1月12日托福综合写作真题与解析

下面是小编精心整理的1月12日托福综合写作真题与解析，本文共6篇，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。本文原稿由网友“小太阳baby”提供。

篇1：1月12日托福综合写作真题与解析

201月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析

话题分类

社会科学。

考题回忆

1-总论点

Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.

2-阅读部分

All these three evidence are not true.

(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.

(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.

(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.

3-听力部分

Refute each point raised in reading part separately.

These evidence are more stronger than we thought.

(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the news press adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.

(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.

(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.

解题思路

总写阅读材料和听力材料的主题与关系。

用听力材料中的内容一一反驳阅读材料中的观点。

如何提高托福写作 这些最常见的语法错误不能有

自从托福机考开始在全世界普及之后，托福写作部分也随之引入了电子考官(e-rater)进行写作评分。电子考官相较于普通考官，在托福写作的语法评分上表现得尤为苛刻。也正因如此，同学们在准备托福独立写作的时候，语法部分千万不能掉以轻心。

虽然很多同学的语法知识还算扎实，但在长期的教学和作文批改中，我发现同学们在应用过程中，常犯的语法错误还是挺多。其中最为普遍的就是以下句子里出现的错误。讲解之前，希望大家可以拿出纸笔，先自己试着改改。

1.A movie that inspires deep emotions.

2.I studied all night for the midterm, I’m sure I got an A.

3.Me and my brother are majoring in sports management.

4.Collecting seashells are my hobby.

5.Printed books are limited in space, however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

6.There are many people prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

7.A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher.

8.Education for kid can be very costly.

找到它们的错误了吗?改好后，我们来看看答案，看看自己做得怎么样吧!

(注意：以下只给出了一种改正方法，但实际上可以有多种修正方式。理解错误原因是关键。)

1.A movie that inspires deep emotions.

2.I studied all night for the midterm, so I’m sure I got an A.

3.My brother and I are majoring in sports management.

4.Collecting seashellsismy hobby.

5.Printed books are limited in space; however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

6.There are many people who prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

7.A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher’s.

8.Education for kids can be very costly.

对完答案，感觉怎么样?这个小练习我在课堂也经常做，通常来说，全部做对的同学较少，总有几句会有点问题。如果你全找对了，那你的语法功底很不错，恭喜你!如果没有，也不用灰心，这些问题都是可以改正的。只要你在意识到问题后，练习中自己多加注意并总结，就会有进步。

那说到底，这些句子的具体问题到底是什么呢?不用着急，接下来我们逐句分析。

01 Sentence Fragments

Sentence fragments，句子缺成分，就是指一个句子没有完整，通常来说，可能会缺失主语、谓语、宾语，有时也可能缺失从句或主句等等。

错误：A movie that inspires deep emotions.

这个句子本质上是缺失了谓语和宾语，去掉枝叶留主干，我们会发现这个句子只剩下A movie这一个主语，而没有其他构成句子所必需的谓语。补充完整可以是，A movie that inspires deep emotions seems good.

当然，也可以把that去掉，避免从句的结构，这样句子也是完整的，比如A movie inspires deep emotions.

托福写作中，同学们在短句中一般不会出现这样的错误，但是在写较长的句子，比如复合句等，有时因为添加太多修饰成分，会忘记主句并没有写完，导致出错。这点需要引起注意。

02 Run-on Sentences

Run-on Sentences，中文没有特别合适的翻译，指的就是两个或多个独立完整的句子，直接用逗号连接在一起，没有添加连词或者使用合适的标点符号。有时也被叫做comma splice。

这类错误在批改的学生习作中很常出现，也是较为严重的语法错误，希望同学们引起重视。

错误：I studied all night for the midterm, I’m sure I got an A.

