初中英语句子成分

时间:2024年11月09日

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下面小编给大家整理的初中英语句子成分,本文共5篇,欢迎阅读与借鉴!本文原稿由网友“tina01”提供。

篇1:初中英语句子成分

英语句子成分和中文是基本一样的,但是有一点差异,只要了解其中的不同,就能轻松学会如何表达英文句子!

句子成分精讲

句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语

1、主语

一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置:

一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语

She goes to school by bike.

Eight is a lucky number.

The blind need more help.代词做主语 数词做主语 名词化的形容词做主语

There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语

Predicting the future is interesting.

To be a doctor is my dream.

2、谓语

表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.

英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的构成。

分析句子的主语和谓语

Mr. Li teaches English.

He can play the piano.

My parents and I are having dinner.

3、表语

用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

表语的位置

用在动词be和系动词的后面。

名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

Your pen is on the desk.

He got very angry.

My dream is to have a robot.

动名词做主语 不定式短语做主语

常见的系动词

1. be动词

2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等

3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn等

上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。

4、宾语

是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.

不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.

宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.

I saw a plane in the sky just now.

I want three. 名词做宾语 数词做宾语

I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语

We think predicting the future is hard.

5、宾语补足语(宾补) 宾语从句

有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外, 还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补), 有时候句子的意思就不完整。 充当宾补的有:

1. 形容词作宾语补足语

The sun keeps us warm.

2. 介词短语作宾语补足语:

I found her in the room.

3. 副词作宾语补足语。

Please let him in.

4. 名词作宾语补足语。

We made him monitor of the class.

5. 动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。

I asked him to come.

6、定语

定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的……的)

1. 形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)

They have a clever son.

I have something important to tell you.

2. 名词作定语:

Is it a color film?

名词作定语一般用单数形式, 如:

school bus, ticket office, paper flowers

但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop

man 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:

men drivers , women doctors

3. 代词作定语:

This song is better than that one.

4. 数词作定语:

There are only thirty students in our class.

带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.

a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy

5. 副词作定语:

Do you know the young man over there?

6. 介词短语作定语(The students in our class like swimming.

7、状语

修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句, 用以说明地点, 时间, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 结果, 条件, 让步等.

1. 副词作状语:

The old man is walking slowly.

The boy is very clever.

2. 介词短语作状语:表方式 表程度

I have lived in Shanghai for five years.

3. 不定式作状语 表时间

I come here to see you.

4. 现在分词作状语 表目的

The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式

5. 状语从句

We’ll go shopping if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

状语的位置

1. 在一般情况下,用于句末。

We like our school very much.

2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.

I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.

3. 表频度的副词通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,

用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后

I usually get up early.

He is often late.

一些副词, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似

sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末

only 在句中的位置比较灵活, 但位置不同, 意义也不同.

The actor only sang a song.

Only the actor sang a song.

The actor sang only one song.

两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序

1. 地点状语在前, 时间状语在后.

We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.

2. 较小单位的状语在前,由小到大

Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.

3. 一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语, 其顺序大都是: 程度副词,方式副词, 地点副词, 时间副词

She sang very well at the meeting last night.

时间和地点状语也可以位于句首, 表示强调或使上下文更为连贯

Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.

动词-ed形式作定语,表语,宾语补足语和状语

一、动词-ed形式作定语

过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧,渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词(the Participle Adjective),实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词,除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如:

spoken English (英语口语);iced beer (冰冻啤酒);cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条);

但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) ; the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。

(1)前置定语 单个的动词-ed形式,一般放在被修饰的名词的前面,作前置定语。 激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)

.虚度的时光,无法挽回。(=time which is lost)

(2)后置定语 ①少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left等,只能作后置定语。

1. Everything used should be marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。

2. Among the invited were some ladies.被邀请的人中,有些是女士。

3. The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。

②动词-ed形式短语作定语时,通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面,在意思上相当于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定语用来表示被动,可改为带被动语态的定语从句;不及物动词的过去分词(仅限于单个过去分词,且不能后置)则表示完成,可改为带有完成时态的定语从句。

1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (=that has been planned for tonight)

2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 注意:这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的词,改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。

二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如: He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后,他显得很忧虑。

When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。

常见的作表语的过去分词有:

amused(愉快的); broken(碎了的);closed(关闭的);astonished(吃惊的);crowded(拥挤的);experienced(有经验的); delighted(高兴的);lost(丢失的);gone(遗失的);disappointed(失望的);worried(担忧的);interested(感兴趣的) tired(疲劳的) pleased(高兴的);satisfied(满意的); surprised(吃惊的); married(已婚的); known(著名的) 等等

三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语

能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

She found the door broken in when she came back.她回来时发现有人破门而人。

My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。

少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时,强调动作完成后的状态.

They found all the guests gone when they woke up.当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。

篇2:初中英语句子成分讲解

对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.www.oh100.com

篇3:初中英语句子成分讲解

对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor.(名词)

We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.(名)

We will make them happy.(形容词)

We found nobody in.(副词)

Please make yourself at home.(介词短语)

Don’t let him do that.(省to不定式)

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带to不定式)

Don’t keep the lights burning.(现在分词)

I’ll have my bike repaired.(过去分词)

篇4:初中英语句子成分讲解

用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

(以下例句按上述顺序排列)I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

I like some of you very much.

If you study hard,you will pathe exam.

He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young,he can do it well.

篇5:初中英语句子成分讲解

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词)

He is our friend.(代词)

We belong to the third world.(数词)

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)

The man over there is my old friend.(副词)

The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(介词)

The boys playing football are in Cla2.(现在分词)

The trees planted last year are growing well now.(过去分词)

I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)

You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

初中英语句子成分练习题

初中英语划分句子成分练习

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