如何让托福写作更具真实性

下面是小编给大家整理的如何让托福写作更具真实性，本文共3篇，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“大大”提供。

篇1：如何让托福写作更具真实性

攻克托福写作难题，让写作更具真实性

托福写作经验介绍：首先我们要有模板，

模板一：

A 年份 survey/ report, conducted by 组织/机构/.x university, (after polling .x 人群 aged x and x) proved that .% a, .% b, .% c.

模板二：

According to 年份 surveys, conducted by 组织/机构， shows that …

其次，我们要积累编写数据例证时常用的机构/组织的名称：

环保局Environmental protection agency

卫生厅 department of public health

教育部Ministry of Education

人力资源部Human resource Department

交通局 Traffic department

数据类题目适用于哪类题目?最适用的题型是今昔对比类题目， 如下：

Twenty years from now on, people will have more leisure time than they do now.

Secondly, the working time of people has become much shorter, thus resulting in people's preference for more leisure time. According to 1995 and surveys conducted by Human Resources Department, people worked 8 hours every day in 2005 while people in 1995 worked almost 9 hours each day. The shortened work time is caused by the wide use fo machines.

分析：

托福作文题目大意： 后，人们会有更多休闲时间。

人们休闲时间越来越多可以通过调查人们在1995和2005工作时长的减少反映出来。

It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now.

Additionally, a questionnaire about choosing an ideal job conducted by Career Service Center in China has surveyed two groups of people with the first at the age of 50 and above and the second aged from 20 to 30. 58.4%. According to the above survey, 32.5% of the first group respectively choose the option of civil servants and teachers. On the contrary, 72.4% of the second group circled the third option of other occupations such as singers, freelance writers and so on. The difference in the two groups of figures lies in the transition of people's attitude of choosing a job .

题目大意： 现在更难以去判断一项工作是否成功。

通过一项问卷调查来说明现在人们打破了以前铁饭碗的观念，开始从事其他类别的工作，从而证明人们对于成功工作的定义变得多样化。

Nowadays it is easier to get educated than in the past.

A -report conducted by Beijing Human Resources Department: the female percentage in the occupations such as professors, doctors, layers. Engineers grew by 80.3% compared to the days 50 years ago.

通过古今对比体面工作中女性比例的上升，来证明女性接受教育比以前要容易了。

总之，我们要想熟练的运用数据类论据，一定要固定表达方式，要知道数据类论据适合古今对比类文章。

托福写作开头和结尾模板

1. 再次陈述主题。用 paraphrase 方式再次呈现主题陈述中出现的三要素: a.问题中存在争议的地方; b.观点;c.理由。

2. 结束句。放在陈述完主题之后。

托福写作辅导提出结尾段结束句的三种常见写法：

一. 托福作文的最后总结教训或提出建议

In conclusion, whether to imitate or vary from others to achieve success, it hinges mostly on the occupations we engage in. For jobs like doctors that require routine practices, it is unnecessary for them to make alterations to become successful. Whereas artists like painters whose works are characteristic of creativity and imagination, it is of crucial importance to distinguish from others to succeed.

二. 提出令人忧虑的结果或可能出现的负面结果

假设读者没有想作者说的那样去做，在结论中提出将会出现的负面结果，帮助读者预见到令人忧虑的后果，进而令读者自然第接受作者的意见。

e.g., To summarize, on one hand, for artists who are fortunate to profit immensely from their occupation, it is unnecessary for the government to offer additional financial incentives for them. On the other hand, government should provide financial support and appropriate policies to impoverished artists who engage in conventional craftsmanship because these are viewed as national treasure and cultural heritage of the country. If the government did not support those unfortunate traditional artists, the valuable conventional forms of arts would disappear very soon.

三. 提出问题留待读者思考

In conclusion, it is inevitable for children to commit mistakes at a young age, parents should play their part to instill the importance of good behaviors in their children. Parents should allow children to make small mistakes as a meaningful learning experience. However, what would be like if parents permit their children to commit serious mistakes like theft and robbery?

结尾段常用表达方式：

Finally, thus, in a word, in brief;

In conclusion, to conclude, in the end;

In the final analysis, in a nutshell, on the whole;

To summarize, to encapsulate, in sum, in summary

In light of these facts, considering these ideas

怎样提高托福写作，轻松拿高分

1、新托福写作考什么?