这句话就是一个典型的run-on sentence。逗号前后都是完整独立的句子，用我们中文翻译就是“我所有的夜晚都在为期中考试学习，我很确定我得了A。”翻译看起来似乎完全没有问题，这是因为中文的语法没有太多对句间连接的规则，可以用逗号去连接所有的句子，这也是为什么会有“一逗到底”这样的写法出现。但在英文中，标点符号有它们明确的功能性，而句子不能仅用逗号去连接，“一逗到底”这种写法也是万万使不得的。

通常一个run-on的句子，我们有以下五种方法去改正：

a.把逗号换成句号。

I studied all night for the midterm.I’m sure I got an A.

b.用连词(常见连词FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)去连接。

I studied all night for the midterm, soI’m sure I got an A.

c.把逗号换成分号。

I studied all night for the midterm;I’m sure I got an A.

d.逗号换分号之后，再加连接副词(however, therefore, etc.)

I studied all night for the midterm; therefore,I’m sure I got an A.

e.把其中一句变成从句，改成复合句。

BecauseI studied all night for the midterm, I’m sure I got an A.

03 Pronouns

代词因为可以替代前面出现的名词，大大简化句子，避免重复以及增强连贯性，因而很推荐学生们在文中使用。但代词的正确使用，也是同学们在托福中较常出现的问题。

错误：Me and my brother are majoring in sports management.

这句话中，Me作为“我”的代词，使用错误。一个代词的正确使用，首先需要注意它在句子中的作什么成分，主语?宾语?确定之后，再用相应的格式。

在错误句子中，“我”是做主语，所以应该换成I，而我们在讨论有其他人存在时，要先说其他人，所以正确的表达是My brother and I are majoring in sports management.

一句题外话，有同学可能会问，这里为什么是are不是am?很好的问题。这就是主谓一致的问题，可以补充下：当主语是用and连接的两者，那么谓语动词用复数形式。

04 Subject-Verb Agreement

主谓一致性。每句话中都会有主语和谓语动词，和中文不一样的是，在英语表达中，谓语动词是必须随着主语的变化而随之变化的。

一般同学们在这部分问题不大(复数主语的动词不加s，第三人称单数的动词需要加s)，但有些情况同学们容易搞混，比如前面给出的错误句子。

错误：Collecting seashells are my hobby.

这里需要注意的是，动名词(gerunds)即-ing，做主语，谓语动词通常是单数形式。

Colleting seashells is my hobby.

Writing letters is no longer necessary.

主谓一致这个话题其实除了动名词以外，还有很多细节和不同情况可说，但受篇幅所限，这里就不再展开。

05 Transitional Adverb

连接副词，也是在写作中很青睐的逻辑连接词，比如however, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, thus, hence 等等，都是非常好用，也能增加连贯性的词汇。但在使用中，同学们有时会把它们当做连词(conjunction)去直接连接两个句子，实际上，它们都是副词(transitional adverb)，在使用中需要和分号或者句号来使用。

错误：Printed books are limited in space, however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

通过前面的讲解，所以上面这个错误很明显，就是however和逗号连用，本质上成了我们第二点所提到的run-on sentence，那么改法就和第二点里说到的五种方法一样了。最简单的，就是把中间的逗号改成分号，即Printed books are limited in space; however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.

06 There be

There be句式是同学们常用的一个句式，但在使用中需要注意的是，there be这里面已经包含了动词be，所以在后面继续添加动词时，需要使用从句，或者改成非谓语动词。

错误：There are many people prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

比如这句里面，prefer就是这句的第二个动词，应该进行改动。

正确：There are many people whoprefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

正确：There are many people preferringto wear clothes made of natural fibers.

07 Comparison

比较对象一致性，这点也是在写作中比较常遇到的问题。因为托福写作通常会有二者比较，甚至三者比较，那么同学们在写作中，进行两者的优缺点比较的时候，尤其要注意自己是否做到了比较对象的一致。

错误：A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher.

这个句子就是错将“医生的工资”和“老师”进行比较，正确的应该是“医生的工资”和“老师的工资”进行比较。即应该是：A doctor’s salary is higher than a teacher’s.

08 Countable Nouns

在英文中，需要注意区分的是名词的可数和不可数性。可数名词在使用中，如果是泛指(这在托福写作中尤其常用，当你想说明一个普遍的道理时，通常都会泛指引出)，那么注意需要在此类名词前加不定冠词(如a/an)等，如果刚好不是指某一个，而是指一个群体，那么注意，需要用复数形式。这即是我们常说的“可数名词不裸奔”规则。

错误：Education for kid can be very costly.

