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雅思阅读专项训练：拿奥运奖牌还要缴

时间：2022年12月28日

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以下是小编收集整理的雅思阅读专项训练：拿奥运奖牌还要缴，本文共9篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。本文原稿由网友“热咛啡”提供。

篇1：雅思阅读专项训练：拿奥运奖牌还要缴

雅思阅读专项训练：拿奥运奖牌还要缴税?

参加伦敦奥运会的美国选手获得奖牌后尽享风光的同时，美国国税局已经盯上他们了。获得奖牌的选手所交税额是综合奖牌本身市值和获得的奖金总数后计算得出的，税率为35%。获得金、银、铜牌的美国选手获得的奖金分别为2.5万、1.5万和1万美元，而金、银、铜牌的市值为675、385和5美元，由此他们要交的税分别为8986、5385和3500美元。佛罗里达州一位参议员听闻这一报道后专门上交提案，建议对这些得奖运动员免于征税。他表示，美国的税法很复杂，而且经常被用来当作惩罚成功人士的工具。

When Olympic medalists return to the United States, they're in high demand. Everyone, from Michael Phelps to a bronze medalist in judo will be sitting for television interviews, talking to newspapers, going to assemblies at local schools and celebrating with friends, family and young athletes. They'll also draw some unwanted interest from everyone's favorite bureaucrats: the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

American medalists face a top income tax rate of 35 percent. Under U.S. tax law, they must add the value of their Olympic medals and prizes to their taxable income. It is therefore easy to calculate the tax bite on Olympic glory.

At today’s commodity prices, the value of a gold medal is about $675. A silver medal is worth about $385 while a bronze medal is worth under $5.

There are also prizes that accompany each medal: $25,000 for gold, $15,000 for silver, and $10,000 for bronze.

The Weekly Standard, a conservative news magazine, ran the numbers and tabulated that the tax bill on a gold is $8,986, silver is $5,385 and bronze is $3,500.

They note that Missy Franklin, an amateur who has yet to cash in on her fame with endorsements, already owes $14,000 in taxes from her gold and silver medal. By the time the Games are finished, Franklin's tax bill could reach $30,000.

Florida senator Marco Rubio reacted to the story on Wednesday, proposing a bill that would leave athletes exempt from the federal tax. “Our tax code is a complicated and burdensome mess that too often punishes success, and the tax imposed on Olympic medal winners is a classic example of this madness,” he told reporters.

雅思阅读专项训练：美公务员上班看奥运被叫停

L.A.'s chief technology officer sends email imploring city workers to stop watching the Olympics online, fearing it could trigger a massive computer crash.

Olympics coverage is certainly winning gold medals at L.A. City Hall, where so many employees are watching online that the city's chief technology officer begged them to stop for fear of a municipal computer meltdown.

“We are experiencing a high volume of traffic due to people watching the Olympics online. I respectfully request that you discontinue this as it is impacting city operations,” city tech guru Randi Levin wrote in an email sent to thousands of workers Tuesday morning.

The email came on a day when the US women's gymnastics team was competing, as well as the women's soccer team.

Some council members expressed alarm at the prospect that city employees were watching the Olympics instead of doing their jobs.

“City employees aren't paid to watch the Olympics on their computers or TV. That is not what the taxpayers are paying them to do,” said Councilman Dennis Zine, who saw the email. “The question is where are the supervisors when this is going on?”

Councilwoman Jan Perry said she's outraged and wants the city to block Olympic streaming from City Hall computers.

Mark Wolf, executive officer for information technology for the city, said he had not discussed the email with Levin but said any time employees watch streaming material, it takes up a tremendous amount of bandwidth. NBC is streaming the games live online, which taxes highly valuable bandwidth.

Asked about the city's struggling computer systems, Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa's press office referred calls to Levin, who did not return calls seeking comment.

洛杉矶首席技术官给该市的公务员们发邮件，请求他们不要在上班期间在线观看奥运比赛，担心这会引发大规模电脑死机。

奥运报道的收视率显然正在洛杉矶市政厅拿着，在这里众多职员们都在网上观看比赛，而该市的首席技术官却恳求他们不要再在线看比赛，害怕会造成市政厅计算机系统瘫痪。

该市技术专家兰迪?莱文在他周二上午给数千公务员发出的邮件中写道：“由于大量工作人员在线观看奥运会，我们的网络流量非常大。我恳求你们停止这一行为，因为这影响到市政运作。”

邮件发出的当天，美国女子体操队和女子足球队都要参加比赛。

一些市议员对市公务员工作期间看比赛而非从事本职工作的情况表示担忧。

市议员丹尼斯?金看到邮件后说：“纳税人缴税可不是为了让公务员在电脑或电视上看奥运会的。问题在于，这种情况发生时，监督者在哪里。”

市议员简?佩里说，她对此感到非常愤怒，希望政府拦截市政厅计算机系统的奥运网络资源。

洛杉矶市信息技术首席执行官马克?沃尔夫表示他并没有就该邮件与莱文讨论过，但是他指出，职员只要观看流媒体音频和视频就会占用大量的带宽。美国全国广播公司在网络上直播奥运比赛，占用了宝贵的宽带带宽。

被问到该市几近瘫痪的计算机系统时，安东尼奥?维拉戈沙市长的新闻办公室让记者把采访电话打给莱文。当记者致电莱文请他做出评论后，莱文也没有回电。

雅思阅读专项训练：心情不好怎么办

心情不好怎么办?去购物吗?把钱花光了，心情就好了?还有更省钱又有效的方法，助你糟糕心情High起来!计划一次旅行，做一顿大餐，看一部喜剧。打败坏心情，其实很容易。

Although I'm all for indulging in activities to boost your mood, retail therapy is definitely a pricey way to do it. And it might make you feel worse in the long run if your shopping expedition makes a dent in your bank account. Here are some wallet-friendly ways to turn around a bad day:

虽然我很赞成去做一些能提升心情的活动，但是购物疗法无疑是种昂贵的方式。从长远的角度上看，购物后你的账户余额会减少，那时你可能会感到更难受。下面是几种既提升心情又省钱的妙招：

1.Start planning a trip.Make a plan to take some days off and start researching destination ideas. Research has shown that planning and anticipating a trip has an even greater effect on happiness than the actual trip itself.

1.开始计划一次旅行。计划休几天假，并开始调研目的地。研究发现计划并憧憬一次旅行比实际的旅行会更让人开心。

2.Make yourself a happy meal. A happy meal is basically comfort food you can make at home that will help you feel better. Perhaps it's a childhood favorite like Oreos and milk or maybe a secret family recipe.

2.自己动手做一顿快乐之餐。一顿快乐之餐就是你自己在家做的可口食物，它能让你感觉好一些。也许它是你儿时的，比如奥利奥、牛奶，也许是你按家传秘方做出的食物。

3.Set a goal and accomplish it. Set a small and reasonable goal and complete it before the end of the night. It can be simple tasks like washing the dishes or finishing up two chapters of a mystery novel. You'll feel better when you're getting things done.

3.制定目标并加以实现。制定一个小且合理的目标，并在晚上睡觉前实现它。可以是简单的任务比如洗盘子或看完两章推理小说。当你实现目标的时候，你会感觉好一些。

4.Do something nice for someone. Doing a nice act for someone can make you feel better, studies have shown. They can be small acts like sending an email to your best friend telling her how much you appreciate her, or making dinner for your partner.

4.为他人做点儿好事。研究表明，为他人做好事为让人开心。这些事儿可以是给你的朋友发封电子邮件，告诉她你多么感激她，或为伴侣做顿饭.

