers, journals, magazines, binders, postcards, videotapes, and all the other artifacts of the knowledge economy. The piles look like o mess, but they aren't. When a group at Apple Computer studied piling behavior several years ago, they found that even the most disorderly piles usually make perfect sense to the piles, and that office workers could hold forth in great detail about the precise history and meaning of their piles. The pile closest to the cleared, eighteen-inch-square working area, for example, generally represents the most business, and within that pile the most important document of all is likely to be at the top. Piles are living, breathing archives. Over time, they get broken down and resorted, sometimes chronologically and sometimes thematically and sometimes chronologically and thematically; clues about certain documents may be physically embedded in the file by, say, stacking a certain piece of paper at an angle or inserting dividers into the stack.

E But why do we pile documents instead of filing them? Because piles represent the process of active, ongoing thinking. The psychologist Alison Kidd, whose research Sellen and Harper refer to extensively, argues that ”knowledge workers“ use the physical space of the desktop to hold ”ideas which they cannot yet categorize or even decide how they might use“ The messy desk is not necessarily a sign of disorganization. It may be a sign of complexity: those who deal with many unresolved ideas simultaneously cannot sort and file the papers on their desks, because they haven't yet sorted and filed the ideas in their head. Kidd writes that many of the people she talked to use the papers on their desks as contextual cues to ”recover a complex set of threads without difficulty and delay“ when they come in on a Monday morning, or after their work has been interrupted by a phone call. What we see when we look at the piles on our desks is, in a sense, the contents of our brains.

F This idea that paper facilitates a highly specialized cognitive and social process is a far cry from the way we have historically thought about the stuff. Paper first began to proliferate in the workplace in the late nineteenth century as part of the move toward ”systematic management.“ To cope with the complexity of the industrial economy, managers were instituting company-wide policies and demanding monthly, weekly, or even daily updates from their subordinates. Thus was born the monthly sales report, and the office manual and the internal company newsletter. The typewriter took off in the eighteen-eighties, making it possible to create documents in a fraction of the time it had previously taken, and that was followed closely by the advent of carbon paper, which meant that a typist could create ten copies of that document simultaneously. Paper was important not to facilitate creative collaboration and thought but as an instrument of control.

Questions 27-32

The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.

Write the correct number, i-x. in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i. paper continued as a sharing or managing must

ii. piles can be more inspiring rather than disorgansing

iii. Favorable situation that economists used paper pages

iv. overview of an unexpected situation: paper survived

v. comparison between efficiencies for using paper and using computer

vi. IMF' paperless office seemed to be a waste of papers

vii. example of failure for avoidance of paper record

viii. There are advantages of using a paper in offices

ix. piles reflect certain characteristics in people' s thought

x. joy of having the paper square in front of computer

1. Paragraph A

2. Paragraph B

3. Paragraph C

4. Paragraph D

5. Paragraph E

6. Paragraph G

Questions 33-36 Summary

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.

Compared with digital documents, paper has several advantages. First it allows clerks to work in a____33____way among colleagues. Next, paper is not like virtual digital versions, it's____34____. Finally, because it is____35____note or comments can be effortlessly added as related information. However, shortcoming comes at the absence of convenience on task which is for a____36____.

Question 37-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

Write your answer in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37 What do the economists from IMF say that their way of writing documents?

A they note down their comments for freedom on the drafts

B they finish all writing individually

C they share ideas on before electronic version was made

D they use electronic version fully

38 What is the implication of the ”Piles\" mentioned in the passage?

A they have underlying orders

B they are necessarily a mess

C they are in time sequence order

D they are in alphabetic order

39 What does the manager believe in sophisticated economy?

A recorded paper can be as management tool

B carbon paper should be compulsory

C Teamwork is the most important

D monthly report is the best way

40 According to the end of this passage, what is the reason why paper is not replaced by electronic vision?

A paper is inexpensive to buy

B it contributed to management theories in western countries

C people need time for changing their old habit

D it is collaborative and functional for tasks implement and management

文章题目：纸张还是电脑?

篇章结构

体裁

论说文

题目

纸张还是电脑？

结构

A：总述纸张仍然存在,并且没有被电脑代替的事实

B: 经济学家运用纸张的这种现状

C: 在办公室使用纸张的一些好处

D：堆积会更启发灵感而不是杂乱

E：堆积会反映人们思考的特点

F：纸张继续作为分享和管理的必不可少的物质

试题分析

Question 1-。。。

题目类型：

题号

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

Computer replace

Paper

A段前两句

A段前两句说纸张没有被电脑科技代替，后几句接着说了现在纸张用的量还在增加，并且说明了为什么纸张存在的合理性。所以只有iv. overview of an unexpected situation—paper survived.这一选项概括了A段的意思。

IMF. Is awash in paper

B段第三句

B段首先讲了两个社会学家的无纸化办公的理论，但是从第三句开始一直在讲在国际货币基金组织里面纸张被使用的现状，所以对应iii选项.

Affordance

Tangible

tailorable

C段第二三四句开头

C段开头说如果没有纸张，写作变得困难，然后继续说纸张有很多功能可见性比如纸张是有形的，纸张可以修改。所以对应选项viii.

Piles aren’t

mess

D段第三句

D段第三句说堆积不是杂乱，后几句说的是研究表明看似杂乱的堆积其实是有规律的。对应选项ii.

Piles represent

active

E段前两句

E段第一句先提出问题，为什么将文件摞起来而不是归档？然后第二句回答说摞放表示动态的思考过程所以选ix.

Important instrument

Control

F段尾句

F段最后总结说，纸张不是在创造性的集体写作方面重要，而是在作为控制手段时显得格外重要。所以对应选项i.

Advantage

way colleagues

C段首句

根据advantage我们知道这是在讲第三段的内容，根据way 和colleague 可知要选的是描述纸张是什么样的方式来在工作中起作用。所以是collaborative和iterative。

not like digital

version

C段第三句

这个空是和digital version的比较，第三句说pick

Up 和flip都是比较，所以是tangible可见的。

Note comment

added

C段第五句

Annotate和scribble都对应 Note and comment

Added，所以是tailorable 。

Shortcoming

C段最后一句

对应C段最后一句说到了缺点并且题中还有一个a ，所以应该是 group of people。

Economist

IMF

Writing

Documents

B 段最后一句

根据 IMF和economists定位到第二段，正确选项是对应到最后一句话At the end of the process，…start to enter them on computer…所以对应C选项。A选项说note for freedom与原文有出入，B的finish individually与段落的第四句意思相反，文中说的是这个过程是合作的。D选项的use electronic version fully 显然和文中相反，文中说到也用纸张。

Piles

D段第5、6句

文中说堆积看起来很乱，其实不然，通过研究表明，即使最乱的堆积也有摆放者自己的思路。所以对应A选型，underlying order 潜在的顺序

Manager sophisticated

Economy

F段第三句

根据manager和economy定位到F段第三句，说的是经理制定了全公司范围的制度，并且要求按时汇报工作进程。所以对应A选项。

Reason

paper

Not replaced

F段最后一句

F段最后一句提到了paper is important…所以就是答案，说到了纸张作为控制手段的重要性，对应D选项。