托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析

以下是小编为大家准备的托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析，本文共8篇，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。本文原稿由网友“旻惠会”提供。

篇1：托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析

托福阅读解题代入技巧实例分析 原来词汇题可以这么做

托福阅读词汇题可用代入法推断

这种方法相当于万无一失的万金油了。不论你遇到什么情况，把四个选项带入到原文中看是否语义通顺符合逻辑。是个正确率比较高的方法。

代入法解题思路实例讲解

原题实例

the deserts, which already occupy approximately a forth of theearth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasingly at an alarmingpace. the expansion of desert--like conditions into areas where they did notpreviously exist is called desertification. it has been estimated that anadditional one-fourth of the earth's land surface is threatened by this process。

the word threatened in the passage is closet in meaning to ----

A、restricted B、endangered C、prevented D、rejected。

思路解析

这道题目问的是threatened这个单词的意思。大部分背了单词的同学都知道是威胁的意思，很容易的就可以选择b答案。但是如果你不认识这个单词呢，我们来看下单词所在这个句子，“估计另外的四分之一的土地被这种进程所-------。”那么这个进程讲的就是前面所提到的沙漠化的进程。我们来看下四个选项，A受限制的， B被威胁的，C被阻止的，D被拒绝的。把这四个单词带入的话，我们得出b 被威胁的这个选项是最合适的。

托福阅读撩题必备技能——后置定语

常见的后置定语表现形式：

The leaders (present at the meeting) are very famous

His lover (for his country) is very great

The kid (running on the ground) is cute

The girl (punished by the teacher) cried

She has a meeting (to attend)

Ilike the chocolate (that you bought for me yesterday)

Paragraph4: Forehead rubbing by male deer on buckrubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the samespecies. First, the chemicals deposited on the rub provide information on the individual identity of an animal; no two mammals produce the same scent. For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. Second,because only male deer rub, the buck rub and its associated chemicals indicate the sex of the deer producing the rub. Third, older more dominant bucks produce more buck rubs and probably deposit more glandular secretions on a given rub. Thus, the presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crudemeasure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactorysignals on a buck rub makes it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.

What can be inferred fromparagraph 4 about the trumpeting of bull elk?

○Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.

○Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to convey information about their identity.

○Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.

○Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.

这是一道推断题，较有难度，根据题干定位后发现解题区间在原文的最后2句话，都是长难句，我们来逐一分析一下;根据trumpeting先是定位到最后一句，这个句子包含了后置定语conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub,读到这里发现并不是句子重心,后面的makes it social equivalent才是句子重心，由此能感觉到作者意在做类比，非常符合推断题的解题思路哦，比较对象分别是通过olfactory (rub) 传达的信号和通过auditory(trumpeting)传达的信号，这两种信号具有相同的社会功能;

上一句依然包含了后置定语，being in the general vicinity ........in a given area，所以句子重心在前，讲的是rub的出现代表着周围有older, higher-status的buck

最后我们尝试联系一下这2句话，得出的结论是:olfactory(rub)→higher status buck

=auditory(trumpeting)→higher status bull elk,选择A

The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since theentry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlerstold of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath be moaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia Riveron November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances. They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter,they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation. Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:“ The deer which once pictures quely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone in 1832, hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops.”

According to paragraph 3, how had Fort Vancouver changed by the time David Douglas returned in 1832?

○The fort had become the headquarters for the Hudson's Bay Company.

○Deer had begun populating the meadows around the fort.

○Deer populations near the fort had been destroyed.

○Crop yields in the area around the fort had decreased.

这是一道细节题，解题策略会相对更简单粗暴一些，根据题干1832我们定位到and his final contact with the fort in 1832，这里读一下发现并没有回答题目，那下一句应该继续再讲1832年之后的故事，由此往下看是一个长难句，出现了后置定语which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort,并不是句子重心，句子重心在were gone, 表示这些鹿都消失了，以此为线索可以确定包含destroyed的选项C为同义改写选项

The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization of the Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing, and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place, domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques. It is now generally believed that these prerequisites originated with peoples speaking Austronesian languages (a group of several hundredrelated languages) and began to emerge in Southeast Asia by about 5000 B.C.E.The culture of that time, based on archaeology and linguistic reconstruction,is assumed to have had a broad inventory of cultivated plants including taro,yarns, banana, sugarcane, breadfruit, coconut, sago, and rice. Just as important, the culture also possessed the basic foundation for an effective maritime adaptation, including outrigger canoes and a variety of fishing techniques that could be effective for overseas voyaging.

All of the following are mentioned inparagraph 3 as required for successful colonization of the Pacific islands EXCEPT

○ knowledge of various Austronesian languages

○ avariety of fishing techniques

○ navigational skills

○ knowledge of plant cultivation

这是一道排除题，几个正确选项在第一句话里都分别有提及，而错误选项A并非完全没有提到，它的位置在第二句话的前半个分句,这里依然出现后置定语speaking Austronesian languages,用以修饰people,而不是A选项提到的中心词knowledge,所以选A

■There is a danger, of course, that playmay be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leadingto aggression. This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors.■Thus, many species have evolved clear signalsto delineate playfulness.■Dogs, for example, will wag their tails,get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate “what follows is just for play.”■

With messages such as those, evendogsthat are strangers to each other can be playing within a few minutes

再看一道插入题，插入题我们一般会关注插入句中的逻辑词比如这里有even,那我们换个角度看一下，这里发现了后置定语that are strangers to each other用以修饰前面的dogs,所以插入句中提到的狗不是泛泛而指的狗哦，而是互相不认识的狗。回到原文发现最后一句话开始提到Dogs，是泛指,插入句中的dogs被后置定语限定过，是特指，特指放在泛指后面，选D

The raising of live stock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands, where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation. The consequences of an excessive number of livestock grazing in an area are the reduction of the vegetation cover and the trampling and pulverization of the soil. This is usually followed by the drying of the soil and accelerated erosion.

○Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation insemiarid lands.

最后这是一道段落小结题，该段落第一句话为段落主题句，同时出现了后置定语where grasses aregenerally the dominant type of natural vegetation，句子重心在前，强调家畜的饲养为主要经济活动，中心词是the raising of livestock,后面的内容也是围绕着这个词展开的，讲的是这种活动对于该地区产生的影响，不再涉及后置定语中有关grass的讨论;所以这个选项就自然排除啦。

托福阅读：寻找题干能力对于highlighted sentences解题过程的重要性

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

在这里要注意，highlighted sentences的题目是直接给出明确的做题指导的，那就是错误的句子会1)漏掉句子中的重要信息。2)曲解句子的意思。

在现实做题备考过程中，学生们往往很容易看出曲解句子意思选项，知道不可以选，但容易在一些信息全对的选项上犹豫。这几个选项的信息原文句子都有提到，那我究竟应该选择哪一个选项呢?

