下面是小编为大家带来的初中英语感叹句和祈使句语法重难点，本文共5篇，希望大家能够喜欢!本文原稿由网友“一小轻舟”提供。
篇1：初中英语感叹句和祈使句语法重难点
一. 感叹句
感叹句是用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的一种句式。尽管感叹句的表现形式多种多样,但主要的表现形式只有两种,即what和how引导的感叹句。what修饰名词,how修饰形容词、副词或动词。
1. what 引导的感叹句
句型：
(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
What a beautiful city it is! 这是一个多么美丽的城市啊!
What an interesting story she told! 她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊!
(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
What expensive watches they are! 它们时多么昂贵的手表啊!
What terrible weather it is! 这是多么糟糕的天气啊!
2. how 引导的感叹句
句型：
(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How hot it is today!今天天气多么热啊!
How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How he loves his son! 他多爱他的儿子啊!
(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How tall a tree it is! 这是一棵多么高的树啊!
3. 上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。
What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!
What a hot day it is today!→How hot it is today!
【注意】what和how引导的两种感叹句，在口语中常用简略式，即省略后一部分(陈述句部分)如：
How cold!多冷啊!
What heavy traffic!交通多挤啊!
4. 比较：感叹句和特殊疑问句
感叹句：How busy you are!(陈述句语序)你多么忙啊!
疑问句：How busy are you?(疑问句语序)你有多忙?
这两种句子的根本区别在于：感叹句后面是陈述句语序，而疑问句的语序要颠倒。
二、祈使句
用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句通常省略主语，谓语动词用原形，句尾用感叹号或句号。
1. 肯定的祈使句
句型：动词原形do+sth.(省略主语)
Be careful!小心!
Stand up.起立。
有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do
Do sit down. 务必请坐。
Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。
2. 否定的祈使句
句型：Don't +动词原形 do sth.
Don't swim in the river.别在河里游泳。
Don't be late.别迟到。Please don't be noisy.
请不要大声喧哗。
3. 用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。
Go this way，please. 请这边走。
4. 祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开，放在句首或句尾。
Li Ming，come here. 李明，过来。
Come here，Li Ming. 过来，李明。
【注意】
(1)表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
No parking. 禁止停车。
(2)Let's包括对方，Let us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。
Let's go，shall we?咱们去吧，怎么样?
Let us go，will you?让我们去吧，行吗?(征求对方的意见)
回答Let's do sth的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用NO，let's not.
篇2：初中英语100道重难点
初中英语100到英语语法重难点
1. Where Uncle Sun yesterday?
A. was B. were C. did D. does
2. They going to see Mr. Sun tomorrow.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3. Some are in the river and some are games.
A. swiming, playing B. swimming, playing
C. swimming, playing D. swimming, playing
4. Where is Dick? He to the reading-room.
A. has been B. went C. has gone D. goes
5. Mark Twain, an American writer, everybody here.
A. knows B. is known as C. is known to D. is known for
6. I hope he will come to see me before he here.
A. leave B. leaves C. will leave D. left
7. My teacher told me that Australians English.
A. spoke B. speak
C. speaks D. are speaking
8. I think she right now.
A. reading B. reads C. is reading D. read
9. ---- Where are the children?
---- They a good time in the garden.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had
10. ----- Where my glasses? I can’t find them.
---- I them on the bookshelf, but they aren’t there.
A. you put, put B. you have put, have put
C. have you put, put D. did you put, have put
11. When the police arrived, the man for 10 minutes.
A. died B. was death C. had died D. had been dead
12. By the time this talk is over, we a lot about the earth.
A. will be learning B. are learning
C. world learn D. will have learnt
13. The teachers told me that they me to smooth away the difficulties.
A. helped B. will help C. help D. were going to help
14. ----Have you seen him today?
----Yes, I him this morning.
