下面是小编给各位读者分享的GRE写作高分ISSUE立论文开头段写法,欢迎大家分享。本文原稿由网友“大白菜00”提供。
篇1:GRE写作高分ISSUE立论文开头段写法
GRE高分ISSUE立论文开头段写法
GRE ISSUE开头段高分写法要点细节:引用原题要paraphrase
GRE写作ISSUE一般给出的题目都比较简单,往往只有一两句话,然后要求考生根据题目自己提炼出一个观点并进行论证。很多同学都会在开头引用一下原题内容再展开,这种写法本身是没有什么问题的,也是比较标准的开头段写法。但有的同学图省事直接就把题目整个抄了一遍来作为引用,这种做法就比较容易引起扣分了。直接抄原题的引用方式有可能被ETS的电脑批改工具判定为抄袭雷同,而这种判断结果可能会导致严重扣分甚至直接取消作文成绩,所以无论原题本身有多短,小编还是希望大家能够适当对题目paraphrase做出一些改动再用,这种懒大家还是不要偷为好。
GRE ISSUE开头段高分写法要点细节:提出观点要简单明了
作为立论文,开头段考生自然需要提出自己的观点,这一点其实也是基本操作。但有些同学在提出观点的时候容易画蛇添足加上一些多余的话,比如我认为我觉得这样凑字数的内容,这就会影响到观点的树立,不够简单明了的提出观点都有可能引起额外的扣分,考生一定要避免。
GRE ISSUE开头段高分写法要点细节:适当让步提升论述完整性
片面论述的情况在GRE写作中是很常见的一个问题。特别是在某些观点对立的题目要求考生选择其中一个的情况下,考生如果只是选择了一个观点就开始大讲特讲另一个观点的坏处就是比较明显的片面论述。大家要知道议论文需要在逻辑上更完整有说服力,而能够体现这一点就是对对立观点存在优点的适当认可,也就是所谓的让步写法。具体来说就是首先承认对立观点也有一定的价值,然后再进行反驳。这种让步写法在开头段里是比较重要的,大家需要了解并学会使用。
GRE ISSUE开头段高分写法要点细节:适当引导一些下文内容
这一点其实很简单,大家只要在开头段中适当为之后的内容做一个引导就可以了,不难写但是必须有。一般来说GRE写作的ISSUE立论文按照5段式的结构比较多,除掉开头段以后剩下3个中间段。而考生在开头段要做的就是为这些中间段做引导铺垫,大致上类似于下面我将从三个方面论述我的观点这样的内容。一般来说引导句放在开头段最后一句是比较适合的选择。
GRE ISSUE开头段高分写法要点细节:控制篇幅三句话写完
无论从时间角度还是文章结构来看,一篇作文开头段写太多都不是一件好事,但大家对于开头段到底要写多少内容总会把握不好。这里小编的建议是把开头段的篇幅尽量控制在三句话以内。大家不要觉得太短,实际上3句话完全够大家把之前的要点全部包含进去了。第一句是引用原文观点。第二句可以写长一点,前面半句做个让步承认对立观点存在一定价值,后面半句转折以后抛出自己的观点。第三句则往下引导到中间段。这种开头写法虽然比较套路,但能够把一篇ISSUE高分作文开头段需要起到的作用全部包含进去,已经算是相当合格的开头写法了。
GRE写作:词汇积累
1.经常brainstorm可以表达一个特定意思的单词,找尽可能多的单词。
并且制作一个自己的list,上面是以中文意思为索引的同义英文单词,并且反复通过中文意思去回想可能用于表达该意思的英文词。
2.进行meaning negotiation practice
如果你还没有掌握一个单词,你可以进行meaning negotiation practice。在学习一个单词的时候,找很多这个单词的例句,通过例句不断猜测单词的意思,直到你找到了一个可以在所有的例句中都解释的通的意思,然后再去看答案。这种方式会促使你更加注意一个词汇的context和collocation,更加有助于你对于一个单词的language network的形成。
3. 单词进行例句背诵,例句仿写
对于已经学会的单词,如果你想去回炉把它训练成一个你在写作中可以很容易使用的词汇,你可对这个单词进行例句背诵,例句仿写等学习方式。
4. 最后,多读多写
想掌握好写作的用词,你要多读多写。特别是在写作中,刻意的去模仿别人使用高级词汇的例子,最后形成自己的写作风格。
GRE写作:高分冲刺
1.要有可以模仿的文章(最好是带有说理性的文章)。
2.你要理解这个文章,理解它的用词、句子结构、段落结构。
3.这些文章都有正确的中文翻译。同时,文章的长度不能超过500字。
怎么模仿,首先要分析文章,分析每一句和上一句是什么关系。我给大家举个例子:美国人写作文的一个特点是,通常每段的第一句都包含了整段文字的内容,也就是我们常说的topic sentence.。另一个特点是当你写完一个句子后,你要问WHY。你提出一个问题,然后给出一个圆满的回答,这就是一篇优秀的作文。
具体化的能力
具体化并不代表要写一个完整的故事。但是任何一篇文章都要给人一个具体的意向。通过具体的东西来描述才能给人踏实的感觉。具体化只要举出几个地方、几个名字、几件小事就可以了。
为什么好多同学作文中分数很低呢,就是因为他提出了问题却没有回答。
你通过不断地模仿写作,就可以不断地纠正语法和词组错误。如何把抽象和具体结合起来是一个重点,如何在一个段落中只表达一个思想,这是另一个重点。美国人的判分特点是,如果你在一段中表达了一个以上的思想,那你的分数就不会高了。
分析完一篇文章后,怎么模仿着写呢?就是看着中文的翻译,把上面的英文一字不落的写下来,当你实在想不起来的时候,再看原文。等到写完之后,和原文对照一下,看看是谁写得漂亮。我刚刚开始模仿写作的时候发现,模仿了几天后,写作水平的确提高了。
因为根据记忆学原则,这个单词你背过、读过,它都不能写在你的文章中间。如果一个单词可以经常出现在你的脑子和文章中间,那这只证明了一件事,就是你写过这个字。但是你自己写作你不可能用到这个字,那就只有一个可能,就是你在模仿文章时写过这个字。如果一个结构别人写不出来,你能写出来,那你的分数就会高。
通过不断地模仿你的几大能力就会得到提高:
1.你的语法错误会越来越少;
2.句子结构能力越来越强;
3.用词能力大大增加。
GRE写作
篇2:托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析
托福独立写作开头段常用展开方式介绍
一篇托福作文的开头段如果写的好,往往能够瞬间吸引考官眼球,留下良好的第一印象。而想要写好开头段,选择正确的话题展开方式尤为重要。因此,我们要做到开门见山,明确写作话题和目的,一般来说以下这些写法考生比较容易掌握,也能够起到很好的明确作用:
1. 提出争议性话题,引发讨论式激发读者思考;
2. 用数据来说话,即以事实来陈述;
3. 以报告研究引出话题;
4. 呈现该话题正反方的观点;
5. 引用名人名言、谚语等作为文章的开头;
6. 对将要讨论的话题进行定义。
除了采取正确的展开方式外,开头段的另一个高分精髓在于对句式的运用。如果开头段大家就一味使用简单句,难免会给人一种缺乏句式使用能力的印象,全部由简单句构成的开头段也会让读者觉得比较寡淡缺乏足够的吸引力。因此,小编建议大家在开头段的写作中,合理运用复合句,当然考生要注意不能轻易犯语法错误,在保证语法正确句式通顺的前提下使开头段显得简洁明了,逻辑清晰。
篇3:托福独立写作开头段高分写法思路实例解析
接下来,小编就通过对两道托福写作真实考题的开头段实例来为大家做具体解析:
例子1
题目:Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
思路分析:
对于这样的话题,我们可以采用第四种方法,呈现出正反方的观点。鉴于这样的方法,我们可以通过以下的方式来扩展段落,第一步---体现普遍性;第二步——体现可讨论性;第三步——得出立场或者文章打算。
开头段实例:
There are undeniable advantages to both life in a big city and in a small town. The former offers more excitement and convenience while the latter offers a cleaner, quieter and often friendlier place to live. However, despite the advantages of small town life, I prefer to live in a big city for several reasons.