其实在托福考试的highlighted sentences题型中，其实有一条“潜规则”，那就是：那句highlighted sentence的主干其实就是句子的重要信息。所以，在这个时候，分析句子题干就成为了一个至关重要的能力。就让我们先一起看一道例题吧!

Paragraph3: The West had plenty of attractions: thealluvial river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rocky,sterile land and to southeastern farmers plagued with soil depletion and erosion. In 1820 under a new land law, a farm could be bought for$100. The continued proliferation of banks made it easier for those without cash to negotiate loans in papermoney. Western Farmers borrowed with the confident expectation that the expanding economy would keep farm prices high, thus making it easy to repay loans when they fell due.

5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

O Because the West had more rivers and forests than the East, its soil was more productive.

O The fertile soils ofthe West drew farmers from regions with barren soils.

O Farmers living in western areas of the United States were more affected by soil erosion than farmers living in eastern areas.

O The soil in western areas of the United States was richer than soil in eastern areas.

这是TPO 20-1 Westward Migration 的 highlighted sentences 题，初看这道题，很多单词量不够大的学生是很有压力的，所以他们会觉得这道题很难做出来的原因是因为太多单词看不懂，比如alluvial,fecund, loam, prairies, sterile, depletion…… 但对于很多单词量大的同学，也很容易选择A或者D这两个选项，然后在我提示他们答案并不是A的时候表示惊讶：啊?那剩下还有别的选项能选吗?

其实，出现这两种情况的原因都是因为同学们没有从找题干的角度分析这道题。于是现在，就让我们先暂时不看选项，而是单独看这个highlighted sentence，找寻一下这个句子的主干。

其实，这个句子虽然复杂，但静下心里看，主干还是很明显的。这个句子的冒号前后是两句话，重点是冒号后面的那一句，仔细看的话，会发现the alluvial river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies这一群很复杂的词组组成了主语，were tempting to… and to… 构成了谓语，New England farmers working their rocky, sterile land和southeastern farmers plagued with soil depletion and erosion.构成了宾语，所以整个句子的结构就非常清晰了，那就是：

.x were tempting to .x and .x.

翻译成中文就是：.x 正在引诱.x.

所以，这个句子的主干，是一定包含了.x正在引诱.x 这个意思的，如果选项中没有包含了这个意思，就不是正确选项。那么这时候，同学们再来看一看这道题，应该选择什么呢?

A选项虽然包含了很多句子中的信息，但它唯独没有.x正在引诱.x的意思，所以不是正确答案。

B选项虽然是最短的选项，语言也非常概括，但它是麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。其中的drew就有吸引的意思，所以其实这是一个可以选择的选项。

C选项整个意思倒过来了，不是西部农民，而是东南部农民更容易被soilerosion所影响。

D选项的信息也没有错，但跟A选项一样，它也不包含主干内容。

所以最后我们的答案是B选项。这个让大家都觉得太短了，信息太少的选项反而是正确答案，就因为它是唯一一个信息没错误又包含了句子主干内容的选项。所以，其实从某种意义上来说，就算同学们不认识那些生词，只要找到主干，知道temptto的意思，就也能运用我们的分析主干技巧来顺利选出B选项。

现在，同学们是不是已经掌握了托福的highlighted sentences 主干就是句子的重要信息的“潜规则”了?有了这样的技巧，大家就再来试一道题吧!

The frequency with which certain simplemotifs appear in these oldest sites has led rock-art researchers to adopt adescriptive term—the Panaramitee style—a label which takes its name from theextensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia, whichare covered with motifs pecked into the surface.

6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thehighlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave ways or leave out essential information.

○ The oldest rock art sites have simpler motifs than the best known sites of Panaramitee North.

○ Because motifs primarily associated with the Panaramitee region are common in the oldest sites, the term Panaramitee style has become the general term for rock art of this type.

○ Because the Panaramitee style is socommon in the older sites, researchers have described it most extensively.

○ The motifs carved in the rocky surface of the Panaramitee region make up the oldest form of rock art discovered in Australia.

这道题的答案是...

B

因为原句的主干是.X has led researchers to adopt a term。所以正确选项里面一定要包含.x让研究人员采用一个term的信息。纵观4个选项，A,D都没有这个信息，其实C选项也没有，described it most extensively并不是采用一个term，更何况extensive(ly)在原文中并不是修饰describe而是修饰rock pavements，所以这里还出现了信息错误。最后再让我们来看B选项，B选项虽然没提到researchers，但它包含了一个term被采纳的信息。所以B选项是毫无疑问的正确答案。

大家这道题都做对了吗?我相信有了找主干分析句子重点信息的能力，同学们应该很轻松就选出来了吧!所以，寻找题干这个能力能力对于highlighted sentences的解题过程是至关重要的，大家一定要好好记住这一点技巧。

篇2：托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析

托福阅读paraphrase题型解题思路技巧实例分析

托福阅读中的paraphrase问题如何应对?

在托福阅读中，还有一类题型经常出现，那就是paraphrase。

这类问题需要大家在给出的选项选择与文章中的长难句意义相近的一句话。

这类问题还是有一定难度的，因为选项中存在一些干扰项。

那么这类问题有哪些解题技巧呢?

Strategies to answer this question：

1. 划分句子主谓宾，充分理解句子意思;

2. 将句子大意用自己的话复述一遍，简化句子成分;

3. 看问题选项中有没有跟刚复述的句子意义相似的句子;

4. 选出正确答案后，看一下其他错误选项。这些错误选项有的意思跟原文不同，有的漏掉了原文中的重要内容。找出这些错误，确保万无一失。

Example:

大家先来看一个例子：

Rather than sell the painting, which is most likely worth millions of dollars, the Jesuits decided to make it available to the nation of Ireland for viewing. Thus, the painting is on “indefinite loan” to the National Gallery of Ireland. Nevertheless, the painting continues its travels as it features in exhibitions around the world, from the United States to Amsterdam.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence?

a. The National Gallery of Ireland now owns the painting.

b. The National Gallery of Ireland bought the painting from the Jesuits.

c. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting, but the Jesuits still own it.

d. The National Gallery of Ireland can display the painting as long as they allow it to travel.

想要回答正确，就要准确理解文中indefinite loan的意思。“Loan”可以理解为an object is being lent，那么这句话的意思就很明白了。尽管爱尔兰国家画廊展出了这幅画，但他的所有者仍是Jesuits。

这样就可以排除A项跟B项。D项应改为：while the gallery can display the painting—this is not contingent upon it traveling.