新托福作文部分包括两道试题，需在大约55分钟的时间内完成。

第一道是以阅读和听力材料为基础的综合写作试题。考生需要首先阅读一篇学术文章，阅读的时间是3分钟左右。然后文章隐去，这时考生需要听一段大约为1分半钟的演讲。但是考生在写作文时可以看到在放听力材料时隐去的阅读材料。考生在阅读和听录音的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题。考生有20分钟的时间来总结听力材料中的要点，并解释这些要点与阅读材料中的要点有何关系。作文内容是根据考试所提出的问题而定的，不能由考生自由发挥。通常有效的回答应是一篇150~225个单词的作文。本试题属于客观性题目。

第二道是独立写作试题。本部分需30分钟的时间，与现行机考托福的写作考试或笔试托福写作考试(TWE)类似，需要考生根据自己的知识和经验陈述、解释并支持对某一问题的看法。通常有效的回答应是一篇超过300个单词的作文。考生可以自由选择材料、形式和观点等，不受题目的严格限制。本试题属于主观性题目。相比较而言，第二道题目对于考生来说比较容易取得高分。

2、如何准备新托福写作

考生应该在考前多阅读一些与新托福考试思路接近的学术性文章，熟悉其写作格式和常用语言及表达句式，熟悉英语文章的文章结构和英语作者的写作思路，熟悉英语文章的衔接手段，尽量模仿英、美作者的逻辑思维练习写议论性文章。要提高快速阅读能力，做到精读和泛读二者相结合。迅速了解文章大意，快速提取关键词、关键句和重要的信息点。

考生还要多听一些学术性比较强的英语演讲，以便熟悉学术性英语的口头表达方式和内容组织特点。要提高精听和泛听的能力。能够迅速捕捉到听力段落的关键词、关键句和重要信息点;能够较完整的听懂文章的主要内容，归纳出主旨大意。

考生要有意识地加强记笔记的能力。这包括两个方面：一是要能快速、准确地判定什么是最重要的，是必须记下来的内容;二是在记的同时要兼顾听与读，不错过重要的信息。要知道，如果在“听”这个环节没有记下足够的有价值的信息，独立写作部分就是无米之炊，考生只能抱恨而归了。

3、如何完成新托福写作考试

针对即将到来的新托福写作中各个部分笔者有如下几项建议：

1.熟悉指令。每场考试的指令都是相同的，因此考试时没有必要花时间仔细阅读指令。考试之前，你一定要对考试指令娴熟在心。 2.迅速提高记笔记的能力

在综合写作中，考生必须能够准确复述Lecture中的主要信息以及它们间的逻辑联系，因此，速记的能力就很重要了。学习并熟悉一些简单的速记技巧会使考生在考场上获得更多的相对优势。不要尝试逐字逐句地记录，在不影响记忆情况下，单词可以采取缩写。用各种符号去表达文章的逻辑关系。 考试中：

指令一出来就立刻跳过。你对指令应该已很熟悉，因此只要指令一出现就立刻用鼠标点Continue，将你的时间省下来用在答题上。

如果综合写作任务的内容你并不熟悉，不要担心。所有你需要回答的信息都包含在段落里。回答这些问题不需要有任何背景知识。

仔细地阅读材料。你只有有限的阅读时间。

阅读段落时，仔细记笔记。注意主要观点和主要的支持信息。不要写下你读到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。

仔细听。每段你只能听一次。考试时你不能重复这些段落。

边听边仔细记笔记。不要写下你听到的所有内容。不要写下太多不必要的细节。主要要记下所听材料的要点即可。

清楚地组织自己的回答。回答应包括说明阅读段落和听力段落之间关系的主题句、支持主题句的重要材料、关于阅读材料的一个段落、关于听力材料的一个段落。

利用过渡词使你的回答连贯。如果能显示出回答的观点是如何相互关联的，你的回答就更易被读懂、理解。

坚持使用你所知道的词汇、句子结构和语法点。这时不是你尝试新词汇、句子结构和语法点的时候。 注意显示在计算机屏幕上标题栏内的时间。该标题栏显示本节考试所余时间、本节问题的总数、你所做问题的总数。

提前几分钟写完你的答案，留出编辑校对的时间。你应该利用最后的3~5分钟检查自己的回答，看看是否有句子结构问题和语法错误。

1.IndependentWriting题库，事先练习得越多，这一部分越容易获得满分。而且第一部分的成绩如果高了，那么即便第二部分成绩稍微低一点，最终的平均分也不会太低。如果考生想在第一部分获得高分，首先要做的就是熟悉作文考试可能涉及到的话题，反复阅读若干遍，以熟悉所有话题。

2.熟悉指令。

指令一出来就立刻跳过。

仔细阅读问题，一定要答为所问。在开始写作之间，一定要花点时间理解问题，明确要求你做的是什么。

清楚地组织自己的回答。文章结构应包括简介、由简介引伸出来的主体段落和文章结尾。 利用过渡词使你的回答连贯。如果能显示出回答的观点是如何相互关联的，你的回答就更易被读懂、理解。

