这次小编给大家整理了托福阅读出题点分析：格外关注8类语言现象，本文共8篇，供大家阅读参考，也相信能帮助到您。本文原稿由网友“布鲁鼓斯ガゥガ”提供。
篇1：托福阅读出题点分析：格外关注8类语言现象
托福阅读出题点分析：格外关注8类语言现象
一、要注意列举和并列句
列举指的是： First, Second, Third, 等逐条列出。并列句是指：A, B and C, 即逐项列出。它们共同的特征是列出二点或三点以上的条目。该类型语言点常考的题型是“细节性问题”，主要有两种：
1. Which 题型：该题型只要求从并列的三顶中选一项作为答案，其它条目与题目无关。在这种情况下，往往题目的答案出自 后一个选项 。
2 . EXCEPT 题型：该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目 4 个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合，题目便是要求选出这个不符合文章内容的选项。例如：All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT ?这种题型只适合于考并列、列举句，这是因为它要求其三个选项一定是文章中出现的，也就是并列或列举之处。利用这一特点.我们在读文章的时候就可多留意，如看到并列、列举句，可预想其有可能被考到;如发现题目中有“三缺一”题型，则应到并列、列举处找答案。
二、要注意否定及转折句
否定句是指带有 NO 或 NOT、NEVER 等否定词的句子，而转折句则指带有 HOWEVER、BUT 或 RATHER 等关联词引导的句子，它们可以用下面的句型说明： A is not B， as C， but is D。对于以上的句型常出“推断性问题”。
三、注意举例句
句中由 as 或 such as、for example 等引导的短语或句子为举例句，常考“推断性问题”和“细节性问题”。上面句型中的 as C 为插入的举例句。
四、特别注意数字与年代
文中的数字、年代、日期等常常是出题者注意的考题点。
五、高级及绝对性词汇的出现
文章中若出现 must、all、only、anyone、always、never 等绝对性词汇或 first、most beautiful 等 高级词汇，往往是考题要点，一般出“细节性题目”。这是因为它们都有一个共同的特点，那就是 概念绝对 ， 答案唯一 ，无论是出题还是做题，不会产出歧义和疑问，因此很容易出题，答案绝对正确。相反地，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 为相对性词汇，如果我们出这样一道题：What color hats did some people choose? 那么就没有唯一正确的答案，因为有可能为 red、green 或 blue，给评卷带来困难。
六、比较级及比喻的出现
如果文中含有 more than 或 as、like (a fly)等句型，则为比较级或比喻句结构，往往也是考题点，一般出“推断性题目”。
七、注意同位语及插入语
文章中带有由 that is、i.e.、or 等词汇引导的名词词组，放在一个名词后面，为同位语;插入语是指副词、不定式、分词、从句等结构故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修饰整个句子、表达作者感情的语法结构。 这些用逗号隔开的持殊结构往往也是考查的重点，一般会出“细节性题目”。
八、因果句要注意
句中若有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：
(1) 因果连词： because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently 等
(2) 表示因果的动词： cause, result in, originate from 等
托福阅读：解题方法
1、题型——注重解题方法
托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，
比如：
The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows aroundthe fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order toprotect the crops。
这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deerwere gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。
再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。
在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如TPO6中的InfantileAmnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third…那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行TPO练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。
2、主题——增加背景知识
有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的89不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Straitof Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic,opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into theMediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when theMediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades ofwater from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments andfaulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by waterfrom the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened theStrait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. Thecascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were notas spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting thatoccurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to thoseseas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and thecreation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterraneanwere connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades ofwater between them。
原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：theStrait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into theMediterranean。接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as,非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a resultof crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Straitof Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!
托福阅读练习题：过度安静综合症
我们描述某个地方特别安静的时候，通常会说“安静得连针掉到地上的声音都能听到”。英语中也用类似的表达。如果说某个地方，尤指办公室，特别安静，我们就可以说这地方有pin-drop syndrome(过度安静综合症)。
Pin-drop syndrome describes extreme quietness in an office, which leads to worker stress because the significance of even the smallest noises is magnified.