托福考试阅读长难句解析指导

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible by piecing together bits of historical evidence, such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists dating back to thefifteenth century. ( TPO43, 48)

piece v.拼凑，组装

大家自己先读，不回读，看一遍是否能理解

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible (by piecing together bits of historical evidence),(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) (dating back to the fifteenth century). (TPO43,48)

托福阅读长难句分析：

这个句子的主干是：

Scientists try to document as many past El Nino events as possible

修饰一：(by piecing together bits of historical evidence) ，介词短语

中文：通过拼凑很多小的历史证据

修饰二：(such as sea-surface temperature records, daily observations of atmospheric pressure and rainfall, fisheries’ records from South America, and the writings of Spanish colonists) ，介词短语

中文：例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录以及西班牙殖民者的作品。

修饰三：(dating back to the fifteenth century)，非谓语动词

中文：追溯到15世纪

托福阅读长难句参考翻译：

科学家们通过拼凑很多小的历史证据，来试图尽可能多地记录过去的厄尔尼诺现象，例如海面温度记录、气压和降水的日常观察，南美洲渔业记录，以及追溯到15世纪的西班牙殖民者的作品。

这个句子的主要修饰成分就是非谓语动词和介词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。

托福考试阅读长难句解析指导

29. But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world. (TPO 6 William Smith)

托福阅读长难句句子分析

本句的主句是it became clear，而as引导的则是时间状语从句，表示“随着……”。主句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面两个that引导的名词性从句，也就是主语从句，它们也是本句理解的重点所在。

托福阅读词汇精记

strata表示“地层”，它的单数形式是stratum。

sequences of rocks指的是“岩层顺序”。

catalog也可拼作catalogue(英式拼法)，作动词时，表示“把……编目分类”, 比如：He catalogued all the insects in his collection. 他把所收集到的昆虫编目分类。catalog也可以作名词，表示“商品目录或购物指南”。

differ from sth. to sth.，表示“从……到……不同”，可以借鉴到写作中， 比如：The attitude toward shopping online differs from person to person. 对于网上购物，不同的人有着不同的态度。

托福阅读长难句参考译文

但是，随着越来越多的地方出现日益增多的地层分类，清晰的事实表明：有时岩层顺序是因地区不同而发生变化，全世界还没有一种岩层能成为可靠的地质年代的标志。

托福考试阅读长难句解析

Their competition and collaboration werecreating the broadcasting industry in the United States, beginning with theintroduction of commercial radio programming in the early 1920s.

记忆单词：

competition n.比赛

competitor n.参赛者

competent adj.有能力的

competence n.能力

collaboration n.合作

collaborate v.合作

commercial adj.商业的

commodity n.商品

理解句子：

此句结构清晰，划线部分为分词作状语。

篇3：托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读题型应对技巧实例分析和解题思路

托福阅读烧脑推理题要这么做

托福阅读推理题解题思路分析

从题型构成上来看，托福阅读10大题型中的推理题其实很像是细节题，似乎都是需要考生返回原文来寻找具体信息并加以解题的。而这两种题型的不同之处在于细节题能够在原文中找到对应选项的细节，最多进行一些简单的表述形式变化，但含义却保持一致，可以说相对简单。

而推理题则需要大家在找到原文的基础上再做进一步的逻辑推理分析，正确选项代表的含义要靠大家自己思索出来，无法在原文中直接找到对应内容。换句话说，大家需要根据文中的相关依据再往前做简单推理才能得出答案。大家不要小看这一步推理的过程，很多同学偏偏就是不知道该怎么去进一步思考推理。

做好推理题需要类比逻辑思维

既然提到了逻辑思维分析推理，接下来小编就来为大家介绍一下托福推理题中比较常用的类比逻辑思维方式。这种思维模式很简单，也就是文章中提到两个事物，互为比较对象，而这两个事物具有一些相同的特点特征，因此可以根据A事物具有的特征来推理出B事物也具备相同的特征。

举个简单的例子，像小刘一样，小王也喜欢养猫。那么从这句话里，我们就可以通过类比思维来推断出，小刘喜欢养猫。大家是不是觉得这也太容易了，不要小看这种推理思维，下面给大家两道来自托福官方真题中的阅读逻辑题做参考分析。

推理类比思维解题技巧实例讲解

实例1

When it comes to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.

What can be inferred about whales from this paragraph?

A . They are considered by some to be reptiles.

B. Their bodies are built in a way that helps them manage extremely cold temperatures.

C .They are distantly related to leatherback turtles.

D .They can swim farther than leatherback turtles.

思路分析

先来看一道简单一点的逻辑题，这段文字讲了某种海龟的特点，其中提到了鲸鱼，问题就是能够从这段文字中推理出什么和鲸鱼有关的信息。根据infer这个关键词，可以看出这是一道较为明显的逻辑推理题。

这段文字一共就两句话，第一句话就类似上面举的简单例子里的“像小刘一样”的这个部分，直接把类比双方海龟和鲸鱼提了出来。然后第二句话则说明了海龟具体具有的特点。那么根据类比逻辑，鲸鱼应该具有的也是第二句话中的这个特点，接下来大家只要从选项里找到和第二句话内容相近的部分就可以了，也就是海龟具有的应对寒冷的独特能力鲸鱼也有，所以选B。

实例2

Buck rubs also have a scent. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication. Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. The presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.

What can be inferred from this paragraph about the trumpeting of bull elk?

A.Trumpeting by higher-status bull elk signals their presence to other members of their species.

B.Bull elk need to combine trumpeting with olfactory signals to covey information about their identity.

C.Trumpeting alerts white-tailed deer to the presence of bull elk in their vicinity.

D.Trumpeting provides a better measure of deer presence in a given area than buck rubs do.

思路分析

接下来再来看这道更有难度的推理题，这道题目的类比逻辑结构和上面正好相反，先说了A事物的一个特点，然后再说B事物也有类似特点。对应到原文中应该就是文章的最后一句给出的提示，也就是buck rub散发出的olfactory signal和bull elk trumpeting发出的auditory signal有相同的作用。那么接下来大家就要去找出buck rub的olfactory signal有什么功效然后和选项对照一下就能得出正确答案了。

具体到文章里，buck rub的作用就是sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species和indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity，而trumpeting by bull elk应该也具备类似功效，也就是选项A了。

总结以上两个例子可以看出，托福阅读中的逻辑题虽然需要考生进行自主思考，但这种推理思考的难度其实也并不算高，大家不用想得太多太复杂，只需要稍稍进行简单的逻辑推理自然就能找到正确答案了。小编希望大家能够通过上面的例子了解应对托福阅读逻辑题的正确和实用思路，更好地解答阅读逻辑题拿到考试高分。

托福阅读考试中的推理题——教你一招搞定推理题

官方对推理题的定义

首先，大家要正视官方OG(Official Guide)对推理题的定义：“对于文中强烈暗示而未明确表述信息的识别和理解”。这里面我们要重点看两个细节，一是“强烈暗示”，二是“未明确表述”。