点评:
首先用一个简单句描述住在大都市和小城镇都有各自的优点,接着开始分别表现住在大都市和小城镇的优点,然后用一个 however,来表明作者的观点。
翻译:
在大都市和在小城镇生活各有优点,这是不可否认的。前者提供给人们比较多的乐趣及便利,而后者则提供给人们一个比较干净、安静,而且通常更亲切的居住场所。然而,尽管小镇生活有这些优点,但基于某些理由,我还是比较喜欢住在大都市里。
例子2
题目:“When people succeed, it is because of hard work.
Luck has nothing to do with success.” Do you agree or disagree with the quotation above? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
思路分析:
这样的题目,我们可以用名言或者俗语来开篇,吸引考官的注意。
开头段实例:
It has been said that when people succeed, it is because of hard work and that luck has nothing to do with success. Although I believe that hard work is very important and is the surest way to success for most people, I disagree with this statement. It cannot be denied that luck often plays an important role in success.
点评:
这个开篇就是用一句俗语开头,接着开始阐述自己的看法,这也不失为一个好办法 。
翻译:
有人说一个人会成功是因为努力,而运气和成功则是一点关系也没有。虽然我相信努力 很重要,而且对大部分的人来说,努力是成功最可靠的方法,可是我不得不反对这种说法。能否成功,运气扮演着一个很重要的角色,这是不可否认的事实。
举了两个例子给大家,希望各位同学能够个更为直观的了解托福写作开头段的写法思路,并且多加练习,争取也能写出优秀的托福独立写作高分开头段。
托福写作那些疑惑
Q1: 托福独立写作是否中间一定要写三段?
不是的。不要用段落的数量去衡量一篇文章是否好。而是看你能否用你自己的论据去清楚合理地论证文章主旨。 每一段展开一定要言之有物,切不可泛泛而谈,讲空洞的大道理。每个点展开都应该是specific, not general; concrete, not abstract. 也就是说要给出有效的细节或者例子。官方指南P335 的满分范文,也就两个支持段。所以段落的多少和文章是否拿到高分没有必然关系。分论点不是越多越好,而是每一个分论点能够讲的越清楚越详细越好。单纯的罗列的分论点是拿不到高分的。
Q2: 独立独立写作字数是否越多越好?
在官方指南中有这么一句话
“An effective response is typically about 300 words long。 If you write fewer than 300 words,you may still receive a top score,but experience has shown that shorter responses typically do not demonstrate the development of ideas needed to earn a score of 5。”也就是说官方指南中明确表明如果字数不达到300字不能合理的论证你的观点,就不能拿到一个比较理想的分数。在思路清晰,论证充实,且语法错误没有的情况下,字数肯定越多越好。但是很多同学会进入一个写作误区,一味的追求字数,把本来简单的意思非要复杂化,讲的特别啰嗦。这样的同学不仅不能拿到高分,反而还会影响考官的阅卷,觉得你的文章很罗嗦累赘。考官读起来也会很累。
Q3: 是否需要背诵好的模板句型?
相比较背诵好的句型,我更建议同学们准备好的话题素材。根据一年的独立写作考题分析,常考的话题教育类,政府类,科学类话,领导、工作、交友等。同学们可以根据这些话题准备常用的短语表达,考试的时候才能言之有物。
Q4:托福独立写作是否用越高大上的词越好?
讲的越清楚越好,越贴合语境越好。越是高大上的词,通常都是低频词,也就是意味着他们所能搭配的语境是比较局限的,并不是所有的句子里面都能使用。 如果整篇文章都是比较基础的词汇,偶尔来几个特别难词,反而会破坏文章原来的一致性。而且考官评分的时候也不会你使用了三四个生僻词而给你高分,肯定是从文章整体的可读性来进行判断。在官方指南P287中有这么一句话:The writer does not use high-level vocabulary, but word choice is correct throughout.
Q5: 托福写作是不是多写写就可以拿到高分?
很多时候学生觉得自己文章写了挺多的了,为什么好像分数一直上不去。 这是什么原因呢? 中国有一个成语叫‘闭门造车’。写作作为一个输出类的考试,每个同学一定要进行输入,去看别人写的好文章,并且有意识的总结和归纳。 如果有时间,最好能够进行仿写。写完之后将自己的文章和原文进行比对。如果一味的输出,不去找自己的问题,不去改进,也很难得到提升。现在所有的学生我都会让他们每天坚持仿写一段文章,大部分同学表示坚持半个月之后,会明显发现自己有话可说了,不会词穷了。
Q6:平时练习好像感觉还可以,考试的时候分数比较差,这是为什么?
之前我也带过几个学生平时写的作文内容挺好的,讲的也很清楚,上课也很认真,但是考试的时候分数就一直在23以下上不去。在考试之后发现这一些同学,平时很少限时完成作业,给自己一个小时,有的甚至跟多的时间去慢慢构思。这是完全不可以的,实际上,这类同学一旦限时,很多问题都会暴露出来。因此,在临近考试前一定要计时训练,这样才能找到考试的感觉。
Q7: 名人的例子是不是一定比普通的例子要好?
都一样,问题的关键是你能否清楚地表明你为何要用这个例子,以及你自己对于这个例子的看法和分析。并不要求使用有名、复杂的例子,尽管这些例子可能论证力更强。个人经历就是一种很好写的例子。阅卷人并不会按照论据的复杂性来看文章。(当然如果你有独特的例子肯定是更好的,如果没有也不需要强求。)
Q8: 综合写作字数超了会有影响嘛?
不会。只要你回答的是准确切题的,就没有任何问题,是肯定不会扣分的。官方指南中明确说到:‘Suggested length is between 150 and 225 words. You will not be penalized if you write more, so long as what you write answers the question.’
综合写作对学生的听力要求比较高,所以同学们课下一定要好好练习听力,这样写作才能冲高分。有些同学听力写了一丢丢,但是阅读写了一大堆,不管你的字数超没超,综合写作分数都会很低。
Q9: 综合写作部分用模板会不会很俗?
这边和大家强调一遍: 一定要区分有效的模板和无效的模板。 无效的模板是指每一篇文章都能套用的,不假思索就能写的废话。比如the first reason I want to put forward at the very beginning should be considered as …..,还有一些同学强行记忆一些开头和结尾段的模板。这种不建议想在写作拿高分的同学去使用,因为毫无意义,特别啰嗦。(PS官方指南明确表明: Do not “memorize” long introductory and concluding paragraphs, just to add words to your essay.) 但是综合写作部分的模板,我们可以称之为答题的框架,可以让你的结构更加清楚,而且考官更容易踩点,所以使用是没有关系的。问题的关键是!!!你是否有skill去记录所有的听力内容,并且说明听力在哪个点上反驳阅读,这个才是重点。
老师说
学习是一个循序渐进的过程,希望每一位童鞋都能够踏踏实实,一步一个脚印,取得自己理想的分数哦。 No pains; no gains.
