这里小编给大家分享一些初中英语名词用法讲与练，本文共4篇，方便大家学习。本文原稿由网友“一只毛”提供。
篇1：初中英语名词用法讲与练
在英语中，名词的用法十分广泛，且在历年中考中，D名词‖考点热仍然处于有升无降之趋势，就近几年的中考英语试题来看，对名词考查得较热的还是D名词的数‖、D名词的格‖、D名词作主语时和谓语一致关系‖（名词的其它知识点是必要的基础），下面结合教材和近年来中考试题，从这三个方面谈名词复习的问题，供学习者体会。
名词的数
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词（个体名词和大多数集体名词）和不可数名词（物质名词和抽象名词）两种。表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词，一般有单数和复数两种形式；表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词，一般不分单数和复数。
1、可数名词：个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
①. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。如 a book）、a river、an apple、an orange等。
②. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pens、three days、three cities等。
（1）规则名词复数形式的构成：
①大多数名词 在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。）
例1：The teacher said we needed to choose three ______ for the school concert.（重庆）
A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers (答案：选D)
②以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es（读作[iz] city―cities) ,但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s（读作[z] Germany―Germanys）。
例2：Many _______? have been built in our city since 1987．
A．factorys B．factories C．factoryes D．factory (答案：选B)
③以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词 在词尾加 Ces（读作[iz]）。
例3、How many _______? are there in the room ？ ??
A．boxes B．box C．boxs D．boxxes (答案：选A)
例4、His mother bought two _______? yesterday． ??
A．brushs B．brushse C．brushes D．brush (答案：选B)
④以辅音字母 + o 结尾的名词 一般直接加 Ces(读作[z]), 某些外来词例外，加 -s （如 zero, kilo, tobacco 等）；以元音字母 + o 结尾的名词直接加Cs(但读作[z])。
例5、There are lots of _______?in the basket on the table．
A．tomatos B．tomato C．tomatoss D．tomatoes (答案：选D)
例6、Whose ______? are these？
A．photo B．photoes C．photos D．photoss (答案：选C)
⑤以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词 有的直接加 Cs(读作[z])；大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v, 再加-es(读作[z])；有些词两种形式都可以 handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves。
例7：This tree has green ________ throughout the year.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves (答案：选D)
（2）不规则变化：
①单数、复数形式相同 如：deer―deer，sheep―sheep，fish―fish，Chinese―Chinese，people―people。 例8：Look, five _________ are feeding on the hill.
A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps D. the sheep (答案：选B)
②改变单数名词中的元音字母 如：foot―feet，man―men ，tooth―teeth，woman―women。
例9：Several ___ are talking under the tree. And their ___ are swimming in the lake.
A. woman; children B. woman; child
C. women; children D. women; child (答案：选C)
③含有man，woman的复合名词的变化 如：Englishman―Englishmen，policewoman―policewomen, Frenchwoman― Frenchwomem，fisherman―fishermen.
④其他变化 如：child―children ，mouse―mice。
例10：The cat caught two _______? last night．??
A．mouses B．mice C．mouse D．mices (答案：选B)
⑤有些词只有复数形式
A.某些由两个部分构成的物体的名词。如：trousers等。
B.某些通常以复数形式出现的名词。如：arms，clothes，goods，stairs等。
二、名词的格
英语中有些名词可以加 's来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下：
1） 单数名词词尾加 's，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加's，如the boy's bag 男孩的书包，men's room 男厕所。
例11：―How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? ― _________.
A. In five day’s time B. In five days’ time
C. In five days time D. For five days (答案：选B)
2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加“ ' ”，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
例12：―He may be back to the country in a few ______. ― I hope the day to come!
A. month’s time B. months time C. months’ time D. month time (答案：选C)
3） 凡不能加 's的名词，都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
例13：―What do you know about the world’s population? （辽宁）
―I know China and India are the countries ______ more than one billion.
A. with a population of B. with populations
C. that have populations of D. which has a population of (答案：选C)
4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：the barber's 理发店。
例14：CYou needn’t wait for Tom any longer. CHe must be having supper at _____.
A. the Tell’s B. the Tells’ C. the Tells D. Tells (答案：选B)
5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间） John and Mary's room（一间）
例15：Yesterday evening we had a lovely praty at ______.
A. Peter and Helen's B. Peter and Helens
C. Peter and Helen D. Peter's and Helen's (答案：选A)
三、名词作主语和谓语的`一致
1、复数主语须用复数谓语，单数主语须用单数谓语。
例16：A man of words and not of deeds ______ a garden full of weed.
A．like B. likes C. is like D. are like
解析：选C。因主语是A man(单数)，Dof words and not of deeds‖是主语的定语。
例17：A number of people in the developed cities______cars of their own.
A. has B. have C. there is D. there are
解析：选B。因主语是people(复数)，a number of(许多)是主语的定语。
2、如果名词主语是一个抽象概念，一般都用单数谓语。
例18：Smoking is bad for your health.
例19：DMany years‖ a long time, I don’t know how long .
A. are, they are B. are, it is C. is, they are D. is, it is
解析：例1中，smoking指事，谓语用单数；例2选D，因为在英语里，表时间、距离等的名词作主语，和表事件都是抽象概念，其谓语都要用单数。
3、当主语是and连接的两个名词时，在指一样东西时用单数谓语，若指两样东西时则需用复数主语。 例20：Talking about something and doing it are two different things.
