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托福阅读：如何巧妙找到定位词

时间：2022年12月11日

来源：四月与长安

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下面是小编帮大家整理的托福阅读：如何巧妙找到定位词，本文共9篇，希望对大家有所帮助。本文原稿由网友“四月与长安”提供。

篇1：托福阅读：如何巧妙找到定位词

托福阅读：如何巧妙找到定位词

对于托福的阅读文章来说，一般思路都是直白和流畅的。所以，我们需要以最快的时间体会到其中的文章的主题内容。对于托福阅读来时，并不像我们曾经参与过的高考等考试一样，基本所有答案几乎都可以在文章中找到非常明显的对应点。小站提醒大家在答题过程中，我们也要学会领会老外的思维逻辑，不要刻意将题目想的过于复杂化。

当然，思路的直白和流程，并不代表整篇文章的阅读不讲求细节。对于文章的关键词和原文定位我们还是要讲求直接和细心的。在阅读中，最常用到的解题方法就是利用题干中出现的关键词回原文定位答案范围，然后根据定位到的内容选出正确答案。

在托福阅读中合理找到定位词，主要还是讲求一个“巧”字了。比如，阅读文章中考查点经常与转折、比较、否定、因果等逻辑密切相关，因而考生在定位答案范围时可根据这些重要的考点来进行精确定位。

托福阅读真题1

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.

All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.

On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.

1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of

igneous rock to support the idea that

(A) the Earth began as a molten mass

(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust

(D) igneous rock is continually being formed

2. The word invade in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) move into

(B) neutralize

(D) deposit

3. The word contemporary in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) vast

(B) natural

(D) uneven

4. The word it in line 16 refers to

(A) granite

(B) surface

(D) texture

5. Granite that has been found above ground has been

(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma

(B) produced during a volcanic explosion

(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth

6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?

(A) granite

(B) plutonic rock

(D) mineral crystals

7. The word finely in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) minutely

(B) loosely

(D) purely

8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?

(A) Plutonic rock

(B) Crystal

(D) Obsidian

托福阅读真题2

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.

Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second sound bite in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.

In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.

Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.

Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.

1. What is the main point of the passage ?

(A) Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of

television coverage.

(B) Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.

introduction of television.

(D) Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.

(A) analyzed

(B) discussed

(D) stored

3. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties

(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates

(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates

(D) received more money

4. The word accelerated in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) allowed

(B) increased

(D) started

5. The author mentions the stump speech in line 7 as an example of

(A) an event created by politicians to attract media attention

(B) an interactive discussion between two politicians

(D) a style of speech common to televised political events

6. The phrase given way to in line 10 is closest in meaning to

(A) added interest to

(B) modified

(D) been replaced by

7. The word that in line 12 refers to

(A) audience

(B) broadcast news

(D) advertisement

8. According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse

was more successful at

(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates

(B) placing political issues within a historical context

(D) providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior

9. The author states that politicians assert but do not argue (line 18) in order to suggest that

politicians

(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims

(B) take stronger positions on issues than in the past

(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens

10. The word Reliance in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) abundance

(B) clarification

(D) information

11. The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that

(A) politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens

(B) politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are

less attractive

(D) citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better

informed

12. According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can

(A) create more time to discuss political issues

(B) obtain more television coverage for themselves

(D) engages in debates with their opponents

13. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?

(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.

(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.

(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.

2. The word disseminated in line 2 is closest in meaning to

篇2：托福阅读关键词定位方法

关键词很关键!托福阅读关键词定位方法

一.托福阅读关键词定位

托福考试每篇文章的字数都是在700字左右，可以说是密密麻麻的一片，英语字母，看得小站君是头都大了，为了让大伙更上一层楼，小站君只能忍着，只能一点一点给大家解释了。考生们在考试的时候，可以分段来看整篇文章，而且，很多考生看文章看懂了，但是题目就是错了，这也很正常的，在阅读的时候，一定要抓住关键词，抓不住关键词，那就很难在做题的时候做对，或者花更少的时间。想要抓好关键词，得要做到：1)看逻辑信号词;2)读句子的时候一定要牢记看主干。

二.托福阅读关键词定位实例讲解

下面，小站君就来举例说明了，举的例子就是托福官方真题Official25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping：

官方真题Official25-2 The Decline of Venetian Shipping：

Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased supply.

在快速阅读这个段落的时候我们要找的关键词是：逻辑信号词—如段落中所标示的first， but， this… 我们不难发现这些信号词所在的句子基本都是解题的信息点。那么在做题定位时不妨多加留意。当然，抓住这些关键词并不难，难在理解。接下来我们就来看看理解这些句子时的关键词。每段话的首句是必定要读的。这是包含了一个定语从句的复杂句。先看到核心词changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。这篇文章接下来具体要写的内容就展露无遗，也就是威尼斯船业和贸易的变迁。

First，这当然是开始写shipping的标志了。我们一直强调句子要读主干，那么简单地看这个句子就是Venice’s functions were lost，核心词很显然是lost，也对应了整篇文章的主题 decline. 接下来两句写到了15和16世纪遇到的船员难招的问题。冒号的出现，阅读冒号之前的内容there was little problem;到下一句，这句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem. 到这里意思应该已经一目了然了，就是讲威尼斯船业在招聘船员方面所遭遇的变迁：little problem—not serious —greater problem。刚才我们讲了文章阅读部分要抓关键词，其实我们在阅读题目和选项时也是需要寻找关键词的。有些题目的选项是比较长的，四个选项看上去也差不多一段话了，所以一定要抓住关键词判断才行，如否定词、比较词和并列词。这些是快速浏览选项的第一步。再次也要看到题干和每个选项中能让我们快速定位到原文的关键词。

托福阅读备考的三大关键

第一，词汇

从某种意义上来讲，词汇量的大小是TOEFL阅读理解高分的基础和关键。如果词汇量没有达到基本要求(五千以上)，纵然你有“葵花宝典”在手，也只能命丧ETS的“毒招”之下。所以，以牺牲词汇量为代价的技巧练习简直是一味巨毒无比的“五毒散”。

第二，通过练习使学生养成高效的阅读方法--即所谓的阅读技巧

TOEFL的阅读量非常大，一般的中国考生根本无法把文章全部读完，所谓的“扫读法”、“跳读法”和“略读法”也只能适用于少数类型的文章，根本不能解决本质问题。那么，文章到底应该怎么读法呢?一句话，主动地阅读文章的关键部位。所谓主动是指不能象一般的阅读那样完全被动地接受信息，而应该不断的进行思考和预测;所谓关键部位，主要是每一段的开头和结尾部分。由于TOEFL的阅读理解文章全部选自于正式出版物，文章的逻辑结构非常完整和严谨，而且出现的逻辑模式也是屈指可数。经过系统的训练，考生的预测可以做到非常准确的程度。这样，通过阅读文章的几处关键部位，就能很快地把握整个文章的结构和内在的逻辑关系，也就解决了问题的70%。

第三，解题训练

排除法恐怕是一直以来大多数学生在解阅读理题目时使用最多的方法。事实上，这种方法具有致命的缺点：干扰大、费时间。更有效和迅速的办法是读完题干之后，就在脑子反映出一个模糊的或者是不完整的答案，然后直接在选项中寻找接近的答案进行判断。这种能力必须在平时的训练和讲解中逐渐养成和加强，决非什么技巧之类的东西可以替代。