托福写作之如何写一个topic sentence(主题句)
所谓主题句(topic sentence, 也有人叫它中心句),就是独立写作主体段中统领全文的那个句子,也就是表述在独立写作头脑风暴和谋篇布局时候想到的“主要理由”或者“论点”的那个句子。通常一篇独立写作有三个主题句。
例如在题目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”,选择agree,三个主题句可以是:
The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability
Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.
A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.
在托福写作中,三个主题句可以说是作文中最重要的一组句子,因为主题句对段落起到“提纲挈领”的作用,同时对整篇文章的结构清晰度和文章逻辑性也至关重要。
如何将这个理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表达出来就是本文讨论的话题。
首先,每段主题句通常都位于段首,紧跟于“first, second, third”这些“信号词”之后。除此之外还需要注意以下几点。
丨简明扼要
主题句需要让读者看到之后能够快速、准确地把握本段的主要内容。这要求我们在写主题句的时候,一方面内容要简单,另一方面用语要凝练。
先来看一个反面例子:
“First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore”
这个主题句涵盖的内容太多,读完这个句子,读者根本不明白本段是要陈述电视节目蓬勃发展(increasingly prosperous program), 要强调电视是最强力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),还是要论证电视不可被忽视(difficult to ignore),这就是一个典型的内容太复杂的主题句。
再看一个反例:
“First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.”
这个句子也有两个论点:表示尊重(show a sense of respect),扩大社交(make more friends),同样也使读者不能抓住本段的主要内容。
如何避免这种错误,使主题句内容简单呢?很简单,首先做到每个主题句有且只有一个论点。论点就是指我们头脑风暴时候想到的那些“key words”,比如健康,安全,情感等等,每段写一个,不要把健康和安全放在同一个段落,也不要把情感和成功放在同一个段落。
例如上面第二个例子,我们只需要删去一个论点,就可以变得非常简洁:
“To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.”这是一个简洁的主题句,只有扩大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)这一个论点。
论点唯一还不一定能完全做到简洁,来看另一个反例:
“The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child’s health.”
这句话虽然只有一个论点,可是用语太繁杂,让人头晕。主题句的语法不建议太复杂,建议大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀,在主题句,只要写一些简单句,例如:“First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child’shealth.”就行了。
丨不是陈述事实
来看下面两个句子:
A: “First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.”
B: “First, raising pets could negatively impact a child’s health.”
哪一个是好的主题句呢?
答案是B。
因为A句的内容是一个“纯粹的事实”,而B句则是“抽象的概念”(exert negative impact),换言之,A句可以作为B句的例子,但B句不能作为A句的例子。
陈述事实的句子是不能作为主题句的,事实是不言自明的。不言自明,也就不需要后面的文字来“论证”了。主题句需要写“a sentence that you could give examples for”,而不能写一个 “example”。
来练习判断下面几组句子中哪一个可以做主题句呢?
A: “Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.”
B:“Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child’s regular studies.”
A: “First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities”
B: “First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.”
A: “First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.”
B: “To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people’s need to nurture“
(答案:三组都是B句较好)
丨使用高级词汇
很多同学要问,如果主题句中不建议使用复杂句型,又不能出现多层结构,那如何显示自己的语言功力呢?要知道我们展示语言能力的地方并非只有复杂的句型,丰富和精准的词汇使用,同样可以展示英语的专业程度。比如
“First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge”
→ “First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge”
想想看,如果原本句子中只会写“good”之处,替换为“advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented”等等词汇,效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出现“important”的地方,改写为“central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital,a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to”会不会增加可读性呢?
在平时的阅读中,注意积累一些“高级词汇”,准确掌握词义,并且刻意练习使用这些词汇,逐渐就会取得不错的写作成绩。
篇4:GRE写作开头段高分写法细节
GRE写作开头段高分写法细节
GRE作文开头段首先要简洁
开头段的长度是考生首先要考虑好的一点。对于一篇GRE文章来说,开头段应注意简洁扼要,通过聊聊数句把观点表达清楚即可,一般建议以三句话为标准。过长的开头段会给人头重脚轻的感觉,从而导致文章整体失衡,是GRE写作的大忌。有些考生过度强调开头段的写作,搜肠刮肚地把好词妙句堆砌到开头部分,其实这么做反而是大忌,很容易引起考官的反感导致意外扣分。
作文开头段引用原文是标准写法
这是很多考生都容易忽略的一点。开头段的第一句话,要先引用作文题目的内容,通过引用自然过渡到论述当中。没头没脑的直接开始论述,会让人产生突兀的感觉,对于一篇以论述为主的文章来说是十分不利的。有些同学甚至老师生怕文章字数不够,在开头的引用部分对原文题目进行大量的PARAPHRASE改写,想要多凑字数,这种投机取巧的方法一眼就会被考官发现,反而会让开头变得累赘,模糊掉考生自己的观点,也是经常造成扣分的原因之一。
作文开头段需做到这两点
GRE作文ISSUE的开头段不必多说,直接阐明观点就好。而驳论文ARGUMENT的开头段,考生则需要做好两件事。一是简要说明论述的观点,二是指出观点的漏洞。只要做到这两点,开头段的作用就达到了。需要注意的是,在简要说明观点时,不要原句照抄题目中的观点,适当变换一下表达方法是必要措施。另外,不要在开头段中具体展开观点的漏洞,简单点出问题在哪里即可。把详细展开部分留到正文当中。
GRE作文开头段高分句式分享
因为开头段需要简洁,因此适当套用一些常用句式模式是不错的做法。考生可以提前做一些模板的准备,尽量使用自己的语言来进行讲述和整理,在写开头段时直接套用即可。下面是一些常用的开头段句式:
“This plan is likely to fail due to flaws in the reasoning and logic of the editorial.”
“This remedy is unlikely to be successful due to flaws in reasoning.”
“This argument contains some egregious flaws in reasoning making the conclusion doubtful.”
“The success of this recommendation is doubtful considering the logical flaws and faulty assumptions on which it is based.”
GRE写作高分范文:公正的法律
“There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws。”
有两种法律:公正和不公正的。每个社会成员都有责任遵守公正的法律,但更重要的是,更应该不遵守和反抗不公正的法律。
关键词:obey just lawsdisobey and resist unjust laws
GRE写作范文:
论证分析
当我们面对司法改革,提出探讨司法理念时,往往会以“什么是司法的公正”、“什么是法官的美德”等这样的形式提出问题。这种形式的问题所问的是关于一般的公正和美德的问题。在司法的实践中,对于具体的判决,人们一般是能够评判是否公正的,而问题是评判有无共性呢?如果不存在,那么人们的评判又是以什么为标准的呢?如果存在,那它又是怎样存在的呢?存在于哪里?而依照西方哲学的观点,这种存在于我们可感知的具体事物之外的东西就是法的理念。
众所周知,亚里土多德曾说过,要实现法治必须具备两个因素:其一,所有人都服从法律;其二,被遵守的法律本身是良好的法律。 亚里土多德的说法看似全面,但在实践中可能并不有效。
比如什么是良法,比如有人对允许堕胎、安乐死、同性恋的法律持有尖锐不同的观点。人认为允许堕胎维护了女性的自身权利,允许安乐死和同性恋表现了对个人自由意志和愿望的尊重;有人则认为允许堕胎是不人道的,没有保护胎儿的生存权利,允许安乐死违背了人的生存主旨,允许同性恋则败坏了社会的道德风气。在这种情况下,我们应当认定谁的观念是正确的?