写任何概括性句子，都要提供论据支持。对任何概括性句子，你都应举出例子、原因、事实或个人信息予以支持。

坚持使用你所知道的词汇、句子结构和语法点。这时不是你尝试新词汇、句子结构和语法点的时候。 注意显示在计算机屏幕上标题栏内的时间。该标题栏显示本节考试所余时间、本节问题的总数、你所做问题的总数。

锡林郭勒托福作文高分技巧解析

托福写作高分技巧：平等相处原则

“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼，托福词汇学习包括男女性别，也要避免区别，以示“平等”。

例如：Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.许多商人觉得工作压力很大。

这句话写businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的，可以改为businesspeople或business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。

当然，一些带有种族偏见的字眼，甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words或slur)，也要尽量避免使用，以免闹出麻烦。例如：

对黑人不要用Negro，更不能用Nigger(用Black还可以)，礼貌的说法是Afro-American或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字)，正确用法是Caucasian，或white people;对犹太人不要用Hymies，应该叫Jewish或Jewish people;对越南人不要用Gook，要用Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人，包括Puerto Rico，正确的用法多是Hispanics或Latins，不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化，倒喜欢别人称Spaniard。

托福写作高分技巧：言简朴实原则

所谓“言简朴实原则”，就是行文不啰嗦，句子应越短越好，托福高分写作技巧：如果一个字能说清楚的，就不要用两个字。

例如：At this point in time，we should pull together for our goal.现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致。

这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”，我们完全可以用now来代替。

In the majority of cases，he likes to ride bike to the office.他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室。

很简单的一句话，完全可以写成He usually likes to ride bike to the office。

平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上，而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词，比如：

Original：

Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind.

Revised:

Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate.

add，kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。add可以指数量上的增加，也可以指程度的加强，对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思，用enrich会使表达更准确。

kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”，厦门托福用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样，原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点，要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。

另外，我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上。

比如：He has had many years of(actual) experience in business。他有多年经商的经验。

actual是多余的，因为experience已经有actual的意味了。

We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio.我们装好收音机的零件。

assemble本身就有together的意思，因此together是多余的。“

在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

1)it句

托福写作高分技巧

一、重申立场

“It is difficult for people to achieve professional success without sacrificing important aspects of afulfilling personal life.”

In conclusion, given the growing demands of career on today’s professionals, a fulfilling personal liferemains possible by working smarter, by setting priorities, and by making suitable career choices.

二、重申立场 总结理由

“Since science and technology are becoming more and more essential to modern society, schoolsshould devote more time to teaching science and technology and less to teaching the arts andhumanities.”

In conclusion, schools should not devote less time to the arts and humanities. These areas of studyaugment and enhance learning in mathematics and science, as well as helping to preserve therichness of our entire human legacy while inspiring us to further it. Moreover, disciplines within thehumanities provide methods and contexts for evaluating the morality of our technology and fordetermining its proper direction.

三、让步 重申立场

“Job security and salary should be based on employee performance, not on years of service.Rewarding employees primarily for years of service discourages people from maintainingconsistently high levels of productivity.”

In the final analysis, the statement correctly identifies job performance as the single best criterionfor salary and job security. However, the statement goes too far, it ignores the fact that a cost-of-living salary increase for tenured employees not only enhances loyalty and, in the end,productivity, but also is required by fairness.

四、重申立场 引申扩展

How far should a supervisor go in criticizing the performance of a subordinate? Some highlysuccessful managers have been known to rely on verbal abuse and intimidation. Do you think thatthis is an effective means of communicating expectations? If not, what alternative should amanager use in dealing with someone whose work is less than satisfactory?

In conclusion, supervisors should avoid using verbal abuse and threats. These methods degradesubordinates, and they are unlikely to produce the best results in the long run. It is morerespectful, and probably more effective overall, to handle cases of substandard work performancewith clear, honest and supportive feedback.

篇2：实例解析如何让托福写作言之有物

托福写作提升丨实例解析如何让写作言之有物

一.托福写作实例解析

题目：Nowadays， food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer。(如今食物变得越来越容易准备。这种变化是不是改善了人们的生活?)