第一，“强烈暗示”，即原文中给定的信息与正确答案的信息紧密相连，而并不会出现需要太多太大脑洞的地方。首先就是我们要认真阅读题目中限定的段落(基本上会以某一段为主，而且题目明显给出“According to Paragraph 1”这样的字样)，并在脑海里迅速生成段落的结构逻辑，即哪句是主旨(Topic Sentence)，哪句是细节(Details)，哪句是证据(Evidence)，有没有分论点(Minor Ideas)等。并在此基础上，将文章内容与各个选项中的信息匹配。而“匹配”也很重要，如果文章内没涉及相关信息的，得推个五重六重才能得出的答案必然不会是我们的正确答案。而且这是ETS常常挖的一个坑，就看你愿不愿意一往无前地跳进去了。所以划重点：托福中的推理题最多只要往前推一步就足够了，要时刻牢记得托福只是一个语言类考试。

第二，“未明确表述”，即正确选项应该 是文章中没有明确给出我们完全一样的表述，但理论上应该是正确的内容。这就有一个迷思了。很多刷题不够多的同学会想当然地以为推理题必然要往前推那么一大步，类似细节题正确选项的内容(即同义改写)就常常放弃了。而如果你做过超过十套TPO并认真分析你遇到的所有推理题，你就会发现，当出题者想降低出题难度的时候，把推理题的正确答案设置为paraphrase原文某个内容的选项就是一个很普遍的选择。因而，推理题并不会因为“没有推理”而排除任何选项。相反，恭喜你，你只是遇到了一道难度略低的推理题。

一种推理题的解题思路:Contrast

Contrast(或是Comparison)的地方是ETS钟爱的出推理题的地方。其实，某种程度上而言，这就是让我们去学习一种很好的思考方式，或者是逻辑论证方式。笔者相信，你的写作老师一定会跟你讲过，有的写作题目的个别论点的处理是可以通过对比来实现的。

如果你之前是在国内读高中，而且不是国际学校，那么你的确有可能对这种逻辑思维方式觉得似乎没有那么熟悉。非也，非也。现在让我们来回顾一个场景。

场景回顾：如果你是一个理科生(或者有化学、生物课的文科生)，回想一下你的化学和生物课上做的实验，老师有没有做过这样的对比试验：

实验1：现在我们开始实验演示。溶液A和溶液B放入相同的溶液，两个溶液都是透明无色的，没有气泡。现在我们将一块白色无味放入溶液A中，观察实验现象。我们发现，与B溶液对照，A溶液中开始慢慢出现的气泡。

实验2：现在我们开始实验演示。溶液A和溶液B放入相同的溶液，两个溶液都是透明无色的，没有气泡。现在我们将一块白色无味放入溶液A中，观察实验现象。我们发现，与B溶液对照，A溶液中开始慢慢变成红色。

我们再画个表格看一下。

溶液A

溶液B

实验前

无色无味

无色无味

实验1

出现气泡

实验2

变成红色

如果这是在化学课，且AB溶液是对比实验，我们会在上面表格的空白处填出什么内容?实验1：没有出现气泡;实验2：没有变成红色。对吗。

好了，如果你能填出上面的正确内容，说明你已经掌握了一种行之有效的托福阅读推理题的解题思路!

什么，你不相信?请看题目(来源：TPO)：

Paragraph 1: It should be obvious that cetaceans—whales, porpoises, and dolphins—are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke1 and blowhole2 cannot disguise their affinities with land dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

There were great numbers of them.

They lived in the sea only.

They did not leave many fossil remains.

猜一下正确答案是什么?没有错，答案就是A。

为什么呢?请注意原文中说“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds(seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and atsea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.”重点信息是“unlike thecases of sea otters…., it is not easy to envision….whale...”，“不像sea otter的情况，对于鲸鱼而言，是很难想象最初的鲸鱼是什么样子的。

不够清晰?我们再来画一个表格。

cases

sea otter

whale

envision

not easy

有没有发觉很熟悉!是不是跟刚刚的化学实验一模一样!所以请告诉我，空白处应该填什么?“easy”，对吗?好的，这时候我们再来看一下选项A说了什么?“It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.”

“not difficult”是不是就等同于我们填入的“easy”!所以这么一道绕来绕去的题目我们就搞定啦。正确答案就是A选项。

有没有发觉get到了一个很高大上的技能!快来新东方的托福阅读课堂，收获更多推理题神技哦～

3个方面全方位解读托福阅读推论题，你懂了吗?

托福阅读推论题的类型和解法

托福阅读推论题都是按照托福阅读文章信息来把隐含意的题目推出，可划分成共性推理题和无共性推理题。有共性推理题是题干里包含了与原文内容相同的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位推理;无共性的推理题就是题干中无线索。

托福阅读推论题的解题难点

推论题目有难度，但并不如同词汇题或者事实信息题，考生在解题时一般只是需要定位到原文基本上就看到了正确选项。但是推论题就算是能够定位到原文，考生们同样是不能找到任何可以直接选择的证据。因此题目难在思维处理过程，考生在思维处理时一定要把握好“度”，不可以出现思维局限，在文章中挖掘深层含义的力度不够或是出现过分的“思维扩展”，推测出超出原文内涵的选项。在思维局限时，考生可能会倾向于选择直接来源于原文的信息，这种信息是常见的解题障碍;思维扩展太多则会加入自己的常识，并不利于解题，往往会答错。

托福阅读推论题的选项特征

通过专业考试分析表示此类题型的正确选项是利用定位句综合提取出的的信息，该类信息一般是不会被原文直接用字面意思表达出来，通常是很含蓄、概括的;错误选项通常包含有3种情况：第一种是没有直接原文依据的内容;第二种是原文中明显提到的内容;第三种则是无关选项，可能是其他位置出现的信息。

上面通过三个不同方面对托福阅读推论题进行详细的解读，希望通过上文能够对各位考生 有一定的帮助

篇4：托福阅读推理暗示inference题型解题思路技巧实例分析

托福阅读推理暗示题基本解读

托福阅读中的推理暗示题要求考生结合文章中的内容信息进行符合逻辑的假设和关联，从而得出合理的结论。换句话说，推理暗示题需要大家寻找的并不是那些放在明面上的信息，而是隐藏在文字之间的线索。而推理暗示题的提问方式也是很有特点的，一般问题中都会包含有suggest, imply或是infer等词汇。