我们又依据什么权力和所谓的理性剥夺和否定另外一些人的观念呢?此外,人们对某一事物的好坏认识会随时间的推移而发生变化,从前认为良好的法律现在可能认为不好,这时又怎么办呢?
因此,当认为某些法律不是良好的法律时,人们便会认为自己没有服从的义务,这样便会出现不服从法律的现象。进而言之,坚持“良好的法律”这一概念可能会使法治处于困难的境地。
Should we obey an unjust law? According to the theory of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 18th century French political philosopher, in a democratic society the state represents the general will of the citizens, and that in obeying its laws each citizen is pursuing his own real interests. Thus, in an ideal state, laws express the general will. An individual who disagrees with a law must be failing to look at things from the moral standpoint. Rousseau is talking about an ideal state where laws express people's general will, a will that aims at the common good. But the question is: are we living in an ideal state and do all the laws of our land express the common will of the people and should we obey all the laws even if they are unjust? Thenswer to this question can be different for different people.
GRE写作高分范文:教育的意义
GRE写作范文:
Education developed from the human struggle for survival and enlightenment. It may be formal or informal. Informal education refers to the general social process by which human beings acquire the knowledge and skills needed to function in their culture. Formal education refers to the process by which teachers instruct students in courses of study within institutions.
The proper aim of education is to promote significant learning. Significant learning entails development. Development means successively asking broader and deeper questions of the relationship between oneself and the world.
GRE写作
篇5:托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读
托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读 定义法实例讲解
托福写作开头段定义法写作思路简介
托福写作开头段的定义法,即通过对话题词的定义的介绍,这种方法在新托福开头写作中有一定难度,考生需要有渊博的知识,才能做到对名词的解释,但对特别明显的词语,考生可借鉴这种方法。
托福写作开头段定义法实例讲解
实例:
The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
思路分析:
本题中的话题词为图书馆,可以解释的词也是图书馆比较方便容易。那么到底如何解释呢,比如说图书馆在传统意义上来看,是收藏书的地方,而现在因为科技发展,使得图书馆的意义发生改变,从而引出话题。这里同样可以用形式主语:
It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.
细节决定成败,你注意了吗?
ETS给出的对于独立写作高分文章的评分标准中,有这样一句话:
“Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details.”
也就是说,一篇出色的文章应该得到很好的组织和发展,并运用清晰恰当的说理、举例以及细节(details)来加以论证;这也就是我们常说的摆道理、讲事实。因而,对于托福独立写作,举例论证是不可或缺的论证方式,独立写作的分论点,理应有事例来支撑。
经常有同学会问,一个好例子的标准是什么呢?依笔者看来,一个好的事例要包含细节,陈述翔实。细节既包括事件的前因后果,也包含对于身份、时间等静态信息的描述。接下来,笔者将重点探讨能发挥大作用的两种小细节:名字和数字。
I. 名字
名字不仅指事例中的人名(身份)和地名,也包括行业名、公司名以及品牌名等等。名字的使用,一方面可以使得文章的信息表述更明确、准确,另一方面也可以使语言更加生动。
参照下面的简单对比,名字这类细节的作用显露无疑:
My best friend works in an e-commerce company. (general description)
My best friend, Johnson, works in Alibaba. (description with name)
My best friend, Johnson, works in Alibaba, China’s leading e-commerce corporation. (description with name and place)
因此,若同学们在举例论证时能把人名、地名、品牌等具体信息表述清楚,将会极大地提升语言的可读性和可信性。以下面一段为例:
[Sub-point]Mobile games, which you may be highly familiar with, have prevailed for years and now they serve as the main approach for young people to relax and reduce pressure. [Exemplification] Pokemon, the most popular game recently, is overwhelming the globe at a speed beyond imagination. In many public places of big cities like New York, London and Tokyo, young people gather and look for small creatures with their cellphones. [Analysis] Mixing the virtual and real worlds together, Pokemon provides the players something they can enjoy anywhere and it is a pit-stop in daily routines.
不难看出,这一段中,因为使用了游戏的名字Pokemon以及纽约伦敦等大都市,例子变得极其真实具体,引发读者共鸣的同时,又能很好地服务于文章论证。
II. 数字
同样的,文章中数字的运用,可以使论证变得更加准确,更具说服力。数字的使用既含列考生常用的列数据,也包括对时间、年龄和数量的描述。以下面一段为例:
[Sub-point] Big cities present young people with plenty of career opportunities. [Explanation] Thanks to the developed public transit, geographical advantage and compelling economic policies, big cities become where companies, big or small, tend to gather. [Exemplification] Take Shanghai as an example. Over 300 multinational companies (out of the Fortune 500) from all industries, ranging from finance to auto manufacturing, have their branches or subsidiaries in this metropolis, creating millions of job opportunities for people, especially the young. Every year more than 1 million college graduates flood into this place of dream, hoping to find a suitable job and that one day they will have their own career and gain a foothold here.
在上段中,作者并没有单调地分析大城市具有何种优势从而吸引到寻求工作机会的年轻人,而是列举了几个事实的数字:超过300家500强企业,数以百万计的工作机会,每年超过100万的来沪求职者。这些数据的使用,使得文章的说服力上了一个等级,与只有单调说理而没有数字的论证相比,高下立判。
以上,是笔者对于名字和数字两种小细节的简单探讨。好的举例论证,既让说理显得充实、强势,又让语言变得生动、灵活,很好的增强文章的可读性。各位考生在平时的练习中,应该注意对于各种素材的掌握和积累,这样在考场上才能厚积薄发、熟练运用。
20分钟如何写出托福高分作文
现在很多网上流传的满分托福作文,大多是语言能力极好的英语老师,在充裕时间下(也许1个小时以上),慢功细活,逐步构建出的完美文章。其特征,经常是,每个分论点都清晰简洁的列在分论段段首第一句。分论点后接一句句法和单词都非常高大上的长难句。后面跟更多的高大上解释。但其实,想在考场上仅有的30分钟内做到这一点,即便是这些老师自己,也是非常困难的。
所以笔者的写作课程一直强调大家练习的,反而是写好简单句,和使用简单,但是准确词汇的能力。其实练好简单句,才是托福写作提分最速成的方法。所以近期会推出一个系列,就是笔者自己在限时情况下(20分钟左右),尝试解一些以前从未写过的题目。
Agree or Disagree:
A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.
高薪少假 vs. 低薪长假
Disagree.
Ideally, everybody’s dream job would be one that pays well and at the same time, has a lot of vacation time. However, in the cold, hard reality, we often have to choose between high salary and vacation time when we just enter the work force. I, personally, would choose the former.
