以下是小编收集整理的托福阅读词汇题如何做的又快又对,本文共7篇,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读。本文原稿由网友“如也”提供。
篇1:托福阅读词汇题如何做的又快又对
托福阅读词汇题解题技巧 词汇题如何做的又快又对?
一.托福阅读词汇题答题技巧
1.在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。
2.仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。
3.在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。
4.选择答案,并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验,以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。
提醒考生注意,选择答案时,不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。
二.遇到迷惑性选项怎么办
在托福考试中,无法通过上下文和词缀词根来猜词的题目不在少数。
不妨跟随天津环球教育张珊珊老师通过一个例子来看一下:A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. (A) drop?(B) extend (C) melt (D) drift。
首先在我们不认识“plunge”这个词的前提下,我们会尝试着看plunge所在的句子,通过句子不难发现,句子告诉我们“随着海平面的上升,更多的冰将要plunge到海里”,此时,有一个极具迷惑性的选项C:melt。
因为通过上下文,melt(融化)是最搭配ice的,符合语境的。并且,plunge这个词并不含有显而易见的“词缀”和“词根”,所以,通过词根词缀猜词的想法也无法实现了。正确答案却是A:drop,因为plunge是“投入;突然下降”的意思,和drop是同义替换关系,因此选A。
三.多刷题
接下来需要研究的就是要如何有针对性的提高单词量来提高词汇题正确率。最先需要做的一件事情是将目前的真题里面所有的词汇题做一遍,总结错题和生僻词汇。当你在大量做题时,就会发现一个现象:词汇题有很多重复的词汇在反复地被考查着。
例如:
1.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth.
A.occasionally
B.plentifully
C.usefully
D.fortunately
2.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade.
A.economical
B.familiar
C.plentiful
D.useful
不难发现,两个题目中考查的单词分别是“abundantly”和“abundant”,我们可以认为这样的词汇就算做是重复考查的对象了,所选择的选项也是“plentfifully”和“plentiful”。
托福阅读真题原题+题目
The Harlem Renaissance, a movement of the 1920's, marked the twentieth century's first period of intense activity by African Americans in the field of literature, art, and music in the United States. The philosophy of the movement combined realism, ethnic consciousness, and Americanism. Encouraged by the example of certain Americans of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who had included persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sentimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set about creating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States. As they began to strive for social and cultural independence. Their attitudes toward themselves changed, and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them. Thus, though the Harlem Renaissance was a short-lived movement, its impact on American art and culture continues to the present.
The district in New York City known as Harlem was the capital of the movement. In 1925 an issue of Survey Graphic magazine devoted exclusively to Harlem and edited by philosopher Alain Locke became the manifesto of the African American artistic movement. Locke strongly suggested that individuals, while accepting their Americanism, take pride in their African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and inspiration. Far from advocating a withdrawal from American culture, as did some of his contemporaries, Locke recommended a cultural pluralism through which artists could enrich the culture of America. African Americans were urged by Locke to be collaborators and participators with other Americans in art, literature, and music; and at the same time to preserve, enhance, and promote their own cultural heritage.
Artists and intellectuals from many parts of the United States and the Caribbean had been attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat of its unique and dynamic culture. From this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and self-determination. African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to increase and promote the visual arts.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) African American paintings in the 1920's
(B) An arts movement of the 1920's
(C) The influence of Alain Locke on African American art
(D) Some ways in which African culture inspired American literature, art and music
2. According to the passage , Tomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks were important because of
(A) the philosophical contributions they made to the Harlem Renaissance
(B) their development of a new style of African American art
(C) they way in which they depicted African Americans in their paintings
(D) their independence from European artistic traditions
3. The word them in line 11 refers to
(A) Americans of European descent
(B) paintings
(C) African American artists
(D) attitudes
4. According to the passage , African American artists of the 1920's differed from earlier African
American artists in terms of their feelings about
(A) themselves
(B) other artists
(C) their impact on American art
(D) stereotypes
5. The word urged in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) prepared
(B) defined
(C) permitted
(D) encouraged
6. Alain Locke believed all of the following to be important to the African American artistic
movement EXCEPT
(A) pride in African art
(B) cultural pluralism
(C) collaboration with other artists
(D) withdrawal from American culture
7. In mentioning the pulse and beat (line 25) of Harlem during the 1920's, the author is
characterizing the district as one that
(A) depended greatly on its interaction with other parts of the city
(B) grew economically in a short period of time
(C) was an exciting place to be
(D) was in danger of losing population
8. The word convergence in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) gathering
(B) promotion
(C) expression
(D) influence
9. According to the passage , all of the following were true of Harlem in the 1920's EXCEPT:
(A) Some Caribbean artists and intellectuals lived there.
(B) It attracted people from various regions of United States.
(C) It was one of the most expensive neighborhoods in New York City.
(D) It was a unique cultural center.
10. The phrase carried on in line 30 is closest in meaning to
(A) continued
(B) praised
(C) transformed
(D) connected
PASSAGE 72 BCCAD DCACA
篇2:托福阅读主旨题怎样做的又快又对
托福阅读解题技巧:主旨题怎样做的又快又对?