A. has seen B. see C. will see D. saw
15. He worried when he heard this news.
A. is B. was C. does D. did
16. What’s your friend going next week.
A. doing B. do C. does D. to do
17. I don’t think that it’s true. He’s always strange stories.
A. tell B. telling C. told D. tells
18. Have you ever West Hill Farm?
A. gone to B. arrived C. come to D. been to
19. How long he the novel?
A. has, borrowed B. has, kept
C. has, lent D. is, using
20. He to do this lessons at eight every evening.
A. is begining B. is beginning C. begin D. begins
21. The children a swim this afternoon.
A. are going to has B. is going to have
C. are having D. are going to have
22. There a telephone call for my brother Steven yesterday.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
23. he on well with his friends this term?
A. Does, gets B. Does, get
C. Is, getting D. Is, geting
24. Who away my pen? I can’t find it.
A. haven taken B. takes C. has taken D. took
25. Shall we football this Saturday?
A. play B. playing C. plays D. to play
26. The children at school now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
27. Mr. Smith short stories, but he a TV play these days.
A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes
C. writes, is writing D. writes, writes
28. He said he the league for two years.
A. has joined B. has been in C. had been in D. joined
29. She likes watering trees in the garden, she?
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. isn’t D. didn’t
30. What you to do to keep the room clean?
A. do, have B. does, have C. did, have D. are, have
31. Some flowers by Kate already.
A. have been watered B. watered C. have watered D. has been watered
32. When winter comes, the leaves fall.
A. are going to B. will C. will be D. would
33. I to the cinema. I there every Sunday.
A. go, go B. am going, go C. go, am going D. am going, am going
34. You about the future now, you?
A. don’t think, don’t B. aren’t thinking, aren’t C. don’t think, do D. aren’t thinking, are
35. He was afraid that he his way.
A. would lost B. would lose C. is going to D. shall lose
36. We each other since he left here.
A. didn’t see B. hadn’t seen C. haven’t seen D. had seen
37. Mr. Smith out for a walk in the park every day.
A. is going B. goes C. went D. go
38. He from home for a long time.
A. has gone away B. had gone away
C. has left D. has been away
39. You mustn’t go too high, or you dangerous.
A. will be B. are C. would be D. is going to
40. We have known each other .
A. since we were young B. after we were young
C. when we are young D. if we are young
41. She promised she do better work.
A. would B. will C. shall D. is going to
42. How long has this shop ?
A. be open B. been open
C. opened D. been opened
43. Mr. Smith here since he moved to his city.
A. had lived B. have live
C. have lived D. has lived
44. ----Have you read the newspaper?
----No, I haven’t .