5.Remember the good. Write out a gratitude list of things that you're grateful for. Noting down a list of things that you are grateful for can renew your appreciation in things that you've been taking for granted. Writing a gratitude list will cause you to put more focus on the positive and less on the negative.

5.记住别人为你做过的好事。写一个感激清单，在上面列上你所感激的事情。记下你所感激的事情，会让你对以前认为理所当然的事重生感激之情，也会让你更加关注积极的事情，减少对负面事情的注意。

雅思阅读专项训练：“防出轨戒指”

说戒指有很多种，比如说老年间老奶奶们喜欢带的明晃晃金灿灿夺人耳目的金镏子，有钱富二代娶媳妇求婚买的5克拉大钻石，或者代表已婚的pt素圈儿。其实无论是什么戒指都是代表佩戴者已经心有所属，所以很多已婚出轨的男女都会把戒指偷偷装起来充钻石王老五，或者大龄未婚女青年。现在美国就出了这么一款“防出轨戒指”，在戒指的内侧刻上了我“已婚”的字样。就算偷偷摘下来，手指上也会留下抹不掉的印记!

Your cheatin’ heart may not tell on you, but this wedding ring might. Perfect for today’s promiscuous lifestyles, the Anti-Cheating wedding ring makes sure to display your marital status, even when you take it off。

“With Arnold, Tiger and two timing IMF guy in mind, we have created this wedding ring for people intent on cheating. The negative engraving on the inside means that when you are in the ‘Club’ and an attractive woman… or man comes along to chat, slipping your wedding ring off is not an option. The mark left on your skin says…’I’m Married’。”

Brought to you by The Cheeky, this titanium wedding ring may help keep your cheatin’ heart from straying too far. At least, until the impression disappears… Now this ring is charged $550.

篇2：雅思阅读训练之长句子专项分析

【高分秘籍】雅思阅读训练之长句子专项分析

多年朗读英文造成的悲剧性后果就是很多学生不把看到的东西念出来，他就读不下去，看不懂文章，这样的阅读其实是在读音节，而其阅读的速度会大大减慢，正确的读法应是读意群(word group),所谓的意群就是指几个相邻的表示同类意思的词，而读意群就是说把这几个词用一眼看下来，可以使阅读速度成数倍的提高。这种能力的训练是帮你拿到雅思阅读6.5分以上的最重要的训练。

当然在短时间内拿到理想的分数，我们在课堂上所讲述的雅思5大题型的技巧是分不开的，但是如果只有技巧，只能帮助你在短时间内找到绝大多数题目的位置，可是毕竟某些能力的题目需要精读的技能，这就是从句式结构开始训练。

例句： The methods that a community devisesto perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the culture legacy that thatcommunity perceives as essential.

这样的句子，我们完全不用一个一个单词的来读，因为英语中有许多虚词，只有语法意义而无实际的意思;还有许多词组，只有几个词放在一起才有完整的意义，如上述的例句的前3个词the methods that,我们可以看出，the methods是名词，that 是一个连词，因为that 的后面是句子a community devises toperpetuate itself。

即that所引导的句子为定语从句，是修饰that methods,即什么样的methods，而come into being是谓语， come into being意思指的是：come into existence or 简单点 is made，to preserve是目的，即protect，aspects of the culture legacy,这是一个A OF B的名词短语，在此短语中，culture legacy,是重要的部分，而后面有两个that,前一个that不言而喻是连词，后一个that 是介词，指代thatcommunity,culture legacy是名词，后用that的句子在后做修饰，因此为定语。上句只须读为：

The methods come into being to preserve culture legacy.大致的意思都应能理解了，所以不论多复杂的句子都能把他的复杂性转为简单来阅读即可，即句子的主谓宾。

【雅思阅读素材】《行尸走肉》经典台词赏析

All this time，running from walkers，you forget what people do，have always done!

这么久以来，我们一直逃避行尸，却忘了活人的丑恶，他们一向如此丑恶!

Y’all look to him and then you blame him when he’s not perfect.

你们依靠他还责怪他的不完美!

You don't get to do that, to come into somebody's life, make them care and then just check out.

你不能这样, 走进某人的生活, 让他在乎你后又一走了之.

If you don't have hope ，what's the point of living ?

如果你没有希望，那活着还有什么意义?

I’d rather have you pissed off at me and alive , than liking me and dead!

我宁愿你活着恨我，也不想你死了爱我!

People believe what they want to believe .

人们相信自己想相信的事。

We always think there's gonna be more time，then it runs out.

我们总以为还有很长的路要走，却不知不觉已到尽头。

If it feels easy ，don't do it ，don't let the world spoil you.

不要选择轻松的那条路，别让这个世界污染你。

Life was always a test.

生活永远都是考验。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

From The Economist print edition

How shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales

1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is， how ants， bees or any social animal， including humans， behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.

2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome， Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology， described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted： for instance， by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store， forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes， also of the Florida Institute of Technology， set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that， if a certain product is seen to be popular， shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.

3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag， a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information， and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods， a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high， he is more likely to select it too.

4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is， the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world， mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work， and testing will get under way in the spring.

5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could， indeed， be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded， they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank， but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed， the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.

6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category， and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge， Massachusetts， also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.

7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home， you can still be part of the swarm.

Questions 1-6

Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.

2. In shops， products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.

3. According to Mr. Usmani， with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon， a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.

4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store， shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.

5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high， other customers tend to follow them.

6. Using the “swarm-moves” model， shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.

Questions 7-12

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 write

YES if the statement agrees with the information

NO if the statement contraicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage

7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.

8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.

9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.

10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.

11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.

12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.

篇3：古诗阅读专项训练

古诗阅读专项训练

一、阅读下面一首唐诗，然后回答问题。

送严士元

刘长卿

春风倚棹阖闾城，水国春寒阴复晴。

细雨湿衣看不见，闲花落地听无声。

日斜江上孤帆影，草绿湖南万里情。

君去若逢相识问，青袍今已误儒生。

1．此诗虽未着一字言别，但笔笔曲深，字字传情。请从五、六句中找出最能体现诗人感情的一个字，并作简要分析。

2．“一切景语皆情语。”诗中的三、四两句是有名的`写景传情的句子，有人说诗人观察入微，下笔精细，结合本诗的意境，谈谈你的看法。

二、阅读下面一首诗，完成后面的问题。

东山（节选）

我徂东山，不归。我来自东，零雨其鳌

鹳鸣于垤，妇叹于室。洒扫穹窒，我征聿至。

有敦瓜苦，A在栗薪。自我不见，于今三年。

【注】徂：cú，往、去。：久远。垤（dié）：小土丘。穹窒：房屋。聿：语气助词，有“将要”的意思。敦：孤独之貌。瓜苦：一种葫芦。古俗在婚礼上剖瓠瓜成两张瓢，夫妇各执一瓢盛酒漱口。A：放置。栗薪：束薪，即撂上柴堆。

1．从内容上讲，这是一首什么样的诗歌？

2．结合诗歌，简要分析本诗的思想内容。

三、阅读下面一首元曲，完成后面的问题。

秋

白朴

孤村落日残霞，轻烟老树寒鸦，一点飞鸿影下。青山绿水，白草红叶黄花。

1．本曲的前两句描绘了几幅图景？有何共性？

2．第三句中 “一点飞鸿影下”与前两句的写景有何关系？试作简要分析。

篇4：雅思阅读选择题如何拿高分

雅思阅读选择题想拿高分?你得看这个

选择题有两种类型：单选题和多选题。

多数情况下，选择题都是考察文中的细节信息，但也有少数单选题会考察文章的主旨信息。比如，当一篇文章原本就没有标题的时候，那么这篇文章出的最后一个题目一定是让我们选择文章标题的单选题;再比如有时候题目会问到写这篇文章的目的，或者写某个段落的目的。像这种提问意图的选择题，以及选择文章或段落标题的选择题就是考察主旨的选择题，对于考察主旨的选择题来说，我们在选择答案的时候一定要选择一个最概括的选项来作为答案，那些文章没提到过的或者过于片面的选项都是要排除的选项。