这句话中kid就是可数名词，因为这里是说明“孩子的教育可能会很贵”，孩子在这只是泛指，因此kid应该改成kids，即正确的句子应该是：Education for kids can be very costly.

当然，这里所列举的语法错误，只是同学们较为普遍的错误，受篇幅和时间所限，只讲解了很小一部分，但这些错误认真理解后，基本能解决大家一大半的语法问题。同学们可以比对自己平时练习的作文，进行自我修正。每次记录、总结自己常犯的语法错误类型，在第二次练习时争取不犯，这样使自己的表达越来越精准。若想精益求精，系统学习语法也不失为一个好方法。

托福写作字数和分数到底有怎样的关系

托福写作词数写的越多，得分就会越高?这话对不对呢?为什么很多托福考生在考场上洋洋洒洒写了五六百词，写作分数却并不高?为什么托福写作词数写得多有的人就能得高分，有的人却得了低分呢?托福写作字数和分数之间到底存在着一种什么样的关系呢?新东方网托福频道在此和大家分享和合肥新东方李盛老师的这篇托福写作字数与分数之间的关系。

首先，我们先来看看托福写作“the longer, the better”这种说法的合理之处。

托福考试的写作部分是由Human rater(真人评分)和E-rater共同评分，最终取加权平均值。Human rater非常看重文章内容的充实，也就是考生是否能够在相应的段落中给出合理且清晰的理由、例证和细节把问题表述清楚。这样一来，如果中间发展段只有寥寥几笔，考生肯定不能把问题讲清楚，从而在Development这个维度上就达不到考试的要求。而E-rater虽然读不懂考生文章的内容，却能够通过the length of discourse elements(话语元素长度)这一标准对于考生的中间发展段进行评估。The length of discourse elements(话语元素长度)主要评估考生文章的两个方面：

平均句长

也就是文章的平均每个句子包含的单词数量。如果一个考生内容没有进行有效发展，也就是说该考生没有什么内容可写，E-rater就会默认考生的句子一定写不长;反过来，如果一个考生内容发展充实，那么该考生的句子一定有丰富的内容表述，此时写出来的句子一定不会很短。

中间发展段句子数量

也就是每个理由段考生写了多少个句子进行支撑自己的观点。如果考生内容没有发展，中间理由段也就没什么话说，这时候中间段就不会有太多的句子进行支撑;反过来，如果一个考生内容发展充实，那么该考生中间段一定有多个句子从不同细节角度进行支撑自己的观点。

由此可见：如果考生的写作发展不够充实，作文的词数一般不会多。

其实托福考试评分标准中并没有把词数达标作为一个衡量标准，但是建议考生写作词数不少于300词，因为一般来说，少于300词的托福独立写作文章内容发展不会那么充实，也就是说词数不够直接影响到了评分维度中的Development一项。

但是，是不是一个考生词数写的多就能够证明文章发展充实从而得到高分呢?

我们来看一组ETS研究论文中的数据。下图为了研究方便，ETS的工作人员使用了传统写作的6分制评分重新设定了托福的分数(也就是6分为满分)：

我们可以看到，满分(6分)的文章大都是词数为400词左右的文章，且当文章的词数达到了一定范围(400词以上)，写作分数上没有了明显的变化。

再来看另一组ETS的研究数据，这一次研咳嗽卑炎芊稚柚梦4分(也就是满分为4分)来比较不同分数段的口语写作分数与文章长度的关系可以看到，独立写作抽样了476篇文章，其中最高分的文章有102篇，写的最多的词数为586词，写的最少的词数竟然只有261词(这就是为什么上文中提到独立写作的建议词数是300词，而不是硬性要求词数，当然，对于大多数考生来说，由于缺乏娴熟的语言驾驭能力，很难用这么少的词数把内容表述清楚)，其平均词数只有385.3个词;同时，在低分档(2分)的文章中最多词数有507个词的，这时候你还会觉得词数越多得分越高吗?