篇5：托福阅读推理暗示inference题型解题思路技巧实例分析

想要做好托福阅读推理暗示题，考生首先需要具备基本的解题思路，下面这几个解题要点大家需要有所了解他，它们分别是：

1. 仔细审题

想要做好托福阅读推理暗示题，仔细审题，理解问题的核心是至关重要的第一步。推理暗示题的提问形式通常是以下哪一条是关于X.X.X.X的合理暗示/推理，而X.X.X.X的部分就是大家需要回到原文中仔细体会一番的核心。而考生只有仔细审题，才能更好地定位到题目提问的对应位置，展开下一步的线索寻找。

2. 理解段落主题

这一条是很多同学在解答推理暗示题时都比较容易忽略的一点。大家可能习惯性地把推理暗示题当成了普通的细节题来处理，直接找到对应的段落就开始在字里行间寻找解题线索。而想要做好推理暗示题这么做显然是不够的。因为这类题型所问的内容往往涉及到整个段落叙述的主旨主题，换句话说推理暗示题需要大家在理解了段落主题的前提下才能做好，因此比较合理的做法应该是先确定题目对应的段落，然后再整体理解段落之后再开始找线索，这样的解题顺序才能更好地确保答题正确率。

3. 巧用排除法

凡是做选择题，排除法都是一个相当实用的技巧。而这种技巧在托福阅读的推理暗示题中也同样适用。一般来说，每道推理暗示题给出的4个选项中，至少会有1-2个是存在明显错误一眼就能看出的，比如选项中提到了和文章完全无关的内容，这种选项不用深究直接就可以排除掉了。考虑到推理暗示题直接从正面找到正确选项难度较高，用排除法来反向解题才是更为高效合理的解题思路，希望大家能够掌握并合理运用。

4. 留意极端词句

当选项中出现一些较为极端的用词和句式是，这种选项就非常值得关注了，大部分情况下这种带有极端表述的选项都是比较显眼的陷阱选项，因此考生如果发现类似特征也可以较为快速地进行判断和排除。比较常见的极端词汇有always, forever, never, all, totally, completely等等，极端句式则有this is the only...或是this is the limit of...等等。总而言之对于这些选项大家在排除题中遇到时还请多加留意。

5. 小心包含术语词汇的选项

还有一种比较容易误导考生的选项是包含有特定术语词汇的选项。比如一道暗示推理题，大家定位到指定段落中发现主要讲了A，A是某个比较复杂生僻的学术用语类词汇。而选项中恰好有一个选项就包含了这个词汇，可能很多同学下意识地就会觉得这个选项看起来很不错。然而这种选项却很有可能并不符合题目的要求，只是借着术语词汇在跟大家套近乎。这种情况考生也需要小心谨慎地进行判断。

托福阅读推理暗示题实例讲解

接下来小编就为大家带来一道托福阅读推理暗示题的实例讲解，阅读原文直接给出了对应段落，大家可以先尝试自己解答一下再来看答案和解析：

推理暗示题例题

The body that impacted Earth at the end of the Cretaceous period was a meteorite with a mass of more than a trillion tons and a diameter of at least 10 kilometers. Scientists first identified this impact in 1980 from the worldwide layer of sediment deposited from the dust cloud that enveloped the planet after the impact. This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust of Earth. Even diluted by the terrestrial material excavated from the crater, this component of meteorites is easily identified. By 1990 geologists had located the impact site itself in the Yucatán region of Mexico. The crater, now deeply buried in sediment, was originally about 200 kilometers in diameter.

Which of the following can be inferred from the paragraph about the location of the meteorite impact in Mexico?

A. The location of the impact site in Mexico was kept secret by geologists from 1980 to 1990.

B. It was a well-known fact that the impact had occurred in the Yucatán region.

C. Geologists knew that there had been an impact before they knew where it had occurred.

D. The Yucatán region was chosen by geologists as the most probable impact site because of its climate.

正确答案

C

选项分析

上面这道题目就是一道相当标准的推理暗示题，我们来根据选项逐个分析：

选项A属于比较标准的无关选项，整个段落都没有提到地质学家有刻意隐瞒的做法举动，所以可以直接排除。

选项B属于错误推理，文章倒数第二句才说到地理学家们直到1990年才定位到了撞击地点位于Yucatán地区，何来well-known一说，很明显是推理除了问题，排除。

选项D和选项A类似，同样属于无关选项，气候climate在整个段落中也没有被提到过，同样可以直接排除。

选项C是正确答案，结合对整个段落的理解，就是地质学家们早就有了关于撞击的理论和学术研究，但找到具体地点则是之后才发生的事情。文章中给出的两个时间点就暗示了这一点，1980年确认了有这次撞击，1990年找到了Yucatán地区，先后顺序很明确。所以是正确选项。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Whatever the source...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been, it seems entirely likely that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side by side) and control occurred in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even inEurope, among peoples who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle.

词汇讲解：

tame /te?m/ v. 使(某 物)驯服或顺从

intimate /'?nt?m?t/ adj. 亲密的，亲切的;私人的，个人的;精通的，详尽的

结构划分：

(Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been), it seems entirely likely (that much the same process of juxtaposition(living side by side) and control occurred) (in both southwest Asia and northernAfrica, and even in Europe), (among peoples) (who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

it seems entirely likely，it指代后面的从句that

修饰一： (Whatever the source of the original tamed herds might have been) ，从句

中文：无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处

修饰二：(that much the same process of juxtaposition (living side byside) and control occurred) ，从句

中文：和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们的过程发生了

修饰三： (in both southwest Asia and northern Africa, and even in Europe) ，介词短语

中文：在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲

修饰四：(among peoples) ，介词短语

中文：在人民中

修饰五：(who had an intimate knowledge ofthe behavior of wild cattle).，从句

中文：对野生牛群行为了如指掌

参考翻译：

无论最初驯化的兽群起源于何处，在南亚、北非甚至在欧洲，那些对野生牛群行为了如指掌的人民当中，和兽群毗邻而居并且控制它们这样的过程极有可能发生了。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：importance of olfactory...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

The importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached.

词汇讲解：

olfactory /?l'f?kt(?)r?/ adj. 嗅觉的

document /'d?kj?m(?)nt/ vt. 用文件证实或证明(某事)

captive /'k?pt?v/ adj. 被捕获的，被俘虏的

twig /tw?g/ n. 嫩枝

approach /?'pr??t?/ vt. 接近, 靠近

结构划分：

The importance (of olfactory communication) (using odors to communicate) (in the way of life of deer) was documented (by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago), (which noted)(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs), (especially as autumn approached).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

The importance was documented

修饰一：(of olfactory communication)，介词短语

中文：嗅觉交流

修饰二：(using odors to communicate)，非谓语动词

中文：使用气味去交流

修饰三：(in the way of life of deer)，介词短语

中文：在鹿群生活方式中

修饰四：(by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago)，介词短语

中文：一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究

修饰五：(which noted)，从句

中文：研究提到

修饰六：(that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs)，从句

中文：雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额

修饰七：(especially as autumn approached)，从句

中文：尤其当秋天临近时

参考翻译：

嗅觉交流(使用气味去交流)在鹿群生活方式中的重要性，被几十年前一个关于被捕获的成年雄鹿的研究证实，这个研究提到：尤其当秋天临近时，雄鹿会在树枝和嫩枝上摩擦前额。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：They revealed output powers...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency, the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy.