A. too B. yet C. just D. already
45. Our knowledge of the universe all the time.
A. grow B. is growing
C. grows D. grew
46. She won’t go to the cinema if she the work tomorrow.
A. doesn’t finish B. won’t finish C. will finish D. finish
47. My grandma for half a year.
A. has been dead B. was dead C. has died D. died
48. She to the Great Wall several times.
A. goes B. has gone C. went D. has been
49. The earth round the sun.
A. move B. moves C. moved D. will move
50. Liu Fengwei three yuan for the lost library book.
A. paid B. spent C. cost D. took
51. I the bike for over four years.
A. have bought B. have buy C. have had D. bought
52. He told us that he that factory the next day.
A. had visited B. has visited C. will visit D. would visit
53. His mother the Party last year. She a Party member for a year.
A. joined, was B. has joined, is C. joined, has been D. has joined, has been
54. We don’t know if it the day after tomorrow.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. would rain
55. He said he his life for his country.
A. give B. gave C. had given D. would give
56. He always to the park on Sunday morning.
A. go B. goes C. went D. is going
57. Look, the students to the teacher carefully.
A. is listening B. are listening C. listen D. listened
58. He in this school in 1958.
A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. had taught
59. They said they to England the next day.
A. will fly B. had flown C. would fly D. flew
60. They the work in two days.
A. had finished B. would finished C. is finishing D. will finish
61. By the end of last week, we two thousand words.
A. would learn B. have learned C. had learned D. were learning
62. When he left, his mother .
A. is cooking B. cooked C. was cooking D. cooks
63. We’ll go to play with snow if it tomorrow.
A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed
( ) 64. There no milk in the glass.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
65. The train when we got to the station.
A. has just left B. had just left C. leaves D. left
66. Dr Smith is not at home. He to work.
A. has gone B. has been C. had been D. had gone
67. That man knows a lot about New York. I heard he before.
A. had gone to the city B. had been in there
C. had been there D. had been New York
68. The artist to Europe. He is there now.
A. has gone B. has been C. had gone D. had been
69. Miss Brown said she never to North China before.
A. has, gone B. has, been C. had, gone D. had, been
70. What your grandma this time yesterday?
A. is, doing B. was, doing C. did, do D. had, done
71. I to see the film because I have lost my ticket.
A. won’t go B. didn’t go C. don’t go D. haven’t gone
72. The students will have a football match if it fine next Saturday.
A. will be B. would be C. was D. is
73. She asked me if I the story before.
A. have read B. had read C. would read D. will read
74. What they at eight yesterday evening?
A. are, doing B. did, do C. have, done D. were, doing
75. You can’t see him now because he an important meeting.
A. is having B. have C. has D. was having
76. I to my brother since last summer.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. haven’t written D. don’t write
77. Li Ping will visit the Great Wall as soon as he free.
A. will be B. is C. was D. has been
78. One day when I the post office I my uncle.
A. pass, see B. was passing, saw C. passed, saw D. pass, saw
79. He he some mistakes in the test.
A. said, will make B. said, made C. said, had made D. said, make
80. They tired so they stopped a rest.
A. are, have B. were, have C. were, to have D. are, having
81. My father every day.
A. takes a walk B. took walk C. take a walk D. is taking a walk
82. Mary is seven years old. She eight next year.
A. is B. will C. was D. will be
83. A table and many chairs made by him yesterday.
A. was B. were C. are being D. was being
84. I’ll go with you as soon as I my work.
A. will finish B. shall finish C. finish D. finished
85. Trees green in spring.
A. turn B. turns C. would turn D. is turning
86. Yesterday I in bed all day because I had a fever.
A. lay B. lie C. laid D. lain
87. Hello, Mike. It’s you. I you in Beijing. How long have you been here?
A. don’t know, were B. hadn’t know, are
C. haven’t known, are D. didn’t know, were
88. A: When again?
B: When he . I’ll let you know.
A. he comes, comes B. will be come, will come
C. he comes, will come D. will he come, comes
89. The last bus . I had to walk home.
A. had gone B. have gone C. went D. has gone
90. A: Are you making cakes? B: .
A. Yes, I do B. Yes, I am C. Yes, I’m D. Yes, I’m making
91. ----What time ?
----My watch .
A. it is, stopped B. is it, has stopped C. it is, has stopped D. is it, is stopping
92. What on Sunday?
A. does he sometimes do B. is he often doing
C. has he done D. is usually he do
93. Did you hear someone at the door when you TV last night?
A. knock, was watching B. knock, watching
C. knock, were watching D. knock, are watching
94. That Japanese knows the Salt Lake City. I heard he before.
A. a lot of, had been there B. a lot about, had been there
C. lot, had been there D. a lot of, had gone there
95. As soon as we saw his face, we the news bad.
A. knew, was B. know, were C. know, was D. know, were
96. Reading English magazines and newspapers helpful to your study of English.
A.is B.are C.will D.is going to do
97.Mary ,what doing ?
A.she is B.are you C.you are D.is
98. A: Is this a new radio?
B: No,I____it for five years.
A. have B.have had C.had had D.will have
99.I' m sure he will come to see me before he Beijing.
A.will leave B.is leaving C.would leave D.leaves
100.It seemed that he something expensive.