例21：I want bread and milk instead of bread and butter because bread and butter not sold well before.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
解析：例1中D说‖和D做‖是两件事；例2中，bread and milk、bread and butter分别是指D牛奶面包‖和D黄油面包‖，and连接的表示一样东西，在because从句中，主语bread and butter当然是单数，所以选D。
4、如果名词主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, except这类词引导的短语，谓语仍用单数，因为这种结构多为修饰语。
例22：Mary with her parents TV in the sitting-room at this time yesterday.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
解析：选C。因为with her parents在此作伴随状语，主语(Mary)是单数。
5、集体名词作主语的情况：
A. 有些集体名词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，视作整体时跟单数谓语，着重于所包含的成员时，则可跟复数谓语。
例23：His family lunch at the table now.（have）
例24：His family very poor before.（be）
解析：例1中family指家中成员的活活动，视为复数，填are having；例2中family指D家‖，视为整体，是单数,填was。
B. 有些集体名词都指复数的人或动物，后面都用复数谓语。
例25：The police are going to question him. 警察审视他。
解析：在英语里，people, police, media(媒体)，bacteria(细菌)，cattle(牛群)等名词指复数的人或物。
C．有些集体名词后面的谓语用单数或复数都可以，也有的集体名词通常只跟单数谓语。
[练习]
一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空：
1.One in four people worldwide (be) without good homes.
2.The police (say) the killing of the young man was an accident.
3.Her family (have) been in Los Angeles since the turn of the century.
4.Polities (be) seen as a man’s world, but difficult for women to get on.
5.Broadcast(广播) news (be) true, but not interesting.
6.The United Nations (have) asked for help from the international community.
二、单项选择填空：
1.We need some more . Can you go and get some, please?
A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe
2.What big ____ the tiger has!
A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes
3.Please remember to give the horse some tree______.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
4.On the table there are five_____.
A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato
5.He gave us_____ on how to keep fit.
A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice
6.When we saw his face, we knew _____ was bad.
A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news
7.He is hungry. Give him ______ to eat.
A. two breads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces breads
8.―How many ___have you got on your farm? CI’ve got five.
A. cow B. sheep C. pig D. chicken
9.Some______came to our school for a visit that day.
A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D.Germanies
10.A group of ______will visit the museum tomorrow.
A. Canadian B. Australian C. Japanese D. American
11.Let’s meet at 7:30 outside the gate of______.
A. the People’s Park B. the Peoples’ Park C. the People Park D. People’s Park
12.There are sixty-seven______ in our school.
A. women’s teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
13.September 10th is ______ in China.
A. Teacher’s Day B. Teachers’ Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day
14.Excuse me, where is the ______ ?
A. men’s room B. mens’ room C. men’s rooms D. men rooms
15.The football under the bed is ______ .
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily’s and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy’s
16.In a few _____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.
A. year B. years’ C. year’s D. years
17.It’s about _____ walk from my house.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s D. ten minutes
18.Half _____ telephone calls are made in English.
A. the world B. world C. the world’s D. world’s
19.Miss Smith is a friend of ______ .
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. mother’s of Mary D. Mary mother’s
20.Have you seen Tom’s and John’s ______?
A. pencil-box B. pencil-box C. pencil-box D. pencils-box
[Keys]
一、提示：有些名词以单数形式出现，但实为复数。1.are 2.say 3.have 提示：有些名词常以-s形式出现，但实为单数。4.is 5.is 6.has
二、1―5: CBBCB; 6―10: CCBAC 11―15: ABBAD 16―20: BBCAB
篇2：名词从句讲练
概念：起名词作用的从句叫名词从句。它和名词一样，在句中可充当主语，表语，宾语和同位语。名词从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。
名词从句的引导词通常有： 1. 连词 that, whether, if. 2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which 3. 连接副词when, where, how, why
I. 主语从句
主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。
例如： 1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.
2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.
注意：连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。 3. Who let out the news remained unknown. = It remained unknown who let out the news.
4. How this happened is still a question. 5. It is not clear when we will start.
6. Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come here.
7. Which is right isn’t known to us.
注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。
8. What he said at the meeting is important. 9. Whoever leaves the office should tell me.
10. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。
另外，有的“It …＋主语从句”已成为固定结构。如：
a. It is +名词＋从句 It is a pity that we can’t go.
b. It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is clear that Tom has returned.
c. It is ＋过去分词＋从句 It is said / reported / believed / known …
II. 表语从句
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句。
That’s what we should do. That’s why I want to see you. The reason for my absence was that I was ill.
1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：
My suggestion is that we should go shopping. It seems that it is going to rain.
2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。
It looks as if it’s going to rain. It was because I got up late.
3. 在非正式文体中，引导表语从句的that可以省略。如：
The trouble is （that）he is ill.
注意：在表语从句中，当reason作主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because，如：他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。 The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.
III. 宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句
1. 作动词宾语
I don’t know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace.
I expect （that）I shall be back on Sunday.
在口语中，that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个that从句并列时后边的that一般不省略。
若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.
He doesn’t want it to be known that he is going away. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.
在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。如：
I don’t think he will see you. I don’t believe he will go.
We don’t expect he is coming. I don’t think he can do it, can he?
注：此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we. 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。
I don’t think he can do it, can he? I don’t think you are right, are you?
在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：
I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once.
2. 作介词宾语 The teacher is satisfied with what I said.
3. 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语。 I’m afraid that I will be late. I’m glad that you passed the exam.
IV. 同位语从句
如果担任同位语的是个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。同位语从句表示先行名词的具体内容，能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。
引导同位语从句常用连词that，它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引导同位语从句。 The rumour that there will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area. They have no hope that he will recover. I have no idea where they have gone.
同位语从句与先行名词有时也可以分开。 Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.
注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
（1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。
（2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。
（3）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系，而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。比较： The news that our team won the game is true. （________）
The news is that our team won the game. （_______） The news that you have heard isn’t true. （_______）
Whether与if在名词从句中的用法
Whether可以用于所有的名词从句中，if只用于宾语从句中，两者都不能省略。
1. 在引导宾语从句（动词宾语从句）时，whether和if可以互换，但如果出现or not则只能用whether.