Pin-drop syndrome(字面意思为“掉针综合症”)描述的是办公室内极度安静的状况，在此状况下，员工感受到的压力可能会更大，因为任何微小的声音都有可能被放大。由此，pin-drop syndrome也可译为“过度安静综合症”。
According to the experts, too-quiet offices are a growing problem. Almost complete silence in office is unhealthily stressful. It may make workers feel lonely and, on the rare occasions when the silence was shattered by the telephone, all the workers would down pens to eavesdrop on the conversation.
专家表示，过度安静的办公室环境成为日渐突出的一个问题。完全安静的办公环境会产生过大压力，会让员工感觉孤单。以至于当这种安静被电话铃声打破之时，所有员工都会放下手中的工作偷听这通来电。
篇2：细数托福阅读6大热门出题点
细数托福阅读6大热门出题点
1. 主题段和主题句关键词
托福阅读文章中的主题段和主题句是每一个段落的主题，也是文章的要点，都是参与搭建文章结构的，因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息，而且阅读文章后面的题目大都是根据主题而出，考生在解答题目的时候，可以快速根据主题句找到对应的段落。
2. 时间线索和数字数据
一般来说，出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的。因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象，否则考生都需要把数字记录下来。
3. 人名地名以及专有名词
人名、地名以及专有名词出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记，非常有利于信息索引和定位。当提到这几个具体的概念时，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点，因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。
4. 举例内容的主体部分
有的时候，为了说明某些理论和观点，文章中会出现大段的举例文字。实际上，托福阅读考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速记录的笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略。
5. 新概念和核心概念
所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现，说明之前出现的概念已经不能够说明问题。所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。
6. 重要的逻辑关系链
很多考生在托福阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确，这也是一种严重的错误。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。记录逻辑关系也可以帮助考生更加清晰地理清段落之间的关系。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States was responsible for sweeping changes in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts. Its focus on decorative arts helped to induce United States museums and private collectors to begin collecting furniture, glass, ceramics, metalwork, and textiles in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century. The importance now placed on attractive and harmonious home decoration can also be traced to this period, when Victorian interior arrangements were revised to admit greater light and more freely flowing spaces.
The Arts and Crafts Movement reacted against mechanized processes that threatened handcrafts and resulted in cheapened, monotonous merchandise. Founded in the late nineteenth century by British social critics John Ruskin and William Morris, the movement revered craft as a form of art. In a rapidly industrializing society, most Victorians agreed that art was an essential moral ingredient in the home environment, and in many middle- and working-class homes craft was the only form of art, Ruskin and his followers criticized not only the degradation of artisans reduced to machine operators, but also the impending loss of daily contact with handcrafted objects, fashioned with pride, integrity, and attention to beauty.
In the United States as well as in Great Britain, reformers extolled the virtues of handcrafted objects: simple, straightforward design; solid materials of good quality; and sound, enduring construction techniques. These criteria were interpreted in a variety of styles, ranging from rational and geometric to romantic or naturalistic. Whether abstract, stylized, or realistically treated, the consistent theme in virtually all Arts and Crafts design is nature.
The Arts and Crafts Movement was much more than a particular style; it was a philosophy of domestic life. Proponents believed that if simple design, high-quality materials, and honest construction were realized in the home and its appointments, then the occupants would enjoy moral and therapeutic effects. For both artisan and consumer, the Arts and Crafts doctrine was seen as a magical force against the undesirable effects of industrialization.