A.have lost B.lost C.had lost D.has losted
参考答案
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C
6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C
11.D 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B
16.D 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.D
21.D 22.C 23.C 24.C 25.A
26.B 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.A
31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.B
36.C 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.A
41.A 42.B 43.D 44.B 45.B
46.A 47.A 48.D 49.B 50.A
51.C 52.D 53.C 54.A 55.D
56.B 57.B 58.A 59.C 60.D
61.C 62.C 63.B 64.D 65.B
66.A 67.C 68.A 69.D 70.B
71.A 72.D 73.B 74.D 75.A
76.C 77.B 78.B 79.C 80.C
81.A 82.D 83.B 84.C 85.A
86.A 87.D 88.D 89.A 90.B
91.B 92.A 93.C 94.B 95.A
96.A 97.B 98.B 99.D 100.C
篇3：初中英语重难点教学反思
一、现状分析
从这次期中调研考试的结果来看，9班、13班两班学生的英语的成绩一般。从试卷分析的情况表明，主要是由于学生灵活运用综合英语知识的能力较差，这说明在教学方面存在着思想意识上的偏差，同时教学方法上也需要进行探讨和改进。
二、应对措施
1、关于课堂教学
课堂教学要注重实效，向45分钟要效益。
A、教师要从学生的实际出发，准确把握学生现有的认识水平和身心发展规律，着力于培养学生良好的听课习惯，使之勤于思考，乐于表达。
B、改变传统的问答式，给学生充足的时间考虑，让学生多读读，力争通过自己的探索达到学习的目的。教师在课堂上要充分发挥自己的主导作用，进行适时的点拨，给学生一些建设性的意见和建议，使他们学会学习的方法。
C、教师要因材施教，针对不同的学生设计不同的教学思路，让学生感到学习的乐趣及学习具有挑战性，并有征服难题的信心。
D、教师在常规课中要多采用多样的教学手段，改变公开课热热闹闹，常规课冷冷清清的局面，还学生自由发展的空间。
E、教师除了要钻研教材、研究方法，更要不断的充实自我的学识，学高为师。
2、关于积累
A、引导学生多读读多记记，促进有效积累。教师根据学生具体情况，可以适当加入词汇的练习。
B、激发学生自主参与，引导自主积累。
3、关于练习册的使用
本学期九年级订了多种类型的练习册，教师可以根据班级的具体情况巧妙的应用练习册。针对不同阶段的学生布置不同层次的练习内容，让学得好的学生不能空等候，满足他们旺盛的求知欲和表现欲;让学得慢的学生不感觉吃力，循序渐进的掌握知识。阶梯性的布置作业，让学生乐于学英语，勤于做练习。让学生把学英语作为一种兴趣，一种爱好，才能更有效地提高学习成绩。
初中英语重难点教学反思
篇4：初中英语重难点教学反思
一.课前准备很关键
在教学过程中，老师的引导非常重要，老师必须要有效的指导，制定好教学目标，重难点，花更多时间研究学生，研究教材。充分发挥他们的积极性，而不是仅仅让学生展示导学案的内容。在教学过程中，我发现如果我引导得好，学生学习就很积极，主动，他们不仅训练了某一方面的技能，也学到了重难点。但是如果我没有充分做好备课准备，或者引导不切合学生实际的话，课堂效果就不好，不能调动全班同学参与。
二.课堂提问应具有启发性
教师课堂提问一定要有启发性，能使学生发现问题，总结规律，在内容上要和重难点结合，帮助学生加深印象，解决疑难，提到课堂效率。要在教学生长处设问，以拓展学生的发散思维。在形式上要创设情景，吸引学生的注意力，激发他们的求知欲。
三.训练应少一些常规训练，多一些问题解决
教室选择训练应注意结合学生的实际。应选择，开发，收集和创造实际问题情景来为教学服务，可以通过游戏，对话，编故事等来达到训练重难点的目的，从而进一步激发学生兴趣，达到高效教学的目的。
要提高课堂教学的有效性，对教师自身的要求相当的高。必须提高教师的自身素质，发挥教师的主导作用;必须了解学生，发挥学生的主体作用;必须灵活处理教材，创新教材;必须重视对学生进行思想教育。
1、提高教师的自身素质，发挥教师的主导作用
首先，教师要有激情。充满激情、富有诗意，用全部心血和智慧去教书育人，应该成为我们每一个英语教师的座右铭。
其次，教师要有幽默感。适当地运用幽默，能够缩小师生之间的距离，从而激发学生的学习兴趣，促进学生参与、体验知识，提高课堂教学效率。这样，教师的教学就有了个性魅力和智慧的光芒，就能把一些抽象的、复杂的教学内容以一种生动的形式表现出来，达到良好的教学效果。而且用幽默作为批评教育的手段，也能够消除学生的逆反心理，使之在笑声中认识、成熟，改正错误。
第三，教师要会倾听。倾听同行的声音;倾听孩子们的声音;倾听自己的声音。
第四，教师要有智慧。语言简练、明确、有弹性。把握好学生学习兴趣和英语知识学习的切入点，创设适合知识学习的情景，使英语课堂教学永远保持一种清新的感觉，让学生丝毫觉察不到教师人为的痕迹。
第五，教师要会表扬。适时捕捉学生身上的闪光点，并运用恰当的语言表扬他们，使他们产生积极而愉悦的心理。
2、了解学生，要发挥学生的主体作用
要了解学生思想动态、英语基础、学习动力、兴趣爱好及教学期望等。针对不同的内容和学生来选择教法。
在讲授新课时要保持学生的学习兴趣。本课在课堂教学中发挥学生的主体作用，做到以学生的实践活动为主线，以小组活动为学生主要活动方式，面向全体学生。教师成为了学生学习活动的组织者、引导者和合作者，学生是学习的真正主人，活动主要是以学生自主、合作学习为主，在活动前老师应明确这次活动的任务，这些任务体现出学习的实效，要求所有的学生通过活动来完成所给的任务。活动中人人认真准备，出谋划策，互帮互学，共同提高。组织比赛，增强责任感、荣誉感和竞争意识。组内交流，锻炼能力。沟通交流，培养开放型、交际型人才。轮流当组长，提高组织能力。活动结束后，学生应进行具体的成果展示(组内和全班汇报所给的任务)。新课标要求注重语言的输入更注重语言的输出，语言就应该是在“用中学，学中用”反复实践，“习得”与“学得”结合，采取多种方法，使学生处于积极思维的状态之中，保持学生的学习兴趣，唤起学生的情感，使其在学习中，更加集中精力，更好的感知、记忆、思考。
3、要灵活处理教材，创新教材