词汇讲解：

blade /ble?d/ n. (刀﹑ 剑﹑ 凿等的)刃;(划水桨﹑ 螺旋桨﹑ 锹﹑ 铲﹑ 板球击球板等的)扁宽平面部分

kinetic /k?'net?k/ adj. 运动的，运动引起的

结构划分：

They revealed output powers (ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60) (for the largest wheels) and confirmed that (for maximum efficiency), the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, (having given up almost all of its kinetic energy).

深度分析：

这个句子主干就是：

They revealed output powers and confirmed that

宾语从句的主干：the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed

中文：水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过，并以最小的速度流走

修饰一：(ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60)，非谓语动词

中文：输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力

修饰二：(for the largest wheels)，介词短语

中文：对于最大水轮

修饰三：(for maximum efficiency)，介词短语

中文：为了达到最高效率

修饰四：(having given up almost all of its kinetic energy)，非谓语动词

中文：释放水的几乎所有动能

参考翻译：

它们(调查)显示输出功率范围是从1马力到最大水轮可能输出的60马力;它们也确定了要达到最高效率，水应该从叶轮上尽可能光滑地流过，并以最小的速度流走，释放水的几乎所有动能。

篇6：托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析

托福阅读难点题型解题思路实例分析 句子简化题做法介绍

托福阅读句子简化题怎么做?

托福阅读的句子简化题要求考生快速地把文章段落中打上阴影的一个长难句简化成一个意思不变的同义句。解答句子简化题其实有一个规律，那就是：原句的核心信息在正确选项中一定被同义改写了，但是句子中的重要的逻辑关系是不会变的。知道这个规律，解开这道题就变得简单了。

托福阅读句子简化题解题技巧实例讲解

下面，我们来看官方真题Official3Desertification这篇文章的句子简化题：

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affected, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.

B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.

C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort.

D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.

很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。

正确的做法是：

1.找出句子的主谓宾，也就是谁做了什么，然后关注句子的逻辑关系。例题的主语是：seriousness of desertification，逻辑关系词是表示原因的：result from，所以我们可以优先看有表示原因的选项，他们中若有正确答案，那么剩下的选项就无需过问了。这样做不仅快，而且效率高。我们不难发现：A选项中有because;B选项中有because of;所以我们先看这两个选项。

2.我们还发现原因用as well as相连，说明是两个原因，一个是影响land和people，一个是reverse和slowthe process很难。A选项正确表达了句意，而B选项把原文中并列的两个原因变成了因果关系，很明显是错的。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Successin colonization...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Successin colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established.

结构划分：

Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization ---- (a safe site) (where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) (at which the invading species can become established.)

深度分析：

这个句子的主干就是：

Success in colonization depends (to a great extent) on there being a site (available for colonization)

注意depend on被短语to a great extent(很大程度)隔开了，断句不要出现问题，后面还有一个放在后面的形容词短语(available for colonization)修饰a site

修饰一：(a safe site) ，同位语，解说说明前面的a site

中文：一个安全的地点

修饰二：(where disturbance by fire or bycutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level) ，从句

这个从句有点复杂：

where disturbance (by fire or by cutting down of trees) has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

(by fire or by cutting down oftrees)，介词修饰放在后面disturbance

注意这里有一个并列结构，either or

either removed competing species

or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level

中文：在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么减低了竞争水平和其它负面的物种间相互影响的水平

修饰三：(at which the invading species can become established.) ，从句

中文：入侵物种能够定居下来。

参考翻译：

成功的移居很大程度上依赖于有一个可用的移居的地点，即一个安全的地点，在那里由于焚烧或伐木要么移除了竞争物种，要么把物种间的竞争和其他负面的物种间相互影响减少到让入侵物种能够定居下来。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Many prehistorians believe...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently in several different areas of the world when small communities, driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources, began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival.

结构划分：

Many prehistorians believe that farming may have emerged dependently (in several different areas of the world) (when small communities, (driven by increasing population and a decline in available food resources), began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival).

深度分析：

这个句子的主干是：

Many prehistorians believe that从句

从句中的主干是：

farming may have emerged dependently

修饰一：(in several different areas of the world)，介词短语

中文：在世界几个不同地区

修饰二：(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词修饰small communities

中文：迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减

修饰三：(when small communities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival)，从句

请大家注意此处的断句问题。

从句的主谓被非谓语给隔开了。就是它：

(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources)

中文：当一些小的群落开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时

参考翻译：

许多史前学家认为：当一些小的群落迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少压力，开始在地里种植种子去努力保证他们生存时，农业可能在世界几个不同地区就独立出现了。

托福阅读100个长难句精选汇总深度解析：Chinese papermakers...

托福阅读100个长难句实例分析

原句案例：

It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners captured in a battle fought near Samarqand between the Chineseand the Muslims in 751, and the technique of papermaking - in which cellulosepulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets - slowly spread westward.

词汇讲解：

cellulose /'selj?l??z/ n. 纤维素

pulp /p?lp/ n. 果肉;纸浆

extract /?k'str?kt/ vt. 取出，拔出;压出, 榨出(汁液等);选录，摘录

suspend /s?'spend/ vt. 悬挂或吊起某物;使(某物)悬浮;使(某事物)暂停

screen n. (筛煤﹑ 砾石等的)筛子

flexible /'fl?ks?bl/ adj. 易弯曲的，柔韧的， 有弹性的

结构划分：

It has been said that Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners (capturedin a battle)(fought near Samarqand)(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751), and the technique of papermaking - (in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of several plants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets) - slowly spread westward.

深度分析：

这个句子的主干是：

It has been said that + 从句

从句的主干是：

Chinese papermakers were among the prisoners and the technique of papermaking slowly spread westward

修饰一：(captured in a battle)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰the prisoners

中文：在战争中被俘

修饰二：(fought near Samarqand)，非谓语动词，相当于形容词，修饰battle

中文：在撒马尔罕附近

修饰三：(between the Chinese and the Muslims in 751)，介词短语

中文：在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间

修饰四：(in which cellulose pulp extracted from any of severalplants is first suspended in water, caught on a fine screen, and then dried into flexible sheets)，从句，修饰the technique of papermaking

注意：从句里面还有一个非谓语动词修饰cellulosepulp

cellulose pulp (extracted from any ofseveral plants) is first suspended in water

中文：首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张

参考翻译：

据说在751年，在中国和穆斯林之间，在撒马尔罕附近的一场战役中，中国的造纸匠被虏成为囚犯，这样造纸术(首先从几颗植物中提取纤维素纸浆悬浮在水中，在精致的筛子上过滤，然后烘干成有韧性的纸张)才缓慢向西方传播。

篇7：托福阅读解题提速思维技巧实例讲解

先来看例题：

A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations of organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area.