1. The passage primarily focuses on nineteenth-century arts and crafts in terms of which of the following?
(A) Their naturalistic themes
(B) Their importance in museum collections
(C) Their British origin
(D) Their role in an industrialized society
2. According to the passage , before the nineteenth century, artisans were thought to be
(A) defenders of moral standards
(B) creators of cheap merchandise
(C) skilled workers
(D) artists
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the Arts and Crafts Movement would have considered
all of the following to be artists EXCEPT
(A) creators of textile designs
(B) people who produce handmade glass objects
(C) operators of machines that automatically cut legs for furniture
(D) metalworkers who create unique pieces of jewelry
4. The word revered in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) respected
(B) described
(C) avoided
(D) created
5. According to paragraph 2, the handcrafted objects in the homes of middle- and working-class
families usually were
(A) made by members of the family
(B) the least expensive objects in their homes
(C) regarded as being morally uplifting
(D) thought to symbolize progress
6. The word extolled in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) exposed
(B) praised
(C) believed
(D) accepted
7. The author mentions all of the following as attributes of handcrafted objects EXCEPT
(A) the pride with which they were crafted
(B) the complexity of their design
(C) the long time that they lasted
(D) the quality of their materials
8. The word consistent in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) conservative
(B) considerable
(C) constant
(D) concrete
9. According to the passage , which of the following changes occurred at the same time as the
Arts and Crafts Movement?
(A) The creation of brighter and more airy spaces inside homes
(B) The rejection of art that depicted nature in a realistic manner
(C) A decline of interest in art museum collections
(D) An increase in the buying of imported art objects
10. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?
(A) Private collectors in the nineteenth century concentrated on acquiring paintings.
(B) The Arts and Crafts Movement in the United States, unlike the one in Britain, did not react
strongly against mechanized processes.
(C) Handcrafted objects in the United States and Britain in the nineteenth century did not use
geometric designs.
(D) The Arts and Crafts Movement believed in the beneficial effect for people from being
surrounded by beautiful objects.
PASSAGE 50 DCCAC BBCAD
篇3：托福阅读5个重要出题点罗列指点
托福阅读重要出题点：主题段和主题句的关键词
托福阅读考试文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的，因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。
篇4：托福阅读5个重要出题点罗列指点
有的时候，为了说明某些理论和观点，文章中会出现大段的举例文字。
实际上TOEFL考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略。
托福阅读重要出题点：新概念和局部核心概念
所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。
托福阅读重要出题点：重要的逻辑关系
很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确，这也是一种严重的错误。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。
篇5：托福阅读5个重要出题点罗列指点
一般来说，出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象，考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。
托福背景阅读之风靡美国的煎饼
Jian bing, a form of grilled savory crepe with stuffing, is a popular dish in North China. The mung-bean-and-millet crepe is often made on a well-heated pan. Freshly scrambled egg, pickled vegetables, scallions, cilantro, black bean paste, chili sauce and a crispy fried crackers (the secret that adds a crunch to the crepe) are added on the crepe and rolled up. Often sold by street vendors, Jian bing is a popular choice for breakfast for on-the-go commuters.
煎饼，是一种包有内馅儿的咸味煎薄饼，它在中国北方广受欢迎。在烧得滚热的案板上，摊开绿豆和小米面糊烙成面饼，在面饼上打一个鸡蛋，撒上泡菜、大葱、香菜，涂上豆瓣酱、辣椒酱，然后放上一块薄脆(让煎饼酥脆的秘密)，再卷起来。煎饼通常是大街小巷的小贩在卖，它是许多赶着上班的通勤族最爱的早餐。
Alisa Grandy, the owner of Bing Mi!, fell in love with the snack when she returned to Portland from her trip in China.
艾丽莎•格兰迪是Bing Mi的店主，在她从中国旅游回到波特兰以后，她对煎饼的爱就一发不可收拾。
“When she got back from China, that's all she would talk about,” says her husband Neal. Grandy spent months perfecting the right mix of ingredients to recreate the exact taste she enjoyed in China. Six months later, the couple opened a store. Business is good, as they've already got two crepe-makers on back order.
她的丈夫尼尔称“自打她从中国回来以后，她成天都在谈论煎饼”。后来格兰迪花了好几个月，专门研究煎饼的原料和配方，以复制她在中国尝过的那种味道。六个月后，夫妇俩开了家店。生意非常红火，两个煎饼师傅都忙不过来。
Bing Mi! sells a piece of jian bing for $6. In fact, it is the only item that they sell. According to Grandy's husband, Chinese customers nostalgic for the taste of home have given their compliments.