To begin with, less vacation time would only be a temporary phase, but still a necessary one. I say that our final goal is to earn a lot of money, but simultaneously, have a lot of free time to travel, or to do other things that we want. But, how can we get there? The answer is that we still have to strive for it. We have to learn constantly, even after graduation. Many of my senior classmates, parents, relatives, and teachers tell me the importance of life-long learning. They would say that graduation is the starting point of life. So naturally, if you want to learn and grow fast, you should practice more, strive harder, and constantly reflect on what you are doing. To get more practice opportunities, of course, you should get a job that provides you with a stage.
Of the two kinds mentioned in the above statement, it is obvious that a job with high pay and less vacation offers you more opportunities to gain experience. Allow me to point out some simple facts. With a normal job, which starts from 9 and ends at 6, an employee works 8 hours a day, 40 hours per week, hours per year. With a high pay job, however, overtime is always expected. People with higher salaries often works from 9 to 10, or worse. Accordingly, these people might work 14 hours per day, 80 hours per week, 4000 hours per year, which is just equivalent to two people’s workload in a low paid job. In theory, the latter would grow and gain experience twice as fast as the former. What’s more, growing faster brings even more opportunities. Management always love young people with great potential and ambition, and thus would give them more opportunities and responsibilities. The rewards of choosing a high pay job is not linear in regards to the amount of time you invest. The rewards increase exponentially.
Based on the reasons above, I choose jobs with higher pay but less vacation time.
简单说一下自己这篇文章的写作思路。开篇中规中矩的开头段。上过强化班的同学都知道开头段的三要素:背景引入、改写题中观点、提出自己观点。笔者首先拿所有人的梦想中工作,所谓活少钱多型工作,做了个简单引入。第二句,使用简单副词However转折,随后立即引出并改写题中观点。最后第三句,简练陈述自己观点 – 高薪少假的工作更好。
通常在考场上时,由于笔者自身的展开能力较强,基本一个分论点可以轻松展开到180字以上。所以,在这样的情况下,可以不用仔细构思文章结构。因为知道即便不仔细构思,也不会出现一会写一半就没的写了的尴尬局面。所以这篇文章开头段写完以后没多想,直接在主体段陈述了自己的核心理由,也是笔者最想展开的理由:年轻人必须经历高薪少假的阶段。随后又提到开头段说到过的话题,我们所有人的最终目标是高薪长假。但我们并不能一步登天,而是要一步一步奋斗。
到这里,大家可以大致看清文章的论证思路了。我们在精讲精练班说过,主体段的展开,其实是一个因果逻辑链展开和证明的过程。基本上,任何的段落展开,其实都是某个逻辑链AàB的证明过程。仔细思考的话,不难发现,其实笔者的论证思路到这,逻辑链条已经清晰出现,即高薪少假的工作,可以带来高薪长假的工作。同时,由于这道独立写作题是个比较对比题,笔者还要证明的一个逻辑链为,低薪长假的工作,不能带来高薪长假的工作。
基本上,大家看第一个主体段会发现,笔者在论证的是,想得到高薪长假的工作,一定要奋斗。而第二个主体段在论证的是,高薪少假的工作给我们更多奋斗和锻炼的机会。多到什么程度呢?比低薪长假的工作多一倍。(2000小时vs. 4000小时部分)所以我们成长的也更快。
写到这里时,笔者又想到自己以前在会计师事务所加班的经历。通常加班猛的员工会得到老板的欣赏,因此也会被给予更多的机会和责任。所以便有了第二个主体段的第二个细节点What’s more的部分。这部分后来一共只写了50个字。这是因为笔者发现自己已经写够了近400字,所以觉得没有必要再进一步展开了。如果想进一步展开的话,这里最后完全可以再加一个个人经历的example来支持自己前面的观点。(高薪少假工作有更多的机会)如果真的是在考场上,时间已经所剩无几的话,那么此时就是开启结尾段之时。因此,后来直接all in all, 简单一句陈述结论:我选择高薪少假的工作。
不过最后同学们可能会有疑问说,老师,我如果展开能力没那么强,字数写了半天没凑够,那咋整?或者有同学会问说,老师,有没有一个操作性更强的方法?或者说是步骤化的方法?告诉我第一步该干什么,第二步,第三步分别干什么?第一个问题答案:练习展开能力。第二个问题答案依然是肯定的。
三步po解托福综合写作难题
托福写作考察的关键是什么?新托福综合写作考题不仅是对考生的写作能力的考察,更是对考生综合能力的考察。写作过程中的阅读与听力内容是学生必须要扎实掌握的部分;相比而言,阅读的完成难度并不算大。即使可能会遇到一些生词难词,但是一般基础过关的同学都可以轻松应对;而且关键是考试时有两次机会接触到阅读材料。相反,听力内容只出现一次。不仅如此,之前在阅读里出现的相关生词难词在听力中可能会再一次出现,而且因为不理解具体意思,加上不熟悉读音的关系会令听力难度增加,不易于理解。
如此一来,综合写作的难度就无疑加深了,托福写作解析变得非常必要。托福写作解析能够帮助更多的同学掌握写作技巧,突破写作难关。在托福写作的过程中,考生除了应该掌握尽可能多的听力技巧和熟悉对应的生词之外,关键是要摸清楚托福写作的听力套路与破绽,然后利用这些内容来快速地攻破托福综合写作。因为只要写作中听力不成问题,利用事先准备好的写作模板和格式来套用的话,200字左右的综合写作文章其实是难度不大的。
托福写作解析第一步:综合写作阅读部分
托福文章都是按照一般的英文作文先后排列顺序安排组织全文的,如快速浏览首段的第一句话就可大致知道全文的主题,而读懂首段最后一个句子或是后半部分一般就可以知晓作者的全文态度和观点了。
阅读部分最主要要抓住中心思想和三个分论点。但是细节和论证也需要稍加注意。
中心思想一般在开头段的最后一句话,如果中间出现了专有名词和代词,则需要往前看找相应的解释。
三个分论点一般都在全文的三个主体段落的首句或者是末句,如何判断是哪一句,则需要把握两点:第一,是否与中心思想直接有关;第二,是否是简明扼要表明观点的句子。剩余的内容则是每条理由的证明过程了。
托福写作解析第二步:综合写作听力部分
听力一般是对阅读进行反驳,因此,在听力的过程中,一定要注意讲话者的态度和观点,要抓准讲话者的反驳语气和反驳的内容,从而找到听力与阅读的反驳关系。而且听力的内容要尽可能地详尽,一般的话每个分论点的细节不会多于两个,但要注意的是听力提出的细节是阅读之前已经提到的并加以反驳的,还是讲话者提出的新论据。
具备一定听力技巧的同学都知道,听的过程中学会定位是至关重要的。而在我们综合写作中这一技能也是十分必须的。不论是停顿时间还是表示顺序的连接词,或是代表语义转换的语气词等都是一个不错的判断分段的标志。可是毕竟因为只有一遍的听力机会,所以有些停顿甚至是连词都未必能完全听到,因为事先毫无征兆。而这些必然会出现的关键词却不同,因为我们事先知道阅读对应段落的内容并且可以事先预测到了,所以其实最牢靠的定位方法还是利用每段中心句中的关键词来判断。
托福写作解析第三步:综合写作的写作部分
一般来讲,综合写作的结构分为四段式就足够了,开头一段,中间三段是三个分论点的论证;结尾段则不是必需的,考生在考试的时候完全可以略过。
开头段一定要讲明听力的主要观点,即中心思想,而且还要论证清楚听力与阅读的反驳对立的逻辑关系。
中间段的每段就是听力和阅读就每个分论点的反驳。考生可以先列清楚阅读的主要观点,然后再加上表示对比的连接词,如while,however,on the contrary之类,后面紧跟听力的主要观点,再之后就是对此观点详细论证的细节。
一般想得到一个好的分数,听力的细节应该尽可能地详尽和精确,但同时应该注意到不要整句地抄袭阅读和听力的原文,要进行相应程度地改写原文。
托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读
篇6:托福独立写作开头段写法
托福独立写作开头段4种优秀写法模板实例分析点评
1. 标准写法:直接表明立场开门见山
题目:
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies, but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
模板:
Contrary to the statement’s premise, my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies, because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
点评:
开门见山式的开头段写法其实是比较标准的一种写法,因为托福的独立写作从题目要求来说本质上就是一篇议论文,而且还是立论文,需要考生自己提出观点然后论述证明。那么在开头段就直接鲜明地亮出观点无疑是很合理的写法,对考官来说也能第一时间就看到你的观点,可以说是对读者比较友好的一种写法。比如上面的这个模板,就是第一句话直接写出了自己对题目的反对立场,并且最后给出了引出下面正式论述的引导句。这种开头段写法虽然不玩花样看似有点平淡甚至BORING,但对于不要求太多文笔更看重论述逻辑的议论文来说确实是比较高效的写法,也很适合新手考生进行模仿学习。
2. 创意写法:引用谚语名言联系现实
题目:
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.