接下来，我们就来分析一下考察细节信息选择题。多选题都是考察细节的选择题。对于多选题来说，题干中的信息一定包含题目的定位信息，所以必须找出题干中的定位词，然后回到原文中扫读包含定位词的语句。而对于多选题的正确选项来说，都是出自定位词所在的段落或者相邻的一两个段落里，不可能相差太远，除非题干中的定位词很明显地出现在比较远的段落里。

其次，对于考察细节的单选题来说，题干信息同样重要，但往往很多同学在做单选题的时候容易忽略掉题干的信息，而是去根据选项的信息去找答案了。这种做法无疑使得在做单选题的时候思路不清，不知道自己该找什么了，这种时候有的同学就下意识地去选择文中提及过的选项，而忽略的什么样的选项才是能够回答问题的选项。所以，在做任何选择题的时候，第一步永远是看明白题干到底问什么。第二步，便是从题干中找出定位词，回到原文中扫读包含定位词的语句，但有时候题干的定位词在原文中不明显或者被同义替换，这些时候我们就需要适当的借助选项中比较容易被找到的特殊词或者重复出现的关键词来辅助定位，需要注意的是根据选项信息定到的位置是选项的对应的原文位置，不一定是正确的选项，所以要找到题目答案，还是要在根据选项定到的位置附近找到题干的位置，通常情况下这才是离正确答案最近的位置。这就是为什么有时候做选择题需要读的可能是文章中定位词出现的位置附近的几句话，而非仅仅定位词所在的句子了。

在做选择的过程中，无非就是两种方法：直选法和排除法。不管用哪种方法，只要能快速准确的做出题目就好，当直选难以选出正确答案的时候，我们就去用排除法排除错误答案，这样剩下的便是正确的选项了。那么，什么样的选项会是错误选项呢?

我们把错误选项分为四类：

1、选项中的关键词在原文中未提及或者判断不出选项信息是否和原文信息一致的情况下，该选项是错误的。换句话说，如果把每个选项当成判断题来做，那么判断出答案是NOT GIVEN，这样的选项便是错误选项，需要排除。

2、选项信息和原文信息相抵触的情况下，该选项是错误选项，需要排除。

3、当选项信息和原文信息一致，但选项信息却无法回答题干问题的情况下，即使是和原文一致的信息也是错误的，需要排除。

4、最后一种情况也是最容易被错选的：当选项中的关键词信息非常明显地在定位词出现的位置附近出现了，这样的选项只能是部分信息和原文一致，而我们要选出的正确选项一定是全部信息都得和原文一致的并且能够回答题干问题的信息才是正确的信息。所以这种部分信息一致，但整体却不一定一致的选项也是错误的，需要排除。

最后，希望大家在读了这篇文章之后，试着用上文中所提到的一些做题技巧，在之后做选择题的时候，思路能够更清晰，做题能够更快速、更准确

雅思阅读机经真题解析-纸张和电脑

Paper or Computer?

A Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. But that hasn't happened. Every country in the Western world uses more paper today, on a per-capita basis, than it did ten years ago. The consumption of uncoated free-sheet paper, for instance — the most common kind of office paper — rose almost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995 and This is generally taken as evidence of how hard it is to eradicate old, wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are to the efficiencies offered by computerization. A number of cognitive psychologists and ergonomics experts, however, don't agree Paper has persisted, they argue, for very good reasons: when it comes to performing certain kinds of cognitive tasks, paper has many advantages over computers The dismay people feel at the sight of a messy desk — or the spectacle of air-traffic controllers tracking fj through notes scribbled on paper strips — arises from a fundamental confusion about the role that paper plays in our lives.

B The case for paper is mode most eloquently in “The Myth of the Paperless Office”, by two social scientists. Abigail Sellen and Richard Harper. They begin their book with an account of a study they conducted at the International Monetary Fund, in Washington. D.C. economists at the I.M.F. spend most of their time writing reports on complicated economic questions, work that would seem to be perfectly suited to sitting in front of a computer. Nonetheless, the I.M.F. is awash in paper, and Sellen and Harper wanted to find out why. Their answer is that the business of reports — at least at the I M F. — is an intensely collaborative process, the professional judgments and contributions of many people. The economists bring drafts of reports to conference rooms, spread out the relevant pages, and negotiate changes with one other. They go back to their offices and jot down comments in the margin, taking advantage of the freedom offered by the informality of the handwritten note. Then they deliver the annotated draft to the author in person, taking him, page by page, through the suggested changes. At the end of the process, the author spreads out all the pages with comments on his desk and starts to enter them on the computer — moving the pages around as he works, organizing and reorganizing, saving and discarding.

C Without paper, this kind of collaborative and iterative work process would be much more difficult. According to Sellen and Harper, paper has a unique set of “affordances” — that is, qualities that permit specific kinds of uses. Paper is tangible: we can pick up a document, flip through it, read little bits here and there, and quickly get a sense of it. Paper is spatially flexible, meaning that we can spread it out and arrange it in the way that suits us best. And it's tailorable: we can easily annotate it, and scribble on it as we read, without altering the original text. Digital documents, of course, have their own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, remotely, and linked to other relevant material. But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group of people working together on a report. Sellen and Harper write:

D Paper enables a certain kind of thinking. Picture, for instance, the top of your desk. Chances are that you have a keyboard and a computer screen off to one side, and a clear space roughly eighteen inches square in front of your chair. What covers the rest of the desktop is probably piles — piles of papers, journals, magazines, binders, postcards, videotapes, and all the other artifacts of the knowledge economy. The piles look like o mess, but they aren't. When a group at Apple Computer studied piling behavior several years ago, they found that even the most disorderly piles usually make perfect sense to the piles, and that office workers could hold forth in great detail about the precise history and meaning of their piles. The pile closest to the cleared, eighteen-inch-square working area, for example, generally represents the most business, and within that pile the most important document of all is likely to be at the top. Piles are living, breathing archives. Over time, they get broken down and resorted, sometimes chronologically and sometimes thematically and sometimes chronologically and thematically; clues about certain documents may be physically embedded in the file by, say, stacking a certain piece of paper at an angle or inserting dividers into the stack.

E But why do we pile documents instead of filing them? Because piles represent the process of active, ongoing thinking. The psychologist Alison Kidd, whose research Sellen and Harper refer to extensively, argues that “knowledge workers” use the physical space of the desktop to hold “ideas which they cannot yet categorize or even decide how they might use” The messy desk is not necessarily a sign of disorganization. It may be a sign of complexity: those who deal with many unresolved ideas simultaneously cannot sort and file the papers on their desks, because they haven't yet sorted and filed the ideas in their head. Kidd writes that many of the people she talked to use the papers on their desks as contextual cues to “recover a complex set of threads without difficulty and delay” when they come in on a Monday morning, or after their work has been interrupted by a phone call. What we see when we look at the piles on our desks is, in a sense, the contents of our brains.

F This idea that paper facilitates a highly specialized cognitive and social process is a far cry from the way we have historically thought about the stuff. Paper first began to proliferate in the workplace in the late nineteenth century as part of the move toward “systematic management.” To cope with the complexity of the industrial economy, managers were instituting company-wide policies and demanding monthly, weekly, or even daily updates from their subordinates. Thus was born the monthly sales report, and the office manual and the internal company newsletter. The typewriter took off in the eighteen-eighties, making it possible to create documents in a fraction of the time it had previously taken, and that was followed closely by the advent of carbon paper, which meant that a typist could create ten copies of that document simultaneously. Paper was important not to facilitate creative collaboration and thought but as an instrument of control.