托福阅读背景知识之始祖鸟

古生物学是生命科学和地球科学汇合的交叉科学。既是生命科学中唯.具有历史科学性质的时间尺度的一个独特分支，研究生命起源、发展历史、生物宏观进化等历史生物学的重要基础和组成部分：又是地球科学的一个分支，研究保存在地层中的生物遗体、遗迹、化石，用以确定地层的顺序、时代，了解古生物的发展历史，推断地质史上水陆分布、气候变迁和沉积矿产形成与分布的规律。

托福阅读机经要点：

(1)始祖鸟的化石保存得十分完整。

(2)动物学家认为始祖鸟属于鸟类。

(3)古生物学家认为始祖鸟属于恐龙。

(4)教授更赞成古生物学家的观点。

背景拓展：

(一)始祖鸟化石

始祖鸟化石都是在德国的巴伐利亚州的石灰岩层中发现的，距现在已有1.5亿年了，这些化石被证明为始祖鸟。这些化石上有清晰的羽毛印痕，而且分为初级和次级飞羽，还有尾羽。它的前肢退化成飞行的翅膀，后足。有4个趾，三前一后;锁骨愈合成叉骨，趾骨向后伸长。这些特征都与现代鸟类根似。但奇怪的是，它的嘴里长着牙齿，翅膀尖上长着三个指爪;掌骨和趾骨都是分离的，还有一条由许多节分离的尾椎骨构成的长尾巴，这些特点又和爬行类动物极为相似。

(二)始祖鸟的分类

始祖鸟之所以得这个名字是因为它是迄今发现的最古老的鸟，化石显示，它有锯齿状的牙齿及和恐龙一样的骨骼，这一点虽然与现代鸟类完全不同，但当时之所以把它称为“鸟”，是因为化石显示它长有羽毛。

根据最新出版的《科学》杂志报道，古生物学家通过对最新发现的一块始祖鸟的化石进行研究后发现，始祖鸟其实更接近于两条腿的食肉恐龙，而不像现代意义上的鸟。以前科学家找到了九块始祖鸟的化石，这是第十块，但这块化石是保存最完整的一块，它来自于大约一亿五千万年前的现德国巴伐利亚地区，主持这项研究的是德国法兰克福Sebc-jebberg研究院的Gerald Mayr教授，他利用：计算机模式复原后发现，新化石中的大脚趾并非像原来认为的始祖鸟的脚趾那样是逆翻着的，现代鸟的脚趾都是逆翻着的，因为只有这样才能确保鸟平稳地站在细细的枝桠上;不仅这一点与现代鸟不同，它的第二个脚趾是延展的，这一点更是兽脚亚目食肉恐龙的主要特征;而且其头部有一块被称为颚骨的头骨，这一点也与许多两脚恐龙相似。

词汇预测：

dinosaur，n.恐龙

fossil，n.化石

feather，n.羽毛

tails，n.尾巴

zoologist，n.动物学家

paleontologist，n.古生物学家

archaeopteryx，n.始祖鸟

备考托福阅读应以高分为目的

一、托福阅读的文体多为学术类文章，所考察的能力包括：

理解层面是：

1. 分清段落结构，读懂特定信息在全文中的作用的能力

2. 提炼中心思想的能力

3. 从概念多、语言复杂的段落中整合信息，提取观点的能力

所以不要上来就全文不错字眼的，无目的的通通读完。我们亲身的经验是，即使是这样读完了，我们在考试的高度紧张下，一般也是啥也记不住啊~~。所以要练习“跳读”的能力，并端正读全文的目的---不在于啥都记下来，而是只记住结构就好了(就这个能力我们也还要练习呢~)。

语言层面是：

1. 对学术类词汇和语法结构的掌握

由于考试中会涉及一些我们十分不熟悉的内容，因而在专业背景知识缺失的情况下，会导致文章意思把握的不清晰。因而建议备考时运用依学科分类进行归纳的词汇进行学习，从而提高阅读的理解度和阅读速度。

再有就是要攻克“难句”。但要提示的是这个部分不是什么太重要的内容，要知道托福的文章中难句相对还是初级的，出现频率相对是少的。比起GMAT这些考试，托福难句方面可是“小巫见大巫”，给我们留足了面子。

二、相对应的，中国考生的普遍问题在于

语言理解方面：

1. 对高阶词汇的理解有偏差

2. 对于从概念密集，或者有高阶词汇的段落中整合信息，提取观点感到困难

文意理解方面：

1. 对于信息表述不明确的段落，很难分清段落结构，或推断该信息在全文中的作用

2. 很难从概念密集的段落中提炼段落中心意思

解题方面：

1. 文章信息理解的准确度

2. 题支理解的准确度

例如：THE SPECIAL SPECIES CAME FROM PARTICULAR AREA BY PARTICULER MEAN.这个句子的准确理解就是“这些特殊的物种是通过特殊方法进行特殊区域的”，其在表述中强调了“PARTICULAR”。因而仅读出“这些物种是通过一些方式进入这些区域的”是明显有差距的。

三、对于考生的阅读问题，建议通过以下方法来提高阅读能力：

1. 多读学术类文章，研究其段落和整体布局的特点。

●注意文章是如何通过支持性描述、举例来支持段落分观点和全文中心思想的

●读完全文后，给全文列提纲，测试你对文章结构的理解

●一定注意所谓提纲，不仅仅是流水账，要严格要求自己就运用1~2句话进行每段落的总结和中心思想的总结，并提醒要能够从提纲的信息中看出段落和中心间的支持关系!

●练习作综述(口头)

●在20秒内读完一段后，马上作该段的综述;在读完全文后，马上作全文的综述

●注意你的综述要反映出文章的结构。(比如各个段落和中心的联系是什么，各个段子中都提及到了什么信息，这些信息对于段意的表达有怎样的支撑作用。)

2. 在运用过程中扩充词汇量(不要通过背词汇书的方式)，形成系统记忆生词的习惯

●阅读中遇到生词时，先从上下文推测它的意思，然后查英英字典，最后查中文字典

●把积累的生词按主题分类，意思相近的生词一起记忆

●借助词根、前缀、后缀记忆

●联想记忆：举出其近义词、反义词;也可借助同义词词典、搭配词语词典

篇3：托福阅读定位技巧

托福阅读定位技巧

先说说通常会遇到的情况

#情况1：答题句子和题目用词相同，并且一句话直选答案

第一种情况出现在最简单的题目中。原文答题句子与题目句子所用单词完全相同，我们在寻找时会直接找到，并且仅仅阅读这一句话即可得出正确选项，换句话说就是不需要读本段其他句子的内容。

例题：

白痴的不能再白痴的一道题目，根据题目所问非常容易就找到本段最后一句话。这个句子论述了此种deer早年生活在open prairie country，现在却仅生活在low marshy islands和flood plains地区，也就是以前和现在居住地产生了差异。答案是D。

#情况2：原文句子和题目用词相同，但需要阅读定位句的前后句才能得出答案

和情况1相同的是，定位非常简单，直接就能够找到围绕题目论述的句子。但只根据定位到的句子无法直接得出答案，需要读一读前后句子的信息。

例题：

题目问“下列哪个关于waterlogged soils是正确的?”，关键词即为waterlogged soils。简单到爆，直接找到第一句话。根据第一句话得到的信息，我们得知关于这种soil的第一个信息点是“此种soil出现在flat或者poor drainage的地区”。但是，并没有选项与之对应，所以无法无法得出答案，只得继续阅读。第二句得到的信息同样无法对应答案。第三句说“空气无法进入这种土壤中，所以这种土壤就比较缺乏oxygen”。根据该内容，C选项的“contain little oxygen”就是正确答案。