第一步.了解文章主旨大意
做所有题目之前快速跳读一遍文章。通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首末句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。
读首末句的原因大家都很理解,为什么要读转折句呢?你看,一般首句说了什么,后面没有明显转折的话,通常就是两种情况:要么解释一下第一句的意思,要么就是顺着第一句往下说,最后再总结一下。这两种情况都是只读首末句就可以概括出段落大意。
可是如果中间出现了转折句,那么转折句后面的部分很可能和第一句说的不是一回事儿了,转折句就把文章一段分成了前后两层,转折句本身呢,通常就是第二层的首句了,也就是第二层意思的概括。
第二步.筛查选项
如何筛查选项呢,主要是要把握下面这几点:
1.表达段意的选项可选
如果某个选项恰好是刚刚笔记上记下的段意,则选项为正确选项。题干要求选出三个能概括文章主要内容的选项,用正常的思维去想一想,我们一般用什么来概括文章的主要内容呢?当然是段意了。
2.表述细节的选项不选
人家要的是文章的主要内容,细节显然是错误答案。关键是怎么判断细节——标准就是细节是不需要被解释的内容。举个例子:我说“你是个好人”这就不是细节,这个需要解释:你为什么是好人。
可是我说“你朋友借了你100块钱不还你也不催债”,这就是个细节。这句话不需要解释,它是用来解释你是个好人这句话的。所以说,看到一个选项,觉得这话没什么要解释的,那这个选项一定错了。
3.意思与原文相反的选项不选
这个理由很明白,不用解释什么,关键是你怎么知道哪个选项是和文意相悖的呢?你不是说只读每段的首末句和转折句吗?很多含有细节的句字都读不到呀。
这个问题的解决办法在于做题中积累信息。开始的快速阅读只是构建文章的框架,做新托福阅读主旨题之前的题目的过程就是积累细节的过程,这个不用刻意为之,因为之前的题目都是句子定位或者段落定位的,做题的过程中自然会读到每段的细节。
4.文中没有提到的不选
有一种情况是比较让人郁闷的,就是看到一个选项,又不是段意,也不能准确判断就是个细节,并且也判断不出这个选项和文中的那个内容有所违背。这时候有些考生就慌了,觉得自己是文章没有读仔细,又返回去读文章,可是慌慌张张读了半天还是找不到和这个选项有关的内容。
其实不必回去读文章了,关键是头脑要冷静。人家要的文章的主要内容,主要内容一定是某一段的段意或者某几段段意的总结,所以这时候要做的惟一事情就是把段意再总结一遍,如果这个选项和某一段或某几段的段意相符,那么正确,否则这就是一个编造选项,当机立断地把它排除掉!
托福阅读生词大消除:两步法详析
一、利用上下文线索猜测词义
1、根据同义、反义关系猜词
Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
traditional与liberal意思相反,故选B。
2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing
together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated
根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为“感到孤立”,故选D。
二、利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)
1、用前、后缀猜测词义
英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到以不变应万变的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有“超过、过于”之意,overwork意思是“工作过多,劳累过度”。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有:
mis-错,误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当
mid-中央:midnight半夜;midway半路
under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估
anti-反对:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂
下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词:
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize, modernize)
2、利用合成词猜测词义。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.
根据短语构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发),set out-outset(名词起始),come in-income(名词收入) 。
以上的几种托福阅读中猜词手法相信对同学们积累词汇、理解文章意思会有所帮助。英语学习应日积月累,希望在这次教大家猜词的过程中,大家更可以学会举一反三,懂得发现规律,寻找技巧,提高英语水平。
托福阅读词汇中的大部分生词都可以用这些方法来猜测词义,如果真的猜不出来,也不用特别紧张,一般联系上下文和作者的意图,我们也将文意可以顺 下来。考生在备考的时候一定要事先了解一下类似的问题,这样能够给大家的备考带来不小的帮助。大家一定要早准备!通过积累,一定会有所收获!
托福阅读背景资料之美国文学史
美国文学(American Literature)
美国文学的历史不长,它几乎是和美国自由资本主义同时出现,较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。美国早期人口稀少,有大片未开发的土地,为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可能性。美国人民富于民主自由精神,个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈,这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的国家,移民不断涌入,各自带来了本民族的文化,这决定了美国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性。美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美国作家来自社会下层,这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都比较浓厚,总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美国文学的另一特点。个性自由与自我克制、清教主义与实用主义、激进与反动、反叛和顺从、高雅与庸俗、高级趣味与低级趣味、深刻与肤浅、积极进取与玩世不恭、明快与晦涩、犀利的讽刺与阴郁的幽默、精心雕琢与粗制滥造、对人类命运的思考和探索的病态追求等倾向,不仅可以同时并存,而且形成强烈的对照。从来没有一种潮流或倾向能够在一个时期内一统美国文学的天下。美国作家敏感、好奇,往往是一个浪潮未落,另一浪潮又起。作家们永远处在探索和试验的过程之中。20世纪以来,许多文**流起源于美国,给世界文学同时带来积极的与消极的影响。
殖民地时期