I don’t know whether / if I can come. = I don’t know whether I can come or not.
2. 介词的宾语从句只能用whether引导。 We worried about whether he was in good health or not.
3. 引导主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句时都用whether. The question is whether you can do it yourself. （_____）
Whether they will win is all the same to me. （_____）
The question whether he should come himself or send another one hasn’t been decided. （____）
4. 和动词不定式连接时，只能用whether. I haven’t decided whether to go there or not.
随堂练习
Ⅰ.用适当连词填空
1. ________ you need is more practice. 2. ________ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
3. I have no idea _________ we want to go next. 4. The fact is ________ we are behind the other groups.
5.That is ______ we are firmly against. 6. That is _______ the key lies.
7.________ is troubling me is ____ 8. I don’t have much experience in this kind of work.
1. The teacher asked the students ________ they had understood the text. 9. He told us all ______ he knew.
Ⅱ. Choose the right word to the following sentences.
1. The news _______ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when
2. Nantong is no longer ________ used to be ten years ago.
A. how B. what C. that D. where
3. His suggestion ________ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
4. The thought ______ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
5. Tom is greatly different from ________ he was when he was young.
A. what B. how C. where D. that
6. He often asked me the question ______ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. if C. that D. when
7. Father made a promise ______ I passed the examination he would buy me a bike.
A. that B. if C. whether D. that if
8. The question ________ we need it has not yet been considered.
A. if B. whether C. that D. which
9. I’ve come here to find someone, but I’m not sure ______ is the one I want to find.
A. whatever B. whoever C. who D. whom
10. ________ breaks the law should be punished.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. Whatever
11. It was quite noisy there and I couldn’t hear________.
A. how he said B. that he said C. what he said D. anything which he said
12. Can you tell me ______ the railway station?
A. how I can get to B. how can I get to C. where I can get to D. where can I get to
Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 他姐姐是个歌星,这大家都知道.
2. 他在门口告诉我们的事真令人兴奋.
3. 她无论说什么都不能感动我们.
4. 下周日是否去野炊取决于那天是否天好.
5. 请告诉我你是怎么做这道难题的.
Keys:
Ⅰ1.What;2.That;3.where;4.that;5.what;6.where;7.What;8.whether;9.what
Ⅱ1.B;2.B;3.B;4.D;5.A;6.A;7.D;8.B;9.C;10.C;11.C;12.A
Ⅲ1.That his sister is a singing star is known to us all. 2.What he told us at the gate was really exciting. 3.Wharever she said couldn’t move us. 4.Whether we’ll go for a picnic next Sunday depends on whether it will be fine or not. 5.Please tell me how you worked out the difficult problem.
名词性从句专练、
1． She is a rich woman is known to all in the city. A. / B. That C. Who D. Because
2. My cousin asked me I could lend him the Chinese novel.
A. whether B. / C. that D. which
3. The difficulty lies in we have no money.
A. that B. which C. the fact D. the fact that
4. The fact he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why
5.“What are you doing here, Joan?” Robert asked.
A. Robert asked Joan: what she is doing there. B. Robert asked Joan what she was doing there.
C. Robert asked her what was she doing there. D. Robert asked Joan she was doing what there.
6. Is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
7.They have no idea at all .
where has he gone B. which place he has gone C. where he has gone D. where did he go
8. The reason he has been such a success he never gives up.
A. is because B. is what C. is that D. is
9. Mathematics is the base of all other sciences.
A. This is because B. This is that C. It is that D. Because
10. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer .
A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being
C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
11. The reason why he hasn’t come is .
A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being ill
C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
12. The man asked .
A. what was going on there B. what it was going on there
C. what’s going on there D. what going on there
13. leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
14. It was possible, but not probable manager of the firm.
A. he will be elected B. he must be elected
C.that he would be elected D. that he must be elected
15.It’s uncertain the experiment is worth doing. A. if B. that C. whether D. how
16. I have will be yours sooner or later.
No matter what B. No matter whatever C. Whatever D. That
17.I’ll eat you give me.
A. no matter what B. no matter whatever C. whatever D. what
18. I can’t understand is he wants to change his mind.
That; that B. Which; what C. What; what D. What; why
19.I wonder how much .
A. cost these shoes B. do these shoes cost
C. these shoes cost D. are these shoes cost
20. I will accept the gift is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. What D. Which
21.We could see the tower clearly from we were standing.
where B. there C. which D. it
22. there is life on another planet is almost impossible.
A. How B. That C. Why D. Whether
23.The demand the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
24. was a well-known fact.
That their team was weak B. That their team being weak
C. Their team was weak D. If their team was weak
25.Has it been announced the planes are to take off?
A. when B. what C. where D. who
26.Nobody knew .
A. where he comes B. where he was from
C. where he is from D. where does he come from
27.Father asked .
A. what was wrong with me B. what’s wrong with me
C. what wrong was with me D. what wrong is with me
28.The trouble is we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. why that
29.It is possible he misunderstood ____ I said.
A. that; that B. what; what C. what; that D. that; what
30.The fact he is an orphan is well known. A. what B. that C. which D. /
31. I was free that evening.
A. It happened to B. It happened that C. That happened D. It was happened that
32. in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday.
A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said
33.Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on he saw and heard in Britain.
A. what B. all what C. that D. which
34.The problem is will go.
A. that B. that who C. who D. whoever
35. nothing to do with us.
A. What he did is B. What he has done C. What did he do D. What he has done has
36.The reason is I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what
37.That is we were absent last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what
38. is announced, all the schools will reopen soon.
A. It B. That C. As D. When
39. is announced that all the schools will reopen soon.
A. It B. That C. Which D. As
40.She will give needs help a warm support. A. what B. which C. whoever D. whom
41. she needs is to have a good rest.