#情况3：原文句子和题目用词相同，但仅仅通过阅读前后句是无法做出来的。

例题：

我们先把本段内容阅读完，再来讨论这道题目。本段内容描述了物种形成的一种方式：physical barriers形成后，使得一个物种的群体被分割成subpopulations，分割后由于互相之间无法交配，gene之间的差异越来越大，最终成为了即使有交配机会也不会产生后代的新species。这个物种形成的过程就叫allopatry。

回过头再来看这道题，正确答案D对应的信息点出现在段落中间这句话“In the absence of...”。由于整段都是围绕着allopatric speciation来展开，相当于每句话所包含的信息，都可能成为对应选项的信息。而且在刚看完这道题题目以及定位到最后一句的时候，无法判断出这个段落所包含的这种特性。如果按照看前后句的做法来搞，需要倒退这看到倒数第四句。“逆作者而读”，实在是有违天理啊。所以仅仅通过阅读定位句及前后句子的方式，较难准确做出这种题目。

有些人对于这种题目提出了另一种解决办法：通过选项，回到原文定位，然后排除错误选项得出答案。我个人认为这种方式有时候并不是特别的靠谱，仅仅给我们完全做不出这道题时提供了一个蒙答案的方向。

首先，对于大部分题目，什么情况需要通过选项定位排除，并没有一个明确的标准，至少仅仅通过刚才这道题的题目我们是无法判断出来的。对于这道题，看完问题以及本段最后一句话，我是死活也想不到这一整段话都在说allopatry的。

其二，选项定位排除的方式，其实也需要阅读大量的内容，对于这道题来说，可能是整段话。这种方式会把这段话的信息弄的支离破碎，东看一眼西看一眼，很可能会导致对原文信息的理解也支离破碎。

第三，和情况4类似，很多选项和原文会出现改写，使得我们不能在不阅读其他句子的情况下直接找到原文信息。

第四，根据选项定位容易遗忘问题，选出那种虽然在原文100%出现、但是无法回答本题题目的选项。

#情况4：原文句子和题目并不那么相同

这种情况下，原文和题目出现了同意改写。这种改写可能是换词，也可能是通过字里行间的陈述而表达出来的。出现这种情况时，有难有易。易的时候，会很容易就找出原文定位句。难的时候，读完整段话都找不到与题目有联系的句子。

例题：

题目所问内容为“在NREM睡眠过程中，吸气特别困难时会发生什么?”本段第二句话描述了“苏醒时，吸气特别困难的情况下”所发生的内容，但是并未提到NREM sleep的情况。下一句说“在NREM sleep时，这种调节反射是不存在的”，依旧没有出现题目所问内容。紧接着这句话中的一个代词“such conditions”非常关键，三句话连在一起读一下会发现，such conditions指的应该就是“NREM sleep时，inhaling很困难，并且wakefulness时起作用的功能还不好使”的这个状态。所以，很自然的根据这句话就可以选出正确答案B。

那么，定位到底是个啥?

对于上述的情况1和2，定位是这样子的：根据题目关键词，完全不理解段落其他内容，直接找到出现关键词的句子，并且仅仅阅读本句或围绕的1-2个句子，根据信息得出答案。

对于上述的情况3和4，定位可能是这个样子的：阅读题目，记住题目所问内容，从本段开头或没有读过的位置(因为有可能前几句话在做前面题目的时候阅读过，并且无法解答本题)开始阅读，找到能够回答题目的句子(注意可能出现的改写)，结合文意和选项，选出正确答案。

第一种定位方式，相信了解一点托福的大家都能猜到或者听说过，但是局限性很强。局限性体现在不适用所有的题目，并且对文章内容的理解有或多或少的影响。

第二种定位方式，仅仅是一个做题习惯，是给出大家的一点建议，而非一种“方法”。如此简化以至于适用性广泛。不过，没有足够的阅读实力，面对难题时也只能说一句你(N)忙(M)吧(B)了。

其实问题也可以这么看：如果你想拿高分，比如25或以上，那么第一种定位方式肯定不足以帮到你。如果申请学校对分数要求并不高，阅读拿个20分就足够使用，那么或许第一种方式也已足够。

托福阅读：托福备考的篇章段落结构

1. 托福阅读学术性文章的篇章结构：

在托福阅读学术性文章中，一般需要具备三个组成部分：

(1)Topic 话题：即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;

在托福文章中，这种导

(2)Aspects 方面：即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点，则方面可能分为若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象，则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;若话题为某个历史事件，则方面为几段发展时期;

在托福阅读文章中，往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系，将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落，共同组成行文主体;

(3)Attitude态度：即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定，或是消极否定，或是保持中立。

在托福阅读文章中，态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。

Topic话题 + Aspects方面 + Attitude态度，这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“T+A+A篇章结构”。托福文章大都遵循这种结构，考生通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向，再抓住文章的各个段落主旨，便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。

2. 托福阅读学术性文章的段落结构

托福阅读学术性文章的自然段落，一般需要具备两个组成部分：

(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表达段落的主旨，即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么;

(2) Detail 细节：为了详细说明段落中心含义，所罗列的相关支持内容，即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。

Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节，这两个要素加起来是标准学术论文体的“TS+D段落结构”。托福阅读文章段落大都遵循这种结构，考生通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义

托福阅读：怎样探寻托福阅读的规律

如果你在新托福阅读考试之前知道了这个统计结果，即使在考试时你没有完全听懂对话的内容，你也能得出正确的答案。虽然我们不能证明这些“规律”，但是对于历年的考题却从不例外。当然，如果你对自己的听力水平评价很高的话，你可以不冒这个险。

但是，至少它是一个替代的方案。以下是根据历年考题统计得出的结论。当然，如果你自己发现了其它的某些规律，也应该把它总结出来。

(A)当两个人谈到吵或者安静时，后得出的结论总是：宿舍里读书很吵，应该去图书馆。而不会说搬到别的宿舍。

(B)当对话内容涉及演出(音乐会或者电影)或者展览时，后肯定说它非常好。即使他(她)不会欣赏这些展览或者演出，也会虚伪地说“It makes more sense next time”。

(C)当谈到住在校园里还是住在校外时，答案肯定是住在校园。

(D)当谈到某门课老师讲的如何时，回答肯定与“boring”相似;而当谈到课难不难时，肯定说难。

(E)对话谈到作业时，肯定都说作业很多，而且很难。

看到这些可以发现，只要在托福阅读考试中细心，什么困难都不怕。

篇4：托福阅读陷阱：专有名词不一定是定位信息词

托福阅读陷阱：专有名词不一定是定位信息词

老师们一定告诉过你们，看到专有名词就画出来，以方便定位，但是不分“青红皂白”的画专有名词，只会得到适得其反的效果。

新托福阅读中的题目定位其实不难，但前提是定位信息要选准，也就是定位的点要对。通常情况下我们优先选择作为定位信息的是：专有名词、术语、物质名词、特殊名称等，但在做题过程中要具体情况具体分析，考生们千万不可以一刀切。如OG Practice Test2的第七题中题干为“Paragraph 2 suggests that which of the following is one of the most important factors in determining differences in feeding preferences of East African herbivores?”该题干中有专有名词“EastAfrican”，如果考生们用该词定位，肯定会导致无法定位到该题对应文章内容的准确位置。无法准确定位，必然耗时，而且影响考试心情。实际上考生们在考试时应该注意该篇文章的标题为“FEEDING HABITS OF EASTAFRICAN HERBIVORES”，标题中已经出现“EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORES”，因此我们可以得知该篇文章整篇都是关于EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORES的，如果还是以它为定位词，肯定定位不到所需信息的准确位置。而该题的定位信息应该为“differences in feeding preferences”。