抛开数据不看，我们也能够理解，一篇文章好坏除了内容是否写得充实外，还需要考虑内容的相关度、语言的质量以及语句之间的逻辑衔接等。很多同学为了凑词数而大量背诵没有意义的模板句，与主题关联性不是很大的例子，这样不仅不会得到高分，反而会在考试中丢分。

在托福的独立写作中，除了文章结构组织(这一点大多数考生只要接受过正规的培训基本都没什么问题)和语言的正确使用(这一点需要考生课下的积累)之外，文章的发展，也就是具体的内容，往往决定着考生的分数。一般来说，内容充实的文章往往能够得到高分，同时，内容充实的文章词数一般也不会太少。如果只关注词数本身而忽略了文章内容，就会造成“词数多，分数高”的假象。

再通俗一点说，饭店里菜的分量多一般用大盘子装，而大盘子端上来的菜分量不一定多。

年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析

篇2：1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析

2020年1月12日托福综合写作真题回忆与解析

话题分类

社会科学。

考题回忆

1-总论点

Whitehead was the first person who had invented the airplane in 1901, which was 2 years earlier than Wright Brothers.

2-阅读部分

All these three evidence are not true.

(1) The lacking of photographs can’t indicate that Whitehead had invented the Airplane in 1901. Actually, drawings was the most popular way appearing on the newspaper. The news may be made up by some reporter to publish an eye-catching event, therefore it was unreliable.

(2) The design of the plane was unreasonable because it had just one single-level wings, and it could not fly at that time.

(3) Whitehead sold the engine which was designed by himself to many aircraft builders, who couldn’t manufactured an airplane successfully. Thus the author thought the engine of the airplane couldn’t function well.

3-听力部分

Refute each point raised in reading part separately.

These evidence are more stronger than we thought.

(1) Because of the limit of the technology, most of the news press adopted drawings instead of photos. Because the experiment of flying was in the early morning, With dim light and the fast moving of the plane, it was difficult to capture enough high quality photographs.

(2) In the modern time, some scientists completely copy the design of Whitehead, which indicates that this kind of design is able to work well.

(3) It is true that those aircraft builders couldn’t invented the airplane successfully, but Whitehead should not be to blame for it. Since there was the limit of technology and lack of knowledge, it was normal not being able to create the plane. Furthermore, it could proved the good quality of the engine that so many people buying it.

解题思路

总写阅读材料和听力材料的主题与关系。

用听力材料中的内容一一反驳阅读材料中的观点。

托福词汇背诵的七大误区

1. 背托福单词拼写，但是不注意中文意思。其实我们在应用一门语言的时候，最常用的能力是认识的能力，换句话说，也就是阅读的能力，这个是我们最常用的能力，我们首先要解决这个问题，换句话说，对于一个单词，我们首先要知道这个单词的中文意思是什么，而至于单词的拼写，只要考试之前多写，就会发现自己常用的单词，然后这些单词，写多了，自然也就会拼写了。这一点非常重要，切记!背单词，一定要注重中文意思，而不是拼写。

2. 绝大多数人都需要背单词。不管你是国际学校、亦或者是海外留学生，都是需要背单词的。很多考友认为自己过了大学6级就不用背单词，实际上过了大学6级的水平，也就是托福60分上下的水平，真的与100分的要求相差的还很远。

反过来，哪些人不用背单词呢?1，sat分以上， 2，gre300以上，亦或者是托福阅读26分以上，如果你没有达到上面的任何一个要求的话，那么，你就必须要背单词!