A. That B. What C. Whoever D. The things what
42.They couldn’t understand I refused. A. what B. why C. that D. where
43. I am anxious to know is we can visit the Museum.
What; that B. What; when C. That; where D. Where; when
44. was lying.
Those who told you that B. Anyone told you C. Whoever told you D. Whoever told you that
45.A man’s worth lies not so much in he has as in he is.
A. that; what B. what; what C. that; that D. what ; that
46.. shall finish the work before May Day is possible.
A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. We
47..I have not found my bike yet; in fact, I could have done with it I’m not sure.
A. where B. whether C. how D. what
48. It is doubtful ____ he knows it or not. A. whether B. what C. when D. that
49. It was ____ he said ____ disappointed me most. A. what, that B. that, that C. what, what D. that, what
50. ---I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. ---Oh, that was probably ____ I was seeing the doctor.
A. when B. why C. what D. that
The answers:
1-5 BADAB 6-10 DCCAA 11-15 CACCC 16-20 CCDCB
21-25 ABBAA 26-30 BABDB 31-35 BBACD 36-40 ACCAC
41-46 BBBDB 46- 50 BBAAA
篇3：情态动词用法讲与练
湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
五、should在虚拟语气中的运用
1、在if引导的条件状语从句中，若表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件句的谓语动词可以用“should ＋动词原形”；若if省略， should应提到句首，构成部分倒装。例如：
If it should snow tom orrow ，the m eet- ing would be put off．
如果明天下雪的话，运动会就会推迟。
13．_____it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge．（94上海）鶤．Were鶥．Should鶦．Would D．Will
2、动词arrange（安排，筹划），command（命令，要求），demand（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），insist（坚决主张），order，propose（主张，提议），request，require，suggest（建议）等后跟宾语从句时，谓语动词应用“（should）＋动词原形”。例如：
14．The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the role．（MET85）
A．obeying鶥．obey鶦．will obey鶧．would obey
15.Jane's face suggested that she __________ ill，and her parents suggested that she______ a medical examination．（95上海）
A．be；should have鶥．was；have鶦．should be；had鶧．was；has
The doctor ordered that she（should） stay in bed for another week．
医生嘱咐她应该躺在床上再呆一周。
He proposed that we（should）go there by plane．他主张我们应该乘飞机去那里。
3、名词advice，idea，order，demand， plan，proposal（主张），suggestion，request等后跟表语从句或同位语从句时，其谓语动词用“（should）＋动词原形”。例如：
We all agreed to his suggestion that we（should）go to Hangzhou for sightseeing．
我们都同意他的建议我们应该到杭州去观光旅游。
My advice is that we（should）do more eye exercises every day．
我的建议是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。
4、在主语从句的下列三种句型中，主句的谓语动词应用“（should）＋动词原形”。
（1）It is necessary（important，impossible，strange，natural．．．）that．．．
（2）It is a pity（a shame．．．）that．．．
（3）It is suggested（requested，ordered，desired．．．）that．．．例如：
It is necessary that we should send for a doctor．我们很有必要派人请个医生来。
It is requested that Miss Gao（should） give a perform ance at the m eeting．
人们要求高小姐应该在大会上进行一场演出。
It is a pity that he（should）be so careless．他竟如此粗心真是令人遗憾。
六、should可以用来表示惊奇、惶惑、不满、惋惜、忧虑等情绪。例如：
16.You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady．（上海）鶤．might B．need C．should D．would
Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible．他从来没有料到情况竟如此可怕。
七、should可以表示谦逊、委婉之意，意为“可……；倒……”。例如：
Should you like to drink some beer？你是否喜欢喝点啤酒？
He should expect their team to win the match．他倒是希望他们队能赢得这场比赛。
八、should可以用于较强语气的假设情形中，表示“竟然；万一”之意。例如：
If he should fail to come，ask John to go there in his place．万一他不能来就叫约翰代替他去。
Should it blow hard，we would not go out for a picnic．万一明天刮大风，我们就无法去野餐了。
九、should用于目的状语从句或in case引导的条件状语从句中时，相当于might，含有“会；可以”之意。例如：鶷hey got up early so that they should catch up the first flight in time．
他们很早起床以便能及时赶上首班飞机。
He took him along with an umbrella in case it should rain．
他随身带了一把雨伞，以防天可能下雨。
又如：
-The room is so dirty． ＿＿＿＿＿we clean it﹖
-Of course．煩(北京)牘
A． Will B． Shall鶦． Would鶧． Do
简析：问句表示征求对方的意见，故本题选B。
It’s nearly seven o’clock． Jack＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET’95)牘
A． must鶥． need C． should鶧． can
简析：本题应选C。should在本题中表示推测，意为“很可能”。又如：
-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 1200．(NMET’98)牘
A． can鶥． should C． might鶧． need
简析：本题应选B。should在本题中表示应该。
热点五：“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”常见句型及用法
句型1：should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情。含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”。其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”。如：
We ＿＿＿＿ last night，but we went to the concert instead．(MET’92)牘
A． must have studied B． might study
C． should have studied D． would study
简析：本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“我们不应去听音乐会，而应学习”。故本题选C。
句型2：needn’t have＋过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。如：
There was plenty of time． She ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’87)牘
A． mustn’t have hurried鶥． couldn’t have hurried
C． must not hurry D． needn’t have hurried
简析：本题的前一句暗示了一个条件，后一句则是由这个条件得出的结论。故本题选D。
句型3：must have＋过去分词
意为“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。如：
I didn’t hear the phone． I ＿＿＿＿＿＿asleep．(MET’89)牘
A． must be B． must have been鶦． should be鶧． should have been
简析：本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。
I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿＿ at the meeting．(上海’91)
A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken
C． needn’t have spoken鶧． couldn’t have spoken
简析：从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选D。
句型4：may／might have＋过去分词
表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的（可能性）推测，意为“或许／可能做过某事”。另外，用于虚拟语气时，通常用might。如：