Bing Mi!的煎饼每个售价6美元。事实上，他们只卖煎饼。格兰迪的丈夫称，因思乡而来品尝故乡味道的中国顾客称赞了他们做的煎饼。
托福阅读背景之“安妮·海瑟薇综合症”
When you work hard, when that work is awarded, when your body and beauty match societal standards, when you check every box, and still everyone tells you you're doing it wrong, that's Anne Hathaway Syndrome.
当你辛勤工作，当你付出的努力获得了认可，当你的身材和美貌已符合大众标准，当你做到十全十美时，每个人却都告诉你，你的所作所为都是错的，这就是安妮·海瑟薇综合症。
对于完美如她却如此招恨的原因，各界众说纷纭：
Hathaway could simply be a victim of what the British call “tall poppy syndrome” — the bloom that pokes above the others is the first to get cut, according to The New York Times.
据《纽约时报》分析，海瑟薇可能只是英国人所说的“高罂粟花综合征”的受害者——长得最高的花是第一个被摘掉的。
“We love authenticity, that's why we have a billion reality shows,” said Neal Gabler, an author of several best-selling books on Hollywood culture and history. “And here comes Anne Hathaway. Everything she does seems managed, calculated or rehearsed. Her inauthenticity - or the feeling of her inauthenticity - is now viral.”
写过好几部关于好莱坞文化历史畅销书的尼尔·加布勒表示：“我们都热爱真实，这就是为什么我们有那么多的真人秀。而现在来说说安妮·海瑟薇，她做的每件事似乎都是精心策划、经过计算或事先排练过的。她的不真实——或者说她给人的不真实的感觉——是如今的大忌。
No one, it should be noted, accuses her of doing anything wrong. Rather, Hathaway seems to have become a mirror for our own inadequacies, said Sarah Nicole Prickett, a writer for Vice and The New Inquiry, a culture and commentary site. “It's not really Anne Hathaway I 'hate,'” she said. “It's all the lesser, real-life Anne Hathaways I have known — princessy, theater-schooled girls who have no game and no sex appeal and eat raisins for dessert.”
Vice网站和文化与评论网站The New Inquiry的撰稿人莎拉·妮科尔·普里克特称，必须指出的是，没人认为她做错了什么。相反，海瑟薇似乎成了一面照亮我们不足的镜子。“其实我‘讨厌’的不是安妮·海瑟薇，而是我认识的所有那些不那么优秀的、更真实的安妮·海瑟薇——那些上过戏剧学校的、公主般的女孩，她们没有心计，不性感，把葡萄干当甜点。”
“Why Do Women Hate Anne Hathaway (But Love Jennifer Lawrence)?” Ann Friedman asked on New York magazine's fashion and women's issues blog, The Cut. “We simply don't find successful 'perfect' women all that likable,” she wrote, adding that women prefer sassy best-friend types like Jennifer Lawrence, with her Oscar-night podium stumbles and self-effacing jokes about Spanx and cheese steaks.
“为什么女人讨厌安妮·海瑟薇却喜爱詹妮弗·劳伦斯呢?”安·弗里德曼在《纽约》杂志关于时尚和女性话题的博客The Cut中这样问道。“我们只是觉得成功、‘完美’的女人不那么可爱，”她写道。她又补充说，女人更喜欢活泼的、闺蜜型的女人，比如詹妮弗·劳伦斯，她在奥斯卡领奖台上摔倒以及关于塑身裤和奶酪牛排的谦逊笑话都显得那么可爱。
篇6：托福阅读难懂语法点分析
托福阅读难懂语法点分析 5大类后置定语举例说明
什么是托福阅读中的后置定语?