Questions 27-32

The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.

Write the correct number, i-x. in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings

i. paper continued as a sharing or managing must

ii. piles can be more inspiring rather than disorgansing

iii. Favorable situation that economists used paper pages

iv. overview of an unexpected situation: paper survived

v. comparison between efficiencies for using paper and using computer

vi. IMF' paperless office seemed to be a waste of papers

vii. example of failure for avoidance of paper record

viii. There are advantages of using a paper in offices

ix. piles reflect certain characteristics in people' s thought

x. joy of having the paper square in front of computer

1. Paragraph A

2. Paragraph B

3. Paragraph C

4. Paragraph D

5. Paragraph E

6. Paragraph G

Questions 33-36 Summary

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-36 on your answer sheet.

Compared with digital documents, paper has several advantages. First it allows clerks to work in a____33____way among colleagues. Next, paper is not like virtual digital versions, it's____34____. Finally, because it is____35____note or comments can be effortlessly added as related information. However, shortcoming comes at the absence of convenience on task which is for a____36____.

Question 37-40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

Write your answer in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

37 What do the economists from IMF say that their way of writing documents?

A they note down their comments for freedom on the drafts

B they finish all writing individually

C they share ideas on before electronic version was made

D they use electronic version fully

38 What is the implication of the “Piles” mentioned in the passage?

A they have underlying orders

B they are necessarily a mess

C they are in time sequence order

D they are in alphabetic order

39 What does the manager believe in sophisticated economy?

A recorded paper can be as management tool

B carbon paper should be compulsory

C Teamwork is the most important

D monthly report is the best way

40 According to the end of this passage, what is the reason why paper is not replaced by electronic vision?

A paper is inexpensive to buy

B it contributed to management theories in western countries

C people need time for changing their old habit

D it is collaborative and functional for tasks implement and management

文章题目：纸张还是电脑?

篇章结构

体裁

论说文

题目

纸张还是电脑？

结构

A：总述纸张仍然存在,并且没有被电脑代替的事实

B: 经济学家运用纸张的这种现状

C: 在办公室使用纸张的一些好处

D：堆积会更启发灵感而不是杂乱

E：堆积会反映人们思考的特点

F：纸张继续作为分享和管理的必不可少的物质

试题分析

Question 1-。。。

题目类型：

题号

定位词

文中对应点

题目解析

Computer replace

Paper

A段前两句

A段前两句说纸张没有被电脑科技代替，后几句接着说了现在纸张用的量还在增加，并且说明了为什么纸张存在的合理性。所以只有iv. overview of an unexpected situation—paper survived.这一选项概括了A段的意思。

IMF. Is awash in paper

B段第三句

B段首先讲了两个社会学家的无纸化办公的理论，但是从第三句开始一直在讲在国际货币基金组织里面纸张被使用的现状，所以对应iii选项.

Affordance

Tangible

tailorable

C段第二三四句开头

C段开头说如果没有纸张，写作变得困难，然后继续说纸张有很多功能可见性比如纸张是有形的，纸张可以修改。所以对应选项viii.

Piles aren’t

mess

D段第三句

D段第三句说堆积不是杂乱，后几句说的是研究表明看似杂乱的堆积其实是有规律的。对应选项ii.

Piles represent

active

E段前两句

E段第一句先提出问题，为什么将文件摞起来而不是归档？然后第二句回答说摞放表示动态的思考过程所以选ix.

Important instrument

Control

F段尾句

F段最后总结说，纸张不是在创造性的集体写作方面重要，而是在作为控制手段时显得格外重要。所以对应选项i.

Advantage

way colleagues

C段首句

根据advantage我们知道这是在讲第三段的内容，根据way 和colleague 可知要选的是描述纸张是什么样的方式来在工作中起作用。所以是collaborative和iterative。

not like digital

version

C段第三句

这个空是和digital version的比较，第三句说pick

Up 和flip都是比较，所以是tangible可见的。

Note comment

added

C段第五句

Annotate和scribble都对应 Note and comment

Added，所以是tailorable 。

Shortcoming

C段最后一句

对应C段最后一句说到了缺点并且题中还有一个a ，所以应该是 group of people。

Economist

IMF

Writing

Documents

B 段最后一句

根据 IMF和economists定位到第二段，正确选项是对应到最后一句话At the end of the process，…start to enter them on computer…所以对应C选项。A选项说note for freedom与原文有出入，B的finish individually与段落的第四句意思相反，文中说的是这个过程是合作的。D选项的use electronic version fully 显然和文中相反，文中说到也用纸张。

Piles

D段第5、6句

文中说堆积看起来很乱，其实不然，通过研究表明，即使最乱的堆积也有摆放者自己的思路。所以对应A选型，underlying order 潜在的顺序

Manager sophisticated

Economy

F段第三句

根据manager和economy定位到F段第三句，说的是经理制定了全公司范围的制度，并且要求按时汇报工作进程。所以对应A选项。

Reason

paper

Not replaced

F段最后一句

F段最后一句提到了paper is important…所以就是答案，说到了纸张作为控制手段的重要性，对应D选项。

参考答案：

Version 23325 主题纸张和电脑

iii

viii

collaborative and iterative

tangible

tailorable

group of people

篇5：雅思阅读听力拿满分

屡败屡战高分经验--5战雅思阅读听力拿满分

一：【复习要多久】

如果你没考过雅思，打算一战胜利，不是不可能，就是比较难，尤其是临场发挥(或发昏)等诸多不可控问题。因此我建议：

四级过了、六级怎么也过不去的：要4个5.5的话，要花至少两个月准备。要4个6的话，最好半年内考两次。六级过了，要4个6的，要花至少三个月。要四个七的，你要做好拉锯战的准备。差不多要在6-9个月里考两次甚至三次。

二：【要不要报班】

一年里，我在雅思上花的钱，大概有三四万了，我的成绩总是上不去，我要去的学校又很傲娇，非要4个7.

(1)如果你阅读上不去，报个班还是有用的，因为阅读是有技巧后可以短时间内最快速提高的。报个大班就可以了，阅读上VIP没有什么意义。

(2)如果你口语卡在5分上不去，可以考虑报个班。一定要1对1的，因为口语必须得练!什么背的写的不要信!一进屋子你就傻了!

不要中国老师，他们只会给你带答案的机经要你背，没卵用。而且机经什么的网上都有，都不要钱!!!

找个外国人。他会给你纠正很多发音、语法的问题，改正中国人的chinglish逻辑，他回答的时候你还能获得很多新的想法，还能克服面对外国人的羞涩情绪。

(3)你现在要是6，要口语7的话，找个英美的。尤其在考前一两天，把舌头缕一缕，说顺了。

三：【重磅!我大概能考几分】

不论你是考过多少次，卡在多少分，心碎过几回!你都能提高!

听力和阅读，你考上过6，那你上7或7.5都可以，这玩意就是技巧和练习!

口语和写作，5.5是一关。你上过5.5，那你短期可以上6.5;你上过6.5，那你可以上7

你说你4个5.5，你要4个7，能不能?能!就是难，就是苦!就是挑战自己!

只要你有决心!我都能帮你!你想要多少!你都能做到!我们一起尽最大的努力!

前提是，你不要问我，楼主你能让我两周之内提高一分吗?

你不要说，我放弃了，不想努力了，有什么捷径吗?

你们死心吧。没有捷径!我都试了5次了!没有捷径!踏实练!踏实背!