模板:
As a saying goes, “God helps those help themselves”, which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned, I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
点评:
这种写法就比较有创意了,当然大家在写中文作文时肯定也用过,就是开头就先引用个名人名言压一下场面,比如某某曾经说过。。。这样的写法。这种写法对考生的英语积累有一定要求,引用的谚语或者名言既要符合题目场景切题,考生也需要完整记住这句名言而不能自行修改甚至凭空捏造,无论是强行凑名言还是伪造的做法都只会让结果适得其反。当然这种写法能够一定程度上展现出考生的英语素养和积累,可以说是一种比较炫技的写法,大家如果在英语的言语名言方面有不错的积累可以考虑一下这种写法。
3. 稳妥写法:先复述原题再引出观点
题目:
”We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
模板:
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings, as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits, I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes, moods, and even life styles.
点评:
这种写法比起直接开门见山亮观点的写法来说可能更加稳妥一些,毕竟先简单复述题目再表达自己观点是托福官方指南OG中比较推荐的开头写法。而且无论考生对题目观点是否赞同,对题目复述之后进行适当的让步再亮出观点也是一种比较委婉的表述方式。当然这种写法需要注意不能引用太多原题,而且不能照搬需要用自己的话来适当改动一下。这其中的度大家需要把握好,否则反而会引起一些不必要的扣分。
4. 设问写法:自问自答给出立场态度
题目:
\"As technologies and the demand for certain services change, many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker, not to government or to business.”
模板:
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete, who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjust? While individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work, both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
点评:
自问自答式的开头段写法在托福考试官方给出的范文类资料中是比较少见的。这种设问写法的作用也很明显,通过汇总其实也就是变相复述一下原题目,对其中比较尖锐的矛盾问题直接以提问的形式来引出之后自己的看法。这种写法其实是比较挑题目的,如果作文原题是那种有明显对立互斥观点,或者要求考生二选一的题目,那么用这种写法就比较适合了。而对于一些只要求考生给出自己的观点比较平淡一些的题目,这种写法可能就会给人强行挑事的感觉了。因此大家学习这种开头模板写法需要注意根据题目来选择使用。
总而言之,托福独立写作对开头段的要求比较高,考生需要写出优秀的开头段才能让自己的文章更有吸引力拿到更好的成绩。本文中提供的这4种写法模板,大家也可以尝试学习模仿一下,如果能够熟练掌握,应该会对大家的独立写作提分带来一定帮助。
托福写作模板:食物保存
Nowadays,food has become easier to prepare. Has this change improved the way people live? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
托福写作模板及范文参考:
Nowadays, wherever we turn our gaze, we can see different types of food that are easier to prepare. For instance, we can buy frozen foods in a supermarket and just prepare it in a couple of minutes, whereas before it could have taken us maybe hours to prepare this kind of meals. I would accept that this so-called improvement has changed our lives, but I believe that there are some drawbacks as well.
It is true that these kinds of food do not involve hard work to prepare, but food that is easy to prepare generally has some artificial ingredients mixed in it that makes it “easy-to-cook”. If we take time to read the ingredients, we would definitely come across words like preservatives or artificial flavorings. It was just a couple of days ago that I came across a newspaper article which stated that someone was poisoned because he ate this type of food. He was hospitalized for almost a month.
Not having to cook has also taken the fun out of cooking. Cooking is an art, but in today's world, this is no more true. People are so busy with their work that they just rely on this simple foods. The invention and production of this foods have made people lazy not only for cooking but also for a well family get-together. It was not like former times when families would sit together and eat freshly baked food. Instead, they are getting these artificial things with minimal nutrients in them.
Cooking in the yesteryears was much better than today's. People would spend more time in the kitchen, preparing the food in the way that they liked it. This brought families closer together and also contributed to the high quality and nutrition of the food. Granted, people are busier nowadays and do not have as much time as they did in the past, but I believe that people have forgotten the importance of healthy, fresh food and of the time a family spends together preparing the food. So, I would say that having food that is easy to prepare has had many disadvantages.
托福写作模板:在校学生打工
In some countries, teenagers have jobs while they are still students. Do you think this is a good idea? Support your opinion by using specific reasons and details.
托福写作范文参考:
I don't think it is a good idea for teenagers to have jobs while they are still students. It can interfere with their studies, it can disrupt their home life, and it takes away pan of their childhood that they can never replace.
Education today is very complex and difficult. In order to learn and get good grades, a student must work very hard and concentrate. This means attending classes from early in the morning until late afternoon, then doing research for projects, then going home and doing homework. It's a busy schedule for anyone. For someone trying to hold down a job, it's even harder. Students need all their energy for their studies. If they're working after class at night, they're going to be tired the next day. They won't be able to concentrate. This will have a negative impact on their learning, and eventually on their grades.
Having a job can also disrupt a teenager's home life. Families spend less and less time together. If a teenager has a job to go to after school, he won't be home for dinner. He won't be home after dinner, either, and may not get home until late at night. This means he doesn't have a lot of time to spend with his family. If he doesn't have a car, it can mean changes in his parents' schedules, too. They have to drive him to work and pick him up.
The main drawback of a teenager having a job while he's still a student is that he's missing out on the fun of being young. He has a whole lifetime in which he'll have to earn a living. This is the last free time he'll have. It's the last chance he'll have to hang out with friends and just enjoy himself.
Soon enough he'll have to worry about paying the rent and buying food.
Jobs bring money, but money isn't everything. A teenager with a job gives up too much. No one should spend all his time at work, and especially not a teenager.
托福
篇7:托福独立写作开头段写法要点
托福独立写作开头段写不好的问题比较普遍,之所以会存在这种问题,主要是由这些原因造成的。首先,在独立写作的写作框架中,一般都包括开头段、中间段和结尾段三大段落结构的划分。而从考试时间分配的角度来看,审题到完成70至90字左右的开头段,往往都建议把时间控制在5分钟以内,以便留出更为充分的时间进行中间段、结尾段的写作及最后检查。加上开头段看似简单、好操作的特点,很容易让许多考生忽略对开头段的练习和总结;或者是匆匆下笔;当然其中也存在一些学生看到独立写作题目后不知道如何下笔,导致后半部分时间没把握好、完成不佳的情况。那么综合以上的几种可能性的情况,我们该如何快速写好开头呢?