解析：该问题中提供给考生探讨的要点是食物准备方式的改变是否提高生活质量。对此问题，一些考生马上就联想到：食物容易准备节约了时间，并就此给出段落中心词。但结合文章论点稍微深入思考一步就会发现，时间缩短这一项改变虽然是事实，但对于生活质量的影响并不直接，如果作为主要论点给出的话会使读者觉得该支持理由与主题观点并没有直接关联。所以对于这种容易想出但与文章中心关系并不密切的拓展思路就需要能及时舍弃。

二.托福写作提升方法——如何言之有物

1.写作思路剖析

就上面这道题目而言，有的考生注意到了食物准备时间缩短与生活质量改善之间的思路跳跃，因此在两者中间补充说明，食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，从而影响人们的生活质量，构思时觉得该立意比较新颖，又能切合主题，继续写下去不无可能。但真正落笔时却不知道该如何说明人们性情转变这一抽象情况，并且自己平常生活中对此也并无较深入的感受和经验，结果说了一句话拓展就不得不匆匆收尾，导致读者要不就读得“意犹未尽”，要不就干脆觉得“云里雾里”。与其这样，还不如选个常见思路，如：快速的生活节奏造成压力，来展开拓展，这样即能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

2.写作具体展开方法

这其实是托福写作整个构思阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。在整理行文思路时，考生所进行的其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让它们有着各自的特征，又能协调地为同一目的服务。

托福写作辅导提到能够说服读者的议论文，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点虽说要符合一条明线：支持全文观点，但不能在各自的论述层面上有交叉。比如在上题所给的理由中已经列出：快速的生活节奏造成压力，有的考生继续拓展第二支持理由：人们正在沉沦于速食中，丧失享受生活的品位，这两点看上去都与主题相关，并且有各自的中心点，但是稍微拓展就会发现，其实两者都是围绕人们的心理健康这一基本点所进行的思维扩展，与其分开两段来写，还不如先给出影响心理健康这一中心，再分原因和不同情况进行扩展论述。这样即体现了同一段落内部论述的全面性，又避免出现两段中内容及语言的重复表达。

我们通过对一道写作题目具体分析为大家讲解了托福写作提升的方法。托福写作想要提升必须要言之有物，想要言之有物，必须要写出实际的内容来，但是这些都要在贴合主题的前提之下进行。大家在托福写作练习中可以根据上文中提供步骤去剖析题目，展开思路，然后写出具体的文章。

托福写作模板：老师很难既受欢迎又有效教学

题目：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (well-liked) and effective in helping students to learn.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

范文1：Argument 1 (for)

It is very difficult for a popular teacher to really help the students learn to the best of their abilities. Popular teachers are more concerned about their image than about pushing students to do their best. As a result, popular teachers are often too easily distracted from the class content, they make the class too easy, and they focus on the students that respond best.

Popular teachers are invariably very social. They try to show that they are interested and involved in the students’ world by discussing sports, television shows, and other things which are not related to the subject. Although such conversation may be fun for the students, it leaves less time to cover class material. I had a teacher once who was so talkative that he only completed half of the topics on the syllabus. The students like myself who were interested in learning the material had to read the second half of the textbook on our own. Sharing funny anecdotes about his weekend activities, that professor did not effectively teach what needed to be covered.

Another potential problem with popular teachers is the desire to give good grades. If a teacher fails a student, the student invariably is not happy. Therefore, popular teachers often make tests very easy so that students can get high scores. This may satisfy students who don’t care about mastering a subject, but the top students are not challenged or pushed to study and reach a higher level of understanding. Giving everyone good grades does not make the class better; itkeeps the stronger students from testing their limits.

Finally, popular teachers often focus on the students who respond well to their teaching style and keep the class entertaining. They call on those students who answer the questions in a funny way rather than students who address the topic in a thoughtful manner. They may even highlight the accomplishments of a few students during their conversations rather than trying to engage and encourage everyone. As a result, some students feel left out, and may even stop attending class. The unpopular students lose motivation and do not excel because they are ignored in favor of students that cater to the popular teacher.

Popular teachers often do a poor job in helping all students learn because they are more interested in socializing than teaching the class material, they want to give good grades rather than challenge students, and they focus on a few students who like the teacher.

help the students learn to the best of their abilities 帮助学生尽其所能地学习

are often too easily distracted from 经常太容易分心

leave less time to do X 为做X留更少的时间

the second half of X X的后半部分

keep the stronger students from testing their limits 阻止较强的学生去测试他们的极限

left out 被忽视,被遗忘

cater to 迎合

范文2：Argument 2 (against)

Popular teachers can be effective in helping students to learn. In fact, the very reason that some teachers are popular is that they make the information they are presenting interesting, are available to answer questions, and they take an interest in the students’ activities.