托福阅读中后置定语，顾名思义分为后置和定语两个部分。后置也就是此种短语出现的位置是在名词之后，定语就是起到修饰限定作用的短语，注意是短语而不是句子，本质上相当于形容词。所以后置定语就是放在名词的后面起到限定修饰作用的短语。
托福阅读后置定语第一类
形容词做后置定语。如：fossil available.即为可用的化石。
托福阅读后置定语第二类
介词短语做后置定语。如lava on the surface，中 on the surface介词短语修饰lava，表示为表面上的熔岩。
托福阅读后置定语第三类
现在分词短语做后置定语。如the blood vessels carrying cooled blood.中的carrying cooled blood就是现在分词短语用来修饰限定the blood vessels，理解为运载着凉的血液的血管。
托福阅读后置定语第四类
过去分词短语做后置定语，the gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability中的caused by its diminished ability就是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰the gradual drying of the soil，理解为减少的能力导致的土壤的干燥。
托福阅读后置定语第五类
不定式短语做后置定语。the ability to absorb water中to absorb water限定修饰 the ability，理解为吸收水的能力。
托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：The question of why infantile...
托福阅读长难句实例
The question of why infantile amnesia occurs has intrigued psychologists for decades, especially in light of ample evidence that infants and young children can display impressive memory capabilities.
句子分析
本句的主语是the question，谓语动词是has intrigued。在主语the question of后有why引导的从句作介词of的宾语，也就是宾语从句。而in light of ample evidence在本句中是介词短语作状语，意思是“根据充分的证据”，evidence后则是that引导的同位语从句，用来表明证据的具体内容。
词汇分析
infantile表示“婴儿的”。
amnesia指的是“遗忘症”。
intrigue作动词，通常表示“引起…的好奇心(或兴趣);迷住”，比如：Hibernation has long intrigued biologists. 冬眠长期以来一直引起生物学家们的兴趣。She was intrigued by his story. 她被他的故事迷住了。
ample作形容词，表示“足够的，充裕的”，是托福阅读词汇题所考查过的单词，与“plentiful”意思相近，它可以修饰证据、用量、收入等，比如：ample evidence 充分的证据，ample supple 充足的供给量， ample pay 高收入。
句子翻译
“为什么会发生婴儿期遗忘症”这个问题在数十年里已经引起了心理学家们的兴趣，尤其是有充分的证据表明：婴幼儿表现出令人惊讶的记忆能力。
托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：This was justified by the view...
托福阅读长难句实例
This was justified by the view that reflective practice could help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching and enable them to cope with the paucity of scientific fact and the uncertainty of knowledge in the discipline of teaching.
句子分析
本句的主句是This was justified by the view...，表示“后面的观点证明前面的事情是合理的”。什么观点呢?由the view that引导的同位语从句来作进一步的阐述，同位语从句中的谓语动词分别是could help和enable，彼此由and并列连接。
词汇分析
reflective表示“反思的”，比如：in a reflective mood 思潮起伏。
intellectually有“智力地;理智地”意思，这里表示“理智地融入到他们的角色和工作中去”。
enable sb. to do sth.意思是“使……能够……”，是写作可以借鉴的词组，比如：Money from her aunt enabled Jane to buy the house. 阿姨给简的钱使她能够买下那幢房子。
paucity表示“缺乏”，作名词，比如：the paucity of imagination 缺乏想象力，a paucity of information 缺乏信息。
句子翻译
这被认为是合理的，反思的实践可以帮助老师们更加理智地融入到他们的角色和工作中去，并让他们在学科教学中能够应对科学事实的缺乏和知识的不确定性。
托福阅读长难句实战向分析演练：Importing the grain...
托福阅读长难句实例
Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.
句子分析
本句主句的主语是importing the grain，谓语动词有两个，分别是kept和stimulated。主语importing the grain之后有which引导的定语从句，修饰前面的the grain。本句被简化后的主要意思应该是：Importing the grain kept sth. and thus stimulated sth.