印第安人的文化欧洲人发现新大陆的时候,北美洲的土著居民印第安人处于原始公社制度各种不同的阶段。印第安人在向大自然的斗争中创造了自己的文化,主要是民间口头创作,包括神话传说和英雄传说。由于他们没有文字,这些传说后来才得以整理问世,启发了后世美国作家的灵感。早期移民的文化移民刚到新大陆时忙于生存斗争,所以开始时文学发展比较缓慢。最早发表的关于北美的作品是游记、日记之类的文字。作者都是英国人。英国殖民地建立之后,统治者利用宗教,主要是清教主义作为控制殖民地思想意识的主要手段,因此许多出版物是关于神学的研究。著名的作家有科顿·马瑟(1663-1728)和乔纳森。爱德华兹(1703-1758)等。随着工业、贸易和民族意识的增涨,宗教自由的呼声提高,请教主义的神权统治走向衰亡,为人本主义与自由民主等民族独立的意识所代替。诊歌创作北美出版的第一部诗集《海湾圣诗》是以民歌形式写成的圣诗。迈克尔·威格尔斯沃思的诗全是解释加尔文教的教义,成了宗教性的普及读物。女诗人安妮·布拉兹特里特写的也是宗教生活,不过多少以世俗的笔调抒写妇女的心情。生前只发表过挽诗的牧师爱德华·泰勒反映了严格的清教主义的衰落。在这些诗人身上,英国的影响也是明显的,布拉兹特里特得益于斯宾塞,泰勒的诗里看得出约翰·多思和乔治·赫伯特的影响。
独立革命至南北战争时期
美国民族文学形成于独立革命时期。这场斗争产生大量的革命诗歌,并且造就了美国头一批重要的散文家和诗人。政治上的独立促进文化上的独立。战争结束之后,美国作家的作品陆续增多,逐渐摆脱英国文学的垄断局面。年轻的民主共和国使人们满怀信心,并吸引着旧世界更多的人们奔向新的大陆。这样的社会条件促使19世纪上半叶的文学创作具有浪漫主义的色彩。作家们吸取欧洲浪漫派文学的精神,对美国的历史、传说和现实生活进行描绘,美利坚民族内容逐渐丰富和充实起来。从20、30年代到南北战争前夕,是浪漫主义运动的全盛时期,各种不同风格的作家泉涌而出,作品从内容到形式都具有鲜明的民族特色。批评家们称这一时期为美国文学“第一次繁荣”。到了世纪中叶,浪漫主义文学的基调由乐观走向疑虑,迫切的社会矛盾,如蓄奴制,又使某些作家采取现实主义的创作方法。
托福阅读如何理解文章结构
一、句间关系
为了清晰的把握学术性的结构框架,考生首先应该具备分清句子与句子之间关系的能力。
托福阅读文章中句子之间的关系从逻辑和段落结构角度总的来看,重点需要考生把握并列关系,概述与详述(或抽象与具体)关系,转折关系,以及因果关系。其中在把握文章结构与理解文章主要观点当中,以前三者最重要。
可以从句子的两个方面来判断句子之间的关系:1. 主要意思方面;2. 关联词
1. 并列关系
并列关系的两句话主要意思方面不同,并且有时会有表示并列的关联词出现。
2. 概述与详述(抽象与具体)关系
概述与详述(抽象与具体)关系的两句话意思方面相同,但前后两句是概述与详述的关系,或抽象与具体的关系。
一般概述性或抽象内容涵盖内容广,但已引起歧义,可以让人们不禁问出how, what, why等问题。详述性或具体的句子相对于概述性或抽象句子具体且明确。
3. 转折关系
转折关系的两句话总的来说一般用表示转折关系的关联词连接,意思方面来看有两种关系,(1) 意思的方面相同但意思相反; (2) 意思的方面不同。
4. 因果关系
因果关系的典型特征:出现因果关联词或表达因果含义的动词
二、段落结构
在托福阅读文章的段落内部,句子和句子并非出于同一个层次,因此需要运用以上讲解的句间关系,辨析段落中句子的地位。
对于单独的一个段落,不考察在文章中的地位(或与其他段落的段落关系)时,段落内部主要有Main Idea及Detail。
1. 显性Main Idea及Topic Sentence的位置
1. Main Idea: 主要思想,分为段落层面Main Idea和篇章层面Main Idea。
Main Idea分为显性和隐性。
显性的Main Idea: 作者在文章中明确给出表达主要思想的概括性句子。
隐性的Main Idea: 作者在文章中未给出表达主要思想的概括性句子,需要考生根据文中信息总结得出。
2. Thesis Statement: 涵盖Topic的篇章主题句,显性篇章层面Main Idea。
3. Topic Sentence: 涵盖某一Aspect的一段或某几段论述部分的主题句,显性段落层面Main Idea。
TS可以在论述某一部分的开始,中间或末尾。具体位置的判定,需要运用句间关系,找到论述部分最高概括性句子。
三、段间关系
在比对段落关系时,和比较句子关系类似,要从段落最主要的意思方面来判断。
为了通俗易懂,段间关系可分为总分关系(句子之间称为概述与详述或抽象与具体关系),并列关系。值得注意的是,并非在前的一定是总,在后的是分,也可颠倒。
四、篇章结构
开始托福阅读文章之前,应先仔细阅读文章标题Topic。
此外,《新托福考试官方指南》中的所有文章的最后一道题主要有两种类型:1. 总结题;2. 填表题。在实际考试中,还出现过既没有总结题,也没有填表题的情况。因此,我们按照有无总结题来分类,分为有总结题的文章,和无总结题的托福阅读文章。更多托福资讯尽在新东方网托福频道。最后,新东方网托福频道预祝大家在托福考试中取得好成绩!
托福阅读解题技巧:主旨题怎样做的又快又对
篇3:托福阅读主旨题怎样做的又快又对呢
托福阅读解题技巧:主旨题怎样做的又快又对?
第一步.了解文章主旨大意
做所有题目之前快速跳读一遍文章。通读文章的时候只需要读每段的首句、末句和转折句。一般抓住了首末句和转折句就抓住了一段的主旨。
读首末句的原因大家都很理解,为什么要读转折句呢?你看,一般首句说了什么,后面没有明显转折的话,通常就是两种情况:要么解释一下第一句的意思,要么就是顺着第一句往下说,最后再总结一下。这两种情况都是只读首末句就可以概括出段落大意。
可是如果中间出现了转折句,那么转折句后面的部分很可能和第一句说的不是一回事儿了,转折句就把文章一段分成了前后两层,转折句本身呢,通常就是第二层的首句了,也就是第二层意思的概括。
第二步.筛查选项
如何筛查选项呢,主要是要把握下面这几点:
1.表达段意的选项可选
如果某个选项恰好是刚刚笔记上记下的段意,则选项为正确选项。题干要求选出三个能概括文章主要内容的选项,用正常的思维去想一想,我们一般用什么来概括文章的主要内容呢?当然是段意了。
2.表述细节的选项不选
人家要的是文章的主要内容,细节显然是错误答案。关键是怎么判断细节——标准就是细节是不需要被解释的内容。举个例子:我说“你是个好人”这就不是细节,这个需要解释:你为什么是好人。
可是我说“你朋友借了你100块钱不还你也不催债”,这就是个细节。这句话不需要解释,它是用来解释你是个好人这句话的。所以说,看到一个选项,觉得这话没什么要解释的,那这个选项一定错了。
3.意思与原文相反的选项不选
这个理由很明白,不用解释什么,关键是你怎么知道哪个选项是和文意相悖的呢?你不是说只读每段的首末句和转折句吗?很多含有细节的句字都读不到呀。
这个问题的解决办法在于做题中积累信息。开始的快速阅读只是构建文章的框架,做新托福阅读主旨题之前的题目的过程就是积累细节的过程,这个不用刻意为之,因为之前的题目都是句子定位或者段落定位的,做题的过程中自然会读到每段的细节。
4.文中没有提到的不选
有一种情况是比较让人郁闷的,就是看到一个选项,又不是段意,也不能准确判断就是个细节,并且也判断不出这个选项和文中的那个内容有所违背。这时候有些考生就慌了,觉得自己是文章没有读仔细,又返回去读文章,可是慌慌张张读了半天还是找不到和这个选项有关的内容。
其实不必回去读文章了,关键是头脑要冷静。人家要的文章的主要内容,主要内容一定是某一段的段意或者某几段段意的总结,所以这时候要做的惟一事情就是把段意再总结一遍,如果这个选项和某一段或某几段的段意相符,那么正确,否则这就是一个编造选项,当机立断地把它排除掉!