1. Which of the following statements about commensalism can be inferredfrom paragraph 1?

A. It excludes interactions betweenmore than two species.

B. It makes it less likely for specieswithin a community to survive.

C. Its significance to the organizationof biological communities is small.

D. Its role in the structure ofbiological populations is a disruptive one.

普通解题思路：

新手考生在看到这样题目的时候，会先把文章看完甚至翻译一遍，认为理解了自然就能选对答案。这是正确率最高最靠谱的做法，但最大的缺陷是考试时无法在短时间内理解文章并且做完题目。所以大家在阅读能力不是很强阅读解题速度还无法保证的时候，尽量不要使用看完理解再做题的方法。

高速解题思路：

定位规律

? 题干关键词：commensalism

? 文中定位点：There are three main types ofsymbiotic relationships: parasitism, commensalism,and mutualism.有三种共生关系：寄生、共生、互利共栖。说的是题干关键词本身的内容，无法对应选项。

那么接下来看选项：

A 共生关系不包括超过两个物种之间的相互作用

B 共生关系使得物种在生物团体中难以生存

C 共生关系在生物群体中的重要性是小的

D 共生关系在生物结构中的角色是引起混乱的

这里我们要学的是一个小套路，我们把文中内容和选项都理解后得到这样的一个逻辑：

文章：第一个和第三个在一个生物团体结构中是重要的;意思是，所有的有机体居住在一起并且在特定的区域相互作用。

推理模式：第一个(寄生)和第三个(互利共栖)在一个生物团体结构中是重要的→第二个(共生)是不重要的

所以选C

托福阅读提速思路价值分析

但这样分析题目，对我们来说有什么实际的意义呢?同学们，这篇文章的核心就是希望大家能高效的发现题目的切入点并且解决问题。于是，对于这道题来说发现一个能够广泛使用的规律，比起选出正确答案更有意义：

让我们聊聊刚才在题目中的推理模式：第一个(寄生)和第三个(互利共栖)在一个生物团体结构中是重要的→第二个(共生)是不重要的。

这个推理模式叫做反义推理(也叫做反向推理、取非，意思一致)，是托福阅读推理题常用的推理模式，并且在细节题、否定事实信息题(NOTEXCEPT)和判断其他题型错误选项的时候经常使用，也是最常见的一种思维模式。反义推理的核心来自于归约(reduction)，意思是当未知量与已知量看上去无法匹配的时候，在二者之间搭上一个桥梁来使得找答案变得更简单。

托福阅读的层次如何分析

分析托福阅读层次对于理解托福阅读非常重要，下面就为大家分析托福阅读关系，文章中有很多能够表现出主题的句子，首先要将他们进行了解，然后在进行分析，这样就可以取得理想的托福阅读理解效果。

对于多数人来说，可能“读文章各段首句，然后看题目，再找文章内相应部分做题”的托福阅读做题顺序会比较合适，读各段首句可以粗略掌握文章大意和结构，做题再看内容再做能大大降低“工作量”，但是这种做法不利于对全文的消化吸收，从而不利于做总结题，也可能会遗漏文章内的一些细节而导致做错细节题。而新托福目前反馈大都是顺序出题的，所以建议练习时就尽量往“读一段做相应题目，再读一段再做相应题目”这一顺序去靠拢，可以对文章有全面的把握，虽然总量上还是要读完全文，但是对大脑的短期记忆的负担要比通读全文再做题目小很多。

在新托福阅读中，甚至可以扩展到ETS所有考试的阅读题目中，如果要用一个词来概括的话，那就是paraphrase，意译。无论是题干还是正确选项，大都能在原文中找出一句话来与之相对应。即题目是原文的意译。这种意译是通过同义词来完成的。即题干中多用近义词来对原文中的句子进行替换，来达到提出问题或者提出正确答案的意思。准确把握意译，是多数题目中准确在原文中定位信息、或者在迷惑选项中选出正确的那个，都有着重要的作用。

托福阅读层次分析中，关于先看题目还是先看文章的问题。也就是做题时间安排的问题。由于对问题的回答建立在了熟悉全文的基础上，每个问题又有足够的时间返回全文，每个选项都一一进行斟酌。

分析托福阅读层次，首先要知道托福阅读文段一般都依照老美的思路来成文，首段、尾段、首句、尾句以及过渡段(句)很重要，只要是依据美国人的阅读思路来安排托福阅读做题顺序，那托福阅读就不会像你想象的那样难以拿分。

托福阅读如何快速做笔记

阅读过程中,进行同步的快速笔记是托福考试中的一种自然需求。

一方面，托福阅读的文章长度在700个单词左右，考生如果单纯依靠自然的大脑记忆，很难在阅读完整篇文章以后记住所有的要点。因此，考生只有在阅读的同时记录下相关的重要信息，才能在解答题目的时候对文章所阐述的主要内容有印象，从而减少重复阅读文章和查询信息的时间。另一方面，文章中的信息存在着一定的关联，通过笔记，考生可以很清晰地发现和标记这些关联，对于理解文章的主题和把握文章的重要信息都有积极的意义。这个时候，“边读边记”才真正变得名副其实了。

按照ETS的官方说明，托福阅读中涉及的文章都是一些科普类型的文章，它们的结构特征和内容特征是比较明显的，因此在笔记中需要记录的内容也是可以相对明确的。笔者根据托福文章的特点，归纳出六个需要在阅读时记录的要点：

主题段和主题句的关键词。托福文章中的主题段和主题句都是参与搭建文章结构的，因此记录它们中的几个关键词对于把握全文的结构非常重要。同时，文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。

时间和数字。一般来说，出现时间概念的文章或段落通常和时间顺序有关，作者会用不同的时间点串出一条时间线索。而个别数字的出现则意味着这个数字所阐述概念的重要性是不容忽视的，因此，除非文章中出现了数据堆积的现象，考生都需要把数字记录下来。在记录时间和数字时需要注意两个问题，一是在记录时间的同时要同步记录下该时间点所发生事件的关键词，二是无论文章中的时间和数字是什么形式，考生在记录的时候都一律记录成阿拉伯数字，以便于之后做题时的查询。

人名、地名和专有名词。这些概念在文章中出现的时候，一般都会出现大写字母或引号等标记，非常有利于信息索引和定位。此外，当提到这几个具体的概念时，文章通常是在用这些概念说明某个理论或者观点，因此记录下这些概念对于理解 ，相关理论和观点可以起到一定的辅助作用。