He ＿＿＿＿＿you more help even though he was very busy． (MET’90)牘
A． might have given B． might give
C． may have given D． may give
简析：本题应选A。全句意为“即使再忙，他也可能再多给你一些帮助的”。
句型5：could have＋过去分词
表示“（过去）本来可以（能够）做某事，但实际上没有做到”。如：
-I stayed at a hotel while in New York．
-Oh, did you﹖ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET’98)牘
A． could have stayed鶥． could stay
C． would stay D． must have stayed (Key: A)
情态动词专练
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1．Jenny＿＿＿＿have kept her word．I wonder why she changed her mind．(MET1992)牘鶤．must B．should C．need D．would
2．-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ -Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿．(MET1992)牘鶤．might B．will C．can D．should
3．It’s nearly seven o’clock．Jack ＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET1995)牘鶤．must B．need C．should鶧．can
4．The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿get out．(NMET)牘
A．had to B．would鶦．could D．was able to
5．Mr Brown, many students want to see you, ＿＿they wait here or outside﹖ A．shall鶥．will鶦．can鶧．would
6.The monitor must be in the reading-room,_____﹖
A．mustn’t B．doesn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t
7．Dr Baker must have given a good speech at the conference yesterday, ＿＿he﹖ A．mustn’t B．didn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t
8．-When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12:00(NMET)
A．can B．should C．might D．need
9．I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿ for her．(NMET1994)
A．had to write it out鶥．must have written it out
C．should have written it out D．ought to write it out
10．He hardly ＿＿say anything more, since you know all about it．
A．don’t鶥．needn’t鶦．needs鶧．need
11．-Alice looks sad．Did you tell her about the news？-Yes，but I __________ her later．
A．should have told鶥．shouldn't have told鶦．must have told鶧．needn't have told
12．You __________ this morning，if you really wanted to see it yourself．
A．ought to come鶥．may have come鶦．ought to have come鶧．could come
13．-You ought to have come here ten minutes ago．-I __________ ，but the train was late．
A．ought to鶥．ought to have鶦．ought鶧．have ought to
14． __________ he come，the problem would be settled．
A．Would鶥．Should鶦．Shall D．If
15．It is necessary that a college student__________at least a foreign language．
A．masters B．should master鶦．may master鶧．can master
16．Most of the mem bers demanded that the meeting __________ till Friday．
A．should put off鶥．not be put off鶦．wouldn't be put off鶧．can not put off
17．It's unfair that you __________ treat him like that．
A．can鶥．may鶦．need鶧．should
18．I __________ advise you not to do that again in the future．
A．dare B．would C．should鶧．need
19．When I went out，whom __________ I meet but our old friend？
A．should鶥．could C．might D．would
20．Tom __________ at the gate of the cinem a now．
A．should have waited鶥．should be waiting鶦．might wait D．would wait
21.”What you want, you ____ have it on condition that you get the best result,” said the boss.
A. would B. ought to鶦. shall鶧. could
22.---What’s wrong with your car? ---I don’t know. It just _____ start.
A. mustn’t鶥 couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t
23.You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C.don’t need coming D. needn’t come
24.---May I pick a flower in the garden ? ---______.
A. No, you needn’t鶥.Not,please C. No,you mustn’t D. No,you won’t
25.---Helen, will you be at the party tonight ?
---Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _______.
A. won’t鶥 .can’t鶦. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
26.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B .shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave
27.Jenny _____ with him at that time,for I was having dinner with her in my home.
A.can’t have been B.mustn’t have been C .must be鶧.may be
28.If you listen to me,you _____ have some candies,Deary.
A.shall鶥.may鶦.will鶧.must
29.Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet.
A.may鶥.can鶦.will鶧.must
30.He ____ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give
31.There is plenty of time.She ______.
A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried
C.must not hurry鶧.needn’t have hurried
32.The plant is dead.I ______ it more鷚ater.
A.will give B.would have given鶦.must give D.should have given
33.---Dare you go home at night ?----_________.
A.Yes,I do鶥.No,I daren’t C.No,I don’t D.Yes,I dare so.
34.When you go abroad,do you _____ take your passport ?
A.have to鶥.ought to鶦.be able to D.need
35.---You must phone us every week. ----Yes,I _____.
A.must鶥.have to C.will鶧.should
36.---Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman.
----But in fact she is cold and hard on us.You _____ believe it.
A.should B.wouldn’t鶦.mustn’t D.might not.
37.A wise man __ sometimes make a mistake. A.can B.may鶦.might鶧.must
38.Don’t get the ink on your shirt,for it _________. A.won’t wash out
B.won’t be washed out鶦.doesn’t wash out鶧.can’t be washed out
39.---Is your father still an engineer ? ----_______.
A.Yes,he was鶥.He didn’t use to鶦.No,but he used to鶧.No,but he used to be
40.There are so many people in the street that I _____ get through.
A.can’t鶥.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t
41.The classroom is empty.They must have gone to the sportsground,________?
A.don’t they鶥.didn’t they C.haven’t they鶧.hadn’t they
42.---You ought to have come earlier.---Yes,I ______.But the traffic was heavy.
A.ought to B.should鶦.must have鶧.should have
43.Last night he hurt his leg,but at last he ______ get home safely.