托福阅读:怎样探寻托福阅读的规律
如果你在新托福阅读考试之前知道了这个统计结果,即使在考试时你没有完全听懂对话的内容,你也能得出正确的答案。虽然我们不能证明这些“规律”,但是对于历年的考题却从不例外。当然,如果你对自己的听力水平评价很高的话,你可以不冒这个险。
但是,至少它是一个替代的方案。以下是根据历年考题统计得出的结论。当然,如果你自己发现了其它的某些规律,也应该把它总结出来。
(A)当两个人谈到吵或者安静时,后得出的结论总是:宿舍里读书很吵,应该去图书馆。而不会说搬到别的宿舍。
(B)当对话内容涉及演出(音乐会或者电影)或者展览时,后肯定说它非常好。即使他(她)不会欣赏这些展览或者演出,也会虚伪地说“It makes more sense next time”。
(C)当谈到住在校园里还是住在校外时,答案肯定是住在校园。
(D)当谈到某门课老师讲的如何时,回答肯定与“boring”相似;而当谈到课难不难时,肯定说难。
(E)对话谈到作业时,肯定都说作业很多,而且很难。
看到这些可以发现,只要在托福阅读考试中细心,什么困难都不怕。
托福阅读背景素材:恐瘦症
Muscle dysmorphia, also known as “bigorexia”, may now be affecting one in 10 men who visit gyms in the UK, according to the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Foundation.
英国身体畸形恐惧症基金会指出,英国健身房里大约10%的男性会员有肌肉上瘾症或健身过度症,也被称为“恐瘦症”。
It is an anxiety disorder which causes someone to see themselves as small, despite being big and muscular. Workout is their top priority, they would feel depressed if they miss one session of fitness training. It is sometimes described as a kind of “reverse anorexia”.
这其实是一种焦虑症,本来外形高达健硕的人却总觉得自己太瘦小。健身锻炼是他们的首要任务,如果错过了一次训练,他们就会沮丧不已。这种情况有时也被描述为“逆向厌食症”。
The cause of muscle dysmorphia is not clear. The NHS states it may be genetic or caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
这种肌肉上瘾症的诱因尚不清楚。英国国家医疗服务体系认为可能是基因导致的或者由于大脑内部某种化学物质失衡导致的。
托福阅读主旨题怎样做的又快又对
篇4:托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析插入题如何做的又快又对
托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析 插入题如何做的又快又对?
一. 弄懂文章段落
托福阅读插入题通常会给出一句话,让大家选择它在文章中的位置。所以,做好这类题目的前提是要将文章段落弄懂。如果文章理解上仍有困难,建议大家先返回去背单词。托福阅读涉及的生词要比其他三个版块多,所以大家在一开始接触托福阅读时往往会觉得不知所云,读完文章完全不理解文章的意思。这样的状态即便是熟练掌握了做题技巧也没有什么用,因为没有基础的技巧是没有用武之地的。
二. 句子代入文章
大家做托福阅读时,能在有限的时间内将文章理解的很透彻,做句子插入题就非常简单了。建议大家先读完文章段落,然后将给出的句子分别代入文章中四个空出的地方,然后看文章的意思是否连贯,行文结构是否通畅。如果插入句子之后发现将文章原本连贯的意思被拆散,或者显得十分突兀,肯定是不行的。句子插入后,阅读文章应该变的更为完整连贯,前后衔接更为恰当合理。所以,代入法做这类题目是最为基本也是最能确保正确率的方法。
三. 掌握做题技巧
上文中提到做这里题目一般都会使用代入法,但是在使用代入法的时候也有一些解题技巧,这些技巧可以帮助大家更快地找到句子插入的最佳位置。如果插入题有一个空格在段落的结尾,要优先考虑代入,因为在断尾插入一句话对整段文章不会产生很大影响。相反,如果空格出现在段首,这个空格要留到最后代入,因为段首一般是整段的中心,如果缺失一句话,文章本身会显得奇怪,所以这里缺失句子的可能性最低。这两类是大家在做题的时候一定要注意的,其他还有一些稍欠实用的技巧,比如空格后出现代词,不优先考虑,空格后出现转折因果或递进,不优先选择……这类题目的做题技巧有很多,但是这些技巧的实用性仍有待考证。大家在平时做题的时候也可以自己总结规律,根据规律多做尝试,多刷题,以后遇到此类题目就能做的又快又对。
托福阅读文章这类题材怎么应对
在托福阅读学术性文章中,一般需要具备三个组成部分:
(1)Topic 话题:即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象,探讨某个历史事件;
在托福文章中,这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解;
(2)Aspects 方面:即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点,则方面可能分为若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象,则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;若话题为某个历史事件,则方面为几段发展时期;
在这种托福阅读题材中,往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系,将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落,共同组成行文主体;
(3)Attitude态度:即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定,或是消极否定,或是保持中立。
在托福文章中,态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。
Topic话题 + Aspects方面 + Attitude态度,这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“T+A+A 篇章结构”。托福文章大都遵循这种结构,考生通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向,再抓住文章的各个段落主旨,便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。
托福阅读学术性文章的段落结构
托福阅读学术性文章的自然段落,一般需要具备两个组成部分:
(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句:表达段落的主旨,即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么;
(2) Detail 细节:为了详细说明段落中心含义,所罗列的相关支持内容,即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。
Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节,这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的“TS+D段落结构”。托福文章段落大都遵循这种结构,考生通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。
总结:当考生们了解了这种TAA 篇章结构和TS+D段落结构的行文规律后,对文章框架的把握就会做到心里有数,更有利于提高托福阅读速度和定位有效信息的准确度。
托福阅读真题1
Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.
Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.
However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The causes of the extinction of the dinosaur
(B) The variety of species found in tropical rain forests.
(C) The impact of human activities on Earth's ecosystems
(D) The time required for species to adapt to new environments
2. The word critical in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) negative
(B) essential
(C) interesting
(D) complicated
3. The word jolting in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) predicted
(B) shocking
(C) unknown
(D) illuminating
4. The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 12 to suggest that
(A) new habitats can be created for species
(B) humans are often made ill by polluted water
(C) some species have been made extinct by human activity
(D) an understanding of evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing
5. The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans oil the world's
ecosystems EXCEPT
(A) destruction of the tropical rain forests
(B) habitat destruction in wetlands
(C) damage to marine ecosystems
(D) the introduction of new varieties of plant species
6. The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the second paragraph to emphasize
that
(A) the cause of the dinosaurs extinction is unknown
(B) Earth's climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs' extinction,
(C) not all mass extinctions have been caused by human activity
(D) actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species' extinction
7. The word magnitude in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) concern
(B) determination
(C) carelessness
(D) extent
8. According to the passage , natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by
humans in that changes caused by humans
(A) are occurring at a much faster rate
(B) are less devastating to most species
(C) affect fewer ecosystems
(D) are reversible
9. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?
(A) Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.
(B) The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.
(C) Technology will provide solutions to problems caused by the destruction of ecosystems.
(D) Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems
PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD
托福阅读真题2
Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North American behavior. In a quarter of a century, claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in 1883, they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections.
The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households; it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths, French chateaus and Italian bell towers — edifices that people used as stages for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning new starts or coming home.
Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life were the slow freight trans chugging through industrial zones, the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called the metropolitan corridor of the American landscape.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ancient architecture on the design of railroad terminals
(B) The importance of natural resources in the development of railroads
(C) The railroad's impact on daily life in the United States in the nineteenth century
(D) Technological improvements in the area of communication in the nineteenth century
2. It can be inferred from the quote from the Omaha Daily Republican (line 2-4) that railroads
(A) made all sections of the nation much wealthier
(B) brought more unity to what had been a fragmented nation
(C) reduced dependence on natural resources
(D) had no effect on the environment of the United States
3. The word it in line 7 refers to
(A) transport
(B) scale
(C) production
(D) railroad
4. The word drew in line 8 is closest
(A) obliged
(B) designed
(C) helped
(D) attracted
5. The word annihilate in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) conquer
(B) utilize
(C) separate
(D) mechanize
6. The word Moreover in line 20 is closest in meaning to
(A) consequently
(B) furthermore
(C) although
(D) because
7. All of the following were true of impressive passenger terminals EXCEPT:
(A) Their architecture was influenced by the architecture of Europe.
(B) Luxury express trains traveled between them.
(C) They were usually located in small towns.
(D) They were important to many commuters.
8. According to the passage , which type of development lined the area along the metropolitan
corridor?
(A) Stores and shopping areas
(B) Recreational areas
(C) Industrial
(D) Agricultural
9. The word aptly in line 24 is closest in meaning to
(A) appropriately
(B) virtually
(C) consistently
(D) incessantly
10. The author mentions the Twentieth-Century Limited as an example of
(A) a freight train
(B) a commuter train
(C) a luxury train
(D) an underground train
11. The author gives a synonym for which of the following words?
(A) homogeneous (line 3)
(B) standardized (line 9)
(C) temples (line 11)
(D) classification(line 20)
PASSAGE 42 CBDDA BCCAC D
托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析 插入题如何做的又快又对
篇5:托福阅读词汇题雷区
托福阅读词汇题雷区
首先,托福阅读确实是需要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数。为什么?
第一是因为托福阅读中有一种题目叫做词汇题,词汇题是这样的一种题:你认识这个单词就肯定能做对,而且能很快地做对。你不认识这个单词就是经过层层推断,耗费了很多时间还很容易得到错误的结果,所以说解决词汇题的王道就是认识这个单词。那么词汇题在托福阅读中究竟有多重要呢?是占了25%以上的比例的。OG上说,每篇阅读题有3-6个单词题(每篇托福阅读总共只有13个题呀),可见词汇题的重要性--只要把词汇题解决了,就能轻松拿下托福阅读中的一大块分数,还为做其它题节省了宝贵的时间。托福阅读的词汇题中考到的词汇是什么难度呢?大概是6级的词汇,也有稍难一些的。所以为了保险起见,单词的水平要达到6级以上,这样就可以把阅读中单词题的分数拿满。第二是阅读速度的问题。对于中国考生,托福阅读的一大障碍在于时间不够用,读文章的速度太慢了。不是说认识单词就能快速读懂文章,而是说单词量太小阅读速度必然大打折扣!