词汇分析
consume作动词，表示“摄取(食物，饮料);消耗(资源);消费(商品，服务)”，是托福阅读词汇题考查过的单词，类似于“eat up, use up”的意思，比如：They have consumed all the hot dogs and hamburgers. 他们已经把热狗和汉堡包统统都吃光了。She consumes much of her time in watching TV. 她把很多时间花在看电视上。time consuming表示“耗时间的”，比如：Working on this project is a very time-consuming process. 做这个项目是一个很耗时间的过程。
stimulate作动词，表示“刺激”，stimulate the growth/the demand/the economy，都是写作可以经常使用的词组，表示“刺激增长/需求/经济”。stimulate还表示“激励”，比如：An inspiring teacher can stimulate students to succeed. 一个富有启发性的教师可以激励学生取得成功。
句子翻译
荷兰人自己生产这些粮食既昂贵且费时，而进口粮食使得粮食价格保持在低价，也因此刺激了个人对其他食物以及消费商品的需求。
篇7：细数托福阅读6大类出题点信息应对技巧
细数托福阅读6大类出题点信息应对技巧
1、重要的逻辑关系(relation)
很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确(incorrect)，这也是一种严重的错误(mistake)。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免(avoid)考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。
2、新概念和局部核心概念
所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现(appearance)，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意(pay attention to)，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的(emphasized)。
3、时间和数字(number)
一般来说，出现时间概念的文章(essay)或段落通常和时间顺序(order)有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索(clue)。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的(ignored)，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象(phenomenon)，考生都需要把数字记录(record)下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题(question)，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式(form)，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。
4、主题段和主题句的关键词(key words)
TOEFL文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的，因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息(information)也会包含在这部分内容中。
5、人名、地名和专有名词(proper noun)
这些概念在文章中出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记(sign)，非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外，当提到这几个具体的概念时(concept)，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点(opinion)，因此记录下这些概念对于理解相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。
6、举例主体
有的时候，为了说明某些理论和观点，文章中会出现大段的举例文字。
实际上(in fact)，TOEFL考试中考查这些例子具体内容(specific content)的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因(reason)或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略(omit)。
托福(TOEFL)考试阅读模拟试题
Hormones in the Body
Up to the beginning of the twentieth century, the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior. Scientists had determined that nerves ran, essentially, on electrical impulses. These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought, emotion, movement, and internal processes such as digestion. However, experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin, which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach, eventually challenged that view. From the small intestine, secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas. There, it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals. In this fashion, the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ, the pancreas.
Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system; Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone. This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin, taking it from the Greek word hormon, meaning “to excite” or “to set in motion.” A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.
As more hormones were discovered, they were categorized, primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body. Some glands (which make up the endocrine system) secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary. The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream, primarily for digestion. The pancreas is one such organ, although it secretes some chemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.
Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery. Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death. The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track: They modify moods and affect human behavior, even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary. Hormonal systems are very intricate. Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite, calm aggression, and change the attitude of a parent toward a child. Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body, regulating growth and form; others may even define an individual's personality characteristics. The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
In fact, some hormone therapies are already very common. A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age. Known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones. At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer. HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots-dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels-will form. Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence, recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.
Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own. Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it. Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process. Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.
27. The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) desire
(B) origin
(C) science
(D) chemical
28. The word it in the passage refers to
(A) secretin
(B) small intestine
(C) bloodstream
(D) pancreas
29. The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) remembered
(B) surprised
(C) invented
(D) motivated
30. To be considered a hormone, a chemical produced in the body must
(A) be part of the digestive process
(B) influence the operations of the nervous system
(C) affect processes in a different part of the body
(D) regulate attitudes and behavior
31. The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to
(A) whether scientists understand their function
(B) how frequently they release hormones into the body
(C) whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process
(D) whether they secrete chemicals into the blood
Paragraph 3 is marked with an arrow [→]
32. The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) misunderstood
(B) precise
(C) significant
(D) simple
33. The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) sudden
(B) small
(C) changing
(D) noticeable
34. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
(A) Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.
(B) Because the effects of hormones are difficult to measure, scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.
(C) When the body is not producing enough hormones, urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.
(D) The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure, but they can affect both people's psychology and actions extensively.
35. The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to
(A) decreased
(B) advertised
(C) prescribed
(D) researched
36. Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?
(A) Adults of smaller statue than normal
(B) Adults with strong digestive systems
(C) Children who are not at risk from the treatment
(D) Children who may remain abnormally small
37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?
These sentences are highlighted in the passage.
(A) The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age, so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.
(B) A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings, sudden changes in body temperature, and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.
(C) HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots-dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels-will form.
(D) Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body, such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.
38. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine, however, and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren't aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.
39. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.