A.could鶥.can C.dare鶧.was able to
44.---Shall I tell John about it ? ----No,you ______.I’ve told him already.(1994)
A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
45.Tom ought not to_____ me your secret,but he meant no harm.(1993)
A.have told鶥.tell鶦.be telling D.having told
46.It’s already seven o’clock.Jack _____ be here at any moment.(1995)
A.must B.need鶦.should D.can
47.---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They _____ be ready by 12:00.(1998) A.can B.should C.might D.need
48.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
---Oh,did you ? You _____ with Barbara.(1998)
A.could have stayed鶥.could stay C.would stay鶧.must have stayed
49.Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
( spring) A.might B.should鶦.can D.will
50.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?----I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.(2000)鶤.must鶥.should鶦.would D.might
51.---Write to me when you get home.----________.(2001 Spring)
A.I must鶥.I should鶦.I will鶧.I can
52.---I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ?
---Yes,certainly. ( Spring)
A.Do鶥.May鶦.Shall D.Should
53.---Is John coming by train ?
--- He should,but he ______ not.He likes driving his car. (2002)
A.must鶥.can鶦.need D.may
情态动词讲与练答案
情态动词＋have done: 1-5 ADAAA6-10 CDDCA
Key:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 DBBCD
11-15 A C B B B 16-20 B D C A B
21-25CCDCB26-30BAAAA31-35DDBAC36-40AAADA
41-45CDDAA46-50CBAAD 51-53CBD
篇4：情态动词用法讲与练
湖南隆回一中 罗玉南
I.情态动词+have done的用法
“情态动词＋have done”是历年高考的热点，但有些同学对这一结构不甚了解。为了便于同学们学习，现将这种结构的两种主要用法借表归纳如下。
一、表示对过去情况的推测或估计
所用的句式 意义
must have done 肯定句 一定（已经）……
may ／might have done 肯定句 可能／大概（已经）……否定句可能还没有……
can ／could have done 否定句 不可能（已经）……疑问句 可能／也许（已经）……了吗？
说明：1眒ight ／could有时并不是may ／ can的过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气或更小的可能性。2眒ight have done有时可用于疑问句中，此时might就相当于can ／could。
二、表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备
所用的句式 意义
should ／ought to have done 肯定句，否定句， 疑问句 本来（不） 应该……的
might／could have done 肯定句 本来能够／可以……的
need have done 否定句 本不必要……的
had better have done 肯定句，否定句， 疑问句 要是（没有）干了……就好了
would rather have done 同上 本来想做……（却未做）
说明：1．might have done有时可表示对过去发生事情的庆幸，意为“差点儿……”。如：
Didn't you see that car nearly hit me？I might have been killed．
你难道没看见那辆小车差点儿撞上了我吗？我差点就没命了。
2币注意needn't have done与didn't need to do的差别。
He needn't have come．他本没有必要来。（实际却来了）
He didn't need to come．他没有必要来。（实际也没来）
同学们在做有关“情态动词＋have done”练习时，在掌握这一结构的两种基本用法的同时，还要仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含意，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。
巩固练习：（练习题均为高考题）
1．-I stayed at a hotel while in New York．-Oh，did you？You ____ with Barbara．
A．could have stayed B．could stay鶦．would stay D．must have stayed
2．I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning．She ____鷄t the meeting．
A．mustn't have spoken B．shouldn't have spoken
C．needn't have spoken D．couldn't have spoken
3．He ____鷜ou more help，even though he was busy．
A．might have given B．might give鶦．may have given鶧．may give
4．-I saw our teacher in the office just now．-You ____鷋er，she is still abroad．
A．can't have seen B．mustn't have seen鶦．needn't have seen D．shouldn't have seen
5．Kate is already two hours late．What ____ to her？
A．can have happened B．may have happened鶦．should have happened D．must have happened
6．We ____鷏ast night，but we went to the concert instead．
A．must have studied B．might study鶦．should have studied D．would study
7．There was plenty of time．She ____ ．
A．mustn't have hurried鶥．couldn't have hurried鶦．mustn't hurry鶧．needn't have hurried8．Yesterday，Jane walked away from the discussion．Otherwise，she ____鷖omething she would regret later．
A．had said鶥．said C．might say鶧．might have said
9．-Did you scold him for his mistake？-Yes，but ____鷌t．
A．I'd rather not do B．I'd better not do
C．I'd better not have done D．I'd rather have not done
10．Sorry，I'm late．I ____鷋ave turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again．
A．might鶥．should C．can鶧．will
II. 情态动词难点透视
英语中的情态动词虽然为数不多，但是要掌握好它们的用法并不容易。本文结合同学们在使用情态动词时不易掌握的难点谈几点看法。
1.can表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性。如：
Accidents can happen．Anybody can make mistakes．
如果我们要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用may,could或might等。
We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year．
Will you answer the telephone﹖ It could／may／might be your mother．
2.could用来征求意见时，语气要比can委婉，但在回答问题时我们不能用could,因为语气委婉，可能性就变小了。如：
-Could I use your telephone﹖-Yes, please go ahead．
3.在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事，我们要用was／were able to而不能用could。如：
It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside．
The girl worked hard焥o she was able to pass the final test．
4．must与have to都可以表示“必须”的意思，但要注意以下两点区别。
1) must只有现在时，而have to有现在时、过去时和将来时。如：
We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination．
Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money．
2) must表示主观看法，have to则侧重于客观需要。如：
We must be strict with ourselves in everything．
In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks．
5．must表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。
1) “must＋动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must＋be＋-ing形式对目前正在发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。如：
The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖
2) “must＋have＋过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didn’t牱裨颍疑问部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如：
The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖
The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖
6．shall可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。如：
Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意见)
You shall go to the front at once．(命令)
Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon．
（允诺）鶫e shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告)
Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution．(决心)
7．在表示将来的时间、条件状语从句中，不能用will（这时的will不是情态动词，而是助动词，帮助构成将来时）。如：
If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(误)
If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(正)
当情态动词will表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条件状语从句的。如：
If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English．
如果你愿意听我的话，我将给你提点学习英语的建议。
If you will come this way，the manager will meet you．
请您往这边走，经理现在要见你。
8．should除表示必要或义务外，还可表示推测或可能。如：
The American friends should be here now．
“should／ought to＋have＋过去分词”既可表示本该做而事实上没有做的事，也可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。如：
You should have told her about it the day before yesterday．
It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years．
“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”是很重要的一种句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于这一句型，但要注意熓褂貌煌的情态动词熅渥拥囊馑季陀兴不同。
9．ought to与should意思接近，大多数情况下二者可以互换，但是should谈的是自己的主观看法，ought to则更多反映客观情况，在谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如：
We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work．
She is your mother, so you ought to support her．
We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will．
10．need，用作情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或将need当作行为动词使用。如：
We need report the matter to the boss immediately．(误)
We must report the matter to the boss immediately．（正）
We need to report the matter to the boss immediately．（正）
Dare的用法也一样。
dare 与need 的用法
1).dare作为情态动词,主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句.