The primary role of a teacher is giving information to students. If teachers create appealing programming that relates to the real world, students will pay attention. The teacher is well-likedbecause the students enjoy learning. It is easier for the student to remember the material, too, when it is presented in a fun manner. For example, I will never forget a physics lesson in which we threw eggs into different types of basket. Although some of the alternatives were messy, I still remember how a flexible surface that catches and moves with the egg will absorb the impact of even the strongest throw, so the egg stays intact. I remember the concept because the teacher was good at engaging the students.

Teachers who are not natural showmen can still be popular by being available to answer any question. Teachers who explain in different ways can clarify doubts, making even the toughest lessons understandable. Teachers can be available in different ways, too. Some teachers are willing to interrupt lessons to explain points. They allow students to ask questions at any time so that no one is confused or left behind. Other teachers have an open office policy where students can drop by and ask questions in a one-on-one setting. Whatever method the teacher uses, it can help the students understand the material and perform better.

Finally, popular teachers take an interest in their students. Talking about hobbies or goals may seem detrimental to a solid education, but in reality, it can help the teacher explain concepts in ways that the students can relate to. Once I was having a hard time in a math class. That teacher sat down and asked about my interests, and he got excited to hear I liked quilting. He pulled out some paper and showed how the things we were learning could help with my hobby: I could calculate the yardage for a pattern or proportionately change the design’s size. I realized that his popularity was not just based on his chattiness; he used the students’ hobbies to make math practical and interesting.

Popular teachers gain their popularity by doing the things that help students excel. They come up with creative lessons, are available to answer questions, and take an interest in their students. As a result, popular teachers can be very good at helping students learn.

is well-liked 受欢迎的

the teacher was good at engaging the students 老师擅于吸引学生

natural showmen 天生的表演家

drop by 顺便拜访

in a one-on-one setting 在一对一的环境下

take an interest in X 对X感兴趣

help students excel 帮助学生出类拔萃

托福写作模板：如何提升演讲能力

题目：

After your presentation, which way would you choose to identify your weakness and improve your presentation?

1) reviewing the recording on your own;

2) inviting your colleagues or classmates to make suggestions for improvement.

范文1：For Choice 1

To improve my performance after giving a presentation, it is best to review a recording of it by myself. This process lets me observe all aspects of the presentation, evaluate changes at my own pace, and avoid being defensive.

First, a video recording gives significantly more information than just relying on comments made by colleagues or classmates. I can analyze and improve on even small points that others may not have noticed or found worth mentioning. For example, a couple years ago, I gave a presentation that I had extensively prepared for. It had strong organization and flow. Classmates raved about the content, but mentioned that I looked scared. I was confused, because I had felt confident. However, I noticed in the video later that I was continually fingering my notes. For my next presentation, I placed the notes within view but did not hold them, rendering my appearance more professional.

Another reason I prefer watching a recording is my pace of learning. I can focus on the points I want to redo, replaying the material as often as I want, confirming even tiny details. In fact, I can even take long breaks to think about what I see or to try out alternate delivery styles. I do not have to inconvenience my friends by asking them for feedback or taking up their time. If others are involved in the evaluation process, I feel much more rushed because I do not want to bother people who have agreed to help me.

Finally, reviewing a recording by myself eliminates a serious problem that hinders progress: my pride. I do not like to admit it, but I often get defensive about feedback and want to explain why certain things happened. I feel resentful about negative comments rather than see them as stepping stones towards improvement. It is a natural tendency, but it definitely hinders my ability to assimilate outside feedback. Furthermore, friends try to be polite, so they may not mention minorpoints that I might have improved because they don’t want to seem too critical. Emotions get in the way of a thorough critique.

To improve my future performance, I find it best to review videos of my presentations by myself. I can evaluate all aspects of the presentation, take as much time as I need, and avoid the inevitable problem of emotional involvement swaying the critique.

at my own pace 按照自己的步伐走

rave about the content 对内容赞不绝口

place the notes within view 把笔记放在眼前,把笔记放在视线范围内

inconvenience my friends 麻烦我的朋友

take up their time 占用他们的时间

see them as stepping stones towards improvement 把它们看作是迈向进步的垫脚石

get in the way 妨碍,阻碍

范文2：For Choice 2

It is essential to get the feedback of people in the audience to learn about mistakes and improve on a presentation. Spectator critiques help identify the big picture and reveal points that you can’tsee in an honest, unbiased way.

No matter how impartial you want to be, a self-evaluation is biased. It incorporates points that are not relevant to the performance you gave. For example, you may think you did excellent given your limited practice time or great amount of stress, but your audience is unaware of these factors. The viewers only evaluate what they see, which is a far more accurate measure of a presentation. A self-evaluation may also ignore issues that were “just accidents.” However, such points may reallybe important detractors that need to be addressed.