举例主体。有的时候，为了说明某些理论和观点，文章中会出现大段的举例文字。实际上，托福考试中考查这些例子具体内容的时候非常少，而更多的是考查作者使用这些例子的原因或它们所证明的观点。因此，考生在快速笔记中只需要记录下例子是什么就可以了，至于例子中所阐述的具体信息，可以适当忽略。

新概念和局部核心概念。所谓“新概念”是指当考生读到文章某个位置时，之前没有出现过的概念。这种新概念的出现，意味着已有的概念已经不能说明这里要阐述的问题，所以，新概念的出现必然也意味着一个重要信息的出现。而“局部核心概念”是指在连续的几个段落中集中阐述的主题概念，对于这种概念来说，无论是作为观点还是举例大家都应该注意，因为它显然是作为重点在文章中被强调的。

重要的逻辑关系。很多考生在阅读文章的时候只注意到了文章所阐述的重要内容，但是忽略了信息之间的逻辑关系，因而对信息关联理解不准确，这也是一种严重的错误。因此，在阅读过程中记录下信息之间所产生的逻辑关系可以避免考生丢失信息之间的关联信息。

托福阅读词汇外延能来的好处

在日常训练中总结托福阅读里出现的词汇，词组，以及每天花一定时间记忆托福阅读高频词汇是相当重要的，但是，这个过程要注意方法：记忆词汇最好结合一定的语言环境去记，通过一定的语言环境，去理解单词的内涵，甚至是其表达方式的文化背景。

在这里，先举个简单的例子，大家都知道work是工作，劳动的意思，而在“The new method worked”这个句子里，work的意思却是奏效的意思。太简单了?那好，我们再来看个例子，deny这个词，很多人都知道是否认，拒绝的意思，大家甚至于列出一大堆同义词来，比如，refuse， decline， reject 等， 这是个好现象，但是很多学生当碰到 “In the old times， a lot of girls were denied the right of education。”

这样的句子的时候就开始犯难了。否认，拒绝套进去似乎都解释不通。其实，这个句子里的deny没像大家想象的那么神秘，各位可以用 be deprived of 这个词组来理解它。

在拿到一个单词的时候，在了解了其中文意思，参照了例句之后，大家不妨想一下，如果是我来用这个词造个句子，我会怎么用它。用了主动语态之后，我该怎么把这个词放到被动语态中去，加上时间状语、地点状语、条件状语等等之后又是怎么样的，如果我是外国人，我会怎么运用它。

每个人遣词造句的思路其实是大同小异的(当然也不乏思维特异的人，不过托福考试毕竟针对的是广大的人民群众，而不是针对爱因斯坦这样级别的学生的)，因此托福阅读文章的作者也是如此，如果，你在记忆托福词汇的时候，能够灵活运用，注意词汇的外延，那势必会对你理解不同的句型，文章带来好处。

篇8：托福阅读句子简化题解题思路实例分析

下面，我们来看官方真题Official3Desertification这篇文章的句子简化题：

The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendousnumbers of people affect ed, as well as from thegreat difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.

A Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects largeareas of land and great numbers of people.

B Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread overlarge areas of land.

C The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involve d in the effort .

D Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.

很多托福考生在做句子简化题时，习惯性地把待简化的句子翻译成中文，那样做其实不仅慢，而且很容易乱。

正确的做法是：

1.找出句子的主谓宾，也就是谁做了什么，然后关注句子的逻辑关系。例题的主语是：seriousness of desertification，逻辑关系词是表示原因的：result from，所以我们可以优先看有表示原因的选项，他们中若有正确答案，那么剩下的选项就无需过问了。这样做不仅快，而且效率高。我们不难发现：A选项中有because;B选项中有because of;所以我们先看这两个选项。

2.我们还发现原因用as well as相连，说明是两个原因，一个是影响land和people，一个是reverse和slowthe process很难。A选项正确表达了句意，而B选项把原文中并列的两个原因变成了因果关系，很明显是错的。

托福阅读经典好句积累

1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.

戴着面具身着盛装的人们，经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵，并且作为一个扮演者所能做的，就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临，阳光的重现的结果。

2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.

但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题，就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。

3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.

十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步，包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量，最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调——从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果——的乐器。

4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.

虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的，但用一句完全感性的话来说，电影从来就不是没有声音的。

5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.

多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手中，通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。

托福阅读中的易错词汇积累

1、quite 相当 quiet 安静地

2、affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响

3、adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行

4、angel 天使 angle 角度

5、dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记

6、contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛

7、principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则

8、implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的

9、dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文

10、pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打

11、decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下

12、sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水

13、later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近

14、costume 服装 custom习惯

15、extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的

16、aural 耳的 oral 口头的

17、abroad 国外 aboard 上(船，飞机、

18、altar 祭坛 alter 改变

19、assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音

20、champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役

21、baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓

22、beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式

23、precede proceed 进行，继续

24、pray 祈祷 prey 猎物

25、chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房

26、monkey 猴子 donkey 驴

27、chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳

28、cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉

29、clash (金属)幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏

30、compliment 赞美 complement 附加物

31、confirm 确认 conform 使顺从

32、contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照

33、council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事

34、crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛

35、dose 一剂药 doze 打盹

36、drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水

托福阅读常考词汇的积累

enroll to one = combine

complement = supplement = add to

substitute = replace

so far = until present = up to now

rooted in = based on

make their way = travel

vulnerable--open to break-open to attack -- weak --susceptible

perishable 容易腐烂的= easy to spoil

Seething 沸腾的 --- overflowing/excited/active

float = stay on the top

be consistent with = be compatible with

property 财产，特征 = characteristic = attribute (名词意为”特征，属性\")

simulated ---- artificial

sort --- type -- kind

staggering摇晃的; 犹豫的; 压倒的(多数) =overwhelming

string线, 绳子; 一行, 一系列 =series

swell -- enlargement --- expand

tract- area - terrain

symmetric 对称的，均衡的 --- balance

taper 逐渐变小 --- diminish --- 收缩

tenet --- principle/belief

turn = change

vast - immense - extensive

with the ordinary citizen's pocketbook = affordable

advent = arrival

affair = matter

chronic --- constant - confirmed 慢性的;证实的

consequence = result/importance

counter = oppose

countervail 补偿，抵消; 对抗 = compensate/oppose

distinction = differentiation/excellence/honor

distribution = dispersion = dispersal

embed = implant

euphoric = extremely happy

flake = fragment

hinder 阻碍，打扰= interfere with

ladings 船货= cargos shipment

mandatory = required, obligatory

mundane 世俗的，平凡的= ordinary

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