你玩弄雅思，雅思就玩弄你。

四：【听力】

(1)发音问题

你总觉得自己耳朵不好使，其实，你听力不好，是发音的问题。

你发音的时候发错了，直接导致你在听的时候，你听不出来。

你念得时候太慢，人家一念快，你听不出来。

我曾经教过一个同学听力(他听力5.5)，我放录音带，一到某题答案念完我就暂停。我问他，你听见了吗?他说听见了，可是不认识，我问他balcony你不认识?他说不可能，它念的不是那个词。。

所以不是你实力不足，是人家念的和你念得词，不是一个词!所以你背多少单词都没有提高，因为你背了雅思核心3000+词汇背的都是错的!你不是听不见，你是听不出来。举个例子，人家说船在sink，你说呵呵了船怎么会think?

(2)突破提高7+

如果你要雅思总分6.5甚至以上，说明听力6分是满足不了你的，你要用这项拉高平均分，那你要按7.5要求自己。

一个简单粗暴的方法，精听!两个月从6到7.

剑桥官方里的题，没做过的，要定时做整套的。不要拆开来做，做过的题，拿来练精听。

精听步骤如下：

第一步，听文章不暂停，把关键词，如人名，地址，数字，时间，形容词，动词，名词记录下来，然后你看自己记下来的词要是出现了答案考的大部分内容，就成功了。

第二步，听一句，停下来。试着把句子主干写下来。尽量做到关键词和细节词都能写到。

第三步，也是最难的一步(听力要7.5以下的就不用做了，口语不要6.5以上的也不用做)。就是连着放三五句后暂停，看着自己写得句子和关键词，复述!

要7.5以上的，精听sec 2或者3，要7的，精听sec1或者2就可以。一天一题就可以了，循序渐进。

五：【阅读】平行阅读法

这个方法彻底解决的如下问题：

A做题时间不够：一篇文章只读一遍，读完所有问题做完，不用翻来覆去找

B找不到题：题目定位精准。

C读不懂：特别惭愧地说，五次考试的阅读，我就没有一个彻底读明白的，但是不影响做题!

但是这个方法适用于：读得懂大部分词的，还是做不对的同学。

要是你压根连提干都读不懂，先去背雅思核心词汇。

关于这个方法讲起来比较复杂，简单说就是先看题目后看原文，两道题目一起看，两个段落一起看。

六：【写作】

大作文：

两种类型：讨论型和报告形

讨论型占70%:你同意不?或者，请你讨论别人的观点，再告诉我你同意不?

报告型占30%：现在有这么个事儿，你觉得原因是?结果是?解决方案是?

大作文写不够字数?我来给你出主意。

首先250必须写够，但不能超过280(7分以上同学注意了，这是考官告诉我的，250-270比较好)

第一个教我的雅思考官说，如果凑不够字数，你可以【讲故事】

不要觉得这个low，我第一个6就是这么得到的。

题目:很多人认为青少年不应该有电脑，你同意吗?

第一段：现在青少年都有电脑了，用来玩游戏，做作业，上网。我觉得他们应该有电脑【因为这样有很多好处】

第二段：【好处1】青少年有电脑对他们的学习有好处。{解释一句话｝因为他们可以获取多方面知识和新闻。【开始讲故事!】根据中国日报/美国times/各项研究/华盛顿。。报道称，现在超过80%的学生可以通过使用电脑提高成绩。他们遇见不会的问题，可以上网查。他们平时可以在电脑上上网课。他们可以通过上网来和老师同学交流学习体验。他们可以用电脑进行模拟测试。综上所述，青少年可以用电脑提高成绩。

第三段：【好处2】青少年可以用电脑缓解精神压力。{解释一句话｝通过使用电脑丰富的娱乐途径，他们可以缓解紧张的情绪，放松心情。【开始讲故事!】根据中国日报/美国times/各项研究/华盛顿。。报道称，现在青少年压力炒鸡大!自杀率炒鸡高!每年有3000青少年跳楼。因为他们没有适当的情绪出口。通过玩游戏，看视频，刷朋友圈，他们可以缓解压力，增加与他人交流沟通，有益于他们的身心健康。

第四段：因为用电脑有很多好处，我认为孩子们应该有电脑。

我第一次真的是这样拿的6分，当然不是什么光彩的事情。。总之就是! 一个段，一个观点，一个好处。这样不会跑题。

七：【口语】

对于part2而言，背是一种简单粗暴的拿5.5的方法，但是一到part3就傻了，所以最好的方法是想关键词，然后自然的说。

重点就是【不要死记硬背】，要把他们的转换成自己的，说自己的故事，可能更生动，更有情感。

还有前面说的，如果口语差一定要找老外聊，比如外教课

时间有限，就写到这里了，大家屠雅加油!

解析雅思写作常见的五大问题

一、滔滔不绝“意识流”

有一部分考生在考试时一见到作文题,便感到很对自己的胃口,觉得有很多内容要写。于是乎千言万语涌上心头,写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句尚未写完便接上了后一句,辛辛苦苦写了一大堆(甚至有写11个自然段的)犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷的老师头疼不己,无法继续往下看。原因就在于这种没有构思、未理提纲的作文章法太乱,语言质量差。无论是四、六级考试还是研究生入学考试,我国的作文试题都是规定式作文(controlled writing),这跟国外考试(如TOEE)不一样。因此,写作时必须按给出的提纲或提示去写,任何过于放任自由的做法都是不可取的,更不要另有所图,滔滔不绝。这是进入实际操作前的一个基本认识问题,稍不留神就会出问题。

要控制这种“意识流”的写法,必须严格按照三点提纲来写。假如第一段要求描述某个现象,务必不要先进行原因分析,否则到了第二段该分析原因的时候就没东西可写了。明智的做法是投其所好,该怎样就怎样,这一原则适用于所有的考试。另外,有的考生一方面有话则多,一发而不可收,控制不了自己;一方面无话则隐,该说的话没有说出来。我们不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落:一篇200词左右的作文一般不会超过15句话,把这15句话根据题目要求分配到各段中去,每一段大模只说那么几句话,绝不多说。事实上往往是说得越多,错误越多。因此, 眼着提纲走,每一段不要写得太多,点到为止,见好就收,这才是最稳妥的对策。

二、无话可说真难受

无话可说是滔滔不绝的对立面。有的考生题目看得懂,提纲也一目了然,就是不知道该说什么,在考场上头脑一片空白,想到的也只是空泛的东西。这是一种常见的现象。在这种情况下,即使是用中文也难以写好,更何况要用英文去表达。针对这一情况,办法就是要善于联想到一些具体的事实、具体的例证以及具体的现象。比如说 ,要谈论电视节目这一话题,可以联想到新闻联播,并由此想到它让人们开阔视野,了解世界。但有人觉得话题太熟悉了,反而一时说不出什么来。其实,作文题一定是永恒的话题,在任何时候都可以讨论;或为当代话题,让所有的人都有话可说。题目是公平的,绝对不会让某一专业的考生有特别的优势。所以,考生一定能联想起具体细小的事情,再形成观点。把看得见摸得着的事物带来的思考变成作文里的实质内容,这不失为一种很好的策略。例如,计算机的利与弊这个话题似乎太大,但是可能想到的具体的现象是小孩、学生要在计算机前玩计算机游戏。由此带来的思考是,这些学生整天呆在那里对他们的mind是有害的,并waste a lot of time。

因此,当头脑出现空白时,应该由具体细小的、琐碎的、微不足道的事物所引发的思考形成观点,再进行论述。这种定式思维的形成需要多下功夫多练习。从无话可说到有话可说,下面的例子让人不无启发。在种.种场合下 ,经常要欢迎领导讲几句话。领导往往首先开口说:同志们大家好,我利用这个机会讲三句话。讲第一句话时,脑子里不知道第二句话是什么,讲第二句话时,根本就没想第三句话要说什么。但他最终说了三句话,以“谢谢大家” 结束讲话。领导讲话“1、2、3”成了一种定式,他总能找到有关内容讲几点,这种功夫是长期磨练的结果。写作文也一样,平时需要多多练习这种思维。

雅思备考：大作文范文之科技发展的问题

题目：

Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives. But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they have created. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

范文：

We sure live differently from our parents did decades ago. The changes are wide and profound. At the same time, we are facing challenges and problems unknown in the past. Could we find solutions to problems created by scientific development? The answer seems to be no.