Answer Choices
The term hormone is based on a Greek word that means “to excite” or “to set in motion.”Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.
Hormones can be given artificially, but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.
Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but also certain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.
Answer Keys
Reading:
27. B
28. A
29. D
30. C
31. D
32. C
33. B
34. D
35. A
36. D
37. A
38. third square
39.1) Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….
2) Hormones can affect not only life processes…..
3) Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of ….
篇8：托福阅读热点易错题型出题形式和解题思路盘点分析
托福阅读热点易错题型出题形式和解题思路盘点分析
托福阅读主旨题介绍
主旨题有三种：A、作者的意图;B、文章标题;C、文章的中心思想。这种题一般为第一道题，建议考生把这道题放在最后做，因为做其他题时，考生会逐步了解文章的各个细节，在做题的过程中就会对文章个总的理解，最后处理主旨题可谓水到渠成、万无一失。
托福阅读列举题分析
列举题有两种：A、一正三误;B、三正误。也可分为四类。第一类：一句话列举。根据某个选项的语言提示，回归文章找到一句话，这句话包含三个选项的内容;第二类：局部列举。根据题意，回归文章发现连续两三句话涉及三个选项的内容;第三类：段落列举。题干语言在某自然段首句重现。这个句子为段落主题句，即三个选项的内容在这段出现，不涉及到其他段落;第四类：文章列举。选项内容涉及整个文章。一句话列举题和段落列举题有明显的信号词帮助答题，根据题序做题，不必区别对待。文章列举题和局部列举题则应放其他题做完之后再处理。
托福阅读文章结论题讲解
文章结论题即根据文章可以推断出下面哪个选项结论是正确的，题干没有任何语言信号词。这种题有以下几种布局：为文章第一道题时，相当于文章主旨题，应放在最后一道题时，有可能针对文章最后部分，也有可能针对整篇文章，但不大可能涉及文章其他部分的细节。所以文章结论题应该具体情况具体分析，并不一定是面对整个文章。
托福阅读作者态度题解读
作者态度题分为两种：A、局部作者态度题;B、整体作者态度题。文章最后一道题问及作者态度时为整体作者态度题，它涉及通篇文章，要根据整个文章数个语言点串起来的一根主线答题，也就是作者行文的口气。考生千万不可以根据某一个语言点答题，因为整体作者态度题不是考核某一个点，而是考整体感觉。局部作者态度题位置比较灵活，往往问及作者对文章中某一个具体内容的看法，题干通常信号请将考生带回文章某一区域，考查考生对某个语言点的理解。有时候，某个选项从作者的表达相悖，因此，做作者态度题时，考生一定注意不要把自己作为读者的分析、观点强加于作者。
托福阅读文章结构题解析
文章结构题三种：A、文章前面的段落内容是什么?B、文章下面接着将要讲什么?C、文章组织结构是什么?推断文章前面的内容立足于文章首句，因为文章首句承上启下，尤其注意首句中诸如this、so、other than之类的结构词。预测下文的内容则分两步走：第一、读文章每段首句，文章每段首句表示文章内容的逻辑走向。如果文章讲述某一事物的两个阶段或方面，下文将介绍这一事物的第三个阶段或方面。我们把预测下文内容的题称之为坐标题，即竖看文章每段首句，横看文章最后一句，其他句子是文章所讲内容，而不是下面将要讲的内容，往往选项干扰来自文章所讲内容。至于文章的组织结构题，只需要读文章每段首句即可，因为这些句子是文章框架。
三点出发温习托福阅读
1.针对那些英语底子一般的同学，建议在考试前的三到四个月就开始着手准备。要想复习得到位，首先要肯花力气背词汇。市面上的词汇书内容都大同小异，所以选择哪一本并不是重点，重点是要坚持不懈地进行反复背诵和归类总结。当你做词汇题时如果遇到的词是你背过的，你就不用大费周章地去联系上下文绞尽脑汁猜它的意思了。当然背了并不代表一定遇得到，但你背得多了记得牢了遇见的机会和认识的机会会很大。