a. How dare you say I’m unfair ?
b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she ?
c. If he dare break the rule , he will be punished .
2).need表示”需要”或”必须”,作情态动词用时,仅用于否定句或疑问句. 条件从句中。“有…必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替.
a. You needn’t come so early.
b. --Need I finish the work today ?---Yes, you must./ No , you needn’t .
c. If you need go there , please let me know .
3).dare和need常用作实义动词,有时态,人称和数的变化。所不同的是,在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接带to的不定式; 在否定和疑问句中, dare后可接带to或不带to的不定式.
a .I dare to swim across the river b .He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
C .We need time and money.
d .The dining room needs / wants / requires cleaning every day .
= The dining room needs / wants / requires to be cleaned every day .
e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day ?
III.情态动词的测试热点
本阶段出现了不少“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的句型。在此之前，同学们也学到了许多有关情态动词的用法。笔者在文中对历年来的高考试题进行了分析，指出了历年来高考试题对情态动词的测试热点，谈到了使用情态动词时应注意的相关知识，供同学们参考，以期提高同学们运用所学知识的能力。
热点一：情态动词表示推测的用法
情态动词must，can，could，may，might都可用来表示推测。其中，must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。注意，其否定式mustn’t表示“想必不”；表示“不可能”要用can’t或couldn’t。 may 和 might表示可能性时，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。 can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
需要注意的几点:
1.表示猜测，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“经验之谈”。我们在SEFC Book 2， Lesson 30中学过这样两个表示“经验之谈”的句子：鶦hildren can often get ill suddenly．（小孩常常可能突然生博＃┅鶦ertain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have young children．（家里的某些东西可能有危险，尤其是有小孩的时候。）上面两句可以看作医务工作者或抚养过孩子的人说的话，属“经验之谈”。
2．may和might都不用于疑问句中。如：（正）Can ／Could it be cloudy tomorrow ？（误）May ／Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？
3．must的否定式是can't ／couldn't，不是 needn't或m ustn't。
4．would ＋V原形：想必现在／过去……；现在／过去可能……鶫e would be back today ／yesterday．想必他今天／昨天回来了。（他今天／昨天可能回来了。）
5．should ／ought to ＋V原形：想必现在／将来会……鶷he dinner should ／ought to be ready now．想必晚饭现在已备好。鶫e should ／ought to ring up this afternoon．想必他今天下午会打电话的。
6．will ＋V原形：将来一定／准会……
Try your best，and your wish will come true．尽力吧，你的理想准会实现的。
在近年来的高考试题中，测试may和might表示可能性的频率较高，是一个热点项目。
如：
Peter ＿＿＿＿ come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet．(NMET’93)牘
A． must鶥． may C． can鶧． will
简析：本题选B。本题的后半句暗示了选择答案的条件。
Michael ＿＿＿＿ be a policeman for he’s much too short． (上海’94)牘
A． needn’t鶥． can’t鶦． should D． may
简析：本题选B。本题的后半句给出了理由。
-Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖
-I’m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead．(NMET2000)牘
A． must鶥． would C． should鶧． might
简析：本题答语部分中的“I’m not sure”暗示了说话者的语气不肯定。因而，本题应选D。 Johnny, you ＿＿play with the knif，you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself．(NMET’96)
A． won’t；can’t鶥． mustn’t；may鶦． shouldn’t；must D． can’t；shouldn’t
简析：本题应选B。第一空用mustn’t表示禁止，第二空用may表示可能。
情态动词表示猜测的答题方法及考例精析
解答情态动词表示猜测的试题时，一要清楚被猜测的时间，二要清楚有无客观事实根据。若有客观事实根据，则无论是肯定还是否定的猜测，猜测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案；情态动词表示猜测时语气从强到弱的顺序是：must，will，would，ought to，should，can，may，could，might。若无客观事实根据，纯凭主观臆断，则猜测语气最弱且符合时间要求的为最佳答案。如：
1．I thought you __________ like something to read，so I have brought you some books．（MET 1986）鶤．may B．might鶦．could D．must
由题意可知被猜测的时间是（过去）将来，没有客观事实根据，猜测语气要求最弱，所以正确选项是B。
2．Peter __________ come with us tonight，but he isn't sure yet．（MET 1993）
A．must鶥．may C．can D．will
由题意可知被猜测的时间是将来，没有客观事实根据，猜测语气要求最弱，所以正确选项是B。
3．It __________ last night，for the ground was wet this morning．
A．must have rained鶥．may have rained鶦．must rain鶧．might rain
由题意可知被猜测的时间是过去，有客观事实根据the ground was wet，猜测语气要求最强，所以正确选项是A。
4．Mary __________ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago．（MET 1994）鶤．mustn't鶥．can't鶦．shouldn't鶧．may not
由题意可知被猜测的时间是现在，有客观事实根据I saw her in the town a few minutes ago，猜测语气要求最强，所以正确选项是B（can't是m ust的否定式）。
5.-There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well．
-It __________ a comfortable journey．（NMET 1995）
A．can't be B．shouldn't be C．mustn't have been D．couldn't have been
由题意可知被猜测的时间是过去，有客观事实根据there were already five people．．．take me as well，猜测语气要求最强，所以正确选项是D。
6．-When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They __________ be ready by 12：00．（NMET 1998）
A．can B．should C．might D．need
由题意可知被猜测的时间是将来，有客观事实根据need them tomorrow afternoon，猜测语气要求最强，所以正确选项是B。
7．-Are you coming to Jeff's Party？
-I'm not sure．I __________ go to the concert instead．（NMET 2000）
A．must鶥．would C．might D．should
由题意可知被猜测的时间是将来，没有客观事实根据，猜测语气要求最弱，所以正确选项是C.