Some of the most obvious problems caused by technological advances lie in the IT industry. At a time when we did not have computers and electronic bank services, people took money with them and paid by cash. If they were stolen, only the amount they had with them was lost. But now credit cards are more commonly used in shopping malls and other places, crimes again us have become more serious and caused greater losses to people. A thief may tape the code of your credit card and make a copy of it. Then he could safely withdraw all your money from an ATM machine. Crimes such as this are very sticky to solve because there is no witness and the surveillance cameras give little help to the police.

Another example is the issue of information control with the media industry including TV networks and Internet that give easy access to information without discrimination to people’s age. This has created a huge problem for parents and schools because teenage people are particularly vulnerable to adult materials and information violent in nature. In the past, when most information came in the form of print, it was relatively easy to control what children read. When a parent put away a book unsuitable for children, they were cut off from the source of information. With computer parents could use software to filter bad web sites but could not prevent new ones from appearing every day.

People are working very hard to solve such problems that come along with advances in science and technology, but the efforts are not sufficient and not very successful. Even with the little progress we have achieved, we find ourselves defeated by new problems with greater complexity and in wider scope.

In conclusion, developments in many fields of our life have brought us both benefits and problems. Developments in the banking industry give us greater convenience but making us targets of computer-based theft. Changes in media industry expose young people to inappropriate information difficult for parent’s control. However up until now, we have not successfully found permanent solutions yet.

雅思备考：大作文范文之爱情是结婚的首要条件吗?

Is romantic love the most important condition for marriage?

Arguments

1. Marriage is the result and extension of love. Therefore, romantic love is the most important condition for marriage.

2. love should be the most important condition for marriage because a marriage without love is like hell in which the couple suffer for the rest of their lives.

3. Romantic love will enable the couple to conquer any difficulties in their life together.

4. In feudal~ society, many people suffered from arranged marriages because love was never an element for consideration in marriages at that time.

5. Romantic love can lead to the healthy psychological development of the couple.

6. Marriages based on romantic love will bring forth beautiful and intelligent children.

7. Marriages based on love tend to create a happy and harmonious~ atmosphere in the family which is good for the development of children.

8. A happy marriage helps one to achieve more in one's career.

9. A marriage without love is worse than being single.

10. Marriages without love are most likely to end in divorce, which creates many social problems.

Counter-arguments

1. Love is not the most important condition for marriage because love is romantic whereas marriage is practical.

2. tack of money in a new marriage might bring trouble and chronic~ quarrelling.

3. Education is the most important condition for a good marriage because a couple whose educational levels do not match are not likely to have much in common.

4. A marriage based on romantic love alone will not last long, for a sense of responsibility is most essential to a successful marriage.

5. Age is a very important condition for a happy marriage because, if the couple belong to different age groups, they tend to have different interests and find it hard to understand each other.

6. Love is not the most important condition for a happy marriage because, when the choice is carefully and wisely made, it's usually a good one.

7. Health is a very important condition for a good marriage. If either party of a marriage suffers from poor health, then happiness is impaired.

8. As the saying goes, “Love blinds a man to all imperfections.” So a marriage based on love alone is only a bet for happiness.

9. Parental approval is important for marriages because it creates unity in a family. Moreover, the experience of parents can often correct and restrain the headstrong and distorted choices of inexperienced youth.

10. Love is not the single, most important condition for a successful marriage. It requires the combination of many conditions, all of which are important.

篇6：雅思阅读课外训练材料

雅思课外训练材料有很多，比如英文的报刊，英文原版的杂志，以及一些英文类的其他读物。为什么要给大家推荐英文原著呢?一方面是英文原著含有丰富的文化背景知识，可以让大家透过书籍了解西方文化，另一方面是因为英文原著一般会有很强的故事性，相对于报刊杂志之类的读物更有趣味性，也更容易坚持下去。英文原著的种类有很多，大家可以找自己感兴趣的类型去读，比如喜欢侦探类的，可以去看福尔摩斯，喜欢爱情类的，可以去看《简爱》，《傲慢与偏见》等等，读完原著以后不仅能学到新词汇，学到地道表达，还能了解西方的风土人情，社会习俗等等。

篇7：雅思阅读课外训练材料

既然原著好处这么多，为什么很多同学坚持不下去呢?其实这主要与大家读原著的方式有关系，有的同学在一开始就选择了很难懂的原著，结果没几天就放弃了，有的同学在读的时候遇到一个生词就查一次词典，结果读的很累也就放弃了……那么，究竟如何才能坚持读下去呢?

1. 一知半解也要通读

英文原著刚入手开始读的时候可能会觉得一知半解，没有关系，一定要坚持读下去，读的多了以后理解力自然就上去了。万事开头难，迈出第一步很重要，读原著最难的是完成第一本读物，当你读完了第一本，以后再读起来就会轻松很多，速度也会变快。刚开始的时候要保证阅读的速度，遇到生词不要急着去查，标注一下即可，如果实在影响阅读再去查阅，建议读完一整章内容统一查生词。

2. 精彩篇幅细细研读

如果原著中有一些吸引你的精彩段落可以标注出来仔细研读，弄通弄透，甚至可以背记下来。原著的篇幅一般都很长，我们无法精读每一章每一页，但是不做精读对阅读能力提升帮助有限，所以可以挑出一些内容专门做精读练习。

3. 词汇和表达如何学习

读原著的过程中，大家会分章节查阅生词，对于常用词，比如动词形容词等等要积累下来，一些地点类的专有名词不必做特殊背记，只要做到认识即可。上文中提到的精读材料，要学习其中的一些地道表达。词汇和表达是读原著时的附带工作，不要占用太多时间，在确保阅读进度的前提下适当做一些即可。

雅思阅读考试技巧合理利用时间

其次，速度的练习需要考生在平时提高雅思阅读速度的意识，这就需要考生有计划的进行雅思阅读的规模练习。在雅思的考生中其实有一大部分考生都是已经离开学校一些年，或者已经有一段时间没有系统持续的英语学习的。

最后，考生要活学活用懂得阅读“例句”来答题，懂得运用语法知识核对答案。答案中，无论是单词、短语或句子，都要符合语法。运用语法知识，可以查出答案是否正确。这对图表填空、简答题、填空题和完成句子这几种题型会很有帮助。

雅思阅读考试技巧难点大剖析

雅思阅读到底难在哪里呢?

1.雅思阅读难主要是文章之长、学术性之强及生词之多导致的。学术性强意味着有些句子结构复杂，学生如果没有扎实的语法基础很多时候是很难对付这些句子的。这一特点也决定了很多考生会觉得时间不够。这就是大家会认为雅思阅读难点之一，童鞋们可以在书店或者图书馆收集一下各类的雅思阅读材料，总结一下雅思考试阅读技巧，这是很有必要的。

2.根据雅思阅读真题来看，近两年阅读题型的变化也增加了很大的难度--------图表题的减少、大意题和是非无题的增加使得考生光靠技巧是绝对行不通的;学生很多时候必须能完全理解某些句子才能准确答题。

3.其实，无论是哪一种题型似乎都存在大量的转述。我们知道转述的形式很多，可以通过不同词性、同义词、双重否定、近义词组、不同的句式和语态等进行转述。这一点意味着没有一定的词汇量想在阅读中考高分是很难的。

篇8：雅思阅读训练材料

雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点

Do you feel like you reflect on things more than everyone else? Do you find yourself worrying about how other people feel? Do you prefer quieter, less chaotic environments?