People in the audience also provide insight into the big picture. They only have time to note specific glaring details or outstanding highlights. Otherwise, their feedback gives you the overallimpression of the performance, which is something intangible and essential to the presentation’ssuccess. If you compare the feedback of several observers, you can isolate the main patterns. As a result, you can understand the most important parts that need changed. If you only refer to a video on your own, you may get caught up changing minor details rather than addressing the key elements that are needed to alter the overall flow or lasting effect.

Finally, classmates or colleagues may identify things you take for granted such as mannerisms, repeated words, or even problems with visual aids. One example is a teacher who gave a presentation using an old slide projector that kept jamming. The teacher apologized when that happened and kept going with the lecture. He had no idea how distracting it was, to the point that students remembered joking about which slide would get stuck next better than they remembered the content. The teacher, however, was so used to fixing the projector that he barely noticed it. The feedback showed him the value of replacing his visual aids with newer equipment, an issue he had never considered was important.

Since an audience gives you honest evaluations of the overall impression of a presentation and identifies points you may not see on your own, it is important to get feedback from people in the audience in order to improve your presentations.

spectator critiques 旁观者的评论

in an honest, unbiased way 以诚实、公正的方式

a far more accurate measure of a presentation 对报告或展示一种更为准确的评价

provide insight into the big picture 洞察全局

glaring details 明显的细节

outstanding highlights 突出的亮点

visual aids 视觉辅助

篇3：托福写作如何让事例更有说服力

托福写作如何让事例更有说服力?这3个举例细节要注意

托福写作举例细节：例子要有丰富细节

想要用好举例这种论述手法，考生首先要考虑的就是例子是否具有说服力。说得简单一些，就是例子本身是否具有可信度，毕竟能让评分老师相信你的例子是真实的，你的论证观点才能站得住脚。那些一眼就能被人看穿是随口胡编乱造出来的例子，显然是无法令人信服的。

那么如何才能让例子更具有说服力呢?最简单的做法就是丰富细节。例子的细节可以包含很多方面，比如人名、时间、地点等等。大家可以想象一下，“我听说某人做过什么事”和“我的朋友小王去年在什么地方做过什么事”，这两种说法哪一个更有说服力和可信度，答案显然是后者。

有些比较耿直的同学可能会说，这不还是在编例子吗?大家要知道，托福独立写作可能出现的话题涉及到的范围很广，考生在有限的备考时间内准备的例子想要完美对应到考试中特定题目的概率很低。考生要做的不是让题目去适应例子，而是通过合理改编让例子能够为题目所用，有效证明自己的论点。哪怕是并非真实的例子，只要能够结合具体的细节描述让其发挥出真实可信的说服作用，那么这个举例就算是成功的了。

托福写作举例细节：例子要和论点结合

例子和论点脱节的问题在托福独立写作的文章中也是比较常见的。这种情况一般是考生虽然准备了一些案例素材，但面对题目却没法找到正好能用得上的素材，于是只能强行把关系不大的例子塞入文章当中。这种做法虽然看似加上了举例论证，但实际上例子本身却没能为观点论证提供帮助，脱离了文章主题。这样的例子除了凑字数以外其实是弊大于利的。

对于这个问题，小编的建议有两个，一个从准备例子素材角度来说，大家需要多准备一些通用性更高，能够匹配适用于各类题目的万能例子。当然这类例子因为缺乏针对性可能会给评分官老生常谈cliche的印象，但至少能够保证其发挥出应有的举例论证说服效果，是较为稳妥的积累储备论证素材的思路。

另一个建议是从临场应变的角度出发，充分发挥出同一个事例在不同话题不同角度下的作用。比如某位名人辍学创业发家致富的事迹，既可以在教育类话题中作为探讨高等教育价值的实例，从高等教育并不能保证未来事业成功的角度来使用，也可以在个人选择类话题中用来证明敢于做出选择的人才能获得成功的论点。同样的一个例子，能否在考生手里被玩出不同的花样来，就完全取决于考生的思维灵活性和临场应变的能力了。

托福写作举例细节：举完例子要闭环

在如今的工作流程中，闭环这个概念是经常被强调的，也就是做完一件事情需要做好收尾工作。而在托福写作举例当中，闭环也同样是需要做好的。大家可能会觉得托福写作举例就是先列出个观点，然后甩出个例子就完事了。实际上这里还欠缺了一个重要的步骤，那就是闭环。