第二,托福阅读需要知道一点专业词汇这不假,但绝非很难很专的词汇。第一是托福阅读考察的词汇是偏于专业性质的,原因是这样:托福考试是为了看考生的英语水平能否保证其在大学中顺利学习专业知识,因此考察的内容是偏重学术的方面的,而阅读文章也多从大学课本的简易内容中选取。所以在背单词的时候对于学术词汇给予一定程度的重视是合理的。第二是托福阅读考察的专业词汇难度有限。这点也是很自然的,因为托福毕竟是一门英语水平考试,又不是专业考试。难度较大的专业词汇在阅读中确实会出现,但根本不是考察的内容,而且其意思可以很容易地猜出来。举个例子:It should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals,这是OG阅读题中的一个原句。这句话中的cetacean就是一个过分专业而无需背的单词,你只要认识了whales,dolphins,mammals就知道了cetacean是生活在水里(海里的)动物,而且是哺乳动物,这就相当于知道了cetacean的意思了。需要记忆的是mammal,whale,dolphin这种比较常用的专业词汇,而不是cetacean这种生僻的类型,把精力放在背这种艰涩的单词上是很不值得的。
以上就是小编为同学们整理的托福阅读词汇题雷区的内容,总结一下,托福阅读确实需要6级以上的词汇量,并且需要记忆相对常用的专业词汇,但绝对不要把精力放在死抠生僻的专业词汇上,因为那并不是托福阅读考察的内容。希望同学们能够考出理想的托福成绩。
托福阅读:文章类型
所谓开门见山型,即指文章直接推出论点,表达文章的中心思想或主题走向。开门见山型的特征往往为定义型句子。一般都较为简短有力,富有哲理性,不超过两行。文章如属于开门见山型,则主题的确立自不待言。
所谓标靶型,即作者在起笔处先推出某个错误的论点或看法,然后加以批驳,给出作者所持的相反或相对立的观点。标靶型语句的特征往往为:“人们常常以为……”、“一般说来……”、“据称……”。遇到标靶型语句时,只要第一句作相反理解,即可确知文章的主旨。
所谓导入型,即作者先隐下主题思想不说,从别的细碎的地方谈起,渐渐接入正题。导入型的语句一般较为琐碎具体,甚至具体到某年某月。有时也纯为挑起读者的好奇心而设。如″American firms have a prob?″什么问题呢?作者只字不提。导入型语句尽管隐藏了主题思想,但文章的脉络、所涉及的范围依然清晰可见。如上句的举例,讨论的关键肯定在problem,范围局限在美国公司。
当然,托福阅读的分类并不是绝对的,有时我们也可看到几种类型缠绕在一起的句子。关键在于:读完第一句后,应能确定文章的中心思想,即或不能,也应尽可能地把握文章的讨论走向。完成了这一点,也就完成了初步阅读。剩下的就是在中心思想或文章的主题走向的指导下去做选择项了
托福阅读之常见的短语
一、带-ing词尾的介词
barring:except,not including除....外
concerning:about,regarding论及,关于
excepting=except
failing:in default of因缺少...;在缺少。..时
following:after in time;as a sequel to在....以后
including:if we include如果包括我;......包括在内
pending:during/until在.....期间/直到.....为止
regarding:about,concerning,in respect of
二、成语介词
according tas stated by/ in proportion根据...../依照.....
ahead of:further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
along with:in addition to;together with另外,加之,还有
apart from:exceping,not considering; in addition to除.....外/且莫说;除....之外尚有
as for:with regard to至于
as from:on and after(a specified time)从一特定时 间开始
as of=as from
as regards:about,concerning至于,就。..而论
as twith regard to关于,至于
because of:on account of,by reason
but for:without the help or hindrane etc.of假如没有....(帮助或障碍等);要不是
by means of凭借......的方法
due to,because of由于
except for:not including,other than除了
托福阅读
篇6:托福阅读词汇题解题技巧
托福阅读词汇题解题技巧 词汇题如何做的又快又对?
一.托福阅读词汇题答题技巧
1.在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。
2.仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。
3.在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。
4.选择答案,并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验,以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。
提醒考生注意,选择答案时,不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。
二.遇到迷惑性选项怎么办
在托福考试中,无法通过上下文和词缀词根来猜词的题目不在少数。
不妨跟随天津环球教育张珊珊老师通过一个例子来看一下:A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle. (A) drop?(B) extend (C) melt (D) drift。
首先在我们不认识“plunge”这个词的前提下,我们会尝试着看plunge所在的句子,通过句子不难发现,句子告诉我们“随着海平面的上升,更多的冰将要plunge到海里”,此时,有一个极具迷惑性的选项C:melt。
因为通过上下文,melt(融化)是最搭配ice的,符合语境的。并且,plunge这个词并不含有显而易见的“词缀”和“词根”,所以,通过词根词缀猜词的想法也无法实现了。正确答案却是A:drop,因为plunge是“投入;突然下降”的意思,和drop是同义替换关系,因此选A。
三.多刷题
接下来需要研究的就是要如何有针对性的提高单词量来提高词汇题正确率。最先需要做的一件事情是将目前的真题里面所有的词汇题做一遍,总结错题和生僻词汇。当你在大量做题时,就会发现一个现象:词汇题有很多重复的词汇在反复地被考查着。
例如:
1.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth.
A.occasionally
B.plentifully
C.usefully
D.fortunately
2.By far the most abundant form of geothermal energy occurs at the relatively low temperatures of 80°to 180°centigrade.
A.economical
B.familiar
C.plentiful
D.useful
不难发现,两个题目中考查的单词分别是“abundantly”和“abundant”,我们可以认为这样的词汇就算做是重复考查的对象了,所选择的选项也是“plentfifully”和“plentiful”。
托福阅读的猜词技巧
托福阅读的词汇备考是个受争议的话题。有些考生认为托福阅读词汇备考不重要,而有些考生则认为得词汇者得天下。在托福阅读中遇到生词,如果过多依赖词典会打断托福阅读思路,影响速度及理解,这就需要学生学会猜词。
可这不是说平时阅读一涉及到生词便去猜测,如有条件使用词典,同学们还是应该将不会的生词一一查明,并加以记忆。只有这样才能扩充我们的词汇量,提高阅读理解能力。猜词可有多种方法,下面介绍几种常用且准确性高的方法,同样也适合在托福阅读考试中。
一、利用上下文线索猜测词义
1、根据同义、反义关系猜词
Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______grandparents. A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
traditional与liberal意思相反,故选B.