篇8:托福独立写作开头段写法要点
作为一篇文章的起始段,毫无疑问,开头段的写作好坏与否能够给包括阅卷老师在内的广大读者留下一个基础印象,即初步了解考生的英语语言组织基础和逻辑能力。因此,为了便于广大考生快速且高效地掌握独立写作的开头段方法,更好地呈现其语言及逻辑能力,在开头段的写作中,小编建议大家先掌握基础的“四部曲”的写作步骤:
1. 背景铺垫
在独立写作的背景铺垫中,首先我们需要明晰独立写作常考的15个topic,其中包括education,technology,sports等。在审题、理解题意之后,可以适当定位关键词进行文题分析和头脑风暴,进行社会背景定位。如托福独立写作真题:Which is more important in one's career life? The working knowledge and skills or the ability to adapt to new conditions.我们可以定位其核心关键词为 career life;working knowledge and skills和adaptability为选择项;可以定位本题所属topic为work,因此可以以“work or career life”作为背景铺垫进行开头段第一句话的写作。
示范:
Increasingly,under the backdrop of the fierce social competition and the need for searching for individual growth,people especially employees show great concern to their career development.
2. 文题引入
此步骤一定不要直接抄写原题。结合第一句的背景铺垫,可适当改写题目,引出有争议性的argument。
示范:
Naturally,considering the career development,several necessary factors should be taken into account.Then,compared with the ability to adapt to new conditions,is the working knowledge more important for that ?
3. 立场点明
立场是开头段最为重要且核心的句子,其作用是表明了考生对这一论题的态度,且后面内容的陈述也是建立在这一立场基础上进行论证、分析;立场表明时,尽量用自己的语言进行表述最佳。
4. 过渡承接
过渡句的作用是承上启下,承接开头段内容的同时,以一种自然流畅的方式简要引出下文,从而加强文章的逻辑关系;也可以适当提及中间段会涉及的论点,进行实际内容的铺垫。建议大家多进行练习和范文积累,一定可以总结出不同的过渡句写作方式。
示范:
… with several reasons to exemplify.
总而言之,托福独立写作开头段想要写好其实也并没有大家想的那么复杂,只有按照上文提到的方法练好开头段的写法基础,在结合自身的写作能力作进一步的提升,那么考生想要写好托福独立写作开头段也绝非难事。
托福备考之如何让你的文章更有新意
文章规范的布局
对于托福写作来说,规范的写作布局还是必不可少的。五段三点式文章结构的文章结构,永远就是托福独立写作主线脉络,比如,在托福写作的过程中。中间段落的文章结构就是Transitional words + topic sentence +development。如果考生在平时能熟练运用这样的一个结构来展开作文,那么考场上就会凭借这份思维定势来帮助自己抓住每一分。
Transitional words主要有以下三种,即表顺序:firstly, secondly, finally(last but not least);表并列:besides, in addition;表对比:in contrast, in comparison。这些衔接词会让文章看起来脉络清晰,组织严密,也就做到了评分标准中的“well-organized”一条。
写作观点的确定
对于托福写作来说,有了规范的写作布局,只能托福写作冲刺高分最为基础的一个环节。而对于文章的新意而言更多的就是来自于文章观点的确定。那么,在托福写作中想要写出一个有新意的观点,还是需要有着一定观察能力的,原班套用范文或是模板的内容,自然是无法提起阅卷人的兴趣。但是,大家也不必为了观点的对错,过于深究。因为托福写作主要还是考查对于话题的论述。有了自己原创的话题,自然就不用担心之后论述上观点雷同的问题。不过,在这里还是需要提醒大家,不要过于纠结观点的深度,观点定位过深,一时之间不能找到论据,导致无话可说,反而造成适得其反的效果了。
例证内容的诠释
在托福写作过程中,想要完美充实的布局整个文章托福写作的例证内容是必不可少的。相信很多同学在备考过程中,也会在备考的同时,不断的累积一些新的例证资料。但是,托福写作中,关键不在于例证的新意,而是在于你如何用新的看法来解释这些老的论据。而在托福写作时候,我们有时也会使用到一些托福范文的语句,但是,需要提醒大家的是,我们也需要学会如何改写语句中的内容,即便是不会改写,那么也可以换掉一些关键词。
托福写作语料库积累:运动
素材段落
As the most important event for the human race, the significance of the Olympic games has extended from a traditional global sports extravaganza to a celebration of diversifiedcultures and a ceremony in the hope of peace. The Olympics is undoubtedly an ideal international proving ground for athletes. It gives them the opportunity to compete against athletes of similar abilities on an international stage. This gives them the opportunity to compare themselves against each other and to determine how good they are internationally. The sportsmanship shown by this magnificent event inspires those who are pursuing their dreams. Although a gold medal is what all participants strive for, it is more crucial to realize that the most valuable fortune in life is not any triumph but the struggle. As the Olympic symbol demonstrates, the strength of cooperation, combined with the significance of every nation’s participation, is far greater than winning a competition.
单词和词组
diversified 多元化的
=diverse, various
The coverage of diversified knowledge makes the campus life colorful and interesting; it also prepares students for a successful tomorrow.
sportsmanship 运动员精神
话题词汇
田径 track and field
专业运动 professional sport
业余运动 amateur sport
全能选手 all-round athlete
体育设施 sports facility
令人难忘的比赛 memorable/unforgettable match
赢得比赛 win a match
打破世界纪录 break the world record
创造世界新纪录 set a new world record
托福写作
篇9:托福独立写作开头段如何写出高分水准
为什么写不好托福独立写作开头段?
托福独立写作开头段写不好的问题比较普遍,之所以会存在这种问题,主要是由这些原因造成的。首先,在独立写作的写作框架中,一般都包括开头段、中间段和结尾段三大段落结构的划分。而从考试时间分配的角度来看,审题到完成70至90字左右的开头段,往往都建议把时间控制在5分钟以内,以便留出更为充分的时间进行中间段、结尾段的写作及最后检查。加上开头段看似简单、好操作的特点,很容易让许多考生忽略对开头段的练习和总结;或者是匆匆下笔;当然其中也存在一些学生看到独立写作题目后不知道如何下笔,导致后半部分时间没把握好、完成不佳的情况。那么综合以上的几种可能性的情况,我们该如何快速写好开头呢?
篇10:托福独立写作开头段如何写出高分水准
作为一篇文章的起始段,毫无疑问,开头段的写作好坏与否能够给包括阅卷老师在内的广大读者留下一个基础印象,即初步了解考生的英语语言组织基础和逻辑能力。因此,为了便于广大考生快速且高效地掌握独立写作的开头段方法,更好地呈现其语言及逻辑能力,在开头段的写作中,小编建议大家先掌握基础的“四部曲”的写作步骤:
1. 背景铺垫
在独立写作的背景铺垫中,首先我们需要明晰独立写作常考的15个topic,其中包括education,technology,sports等。在审题、理解题意之后,可以适当定位关键词进行文题分析和头脑风暴,进行社会背景定位。如托福独立写作真题:Which is more important in one's career life? The working knowledge and skills or the ability to adapt to new conditions.我们可以定位其核心关键词为 career life;working knowledge and skills和adaptability为选择项;可以定位本题所属topic为work,因此可以以“work or career life”作为背景铺垫进行开头段第一句话的写作。
示范:
Increasingly,under the backdrop of the fierce social competition and the need for searching for individual growth,people especially employees show great concern to their career development.