3. 只背托福单词。其实托福考试的单词书，是有一个传统的，也就是绝大多数的材料都是针对高分通过大学英语6级的人来准备的。

因此，现在市面上几乎所有的托福单词书全都是默认去掉了大学4级单词的。但是实际上，现在很多考友也就是大学4级水平，甚至更低。对于这部分人来说，第一步应该背的是大学4级单词，有的人甚至需要背高中单词，而不是只背一本托福单词，就完事大吉的。

4. 背多本托福单词书。就市面上所有主流的托福单词书，其实所涵盖的单词都是差不多的，除了那本托福10000，其他的单词书都是可以的。托福10000所列出的单词很多都不会考到，是过难了。除此之外，绝大多数的单词书都是差不多的。只要背完里面的任意一本，就可以保证涵盖90%以上其他的单词书了，因此没有必要背很多本同样级别的单词书。

5. 每天背不同的单词。在背单词的道里面，已经说了，背单词的最好的方法就是反复、大量、多次背相同的单词。可是很多考友很喜欢第一天背1-3list，第二天背4-6list，第三天背7-9list，第四天就崩溃了，发现前面背的单词全都忘了。

马上感叹背单词是不靠谱的，自己背不下来单词的。但是这么背单词是不对的，应该第一天、第二天、第三天、直至第十天都应该背1-9单元，每天都把1-9单元看很多遍才对，这样才是背单词。前面那样的每天背不同的单词，那是在相亲!而托福需要的是谈恋爱，也就是大宝天天见!

6. 背托福单词的多个释义。其实对于人类来说，最容易记住的，是一对一的关系，最可怕的就是需要记住一个网络。我们在背单词的时候也是这样，如果一开始背单词的时候，就试图记住单词的多个释义，那么会让我们在背单词的效率上大打折扣!因此我们应该在背单词的时候，只记住自己最熟悉的意思。当我们把这个单词背下来之后，再背其他的释义，要知道，背单词的时候，扩展永远是比一开始背这个单词要简单很多的。

7. 忽略词性。其实在分析句意的时候，单词的词性是一个超级重要的辅助因素!因为如果没有单词词性的辅助，我们会经常无法判断错误单词的逻辑结构的，因此，在背单词的时候，除了背单词的最贴近自己生活的释义，还要把词性也记下来，这一点非常重要!

托福写作怎么提高 三个方法增强文章连贯性

一般来说，衔接手段可以分成三个层次，词汇衔接 (lexical cohesion)、语法衔接 (grammatical cohesion)、修辞衔接 (rhetorical cohesion)。

(一)词汇衔接

- 原词重复 (direct repetition) 、同义词 (synonyms)、反义词 (antonyms)

- 来自于相同语义场 (semantic field) 和词汇链 (lexical chains) 的单词

- 使用one/ ones进行词汇替代 (substitution)

(二)语法衔接

- 指代 (reference): 代词、冠词

- 使用 so/ do/ does/ did 等进行从句元素替代

- 比较级

- 时态

(三)修辞衔接

- 提问与回答

-平行结构 (parallelism)

下面我们结合托福一个写作题目和对应的高分范文 (high-level responses) 进行讲解。

Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Be sure to use your own words. Do not use memorized examples.

Source: TOEFL? Test Preparation: The Insider’s Guide

上面这个题目需要考生思考并比较在本国旅游和在外国旅游各自的好处，然后决定是否同意 “人们在本国旅游获得的益处比在外国旅游获得的益处更多” 这个观点。在这里我们给各位提供官方选取的高分回答，第一篇来自挪威的Aarcha Z.同学，第二篇来自中国的_同学。

01

Aarcha 同学对于题目持有不同意的观点 (Disagree)，她认为到国外旅游好处更多。以下是她的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。

“I think that people benefit more from traveling to foreign countries.”

我们这里节选她文章其中一个主体段。

In addition to that, travelling to another country gives you the perfect excuse to learn a new language. For example, I’m planning to go to France next year, and I’ve already started learning basic French with the help of apps on my mobile phone. [Learning a new language] is a wonderful thing, as it not only helps you get around in foreign countries, but also makes you attractive in the job market. If you’re travelling in your own country, you will never truly need to learn a new language, and will therefore miss out on the opportunity that it brings.