具体来讲，考生举例是为了论证某个观点。在写完例子后，大家其实还需要在多写上一句话来重申或是强调一下例子和论点之间的关系。这样才能进一步拉近例子和论点之间的距离，提出两者之间的关联性，从而形成一个较为完整的论述段落。

举例来讲，考生提出一个分论点是养宠物能够提升人们的生活质量，之后举了一个具体的例子来进行证明。而在举例之后，大家也需要写上：由此可见/因此，养宠物的确是能够提升生活质量的。注意在举例之后的闭环句式，将会让你的例子更好地发挥作用，也能让整体论述更为通顺流畅。

托福写作：题库范文附思路解析

1. Doing work: by hand or using machines? Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer using machines. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

『分析』分情况。有些事情适合用手做，比如：洗衣服：有些人就喜欢用手洗衣服(wash clothes)，而不用洗衣机(laundry machine)。写字：不用电脑，而坚持用笔，基本上只有50岁以上的人才干得出来。很多的事情只能手工去作(举例);而另外也有很多事情只能用机器去做(举例)。还有一些事情要二者结合才可以，比如统计工作。搜集数据(collect data)，往往更依赖人工(manual work);数据处理(data processing/manipulating)，最好由计算机完成。相关题目：[140]

『范文』 Some people like doing work by hand. Others prefer to use machines. I definitely fall into the latter category. I use a machine for almost all of the work I do. The reasons why I prefer to use machines are that most hand work is tedious, machines are faster and more efficient, and I am more proficient with most machines. Two things that I spend a copious amount of time doing are writing and sewing. Both of these endeavors border on pain if I do not have a computer or a sewing machine, respectively. What was once a fun task becomes very monotonous, and no longer enjoyable. Using a machine can turn ordinary tasks into exciting ones. Using machines to do work is also much faster and more efficient than using your hands to do it. For example, if I wrote this essay by hand, rather than using the computer, it would probably take me at least five times as long. Hand sewing a shirt would take ten times longer than using a machine to do the same work. Not only are machines faster and more efficient, I am much more proficient using machines than I am doing the same work by hand. I find that when I am sewing by hand, all of my seams are very uneven and crooked. However, when I sew on a machine, my seams are perfect. The machine helps to keep my hand in line, therefore I can turn out a much better product. It is the same for writing essays. My handwriting is messy at times. If I had written a paper, I cannot correct it as easily as if I had written it on the computer. My writing blurs together, and sometimes I cannot even read what I have written down. Machines are definitely a better way for me to work efficiently, proficiently, and enjoyably. 102. Should schools ask students to evaluate their teachers? Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

2. 『分析』有保留地同意 (agree with reservations)。学生在评判教师时，是否全部学生都可以客观评价(objective evaluation)?是否有足够的能力(包括academic knowledge等等)去进行客观评价? 如果采取了这样的方式，就会出现老师迎合(cater to/ pander to/ play up to students' taste)学生而不是引导 (guide; lead)学生，违背了教育的原则。保留意见/这种方式：允许学生进行评价，但是应该作为一个参考，同时要有其他的评判方式。参见：[97]

『范文』 Teachers have a very difficult job in society. They not only have to learn how to teach material effectively, but also must learn how to deal with a wide variety of personalities. While teaching is a difficult job, I think it is important for schools to ask students to evaluate their teachers. I think this is the right thing to do because it encourages teachers to try their best, it gives students the opportunity to choose effective teachers, and it allows the schools to have the best teachers possible teaching. If a teacher knows that at the end of the term, the students will be evaluating his/her work, then the teacher will be driven to do a very good job. If there is no pressure from evaluation, a teacher might be prone to doing a less than perfect job. I believe that everyone needs an occasional evaluation to ensure they are doing their job correctly. In the case of a teacher, the students will give the most important evaluations. If there was a public summary of which teacher scored the highest on his/her evaluations, then students would be able to take courses based on which teacher was the best at the job. This would allow students to excel in their studies, and achieve better grades. Finally, if schools ask students to evaluate their teachers, the schools themselves would be able to have the best teachers working on campus. If a teacher scored too low on an evaluation, a replacement could be found. This is a much better method than waiting for students to complain about a teacher. Teachers do have a difficult job, but regardless of this, they must excel at it. If a person is a particularly poor teacher, the students will not learn the required material, and suffer for it.