2.要搞懂文章的意思先要搞清楚文章的框架结构。这里有一点必须说明，新托福考试的阅读文章来自北美校园基础课程，而且基本上就是照搬原文分毫未改。因此文章的框架完全就是遵循美式作文的五段法，我们只要根据这种套路去分析文章，会看到这些文章的结构基本是千篇 一律的，所以能帮助我们更轻松地去阅读理解。
3.除了考试需要的专业英语知识，了解一些课外的各种各样的知识，扩宽我们的视野和知识面，也是很有用的。在复习新托福阅读的时候，我们就可以在闲暇时间多涉猎一些课外读物，例如国家地理杂志等一些原版英文杂志，除了扩大我们的知识面，也能潜移默化地提高我们的词汇量。
4.在考试临近的阶段，做一些真题和模拟题也是必不可少的。除了做一些书面的题目，通过模考软件---它可以完全使你感觉正身临其境地进行新托福考试，进行练习。举几个例子，模考软件中广受好评的有Barron, Kaplan等等。当然，一些模考网站也是不错的选择。还有就是在你报名考试时托福官方网站上面的模考题也是十分值得好好利用的资源。
托福阅读拿高分需提前准备
考托福阅读不要拖拉.托福考试不少人总是不着急不着慌，指着最后疯狂做题来提高成绩，其实对于托福阅读以及口语等这四个项目来说，托福考试备考早些开始才更容易拿好成绩。
在托福考试备考的最后阶段，做做模拟练习题是必不可少的。假如有条件的话，最好做一下模考软件。因为这样可以模拟新托福机考的真实场景。比较推荐的模考软件有Barron， Kaplan以及一些比较权威的模考网站。
假如基础一般的同学，想要参加托福考试，最好提前3-4个月预备起来。一本好的词汇书是必不可少的。其实背哪一本词汇书不是重点所在，重要的是能够持之以恒，天天对所背的词汇进行复习和总结。因为你在做词汇题时假如能碰到你熟悉的词，可以节省你会到文章中去看上下文猜词的时间。
虽然不能保证背到就一定能考到，但是单词可以帮助你更好的理解文章。曾经有一名语言专家这样说过：“Without grammar， little can be conveyed and without vocabulary， nothing can be conveyed。”足以说明词汇的重要性。
即将参加托福考试，英语具备一定基础，听力阅读能力较强但是写作口语较为薄弱的学生
然后要从理解托福阅读文章的结构开始理解文章。我们要明白，托福考试的阅读文章都是北美校园基础课程的文章，基本没有做过改动。所以文章的结构就是完全按照美式作文的五段法，我们的考生只要用这样的方式去分析每一篇文章，就会发现他们的结构是大同小异的。
积累背景知识对我们来说相当的重要，因此我们在做新托福阅读的题目的同时，也应该在空余的时候多阅读课外读物，原版杂志。譬如，国家地理，自然，今日美国等一些闻名的原版杂志，这不仅可以扩充我们的背景知识，同时也可以补充我们在词汇量上的不足。
节省托福阅读时间的四个方法
方法一：快速泛读(fastextensivereading)
这里讲的泛读是指广泛阅读大量涉及不同领域的文章，要求读得快，理解和掌握文中的主要内容就可以。要确定一个明确的阅读定额，定额要结合自己的实际，可多可少，例如每天读20页。
方法二：计时阅读(timedreading)
计时阅读每次进行5～10分钟即可，不宜太长。因为计时快速阅读，精力高度集中，时间一长，容易疲劳，精力分散反而乏味。
点击下载，如何备考托福阅读技巧
方法三：寻读(Scanning)
寻读又称查读，同略读一样，寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧。
寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或某一项特定信息，如人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等，而对其它无关部分略去不读的快速阅读方法。
方法四：略读(skimming)
略读又称跳读(readingandskipping)或浏览(glancing)，是一种专门的、非常实用的快速阅读技能。
托福阅读略读有下列几个特点：
A.以极快的速度阅读文章，寻找字面上或事实上的主要信息和少量的阐述信息。
B.可以跳过某个部分或某些部分不读。
C.理解水平可以稍低一些，但也不能太低。
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