开展以学生为中心的活动。本课创设真实的语言环境，通过用图片制作课件、学生表演、使用多媒体来组织课堂活动，创造性地使用教材，适当地增补、调整教学内容，使其符合现实、有趣和富有挑战性。使英语课堂教学充满真实性、趣味性、直观性、形象性、有效性，使分散的知识系统化，书本知识交际化，课堂活动生活化。大力培养学生的主动性，使其创新能力和探究能力得到大幅度的提高。
篇5：中考英语重难点语法详解介词和连词与否定方式
中考英语重难点语法详解介词和连词
1.介词的功能
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)
Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
2.常用介词的用法辨析
(1)表时间的介词
1)at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
2)since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3)in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
(2)表示地点的介词
1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2)over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3)across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
3.介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…， 等。
(2)介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
4.连词的功能
用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
5.并列连词
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：
(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。
(3)表转折关系的but, while等。
(4)表因果关系的for, so等。
6.从属连词
从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
7.常用连词的用法辨析
(1)while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
1)当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2)当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4)当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6)当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
(2)as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
---Why aren’t you going?
---Because I don’t want to.
2)如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
3)for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.www.zhongkao5.com//
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1)引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2)引导表语从句时。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3)在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
(4)so…that, such…that
1)so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such…that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
(5)either…or…， neither…nor, not only…but also…
这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，
谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：
Either you or he is wrong.
Neither he nor his children like fish.
Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.
(6)although, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is
over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
(7)because, so
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.
初中英语的八种否定形式
· 01 ·
完全否定英语中的完全否定可以用：
not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither...nor, nowhere等表示。
如：
1.Nothing is difficult for him. 没什么难得到他。
2.Mary never has beef. 玛丽从来不吃牛肉。
3.Neither answer is correct. 两种答案都不对。
· 02 ·
部分否定英语中表示“全体”意义的代词, 形容词或副词。
如：all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等
与not搭配时，通常表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是”“不完全是”“不是每个都是”等。
如：
1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fool's jokes.