托福阅读备考的四个步骤

第一步，背单词。建议背诵大学4级单词和托福单词。4级单词是为了打好基础，对于基础较为薄弱的考生，这部分的复习是很有必要的。另外就是托福词汇，一般的托福词汇书即可，为了使复习更有针对性。

第二步，语法。新托福虽然不在单独考语法题，但是语法不乱在写作、阅读还是口语甚至听力上都占有举足轻重的地位，因此掌握托福的基础很有必要。在练习中可以通过写作，并在老师的批改指导下不断地练习。

第三步，长难句。英语考试的核心应该是注重应用和理解，分析长难句，其实最关键的目的就是要去让自己快速的理解和整合句意，以达到快速解题的目的。

第四步，看美剧。尤其是要将中文字幕放在屏幕上面，英文字幕放在屏幕下面。这样做的目的就是让我们还原英语是一门语言的这个本质，去多接触英语怎么说，通过量变达到质变。

托福阅读真题解析1

PASSAGE 5

Perhaps the most obvious way artistic creation reflects how people live is by mirroring theenvironment — the materials and technologies available to a culture. Stone, wood, tree bark, clay,and sand are generally available materials. In addition, depending on the locality, other resourcesmay be accessible: shells, horns, gold, copper, and silver. The different uses to which societies putthese materials are of interest to anthropologists who may ask, for example, why people chooseto use clay and not copper when both items are available. Although there are no conclusiveanswers yet, the way in which a society views its environment is sometimes apparent in its choiceand use of artistic materials. The use of certain metals, for example, may be reserved forceremonial objects of special importance. Or the belief in the supernatural powers of a stone ortree may cause a sculptor to be sensitive to that material.

What is particularly meaningful to anthropologist is the realization that although thematerials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically,the materials by no means determine what is done. Why do the artists in Japanese society rakesand into patterns; and the artists in Roman society melt sand to form glass? Moreover, evenwhen the same material is used in the same way by members of different societies, the form orstyle of the work varies enormously from culture to culture. A society may simply choose torepresent objects or phenomena that are important to its population. An examination of the artof the Middle Ages tells us something about the medieval preoccupation with theologicaldoctrine. In addition to revealing the primary concerns of a society, the content of that society'sart may also reflect the culture's social stratification.

1. According to the passage , gold, copper, and silver are

(A) more difficult to handle than wood and

(B) of their stable social conditions

(D) available only in specific locations

2. The word conclusive in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) definitive

(B) controversial

(D) realistic

3. The word apparent in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) attractive

(B) logical

(D) distinct

4. Why does the author mention the supernatural powers of a stone or tree in line 10?

(A) to show that some sculptors avoid working with specific materials

(B) to emphasize the unusual properties of certain materials

(D) as an illustration of the impact of the environment on religious beliefs

5. The word it in line 13 refers to

(A) realization

(B) society

(D) influence

6. It can be inferred that the author mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because

(A) they influenced each other stone

(B) commonly used by artists in all societies

(D) they used the same artistic material in very different ways

7. According to the passage , all of the following statements about sand are true EXCEPT

(A) It is used to create glass.

(B) Roman artists mix it into their paints.

(D) Japanese artists use it to create artistic patterns.

8. The word Moreover in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) similarly

(B) in addition

(D) frequently

9. The word preoccupation in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) involvement

(B) separation

(D) argument

10. The word primary in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) discrete

(B) preliminary

(D) fundamental

PASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBAD

托福阅读真题解析2

PASSAGE 6

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda,sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from theearly Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture ofalkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in thecommunities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed.

Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making eitherwould do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potashfrom those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlersof the North American continent.

The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy ofcolonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for theglassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity topermit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship toarrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making.

The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open,and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and waterwas poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. Theresulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash.

In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land foragriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recoveredby the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in theseventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly ofshipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade atJamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts to encourage the making of potash,beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of thesubstance.

1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How it was made

(B) Its value as a product for export

(D) Its importance in colonial North America

2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:

(A) They are alkalis.

(B) They are made from sea plants.

(D) They are used in making glass.

3. They phrase the latter in line 4 refers to

(A) alkali

(B) glass

(D) soap

4. The word stressed in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) defined

(B) emphasized

(D) mentioned

5. The word interchangeable in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) convenient

(B) identifiable

(D) advantageous

6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North

America because

(A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available

(B) making potash required less time than making soda

(D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use

7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT

(A) wood

(B) fire

(D) water

8. The word adjunct in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) addition

(B) answer

(D) possibility

9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that

(A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods

(B) it helped finance the creation of farms

(D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking

10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems

for southern settles?

(A) The softwoods were not very plentiful.

(B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses.

(D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash.

PASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABD

篇5：雅思阅读高频隐性定位词

雅思阅读高频隐性定位词

一、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Proportion=%.

通常，在我们审题的时候，会发现每个问题的选项都有特定的信号词出现，例如下面的问题中，我们可以明显看到问题6中出现的proportion，因此我们在选择相对的答案的时候，可以找找文中有没有相对应百分比的对照。然后首先看看这些百分比内容的匹配性，因此像这种隐形定位词能够有效提高我们做题的速度。

Question 1-6

Reading Passage 1 has nine sections, A-l.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-l, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

6. The estimated proportion of children in New Zealand with auditory problems

对应原文：

The Impact of Hearing Loss on Young Children

A. Hearing impairment or other auditory function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to lean at school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as a whole. The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss.

因此第6题选A

二、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Payment，通常可以用货币符号表示。

在下面的例子中，我们可以从问题中找到关于payment这个隐性定位词。从字面可以知道payment是账单的意思，就是关于金钱，或者货币符号的形式出现。所以考生可以根据相关线索优先分析这类选项。

Question 8-13

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 8-J3 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE：If the statement agrees with the information

FALSE：If the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN：If there is no information on this

12. Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion.

对应原文：

Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holborn Bar on 18 June 1764. He was to be paid? 1,575 in instalments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his 'dictionary workshop'. James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as 'fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.

原文说的是分期in installments，而题干说的是only...completion，因此是False。

三、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Earlier=time.

如果出现这种描述时间的隐性信号词，那么选项若出现时间的形式可以优先查看。例如下文出现earlier，字面意思表示很早，表时间的，那么选项看看有没有表时间的。这样能大大提高做题速度。

Question 27-29

Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.

27. Mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon

对应原文：

D.The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sculpture or hydrogen supplied aerosols so that sculpture dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming. The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5℃.Scientists have also scrutinized whether it's possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea.

原文出现时间的地方描述historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines，such as举例子，historic volcanic explosions对应natural phenomenon，因此选D.

四、雅思阅读隐性定位词中Refer to as= proper nouns.

当我们遇到像refer to as，这种表示要解释一个现象，一个单词意思的隐性信号词的时候。在选看选项的时候可以优先看那些专有名词的选项，换句话说就是选项有某个单词不熟悉，然后出现频率高的名词。通过下面的例子，我们可以看出：

Question 34-40

Complete the sentences.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.

35. Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as.

对应原文：

For example, some species of birds' breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodic occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.

回原文寻读，找到day-neutral plants是以斜体形式出现，且前面有限定are known as，可以确定是专有名词，do not respond to light levels对应regardless ofphotoperiod，所以填day-neutral plants.

'雅思阅读材料：英国超辣汉堡致5人住院

Diners are being asked to sign a waiver before eating a fiery chilli burger - after it put five people in hospital.