你是否觉得自己看待事物比其他人想得多?你是否发现自己总在担心其他人的感受?你是不是更喜欢安静一些，少些嘈杂的环境?

If the above sound true to you, you may be highly sensitive. The personality trait -- which was first researched by Elaine N. Aron, Ph.D., in the early 1990s -- is relatively common, with as many as one in five people possessing it. Aron, who has written multiple studies and books on high sensitivity, including The Highly Sensitive Person, also developed a self-test (which you can take here) to help you determine if you are highly sensitive.

如果以上描述对你适用，那么你很可能属于高敏感人群。这种个性特征是相对普遍的，每五个人中就有一人属于此类。伊莱恩·阿隆博士在20世纪九十年代早期首次对此进行了研究，她写过数篇研究报告和数本相关图书，其中包括《高度敏感的人》。她同时也开发了一个自我测试来帮助你决定自己是不是高度敏感(你可以跟着这篇文章进行测试)。

While recent interest in introversion -- driven largely by high-profile publications on the subject, including Susan Cain's book “Quiet,” -- has brought more awareness to personality traits that value less stimulation and higher sensitivity, Aron notes that highly sensitive people still tend to be considered the “minority.”

近期，包括苏珊·凯因的《安静》在内的诸多内向主题出版物高调发表，引起了大众对此的极大兴趣，人们更加注意到喜欢少些刺激和有着更高敏感度的个性特征。阿隆博士提到，高敏感人群现在仍被认为是“少数”。

But “minority” doesn't mean bad -- in fact, being highly sensitive carries a multitude of positive characteristics. Read on for some of the commonalities shared by highly sensitive people.

但“少数”并不意味着不好——实际上，高度敏感的人有一系列积极正面的个性特征。跟着本文一起看看高敏感度人群的一些常见的个性特征吧。

1. They feel more deeply.

1. 他们的感受更加深刻。

One of the hallmark characteristics of highly sensitive people is the ability to feel more deeply than their less-sensitive peers. “They like to process things on a deep level,” Ted Zeff, Ph.D., author of The Highly Sensitive Person's Survival Guide and other books on highly sensitive people, tells HuffPost. “They're very intuitive, and go very deep inside to try to figure things out.”

高敏感度人群的特征标志之一就是他们比低敏感的的同伴有着更深刻的感受。“他们喜欢在深层面掌握事物，”曾编写《高敏感度人群的生存指南》以及其他相关书籍的特德·泽夫博士对报社记者说道：“他们有敏锐的直觉，会深刻思考寻找问题的答案。”

2. They're more emotionally reactive.

2. 他们的情感反应更丰富。

People who are highly sensitive will react more in a situation. For instance, they will have more empathy and feel more concern for a friend's problems, according to Aron. They may also have more concern about how another person may be reacting in the face of a negative event.

高敏感度的人对于一个情景会做出更多反应。比如，根据阿隆博士的说法，他们更会站在他人的角度考虑，对朋友遇到的难题也更有同感。他们也许会更加顾虑到其他人遇到不好的事情会怎样反应。

3. They're probably used to hearing, “Don't take things so personally” and “Why are you so sensitive?”

3. 他们很可能已经习惯听到“别往心里去“和”为什么你这么敏感?“之类的话。

Depending on the culture, sensitivity can be perceived as an asset or a negative trait, Zeff explains. In some of his own research, Zeff says that highly sensitive men he interviewed from other countries -- such as Thailand and India -- were rarely or never teased, while highly sensitive men he interviewed from North America were frequently or always teased. “So a lot of it is very cultural -- the same person who is told, 'Oh, you're too sensitive,' in certain cultures, it's considered an asset,” he says.

泽夫博士解释道，文化决定敏感可以被视作一笔财富或者一种负面特质。泽夫博士在研究中采访过来自其他国家的高敏感人群，比如泰国和印度的高敏感的人很少或者几乎没被别人取笑过，而北美的高敏感人群经常被作为取笑的对象。“所以，这很大程度上都和文化有关——在某些国家，同样一个人被别人说成‘你太敏感了!’，而在有些国家，这被视为一种个人财富，”他如此总结道。

4. They prefer to exercise solo.

4. 他们更喜欢独自锻炼。

Highly sensitive people may tend to avoid team sports, where there's a sense that everyone is watching their every move, Zeff says. In his research, the majority of highly sensitive people he interviewed preferred individual sports, like bicycling, running and hiking, to group sports. However, this is not a blanket rule -- there are some highly sensitive people who may have had parents who provided an understanding and supportive environment that would make it easier for them to participate in group sports, Zeff says.

泽夫博士介绍说，高敏感的人可能倾向于避开团队运动，因为他们会觉得每个人都在看着他的一举一动。在他的研究中，他采访的大部分高敏感的人更喜欢个人运动，比如骑自行车，跑步或者徒步旅行。然而，这并不适用于所有高敏感人群——由于家人提供了理解和支持的成长环境，有些高敏感的人可能更容易参与群体运动。

5. It takes longer for them to make decisions.

5. 他们做决定需要更长时间。

Highly sensitive people are more aware of subtleties and details that could make decisions harder to make, Aron says. Even if there is no “right” or “wrong” decision -- for example, it's impossible to choose a “wrong” flavor of ice cream -- highly sensitive people will still tend to take longer to choose because they are weighing every possible outcome. Aron's advice for dealing with this: “Take as long to decide as the situation permits, and ask for more time if you need it and can take it,” she writes in a recent issue of her Comfort Zone newsletter. “During this time, try pretending for a minute, hour, day, or even week that you have made up your mind a certain way. How does that feel? Often, on the other side of a decision things look different, and this gives you a chance to imagine more vividly that you are already there.” One exception: Once a highly sensitive person has come to the conclusion of what is the right decision to make and what is the wrong decision to make in a certain situation, he or she will be quick to make that “right” decision again in the future.

高敏感的人更能意识到那些让做决定变得困难的细节，阿隆讲道。即使没有“对”或者“错”的选择，比如，不可能会选到有“错误”口味的冰激凌，但高敏感的人仍会考虑更久，因为他们想要衡量每个可能的结果。对此，阿隆给出以下建议：“情况允许的情况下，能考虑多久就考虑多久，如果你需要并且可以得到，争取更多时间。”她在她的最近一期《舒适区》的通讯中写道，“在这段时间，一分钟，一小时，一天，甚至一星期，试着假装你是以某种特定的方式做出决定的。这是什么感觉?一个选择的相对面通常看起来非常不同，这样做给你尽情想象做了另外一个选择的机会。”例外：一个高敏感的人一旦得出正确和错误选择的结论，以后在需要做出“正确”选择的时候他或者她会很快做出选择。

以上就是雅思阅读训练材料之高敏度人群的特点的全部内容。同学们都读懂了文章内容了吗?对于雅思阅读，这样的阅读材料其实可以每天看1-2篇，作为一个学习英语的习惯。这样潜移默化中进行每日的训练能让我们逐渐掌握英语的思维习惯以及用英语进行思考的思维方式。

雅思阅读解题技巧之完成句子题型

完成句子题型 (sentence completion tasks)