2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing together with them or laughed at them. A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated根据下文的disliked playing together with them判断此处应为“感到孤立”,故选D.
二、利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)
1、用前、后缀猜测词义英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到以不变应万变的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last. overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有“超过、过于”之意,overwork意思是“工作过多,劳累过度”。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有:
mis-错,误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当 mid-中央:midnight半夜;midway半路under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估anti-反对:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂
下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词:
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize,modernize)
2、利用合成词猜测词义。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyonepartakes in for fun.根据短语构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in.再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发),set out-outset(名词起始),come in-income(名词收入)
托福阅读“扫描”法速读解析
Skimming是只看主要大意的速读。一篇文章的大意是有重点的。比如,当出现first second的这种归类总结的地方,或because,as a result这样的因果关系,或是but,however的语意转折处,都需要格外留心。
托福阅读文章讲述主要观点之后通常会有for example来佐证,如果看懂了主要观点,那么对示例所用的时间和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍阅读文章意图抓住文章大意时是非常重要的。
Scanning是“扫描”,但具体到阅读中,大家最熟悉的莫过于查词典时。在有意识地去查某个生词的时候,我们不会去把它所在的页上每一个字都看一遍才找到想要的。
几乎眼睛对词典中的一页扫一下,脑中只有要找的字,看到它,其他的地方都像没有看到一样。在托福的阅读中,scanning的技巧在回答问题时,根据题干中问到的内容,在文章中scan,可以帮助考生准确地定位,找到答案。
以上两种是在托福阅读中最常用也是最有效的技巧。
托福阅读文章长度大多在300-400字之间。以平均每篇读10分钟计算,按照每分钟阅读150字的速度,一篇文章从头到尾通读,至少需2-3分钟。这可了解文章的大意,但不一定保证读得透彻。在第一遍通读的过程中,考生不要期望每个字都一定要理解,遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思,这样会浪费时间的。
只需一直往下看,用前面介绍到的skimming原则,掌握文章的主旨即可。这个过程中,托福阅读文章的第一段,尤其是每段的第一句话往往起着提纲挈领或起承转合的作用,是阅读时要多留心的地方。
托福阅读:概览首段前四行可了解主题
很多托福考生都说,也许在托福阅读中,最影响人的实力发挥的恐怕就是要求55分钟内做完50道阅读题。托福阅读不同于CET4,CET6,与高考也是有区别的,因为这些都是大约4-5篇阅读,20题,而且这些考试都没有要求做完每门考试所用的时间。因此很多同学在一开始做托福阅读的时候,十分不适应托福阅读的时间限制,有的人甚至在考前都没有克服这个问题。
方法1 即先阅读文章的首段前4行,注意这里不是前2行,因为现在很多文章首句通常是由专业名词组成或者是一些习语组成,大多数中国学生只知道看完首句,然后他们就崩溃了,因为专业词汇和习惯用语一次性将他们打懵。因此这里建议在托福阅读时间分配上,可以首先读完前4行来了解文章主题方向。
方法2 直接做题,然后在题中找关键词回到原文进行点查。不过这里点查也是有技巧的。第一题通常是文章的主题题,跳过不做,放到最后来做,其他的很多试题都是标记了行号或者可以通过特殊字符来辨认,比如数字,大写字母,拼写十分怪异的单词等等,当一道题没有这些标示的时候要通过邻近的其他试题来定位本题在原文中的位置。
篇7:抓住托福阅读词汇题技巧
抓住阅读词汇题技巧 稳稳拿高分
词汇题常见题目形式
The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…
The word/phrase…in the passage means…
The word/phrase… in paragraph…
Refers to… what is…?
托福阅读中涉及到的词汇题还是有一定的解题规律的,以下将分两种类型进行讲解。
一、熟悉的词汇
当所考词汇是你认识的词时,分两步:
1.直接在所给的四个选项中找出近义词;
2.将选定的选项代入考察词汇所在的原文语境中,验证是否符合句意,以防止一词多义的情况。
例:官方真题Official-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二题:
The word “exhibit” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. fight off
B. show
C. cause
D. spread
解题过程:这是一道词汇题。所考词汇exhibit是高频词汇,它的基本意思是“展示、显示”。因此,选项B
二、不认识的词汇
遇到不认识的词汇,千万不要归因于自己词汇量不足,无计可施进而放弃。托福阅读中的词汇题存在一定的推理规律,这时候要采取以下措施:
找到考察词汇所在的句子,寻找推理线索(95%的词汇题都暗含线索),由线索得出的关联信息,分析句意或主干进行推理判断及排除。
例:官方真题Official-3中第三篇文章 The Long-term Stability of Ecosystems中第十题:
The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. increases proportionally
B. differs
C. loses significance
D. is common
解题过程:这道词汇题回到原句中,查找线索。
原句:“The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.” 存在两处线索:
1.For example表明此句是具体的实例,它的作用通常是用来进一步解释证明作者的观点;
2. 由in comparison to可知:此句存在对比关系,即自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏进行比较。
作者的观点句:即前一句为“Ecologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities.”
由because后半句可知:人类活动造成的破坏极其严重。
所以,考察句所举的实例中,自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏相比较,应该是“不如、逊色”这样的负向信息。选项C中lose同样显示出了减弱、不如的负向信息,因此选项C正确。
托福阅读中的六个高难度句子
托福阅读中也会出现一些考研大家的托福阅读难句,遇到这些句子的时候,要在平时新托福阅读中注意积累,觉得用得到的要记下来,以下总结的托福阅读中的6个高难度句,希望对大家的托福阅读考试有帮助。
1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
戴着面具身着盛装的人们,经常扮演各种其他人物、动物或超自然生灵,并且作为一个扮演者所能做的,就是期盼一个在狩猎或战役中获胜、降雨的来临,阳光的重现的结果。
2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
但是这些事实不能解释这个令人感兴趣的问题,就是为什么在一个特殊的靠近他们出生的地方如此的集中了这么多怀孕的鱼龙。
3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.