英国一餐厅推出的热辣汉堡已导致5人住院，现在再想吃这款“变态辣”汉堡要先签署免责声明。

The X.X.X Hot Chilli Burger - dubbed the hottest dish in Britain - is served to over 18s only at Burger Off in Sussex.

这款被称为英国最辣的热辣汉堡，是苏塞克斯郡汉堡店Burger Off 的料理，仅卖给18岁以上的成年人。

It is topped with chilli sauce worth a staggering 9.2million on the Scoville scale - a measure of the 'hotness' of foods. In contrast, the average chilli pepper comes in at just 500 Scoville Heat Units.

热辣汉堡涂有“史高维尔辣度指标”920万的辣椒酱。“史高维尔辣度指标”是测量食物辣度的指标，普通辣椒指数仅500。

One diner was taken to hospital with a suspected perforated bowel after eating the spicy dish, while four others were admitted for treatment on the same night for suspected anaphylactic shock.

一位顾客在吃了这款热辣汉堡后疑似因肠穿孔被送往医院救治，当晚还有4位顾客疑似过敏休克入院。

Now, restaurant owner Nick Gambardella is asking customers to sign a legal disclaimer that prevents them from suing him if they fall victim to the red-hot burger.

汉堡店老板尼克·甘巴德拉为避免顾客用餐后出现不良反应起诉自己，要求顾客只有在签署了法律免责声明后方可尝试此热辣汉堡。

The document reads: 'I the undersigned accept all responsibility for any effects incured due to the consumtion of the above mentioned X.X.X Hot Chilli Burger and release Burger Off, its owner and staff from any liability.'

声明中写道：“我签署同意，在Burger Off食用热辣汉堡所带来的一切后果责任由我个人承担，餐厅和餐厅老板、服务员免责。”

Mr Gambardella, 55, said he was 'amazed' that he was allowed to sell such a spicy burger - adding: 'It has been a massive hit with the customers'.

55岁的甘巴德拉说自己也很吃惊，居然得到了销售此款热辣汉堡的许可证，他补充道：“这在顾客中反响很大”。

'I have to admit I’ve not dared to try one of these burgers myself as they are so spicy,' he said. 'One guy came in and he was just a little bit cocky and when he left he was admitted to hospital because prior to eating the burger he had a stomach ulcerand we believe it perforated his bowel. He wasn’t in a good way but he pulled through.

“不得不承认，连我自己都不敢尝试这款热辣汉堡，因为它真的太辣了。”他说，“有位客人进店的时候还自以为是，但是离开的时候就直接入院了。在吃热辣汉堡之前这家伙就有胃溃疡，我们觉得在吃了汉堡之后他可能肠穿孔了。他还没有完全康复，但目前已经度过了危险期。”

The burger, which is on sale for only ￡3.90, features sauce based on a Piri Piri chilli concentrate, created through steaming and later infused with carbon dioxide.

这款热辣汉堡售价仅3.9英镑(约合人民币39元)，其特色在于添加其中的皮尔皮尔辣椒酱，这种辣椒酱的制作方法是先气蒸后注入二氧化碳。

So far, only 59 out of 3,000 challengers have succeeded in eating the entire dish. Many of the burger's conquerors have taken to Twitter and The Burger Off Facebook page to spread the word of their victory.

截至目前，3000名挑战者仅有59位成功吃完整个汉堡。许多挑战成功者在推特和Burger Off餐厅的脸书页面上炫耀自己的胜利。

Mr Gambardella said the burger had caused customers to adopt a number of undignified coping mechanisms, including stripping naked, begging for mercy, punching windows and vomiting.

甘巴德拉说，顾客在吃热辣汉堡时言行举止十分不雅，有的大脱衣服、有的跪地求饶、还有的捶窗呕吐。

It has also left many diners suffering from anaphylactic shock - a severe allergic reaction that can cause swelling, rashes and difficulty breathing.

大量顾客吃了热辣汉堡后过敏性休克，这种严重的过敏反应会导致肿胀、发疹和呼吸困难。

'The burgers are cooked properly - it’s the sauce that is maybe too hot to handle,' said Mr Gambardella.

甘巴德拉说：“其实汉堡烹饪是合理的。热辣汉堡这么辣，都是辣酱惹的祸。”

学术类雅思阅读题目的黄金法则

雅思学术类阅读虽然有十种题型(八种主要题型)，但在解题过程中有一条贯穿始终的黄金法则，那就是学术类阅读的基本解题思路。

STEP ONE：分析文章后的题目

拿到一篇阅读文章，考生应该首先细读题目要求，确定哪些是关于文章结构的题目，哪些是关于文章细节的题目，同时找出题目中的中心词。

STEP TWO：带着问题扫描文章

1. 扫描标题

考生拿到一篇雅思学术类阅读文章，首先应该看一下文章的标题，而迄今为止，雅思学术类阅读理解考试中大致出现过下列三种题目类型：第一种是正规标题，始可用来判断文章大意、类型、而得知文章结构;第二种是主标题加副标题，副标题有时承担揭示文章结构的重任;第三种是无标题，这种考试形式自99 年开在中国考区出现，一般文章较长而且难，但仍然可以在文章第一段发现揭示文章主题的主旨句。考生应注意：描述性标题应该予以忽略;如果文章分几个SECTION 论述，则SECTION 的标题也应该加以注意

2.扫描全文的分段情况及其他信息

考生应注意数字、百分比、分数、时间或货币符号出现较多的段落;引号、大写专有名词、括号及破折号出现较多的段落;斜体字、黑体字、下划线出现较多的

段落

3.扫描每个段落的首末句，把握文章主题：

主题句提示文章每段的主题含意，进而合成整个文章的大意。因此，一定要找出主题句，从而找出这一段的主题。主题句通常是一段文章的首句(当然并非永远如此)，寻找主题句的方法可按下列顺序：

首句 --→ 第二句 --→中间句--→ 末句

注意：如果首句是描述性语句则应该予以忽略,通过段落首末句判断段落主题的关键是找准中心词(KEY WORD)中心词最可能是表示主要概念的名词，一般是句子的主语和宾语;表明状态的动词;表示程度高低、范围大小、肯定或否定的副词;中心词会在题目及原文中以同义词形式大量出现。比如：famous - prestigious;restructure delayer.

4. 扫描连接上下文的信号词

5. 扫描文章文章中是否有图表或示意图

这些图表一般包含了一些有关回答问题的信息，因此可以先对这些图表做一扫描，了解其内容从而加快答题速度，不然的话，就可能陷在文章中四处找寻答案而乱无头绪。但应注意，一般照片、地图、漫画可以予以忽略。

STEP THREE：

以问题为中心，通过上述扫描工作，找出文章中对应的中心词，从而定位正确答案。

雅思阅读

篇6：局部定位法巧妙攻克四六级阅读

给考生提出以下几点建议，供广大考生参考，希望能帮助大家取得好成绩。

一、考前20天，复习重点以做历年真题为主。

在最后这20天，阅读部分相对于听力、完形还是有很大的提升空间。在最后的这20天中，一切都要以真题为主导。就是以我们过去考过的，新六级和新四级真题为主导。因为真题能非常好地告诉我们一个方向，就是说会考什么题材，包括什么教育类的，还是环境类的，还是经济类的文章，会通过真题，大家可以总结出来。这样有助于大家在考试中一个很好的发挥。特别要说举个例子，在我们过去的四、六级考试，只要考了教育类的文章，一般都会涉及到美国或者英国的教育体制，一些弊端或问题，一般会在文章的最后对这个问题提出一些解决的办法。你只要把真题解决好了，一般来说在考试对文章的主题就会把握地非常清楚。所以说做真题对我们来说还是有很大的帮助的。