3. The most important characteristic that a person can have to be successful in life In your opinion, what is the most important characteristic (for example, honesty, intelligence, a sense of humor) that a person can have to be successful in life? Use specific reasons and examples from your experience to explain your answer. When you write your answer, you are not limited to the examples listed in the question. 参见：[15]、[27]

『范文』 To be successful in life, one should have the characteristic of independence, that is, he/she has the ability to think critically. By critical thinking, one is capable of analyzing insightfully, concentrating on the right target, thereby making a wise decision. Thinking critically can enable one to analyze problems insightfully. We live in a world where controversial issues are often simply taken for granted. For example, most people are reluctant to think carefully about issues like whether boys and girls should take separate classes. Recently a high school in Beijing announced that their students from then on take separate classes. Many parents support such ridiculous decision without careful consideration. They are poor thinkers. Critical thinking is but to ask some simple yet essential questions, which always brings amazing sometimes appalling outcomes. Is such a scheme capable of eliminating underage sexual behaviors among adolescents? Is such a scheme guarantee boys and girls free of negative effects? Sadly, the decision had been made but the question left unanswered. Thinking critically can help one concentrate on right targets. We all have only and exactly 24 hours a day, but we often have mountainous work to do in hands, along with which many personal affairs seem equally urgent. Concentrating on right targets is probably the only way to overcome such dilemmas. For example, ETS has recently announced that GRE examination will be transformed back to paper based test. Grumbles are all around, and complains are posted almost on every BBS on the Internet. But if students think critically, however, they will find out the simple fact that even if ETS had made an awkward decision, test preparers should concentrate on the right target—preparing test as prudently as possible, and at the same time, grumbling never helps. Only by thinking critically can one make decisions wise and prudent. Sound decision making is essential to success. Decisions such as which movie theater we should go tonight are simple enough to make by tossing a coin, but decisions such as which university or which major we should choose are complicated enough so that we need careful comparisons. A comparison sheet will help a lot, simply by listing several relevant questions such as “Am I really interested in this major?” or “Are there more opportunities in the city where the university locates?” By analyzing insightfully and concentrating on the right targets, wise decisions are not hard to reach at all.

4. Artists' contribution or scientists' contribution, which is more valuable? It is generally agreed that society benefits from the work of its members. Compare the contributions of artists to society with the contributions of scientists to society. Which type of contribution do you think is valued more by your society? Give specific reasons to support your answer.

『分析』不要急于选择;一定要进行比较陈述科学家做出的贡献陈述艺术家做出的贡献在不同的时期(比如战争时期vs和平时期)，二者做出的贡献不同。参见：范文

『范文』 Art and science are essentially a strange coupling. Yet more often than not, they are considered as divergent rather than consistent with each other. The artist employs image and metaphor; the scientist uses number and equation. By casual juxtaposition, these two fields seem to have little in common: there are few, if any, references to art in any standard textbook of science; art historians rarely interpret an artist's work in light of the conceptual framework of science. Despite what appear to be irreconcilable differences, however, they do have at least one thing in common—both of them have significant contribution to the society, but through probably distinctive way. The development of science and technology has always accompanied the progress of the society. The invention of the steam engine brought a new era of thrift of world economy; the employment of electricity has multiplied the productivity and virtually reproduced limited resources on the Earth; the innovation of computer technologies has made the Earth a little village and connected distant countries as a single market. While sometimes the progress of science and technology, such as that of human cloning, cause troubles or originate dilemmas, it seems always undeniable that in a broad sense, the development of science has provided people a much higher standard of living than that of their counterparts in any phrase of the history. Visualization and fascination have been the major power of any form of art. For example, any' religion in this world cannot exist without music, which helps realize the faith of the church to an astonishing extent. Each and every revolution on this earth was accompanied by numerous corresponding art productions, because the artists sense the circumstances, and then reflect their sensations with sophisticated techniques in their production, which can be easily perceived by the public through powerful empathy. Nobody could evaluate art as correct or not standard, needless to say the public, they simply feel it is good or not, therefore art has always had magic influence on the public and society in general. However, it's been said that there is no science without fancy and no art without facts. Science fictions have long been functioning as a major vehicle for the public dissemination of science; scientists share parallel view of space, time and light, etc. with artists. Not only are art and science interrelated with each other but they also contribute to each other in various way. Therefore, it is hard to compare the contributions of art and science, it is simply partial to say that either one contributes more to the society than another does.

5. Living in university housing or in an apartment in the community? Students at universities often have a choice of places to live. They may choose to live in university dormitories, or they may choose to live in apartments in the community. Compare the advantages of living in university housing with the advantages of living in an apartment in the community. Where would you prefer to live? Give reasons for your preference.

『分析』一定要进行比较。住在宿舍的优缺点：便宜(不用付或者付很少的租金;很少的交通费用);方便;但是可能不自由自己租房子住的优缺点：自由;安静;干净;但是费用高 (也许合租的话，就会便宜很多)。根据自己的情况进行选择

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