十九世纪一系列持续的机械进步,包括踏板的传入、金属结构的完善和钢丝最完美的质量,最后产生了一种能容纳无数音调-从最精致的和弦到一个成熟管弦的声音或从一个清澈的歌声到辉煌的敲击乐的效果-的乐器。
4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.
虽然我们习惯于谈到1972年以前的电影是无声的,但用一句完全感性的话来说电影从来就不是没有声音的。
5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.
多年以来电影音乐的选择程序完全掌握在导演和音乐督导手中,通常拥有这些权力的主要资格并非是自身的技艺和品味而更多的是因为拥有大量的个人音乐素材库。
6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.
更进一步,他们是由一个顶层是毛纺或光滑的精纺羊毛织物制作,包含光滑,紧凑的纱线来自长羊毛的纤维染成兰黑色、绿色、或褐色底层含有粗糙天然的和暗黄色的毛纺材料。
托福阅读素材:诺基亚计划2016重返手机市场
Four years ago, Stephen Elop, Nokia’s then-CEO, described the company as a man at the edge of a burning platform. While its rivals had set the phone market on fire, Nokia hadpoured gasoline on its own platform by failing to acknowledge that newcomers Apple and Google had changed the game.
四年前,诺基亚当时的CEO史蒂芬·埃洛普把公司比喻为一个站在燃烧中的钻井平台边缘的人。当它的竞争对手点燃手机市场时,诺基亚还在自己的平台上开采石油,没有注意到苹果、谷歌等新面孔已经让游戏规则发生了改变。
In hindsight, the “burning platform” memo can be seen as the prelude to the 2013 disposal of its once dominant mobile handset business to Microsoft in what many Finns considered a fire sale. The operation that made the candy-bar phone as ubiquitous as the smooth black slate of the iPhone is today was no more.
现在回头来看,“燃烧的平台”备忘录可以被视为诺基亚在2013年放弃手机业务的前兆。它将这个曾经是业界第一的业务出售给微软,而许多芬兰人认为这简直是一次大甩卖。这也使得曾经诺记亚的直板手机从此不复存在——曾几何时,它们和今天的黑色苹果手机一样无处不在。
So it is surprising that Nokia is quietly plotting a return to the consumer mobile market.
正因如此,诺基亚暗中打算重返消费手机市场才如此令人惊讶。
As early as next year, the company aims to rejoin the phone market, two sources briefed on Nokia’s plans told Re/code. In addition, the company has a number of other ambitious technology projects, including some in the virtual reality arena, these sources said.
Re/code从两处消息来源获得了诺基亚计划的梗概:公司计划明年就重返手机市场;它还有许多雄心勃勃的科技项目,其中一些和虚拟现实竞技场有关。
The move is driven by Nokia Technologies — the smallest of the three businesses that remained after the Microsoft deal, alongside its mapping and network equipment businesses. Nokia Technologies is best known for being the arm that licenses the company’s massive portfolio of more than 10,000 patents.
微软收购后,诺基亚仅剩下地图、网络设备和诺基亚科技三项业务。此次行动正是由其中规模最小的诺基亚科技推动的。诺基亚科技是公司专利授权方面的武器,并因此知名。诺基亚在专利上进行了大量投资,拥有10000多项专利。
Unlike other patent houses that do little more than license intellectual property, Nokia Technologies has designed new products and licensed them to other companies. So far, these ambitions have been small in scale. The division has released just two products: An Android program called Zlauncher and the N1, an Android tablet design licensed to another manufacturer that is selling it under the Nokia name in China. Its return to the market is likely to employ a similar tactic.
和其它专利公司不同,诺基亚科技并不局限于知识产权授权。它还设计新产品并授权给其它公司。目前为止,它的这些报负的规模并不大,只发布了两款产品:一款名为Zlauncher的安卓应用和N1安卓平板。N1的设计被授权给另一家制造商,并由它在中国以诺基亚的名义出售。诺基亚重返手机市场可能会采取和N1相同的策略。
托福阅读素材:天琴座流星雨降临
Take a peek into the heavens on Wednesday night and you may get a glimpse of the Lyrid meteor shower, which this year coincides with the Earth Day. The stunning celestialdisplay could see as many as 100 meteors pass by every hour.
你若在周三晚上看一眼天空,就可能会看到今年和世界地球日一起到来天琴座流星雨。在这星空美景里,每小时能看到100颗流星。
The meteor shower will light up the night’s sky from April 16 to 25, but the best views will occur on the night of April 22-23.
4月16日至25日,天空将被这场流星雨点亮。而最好的观赏时机是22日和23日的夜里。
Astronomers say that normally between 10 and 20 meteors should be visible every hour, thought this could rise to around 100 meteors in the space of 60 minutes.
天文学家表示,通常每小时能看见10至20颗流星,而这次相同时间内能看到100颗左右。
Leaving urban centers to escape light pollution will give stargazers the best views, but there is no need for any expensive telescopes or binoculars, as the show can be seen with ones own eyes.
远离市中心能避免光污染,这样会为观星者带来最好的观测效果。但昂贵的望远镜(包括双筒望远镜)并不需要,因为这次流星雨用肉眼就可以看到。
The annual April Lyrids are only visible as the Earth passes through the tail of the Thatcher Comet towards the end of the month, with the bright streaks of lights being particles from that comet.
每年四月的天琴座流星雨只有该月末地球穿过撒切尔彗星的尾部时才能看到,来自彗星的碎片会化作道道流光。
It is one of the oldest known astronomical events, which has been visible for more than 2,600 years. In 1982, stargazers counted up to 90 meteors passing every hour.
天琴座流星雨是人类最早发现的天文现象之一,早在2600多年前就被观测到。1982年,观星者们发现每小时最多有90颗流星。
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