那么在最后一个月当中，我们不太建议把所有重心都放在背单词上面。其实阅读理解对单词的确有一定的要求，但是单词并不是最主导的。在整个考试当中，单词在听力当中会有一个更好的体现出来。所以说我不建议大家最后一个月，花大量的时间来背单词。更好地还是以做题为主。

二、四、六级阅读考试以细节题为主导，选择答案时不要进行推导，更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息，以提高选项的正确率。

相信很多同学都遇到这样的问题，明明4个选项，排除了a和b，剩下了c和d，该是c的时候总是选的d，那么原因是这样的，为什么我们四、六级考试的时候，你总会感觉这个是对的，但是多想起来就会选错。原因是四、六级考试主要还是以细节题为主导，所谓的细节题呢就是它考的是文章的一些细节信息，并不对文章的细节做一个引申或是延续。

四、六级考试就是考一个表层的信息，所以四、六级考试的选项只是对原文的单词进行改写。比如说原文是主导语态，到选项里变成了被动语态。或者把单词就是进行一个同义的改写。本来这个单词这样一个表达意思，那可能到选项里是另外一个单词来表达，但意思是一样的。就是说它不需要进行推导的，所以说你为什么多想就会选错，因为你选了一个推导项。而事实上只要选择一个表层信息就可以了。所以大家在做题的过程当中，切记的一点就是，在四、六级阅读考试当中不要进行推导，更多地只是以文章信息为主导来选择一个原文的信息或者是同义改写的信息就可以了。这样一般就不会选错了。

三、采用题干核心词汇定位法，巧妙选择正确答案；同时，考前20天的单词复习，以历年真题选项中的单词为主。

其实阅读理解对词汇考核的要求呢，四级是4500，六级是5500。那么就算有的同学考四、六级，你把我们四、六级单词都背完，可能也达不到考试阅读的要求，因为我们考试一定会有10%到15%的超纲词汇。就说词汇这个问题是永远都不能解决的，关键是在考试当中怎么去回避词汇这个问题。

那么在阅读当中，词汇是非常好回避的。因为整个四、六级考试最主导的核心做题方法就是，通过读题干，因为题干当中的词汇一般都是常规词汇，甚至说你只要高三毕业都能读懂四、六级考试的题干，所以你知道把题干部分的核心词汇找出来进行定位就可以了。但如果我们定位到了这个地方之后，那你就可以把你所定位的地方去读懂，那么这个时候可能会遇到单词，但没有关系，我刚才讲过了我们四、六级阅读理解考试考的是细节题，考的是文章表层信息，因此当你找到了这个地方之后呢，你就去对选项，看哪个选项是对文章里单词的同义改写就行了。所以在这个过程当中，你回避掉了很多很多的词汇，并不需要知道说每个单词是什么意思。那为什么我们很多同学在平时的考试中很期待词汇，他特别想知道文章总体每句话都在讲什么，而事实上四、六级考试就考了5个题目所对应的5个区。并不需要知道文章里的每一句话是什么含义。因此，很多单词的存在是没有任何价值的。就是大家一定要知道的一条就是四、六级考试的核心就是找这道题目考的这个词对应的位置为第一步，然后再去理解你所找到的位置是第二步，第三步是对应你所找到的位置和选项，最后呢选出一个选项是不需要推导的。就是单词的表层信息就可以了。所以，单词的确是很重要，但它并不是我们所想的最重要的一部分。

所以我建议大家这一个月，最后这30天，把四、六级考过的，我们改革之后考过的所有文章中的选项里面的单词去检查一下。因为我们考试的选项里的单词是反复出现的，比如说像我们过去的几次考试，文章中每次都出现一个词叫“practice”。就这个单词在我们过去的几次考试中每次都出现。所以像这种单词大家通过查选项就能够巩固下来。那么有助于大家在考试中发挥得更好一些。所以呢，这个单词不是最主要的问题。

四、通过题目确定答案所在位置，采取局部定位阅读法，做到即确准又提高做题速度。

我们考试的时候阅读理解的确是时间不够，那么四、六级考试改革后呢，一篇文章只能是8分钟的时间，而通常情况下要读上一篇300-500字的文章，至少需要大概10分钟左右。所以说在考试中，四、六级考试说白了就是拼个速度问题。

那么如何能够更好地去做完这个阅读，还能做得很准确，阅读理解的第一步就是什么，就是先局部去找这个题目答案的位置。通过读5个题目先找到位置，因为你会发现找到这个位置后你会发现，5道题目对应了5个地方，这5个地方并不涵盖文章100%的信息，可能这5个地方只涵盖40%的信息。你只要把这40%读懂就可以了。所以为什么说你要想做快啊，或把题目做准了最主要的问题，首先还是要找对这个题目所对应的位置。也就拿我们的专业术语来说，也就叫定位的问题。就如果你把题目定得越准，当然你做得就越快，那么答案出来得也就越准确。所以我们很多同学在平时做题时会发现，我文章读懂了，为什么题目全错了？就是因为你会发现就是因为你文章全读懂之后，你四个选项在文章里面全部都有体现出来，所以这时候你就不知道该怎么排除了。但如果你的题目要是定位得很准，你就知道答案就在这个区域当中，所以四个选项你一看，发现有3个选项的区别没有体现，就会知道应该选哪一个。这样的话就会又快又准了。所以说还是定位为主的。

最后，预祝广大考生在6月份的四、六级考试中取得自己理想的成绩。

篇7：托福阅读快速定位答案关键词

“绊马索”：细节题考查精确定位，

托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比如下面这个例题：

Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer， a lowland， west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington， is now the most common. The other species， the Columbian white-tailed deer， in earlier times was common in the open prairie country， it is now restricted to the low， marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

According to paragraph 1， which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound-

A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，因为它是专有名词，在文中会比较显眼。但是如果一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，因为定位不精确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符连接的词在文章中也是比较醒目的，按该词定位应是该段最后一句话。所以根据它的意思应该选D项。其中A项与原句意思不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否定事实细节题的例子：

Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly， and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community， while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

According to paragraph 1， which of the following is NOT true of climax communities-

A. They occur at the end of a succession.

B. They last longer than any other type of community.

C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会出现很多问题，

资料

首先考生要学会跳跃式定位，即根据文章中特殊的标点符号以及最醒目的词来搜索我们真正需要的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都非常醒目，通过看这两个词我们会发现它们附近没有我们需要的东西;再比较突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完全匹配，细节题讲究的是精确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的最后一句话。否定事实细节题的出题思路有两种：一是无中生有，即根据定位点的内容，四个选项只有一个没有提到，这种思路多适用于选项比较简短的题目;二是张冠李戴，即根据定位点的内容表述，只有一个选项与之矛盾，这种思路多适应于选项比较长的题目。就这个例题而言，根据定位的最后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只有C和D两个选项，D项的意思与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，最重要的一点就是要尽量地去精确定位。

篇8：托福阅读速度提升方法之学会找定位词

托福阅读速度提升方法：学会找定位词!

一.什么是托福阅读定位词?