2. 文题引入
此步骤一定不要直接抄写原题。结合第一句的背景铺垫,可适当改写题目,引出有争议性的argument。
示范:
Naturally,considering the career development,several necessary factors should be taken into account.Then,compared with the ability to adapt to new conditions,is the working knowledge more important for that ?
3. 立场点明
立场是开头段最为重要且核心的句子,其作用是表明了考生对这一论题的态度,且后面内容的陈述也是建立在这一立场基础上进行论证、分析;立场表明时,尽量用自己的语言进行表述最佳。
4. 过渡承接
过渡句的作用是承上启下,承接开头段内容的同时,以一种自然流畅的方式简要引出下文,从而加强文章的逻辑关系;也可以适当提及中间段会涉及的论点,进行实际内容的铺垫。建议大家多进行练习和范文积累,一定可以总结出不同的过渡句写作方式。
示范:
… with several reasons to exemplify.
总而言之,托福独立写作开头段想要写好其实也并没有大家想的那么复杂,只有按照上文提到的方法练好开头段的写法基础,在结合自身的写作能力作进一步的提升,那么考生想要写好托福独立写作开头段也绝非难事。
人手一份的托福写作高分模板
A or B
托福写作模板-开头
An increasing number of people begin to realize/ complain/ question that...
OR: The majority of people tend to have a favorable/ an unfavorable attitude towards something
OR: X.X.X has now caused wide public concern
OR: When it comes to... people often consider...
The thing is, which X.X.X, A or B, (is a more efficient mean of learning/ what do we mean by)? People may give various answers to this question.
OR:Ask people… and they may give a diverse of answers based on their individual value systems
Some believe that… while others/ some claim… On balance, my favor goes to A.
托福写作模板-正文
To begin with, I concede that B serves as an independent factor in (a successful education)/ is of great value/ B is superior to A since
After all,
However compelling these cases may sound, B is not without its problems.
OR: However compelling these cases may sound, they cannot overshadow the significant role that
A plays in X.X. For example,
In this sense,
Therefore, too much emphasis on B is actually dangerous/ harmful and may go contrary to our primary purpose of
On the other hand, A can address/ respond to some people’s needs that B cannot
For one thing, For another,
托福写作模板-结尾
In the final analysis, it is true that both A and B are part and parcel of X. However, considering the potential problems resulted from B and the great benefits of A, I believe it is sensible to (choose A)
托福写作解析:超实用写作攻略
托福写作解析之内容简单化
托福写作内容简单化是考生在构思托福作文时应遵循的原则。考生不论是在练习时还是在考场上都应当牢记这一点。许多考生在作文上败下阵来就是因为花费了大量的时间和精力追求内容的新颖别致,却忽略了托福考试的目的。ETS主要是考查考生对于英语语言的语用和理解上面,并不需要考生多么复杂或者高级的英语表达方式。考生在写作时只要保证自己的内容符合逻辑,能够言之有理、言之成理、切题即可,还是应该把注意力放在如何追求语言的得体性上。因此,考生在构思内容上不用花费太长的时间,在认真读题并将其理解透彻以后,可以简单列个提纲,作为写作过程中内容的提示。从而能够一气呵成地完成托福文章,使得文章内容更加的流畅。
托福写作解析之结构模式化
托福写作解析的第二大策略是结构模式化,这也是最核心的一条策略。针对托福考试中可能出现的题型按照固定的结构模式进行训练。托福写作一般有三种结构模式,一是一边倒的结构模式,这一模式又可分为两种,一边倒和修正型一边倒。一边倒是说考生在文章中完全同意一种观点,只需要列举几个理由,并展开讨论,不会由于内容复杂而产生逻辑的混乱,而缺点在于相对单一的内容会使考生觉得没有太多话可写。修正型一边倒的写法是指考生即可以写赞成这种观点的理由,也可以谈反对它的理由。第二种是折衷的写法,考生可以先写赞成一种观点的几点理由,接着写赞成另一种观点的理由,最后考生就自己的情况,明确表示最终赞成哪一种观点。
托福写作解析之语言包装化
做到内容简单化和结构模式化,考生就已经向TOEFL高分作文的目标迈进了一大步,如果考生还能在语言的细节上下一些功夫,托福作文的分数就会更上一层楼,这也就是我们接下来要讲的托福写作解析内容:语言要包装。前面我们已经说过,托福作文的测试重点是考生的语言能力,因而在语言细节上下一点功夫就可以让考生展示自己的语言修养。作文中语言的包装主要应从以下六点入手:语法方面的包装,词汇的包装,文化移入,引用名人名言,地道的英语习语,文体意识。
托福考试复习攻略之托福写作十大高分句型盘点
01
定语从句
这应该算是写作中最常用的一种句型之一。适当地运用定语从句可以给你的文章增色不少。
例:Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.
→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
02
状语从句
在写作当中运用的最多的是以下五种状语从句,即原因状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句,时间状语从句和目的状语从句。
1. 原因状语从句:常由because, as, since和for引导
例: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.
尽管如此,我还是赞成太空探险,因为它的好处远远大于坏处。
2. 让步状语从句:常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引导
例: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
3. 条件状语从句:常由if, on the condition that和providing that引导
例: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志,你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。
4. 时间状语从句:常由when和while引导
例: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
5. 目的状语从句: 常由so that和in order that引导
例: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识,使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
03
宾语从句
例1: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.
一些人认为政府应对环境污染负主要责任。
例2: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果,无法避免。
04
同位语从句
例1: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.
环境污染变得越来越严重是不可否认的事实。
例2: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实:对于一般工人来讲,轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
05
主语从句
例1: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.
值得注意的是农村和城市的生态环境都在不断恶化。
例2: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.
众所周知,环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。
06
强调句
It is + 被强调的内容 + that
例: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.
汽车和工厂排放大量的废气,使得环境被污染。
07
倒装句
例: Only if the government take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.
只有政府采取适当的措施,这个棘手的问题才能被解决。
08
被动语态
例: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.
人们应竭尽全力来保护我们赖以生存的环境。
09
分词结构
包括现在分词和过去分词。
例1: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.
旅游业是一个新兴的行业,它成为经济的主要, 在很多东南亚国家起着尤为重要的作用。
例2: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.
具体来说,政府应该出台相关法律法规对制造大量污染物的工厂及故意乱扔垃圾随地吐痰的人进行严惩。
10
插入语
一种独立成分,与句子的其它成分一般没有语法上的关系,大都是对一句话作一些附加说明或解释。它通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,位置较为灵活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
例1: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.
电脑,我们生活中必不可少的一部分,给我们带来了极大的方便。
例2: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.
大学生,没有社会经验,容易上当受骗。
篇11:托福写作开头段高分写法思路解读之重述法实例讲解
托福写作开头段重述法写作思路简介
所谓重述法,即是对关于这个话题的当前现状的重述。考生在审完一篇作文的题目要求,有时候脑子里一时之间可能想不出应该如何展开思路,这种时候大家就可以用重述法来进行开头段落的撰写。
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