并不是每个人都觉得这些玩笑有趣。
2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. 对食物的好恶似乎并不总与营养有关。
比较：
Nothing makes him happy.
(全部否定)没有哪一件事情让他开心。
Not everything makes him happy.
(部分否定)并不是每一件事都让他开心。
None of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(完全否定)上周没有一个学生去参观科技博物馆。
Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(部分否定)上周并不是所有的学生都去参观了科技博物馆。
· 03·
几乎否定一些半否定词表否定之意。他们不可再与否定词连用，他们与谓语肯定式连用，构成几乎否定句。
如：hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等词。
如：
1.I could hardly hear what he said.
我几乎没听见他说了什么。
2.There is little water in the bottle, isn't there?
瓶子里几乎没有水，不是吗?
· 04 ·
双重否定双重否定句由【not + 具有否定意义的词】构成，形成“否定+否定=肯定”的语言效果。
双重否定可以表示强调，也可以表示委婉的含义。
如：
1.Her name can't escape me forever.
我永远忘不了她的名字。
2.The songs never fail to make the children smile.
这些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。
· 05 ·
转移否定转移否定，即句中的否定虽然出现在谓语部分，否定范围却不在主句谓语动词本身，而转移到了句子中的宾语、状语或其他成分上。这种形式在初中比较常见的有以下两种情况：
1.转移否定多用于表思维活动
如：believe(相信), expect(期望), hope(希望), imagine(想象), think(认为)等。
例如：
I don't think he will pass the exam.
我认为他考试会不及格的。
2.主句的谓语动词是表感觉的系动词，通常也用于转移否定句
这类动词有：seem(好像), feel(感觉), appear(出现), look like(看起来像)等。
如：
It doesn't look like it's going to rain.=It looks like it isn't going to rain. 好象不会下雨。
No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的学习，他似乎永远也考不及格。
· 06 ·
运用某些结构表达否定意义1.too...to 太……而不能
He is too tired to walk. 他太累了，走不动了。
2.more A than B(与其B不如A)或more than +含有can的从句
The young man is more brave than wise.
这年轻人有勇无谋。
The gratitude for your help is more than I can express.
对于你给我的感激之情我无法言表。
3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿(喜欢)……而不愿……，如：
He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them.
他喜欢自己写信而不愿口授自己的信。
· 07 ·
运用含否定意义的词或词组表否定意义1.动词短语表否定意义
如：
differ from 与……不同
prefer...to... 喜欢……而不喜欢……
keep/prevent/stop/protect ... from 阻止，使……不
keep off 不接近， 不让……接近
lose sight of 看不见
例如：
The Great Green Wall stops the sand from moving to the rich land in the south.
绿色长城阻止了风沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。
He lost sight of his wife and went away alone.
他没看见他的妻子，独自走了。
Sally prefers singing to dancing.
莎丽喜欢唱歌而不喜欢跳舞。
2.动词表否定意义
如，absent(缺席), fail(不及格), refuse(拒绝), miss(未赶上，错过), escape(被……忘掉)等。
例如：
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?
昨天你为什么不来上学?
He missed the 9:30 train and therefore missed the accident.
他没赶上9:30的那班火车,也因此而逃过那次车祸.
3.介词表否定意义
without(无，没有), against(反对), beyond(超出，无法), except/but(除……外), past(超过), off(离开), above(超出……之外)等。
例如：
I can't finish the work without your help.
没有你的帮助,我完不成这工作。
His conduct has always been above suspicion.
他的行为一直无可置疑。
His stupidity is past all belief.
他的愚蠢简直不可思义。
· 08 ·
运用连词before unless等
引导的状语表否定意义如：
WangWei went to bed before he finished his homework.
王伟没完成作业就睡觉了。
Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold.
如果你不穿大衣,你就会感冒。
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