其实很简单，打个比方，你和朋友约好了去酒吧，朋友和你说酒吧在沈阳新东方正对面，这个酒吧你是不知道地点的，也就是你的目的地;而新东方却很熟知，那么你只需找到新东方便可以找到酒吧了。在这里新东方是已知的，就是用来定位的词汇，而酒吧则是你的目的所在，也便是你要找的答案。

定位词的称呼有很多，如关键词，主旨词，功能词，中心词等等。这些只是个名称罢了，含义都是一致的：一个可以根据题干回原文定位，并能够找到出处的词，这个题干中的词就是定位词or key word。

二.定位词具体特征分析

定位词总体特征：不可变性和细节性

不可变性：定位词是用来定位的，所以必须找那些回原文依然不变的词汇，才有意义。通常不用动词和副词来定位。通常是名词或充当定语的形容词。

细节性：不要找大概念的词汇，更不要拿代表全文主旨的词汇来定位。换句话说不要找那些原文一大堆的词汇，无法定位。

如，95年英国剑桥委员会British Council给出的唯一样题文章的题目是:The Spectacular Eruption of Mount St.Helens

下面有一道选择题是“According to the text the eruption of Mount St.Helens and other volcanoes has influenced our climate by…”

拿这道题为例，如果大家把Mount St.Helens作为关键词回原文进行定位，那你会郁闷致死，全文主要讲的就是圣海伦斯火山的喷发，原文有N多个Mount St.Helens，所以即使这个词属于大写的专有名词，但他违背了细节性，是概括性的词汇，也不能作为定位词来寻找答案。

究竟哪些词在托福阅读当中充当定位词?

三.托福阅读中的定位词都有哪些类别?

1.特殊词汇

在阅读中有一些词张的比较特殊，这种词很容易被记住，也很容易回原文定位。

好比，在大街上上看到一个人光着身子跑步-------特殊难看

一个人的个子超高，像姚明一样------特殊长

一个人身上穿着10多种颜色的衣服，而且不停的摇头-----特殊怪

特殊怪，特殊长，特殊难

这三种词就是特殊词的所有特征，在文中看到这样的词，一定要警惕。如，

Sequoia美洲杉---特殊怪，很好定位，也经常作为考点。

sodium【化学】钠---特殊难，大家只要知道是一种化学元素足矣。

Simultaneous同时的---特殊长，这种词本身的特点决定应作为定位词。

2.数字：通常指时间，金钱和百分比。

有一个道题目是这样问的：

“What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions before 1980?”

那么像1980 3185$ 69%这些词因为长相原因，段落全是英文，突然跑出来几个数字，十分显眼，也就很好回原文找到他们。

3.专有名词：

斜体字，大写人名,地名，大写的专有名词，这一点大家都很熟悉，不用多说。

4.特殊符号：

在特殊符号里或者旁边的词，最好通过符号回原文进行定位，如“paper conversation”，(three cubic miles)这些词本身并没有什么特别，但放在符号里面，就可以根据符号回原文进行寻找。

托福阅读：如何进行精读训练

中国考生在复习备考托福阅读理解题时，做到扬长避短，把复习的重点放在新出现的和自己相对生疏的题型练习上是非常明智的选择。特别是篇章应用题和基础理解题中的插话题和修辞目的题。当然，传统题型中的难点(如：推论题)也应特别下功夫才行。·

在进行大量阅读时，选择阅读材料很重要。首先，在难度上，要选择略高于自己的现有阅读水平的材料，这样才不会有严重的挫败感，才能有所提高。另外，在题材方面，不能只选择自己感兴趣的，而要根据新托福阅读题目的特点，选择各个学科的阅读材料，但是这些材料的专业性不要太强。

平时要正确地进行精读训练：

1. 首先要从单词入手：扩大自己的词汇量，不仅要知道它的汉语解释，还要掌握它的英语定义及用法，尤其是单词在文章中的用法，它有无巧妙之处，是否有特定的意义。

2. 其次要从“语法”入手：这里所说的“语法”不仅指句子的主、谓、宾成份及句子主干，更重要的是指对各种语法现象在思想表达方面的作用及相应的结构形式。当然，在开始阶段需对某些语法结构复杂的句子进行分析。

3. 再次，是从句型入手：精读时，一定要学习各种好的句型，并模仿造句。同时，对于一些长句要进行分析。

4. 最后，要从文章“逻辑”入手：理清作者思想发展的脉络。提炼各个段落的内容，清楚各个段落如何组成了文章有机整体，理解作者运用的事例与他所阐述问题观点之间的联系，明确他是以什么样的方式(讲故事，列举数据，引经据典)来表达自己的观点的。

精读可以使你对文章的方方面面都有深刻的理解，无论从形式到内容，从语言到思想都是如此。

泛读要泛首先是在材料的选择上要题材广泛，因为天文、地理、医学、历史、文化、教育、艺术等内容，在托福考题中都会涉及。推荐考生多读读《国家地理杂志》和《DISCOVERY》，既可扩大知识面，也是备考新托福阅读的好素材;其次难度应控制在每页少于五个生词;最后是在机会和手段的把握上：书刊杂志的目录、新闻标题和导语、广告通知和产品及旅游宣传材料都是绝佳的泛读材料。背诵不失为精读复习巩固的好办法。背诵不应贪大求全，应重点突出。

中国现有的英语学习条件决定了大家在语言输入上，仍以阅读为主，听说为辅。这对参加注重听说的托福考试的考生来说并不十分有利，所以我们更要在自己经常练习的阅读上面多

那些分数，才能给听力和口语减轻压力

托福阅读背景材料之“你是手机控吗”

手机已经成为人们在日常生活中最不可或缺的一部分，那么在离开手机之后，你会怎么办，你的生活还会正常进行吗?

Cellphone feels like a part of your body? A global survey has found that most people can‘t live without their mobiles， never leave home without them and， if given a choice， would rather lose their wallet.

是不是觉得手机已成为身体的一部分?一项全球调查显示，大多数人觉得离开手机无法生活，从来不会不带手机出门，如果非要有所取舍，则宁愿舍弃钱包。

Calling mobile phones the “remote control” for life， market research firm Synovate’s poll said cell phones are so ubiquitous that by last year more humans owned one than did not.

这项由思纬市场调查公司开展的民调称，手机已成为人们生活中的“遥控器”，它们无处不在。截至去年，手机用户的数量已超过没有手机的人数。

Three-quarters of the more than 8，000 respondents polled online in 11 countries said they take their phone with them everywhere， with Russians and Singaporeans the most attached.

该公司共对来自11个国家的八千多位受访者开展了一项在线调查。调查结果显示，四分之三的受访者称自己无论去哪都会随身带手机。俄罗斯人和新加坡人对手机最为依赖。

More than a third also said they couldn‘t live without their phone， topped by Taiwanese and again Singaporeans， while one in four would find it harder to replace the mobile than their purse.

超过三分之一的受访者称他们生活离不开手机，其中最多的人来自台湾和新加坡，而四分之一的人觉得随身携带手机比携带钱包更为重要。

Some two-thirds of respondents go to bed with their phones nearby and can’t switch them off， even though they want to， because they‘re afraid they’ll miss something.

约三分之二的受访者睡前会把手机放在身边，而且他们即使想关机，也不会关掉，因为害怕错过电话。

“Mobiles give us safety， security and instant access to information. They are the number one tool of communication for us， sometimes even surpassing face-to-face communication. They are our connections to our lives，” Jenny Chang， Synovate‘s managing director in Taiwan， said in a statement.

思纬公司驻台湾常务董事Jenny Chang在一份声明中称：“手机给了我们安全感，让我们更安心，而且能随时接收信息。手机是我们第一大通讯工具，有时甚至超过了面对面的交谈。手机是联系我们生活的纽带。”

Mobiles have also changed the nature of relationships， with the survey finding nearly half of all respondents use text messages to flirt， a fifth set up first-dates via text and almost the same number use the same method to end a love affair.