热点二：情态动词表示能力的用法
情态动词表示能力时，一般用can／could或be able to 。be able to用于表示能力并且可用于各种时态，而can只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。此外，当表示过去成功地做成了某事时，只能用was ／ were able to。如：
A computer ＿＿＿＿＿ think for itself， it must be told what to do．(MET’91)牘
A． can’t B． couldn’t鶦． may not鶧． might not
简析：这里说明电脑不具备独立思考的能力 故本题选A。
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿get out．(NMET’97)牘
A． had to B． would C． could鶧． was able to
简析：本题题意为“大火很快蔓延了整个旅馆，但全体人员都脱离了危险。”， 故本题选D。
热点三：表示“许可”、“允许”的情态动词
can／could may／might都可用来表示请求允许或许可。过去式could和might常用于疑问句中，表示礼貌。回答时，常用原形can或者may，不可再用过去式could或might。如：
-Could I borrow your dictionary﹖(MET’92)
-Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A． might B． will鶦． can鶧． should
简析：本题的前一句用could提问，表示委婉的请求。回答时，应用原形can。故本题选C。
热点四：shall／should的用法
shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见，常译为“要某人做某事吗﹖”。shall也可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人的意愿，有命令、警告、决心、强制、许诺或威胁之意。研读历届高考题不难发现，should的考点主要体现在以下几个方面： 1）表示责任和义务，意为“应该”；2）表示可能性推测，意为“很可能、该”；3）用于虚拟语气中。
4)．should（not）have done结构的用法。现结合历届高考题对其用法作一归纳。
一、“should（ought to）have done”结构意为“本来应该……”，表示过去应该做或值得做的事情而没有做到，含有后悔、埋怨、责备等意味。该结构的否定式“shouldn't（ought not to）have done”则表示过去做了不应该做的事，意为“本来不应该……却……”。例如：
1.Jerry __________ have kept her word，I wonder why she changed her mind．（MET91）鶤．must B．should鶦．need鶧．would
2.We __________ last night，but we went to the concert instead．（MET92）
A．must have studied鶥．might study鶦．should have studied鶧．would study
3.I told Sally how to get there，but perpaps I __________ for her．（NMET94）
A．had to write it out鶥．must have written it out
C．should have written it out鶧．ought to write it out
4.Tom ought not to __________ me your secret，but he meant no harm．（MET93）
A．have told B．tell鶦．be telling鶧．having told
5.There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party．You ______ come，but why didn't you？（99上海）鶤．must鶥．should鶦．need have D．ought to have
6.I was really anxious about you．You __________ home without a word．（NMET2001）
A．mustn't leave鶥．shouldn't have left鶦．couldn't have left鶧．needn't have left
7.Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach．I _______so much fried chicken just now．（2002上海春季高考）
A．shouldn't eat鶥．mustn't have eaten鶦．shouldn't have eaten鶧．mustn't eat
二、“should have done”结构还可以表示动作已经完成，但含有感情色彩，表示惊讶、惊奇等意味。意为“竟，竟然，居然”。例如：鶬'm sorry that this should have happened．很遗憾，竟然发生了这种事情。
It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years．这几年你竟然取得如此大的成就，真是了不起！
三、should也可以用来表示“推测”，意为“可能；该”。相当于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客观根据或根据推理对现在某事发生的“可能性”进行描述，语气上不如must强。若对现在正在进行的事情的推测，则用should be doing结构。例如：
8．-Will Mr Wang offer us a hand？
-He__________ be glad to．He never refused our request．（92上海）
A．can鶥．must C．may D．should
9．-When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon．
-They __________ be ready by 12：00．（NMET98）
A．can鶥．should鶦．might鶧．need
10．It's nearly seven o'clock．Jack __________ be here at any moment．（NMET95）
鶤．must鶥．need鶦．should D．can
I don't think he should be sleeping now，is he？我认为他现在不可能正在睡觉，是吗？
四、“should like／love to do sth．”结构意为“愿意／想做某事”。“should like／love to have done”结构则意为“本来想干某事，而当时却没干”。例如：
11．Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening．（MET92）
A．to be taken B．to take鶦．being taken D．taking
12．I should love __________ to Professor Smith，but I didn't get any more chance．（96上海）
A．to be introduced鶥．to have been introduced鶦．to have introduced鶧．introducing
He should like to have attended the evening party，but he was too busy．
他本想参加这次晚会，可是当时他太忙了。
- 高考英语语法名词pleasure用法2023-01-09
- tell的用法精讲2023-07-30
- 初中英语高频动词用法2023-12-03
- 初中英语作文怎么讲2023-05-21
- 讲家庭的初中英语作文2023-03-16
- be going to 结构用法精讲2025-02-26
- 物理教学与习题讲练的关系2023-09-13
- 全民体育锻练的初中英语作文2022-12-30
- 国家、城市名词前法语介词的用法2023-06-23
- 练托福口语就要多开口讲2025-11-17