完成句子题型就是先给出句子的一部分，未给出部分在文章中找出，或者给出2-3个答案，由你选择一个。这种题型较难，要花一点时间仔细查看文章中的有关部分。

完成句子题答题步骤：

1. 详细阅读答题指引，获取必要的答题信息。

2. 参考例句，确定答题形式。

3. 利用语法知识确定句子缺失部分。

4. 仔细查看所给句子的含义，并找出关键词语。

5 利用所给部分的关键词语在文章中找出相关句子。

6. 在文章中的相关句子里，选取缺失部分(即答案)。

如果完成句子题型是以多重选择的形式出现，那么则要将选择答案部分列为问句的一部分，从中选取所需的关键词语，逐个与文章中相关句子进行匹配。

雅思阅读单词记忆的突破方法

雅思阅读单词记忆——单词准备单词卡片，循环背诵

一般IELTS阅读中涉及词汇量比较大，但考生具备4000左右即可应考。单词贫乏的考生，一定要及时补充词汇，打下扎实的基础。在考试时很容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义，为了避免类似情况发生，一定要加强单词意义的理解。对此，考生可以制作单词卡片，正反面各写英文和中文解释。制订计划每天背一定量的生词，循环背诵并不断补充。当然，最有效的是阅读文章时记忆单词。

雅思阅读单词记忆——句子参考上下文，分析主谓结构

在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的错误就是根据自己已有经验片面理解。IELTS阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，要参考上下文客观地看问题。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有较深了解。特别在遇到复杂句时，应静心思考，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析解剖句子结构。

雅思阅读单词记忆——阅读扫描全文，做出标记

雅思阅读追求速度(speed)与准确度(accuracy)的完美结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免。

总之，考生平时多看、多读、多听、多说、多写，多接触英文(much exposure to English)再运用一些阅读技巧，拿下雅思阅读并非一件难事。

英语阅读

篇9：任务型阅读专项训练

试题预览

任务型阅读

【题例一】

阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余选项。

The following people are all searching for a university. After the description of these people, there is information about six universities A---F on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one university which you do not need to use.

_______1. Bobby is tired of working indoors and wouldn’t like to be too far away from his girlfriend who studies at Simmons.

________2. Maria wants to learn modern science and she prefers to stay neither by the ocean nor in the northeast.

_________3. Andrew wishes to study business in a non-state-run university.

_________4. Lucy enjoys taking her further education in a women-only university.

_________5.Scott hopes to play the computer conveniently for fun.

A． SIMMONS The College of Arts and Sciences and Modern Studies. Simmons educates women to achieve their work and life goals. More than 40 majors. Lies in the heart of Boston, US. News &World Report ranks Simmons among the top state universities in the North and among the best values. 617-521-2051 www.simmons.edu.

B． PAUL SMITH’S COLLEGE The College of Nature. Experience a different kind of classroom: 15,300 acres of forests, lakes and streams, a hotel and a restaurant, 99% placement upon graduation. Two-and-four-year degree programs. PO Box 265Paul Smith, NY 12970800-421-2605 www.paulsmith.edu.

C． ST. MARY’S UNIVERSITY Personal attention. Powerful programs. Experience the technology of today at our co-educational university. One Camino Santa Utah 78228-8503 800-FOR-STMU www.stmarytx.edu.

D．NORTHERN UNIVERSITY A famous private university with 3,200 students in the Colleges of Arts & Sciences, Business and Engineering. Medicine and Law among the top ten by U.S. News & World Report Old Union 232 CA 94305-3005 650-723-2091 www.stanford.edu.

E． UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX Adult education course. Earn an online degree with University of Phoenix today. 100% online, fast and convenient. Learn why most working professionals choose University of Phoenix Online. www.Phoenixun.edu.

F． PETER’S COLLEGE Experienced professors are available. Equipped with a lot of modern facilities, two students a dormitory, two computers, power never fails, PO.356 Peter, 16753800-333-12-2135 www.peterun.edu.

【误点及纠错】

1．文化背景知识缺乏

【纠错】第1 题正确答案B，错选C。

Bobby 要求学校离Simmons近，从A项中可知Simmons 位于 Boston（波士顿），而B项中的Paul Smith’s 学院的地址是NY（纽约州的缩写），波士顿(马萨诸塞州)与纽约州同位于美国东北部，正符合Bobby的要求。而学生因为缺乏此方面的知识选择C项-ST.MARY UNIVERSITY, 该校位于Utah犹他州，属于美国中西部地区。

第2题正确答案C项，错选D。

Maria 要求学习的地点既不在东北部也不靠近海边，同时要求学习现代科学。D项中提到了science, 并且校名为NORTHERN(北方)，所以学生误选D。但是 NORTHERN UNIVERSITY 的网址是www.stanford.edu.，该校的地理位置应在西海岸面对太平洋的加州，所以此答案为错误答案。

2．审题不清

【纠错】第5题正确答案F，错选E

学生因为时间仓促，往往审题不清，做出错误的判断。Scott的唯一的要求是能够方便地玩电脑（play the computer conveniently for fun）。根据E项中的100% online, fast and convenient，学生错误地判断此项符合题意。但是E项开头已说明此乃成人网络教育（Adult education course），提供的是online degree，所以不合题意；而F选项中一寝室住两名学生，提供两台电脑，从不停电，这正符合Scott的要求。

3．猜测生词能力弱。

【纠错】第3题正确答案D，错选B。

Andrew 希望到一所non-state-run 学校学习，non-state-run是个合成词，此处run的意思为“经营管理”，那么non-state-run就是非公立的意思，正好与D项中的private(私人)相符合。

【题例二】

阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余选项。

The people below are all looking for a place to spend their holiday. After the description of these people, there is information about six tour advertisements A-F. Decide which place would be most suitable for the person mentioned in questions 1-5 and then mark the correct letter (A-F) on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one place that you do not need to use.

_______1. Michael, a young computer programmer, has been working hard and needs holiday to relax in winter. He would like to go somewhere warm and sunny, where he can swim in the sea, and he enjoys sports and dancing.

_______2. Jack and his wife Mary, who have recently retired, want to see places of cultural and historic interest abroad, but Mary hates flying.

_______3. Harry and Kate, both teachers and their two teenage sons, have to take their holiday during the school summer vacation. There must be plenty for the boys to do, although Harry and Kate want beautiful scenery, good food-and wine-and peace.

______ 4. Peter and Maria, university students, want to travel as far as possible on very little money, and would like to know a country by working there for three months with other young people.

_______5. Simon, a schoolteacher, is planning to make a one-day trip to a place, where his students can enjoy the objects of artistic, cultural, historical or scientific importance and interest.

A.We now offer you a new service of guided tours for visitors. This prize-winning museum is where Australia’s history comes alive! Visit daily or stay for the night and experience life of the Gold Rush days. A wonderful nightly sound and light show, “Blood on the Southern Cross” tells you the story of the famous Eureka Uprising.

B.Two-week holidays in the luxurious Hotel Splendid, on a lovely beach with golden sands and deep-blue sea. Tennis, golf, sailing and all water sports. Trips and tours around the islands arranged. Near to town of Castries with lively evening entertainment dancing to local bands.

C.Holiday apartments in Mallorca sailing and fishing port-quiet even in summer season beautifully situated apartments with views of seas and mountains, yet near to shops and restaurants. Cars and bicycles for hire. Sailing and sports clubs nearby.

D. The Empire State Building is among the most striking buildings in the city, the nation, even the world. The observation deck on the 86th floor is open to general public, offering a wonderful view of the city. On the second floor you’ll find the New York Skyride, a simulated helicopter ride over Manhattan. Enjoy shopping along with real life character and entertainment.

E.Luxury coach tours of Italy, out of normal holiday season. 21 leisurely days to visit five Italian cities staring from London 1st May, 1st September. The tours are guided by professor Martin Davis formerly Head of Italian Studies, London University.