手机还改变了人们谈情说爱的方式。调查发现，近一半的受访者利用短信调情，五分之一的受访者通过短信安排初次约会，另有相同比例的人用同样的方法结束一段恋情。

Apart from the obvious calling and texting， the top three features people use regularly on their mobile phones globally are the alarm clock， the camera and the games.

除通话和发短信这两个主要的功能外，从全球来看，人们最常使用的其它三项手机功能是闹钟、拍照和游戏。

As for email and Internet access， 17 percent of respondents said they checked their inboxes or surfed the Web off their phones， lead by those in the United States and Britain.

而至于发邮件和上网这两项功能，17%的受访者称他们利用手机查收邮件或浏览网页，这其中以美国人和英国人居多。

One in 10 respondents log onto social networking websites such as Facebook and MySpace regularly via mobile， again led by Britain and the United States.

十分之一的受访者经常通过手机登录Facebook和Myspace等社交网站，英美人在这一项所占的比例也是最高。

“As the mobile becomes more and more an all-in-one device， many other businesses are facing challenging times. The opportunities for mobile manufacturers and networks however are enormous，” said Synovate’s global head of media， Steve Garton.

思纬公司全球媒体总裁史蒂夫·加顿说：“随着手机逐渐成为一种集多种功能为一体的通讯工具，很多其它行业正面临着挑战。然而这对手机制造商和网络来说却蕴含着巨大的机遇。”

Not everyone is tech savvy， however： 37 percent of respondents said they don‘t know how to use all the functions on their phone.

但并非所有人都是科技通。37%的受访者称，他们不知道如何使用手机上的所有功能。

Vocabulary：

ubiquitous： existing or being everywhere， esp. at the same time; omnipresent(无所不在的)

all-in-one：一体化，多功能

托福阅读背景材料之“久坐成病”

在工作过程中，很多人都习惯长时间坐着办公，但是也许大家不知道，久坐已成为了影响职场人士身体健康的一大杀手。现在的大多数年轻人每天花大量的时间坐在椅子上，缺乏必要的运动，椅子已经成为危害我们健康的主要原因。下面，就进入我们今天的托福阅读材料：久坐危害健康。

You may hit the gym at lunchtime or go for a run when you get home. But such efforts will have minimal effect if you spend the rest of your time doing what you are probably doing now - sitting down.

你或许在午休时会去健身房，或许下班后会去跑步。但如果其余时间里你都像现在这样--久坐不动，那么你的锻炼可能收效甚微。

In a glut of new research on the subject, experts are warning that we should 'beware our chair', as spending too long in it can raise the risk of high blood pressure, a sluggish metabolism and weight gain.

在最近大量的研究发现中，专家们警告大众要“当心你的椅子”，因为长时间“黏”在椅子上可能面临患高血压，代谢减缓和体重增加的风险。

With the average person sitting down for just under nine hours a day at the office, at home or in the car, even a daily workout is unlikely to offset the risks of being seated for too long.

一般人每天有近9小时的时间坐在办公室、家中或者汽车上，即使每天坚持锻炼，也无法抵消久坐的危害。

Sit ups: Being chair-bound for too long can raise the risk of high blood pressure, a sluggish metabolism and weight gain.

从椅子上站起来!久坐对身体的危害包括高血压，代谢减缓和体重增加。

According to Swedish scientists, quoted in the British Journal of Sports Medicine recently, prolonged sitting should carry a public health warning.

《英国运动医学杂志》最近引述瑞典科学家的观点，久坐不动已成为威胁公众健康的隐患，应当引起重视。

So why is the humble chair being blacklisted? As the most passive activity behind lying down, being seated burns a bare minimum of calories - even eating an apple or fidgeting uses more energy than parking your bottom on a chair.

但为什么这次是“老实巴交”的椅子被列入黑名单呢?作为被动性仅次于躺的活动，“坐”的状态将人体热量消耗降至最低--吃一颗苹果或“坐立不安”的扭来扭去，都比“黏”坐在椅子上消耗的热量多。

While standing engages muscles in your back, shoulders and legs, sitting presents no positive physical challenge to the body, forcing it instead into an inactive state.

“站立”能锻炼背部，肩部和腿部的肌肉，而“坐”不但没有对身体提出积极的体力考验，反而强制它进入懈怠状态。

It is almost inevitable, researchers say, that long-term sitters find their waistline expanding.

研究人员说，长期的“坐者”都不可避免的遭遇了腰围增大的现实。

While the action of standing up only burns a few calories, do it enough times a day and it makes a real difference.

虽然“站起来”一次只能消耗几卡路里的热量，但只要每天坚持做几次，就能起到明显的作用。

It's easy to burn 30 to 50 extra calories a day, which is enough to prevent a weight gain of 2lb to 3lb a year. Spend your time sitting down and the pounds will creep on unnoticed.

每日多消耗30到50卡路里并不难，但足以防止体重每年增加2到3磅。如果大量时间都处于 “坐”的状态，肥肉就会悄悄的降临到你身上。

篇9：托福听力及阅读专业词

看门工作

“Now I don't want to rub you the wrong way, young man, but you didn't put enough rug cleaner on over here.

“现在我不想惹怒你，小伙子，可是你没有用地毯淸洁器把这里弄干净。

I think you’re going to have to run across it again!” Ugh. Tommy hated this new job as a janitor!

我想你得再过一遍!”哎，汤米真恨这份新找的看门人的工作!

He would much rather just run errands for some lawyer or businessman.

他宁愿只给某个律师或者生意人跑腿办事儿。

But he had to run against business majors for those jobs-he didn't stand a chance!

可他得与学商务专业的学生竞争才能获得那些工作——他没有任何希望!

“Aw, Bill. It's running late and I’m feeling pretty run down. Can't we just run it up as done and over and get out of here?” Tommy asked.

“哦，比尔，时间不早了，我觉得很累。我们不能赶快完事离开这里吗?”汤米问。

“Nope. We can't run away from our responsibility. Do it again!”

“不行，我们不能逃离我们的责任。重新做一次吧!”

When the cleaner ran out of power, Tommy thanked God. He had hoped it was running low on gas, and he was right.

清洁器的能量用完，汤米谢天谢地。他曾希望它的汽油快点耗尽，还真让他说着了。

“Aw, we ran the cleaner too hard! I guess I’ll have to get some more gas tomorrow morning before I come back to work,” Tommy said.

“啊，我们使这台机器使得太狠了!我想明早我回来工作之前得多弄点汽油来。”汤米说。

”You lucked out this time, son,“ Bill said with a frown as he scratched his gray head. ”

“你这次运气挺好，孩子，”比尔一边挠着白发一边皱着眉说。

After you get the gas tomorrow, run over and pick up some new mops too, okay?

明天弄到汽油之后，再去找些新拖把来，好吗?

And if you run into Mrs. Wilson at the supply store, tell her that old Bill said hi!“

如果你在供应店碰到威尔逊夫人，告诉她老比尔问她好!”

Bill smiled. ”Oh, and then stop by the copy store to run off some new flyers. We need to find some more business!“

比尔笑道。“噢，在复印店停一下，印一些新传单。我们要寻找更多的生意!”

”Sure. No problem. I'll say hi to your girlfriend for you old man!\" Tommy replied. He was just glad to be done with work for the night.

“好的，没问题。我会替你老人家向你女朋友问好的!”汤米回答道。他很高兴晚上的活儿干完了。

Now to find his friends and go get a beer!

现在他要去找朋友喝杯啤酒!

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