分析：

该文段使用的衔接手段主要是：(一)词汇衔接中的同义词(二)语法衔接中的代词指代 (reference)

首先 “that” 是一个代词，指代文中第一个理由 “to experience new sights, cultures and food”; 另外， “another country” 是题目中 “foreign countries” 的另外一种表达形式; “it” 用来表示 “learning a new language” 的意思。全段100个单词，出现了4处衔接手段的使用，使得段落内容清晰紧密。

02

_同学对于题目持有同意的观点 (Agree)，他认为在国内旅游好处更多。以下是他的主旨句 (Thesis Statement) 。

“I deem I can benefit more from travelling in my own countries.”

我们这里节选他文章中两个主体段来分析其使用衔接手段的情况。

The most critical reason is time. As a traveler, I would prefer spending more time exploring my destination rather than getting stuck at the security checkpoint, sitting in the airplane, and waiting in a long queue at the custom, which are often associated with international travel. For example, if I have a week of vacation, instead of spending 2 days on the way, I could choose a destination that may only take me [a] couple [of] hours to get there that means I have 1 extra more vacation day.

Secondly, ….

Lastly, international trip can cost travelers significantly more comparing to a domestic one. Admittedly, cost of a trip is often determined personal choice and preference but a lot of fees, such as visa and currency exchange, are often inevitable. In addition, to save money in another unknown country can be a lot more challenging.

分析：

该文段使用的衔接手段主要是：(一)词汇衔接-同义词; 词汇衔接- one/ ones 替代(二)语法衔接中的比较级 (三)修辞衔接中的平行结构 (parallelism)

首先第一段中连续使用了三个平行结构来表达到国外旅游可能会遇到的不方便 “getting stuck at the security checkpoint” , “sitting in the airplane” , “waiting in a long queue at the custom”, 另外， “international travel” 以及第三段中的 “international trip” 是同义词，“domestic” 是题目中 “in their own country” 同义表达，最后 “domestic one” 当中的 “one” 也是为了避免重复前面的内容而进行指代的。

这些衔接手段的使用增加了上下文内容的连贯性，也丰富了语言表达形式，使得段落内容清晰紧密生动。 两段的内容不算多，但单从衔接手段的角度来讲还是值得各位考生学习和借鉴的。

篇3：1月11日托福综合写作真题回忆及解析

The reading passage explores the issue that there are three ways to prevent bats from being harmed by wind turbines. The professor in the lecture, however, opposes those methods by providing three specific points.

First, the reading passage suggests that wind turbines can be constructed in the area where bats seldom live or forage, so that the harm caused by wind turbines can be decreased. Although the professor in the lecture admits that the first method is beneficial to bats, the area with frequent appearance of bats can not be powered by the wind turbines, which is inconvenient to people living in the same area. Therefore, the professor's argument disproves its counterpart in the reading.

Moreover, the writer states that we can turn off the wind turbines to avoid the harm towards bats. However, the professor contends that bats still can be hurt by the turbines in the morning, because if the turbines are turned off, bats tent to take a rest on the them.

Finally, the writer asserts that wind turbines can be facilitated radar which emits special range of sound waves to irritate bats, in which keeps bats away from those turbines. By contrast, the professor provides that the certain sound waves are bad for bats’ reproductive systems, so that the third method can cause more damage to bats species.

20托福写作备考建议

1. 话题素材积累

好的文章离不开充实的内容，想要自己的文章充满论证细节而非言之无物、内容具体而非抽象难懂，离不开相关话题表达的积累。同时大家也可以通过学习范文，不仅能将好的语言表达收入囊中，也可以通过归纳文章思路，在切题、观点展开和连贯性的三个维度进行学习。

2. 重视历年机经

从近年的考题情况来看，多数考题仍是在重复历年机经题。建议大家在考前大量刷题写提纲;同时也推荐同学们关注考前机经预测，调整备考状态。

3. 练习加上批改

光说不练假把式，但是光练不改真的就容易practice makes mistakes fossilized，练了七八遍的错误，自己都会觉得“没毛病啊”;所以写完记得一定要批改呢，写一篇有一篇的收获，祝大家越写越好。

篇4：1月11日托福综合写作真题回忆及解析

马上要到年底申请了，托福写作还是拖后腿怎么办?不少同学在答写作题时都喜欢套用模板，但我们往往会发现：用了一个很牛的模板，写了100多个词，还是上不了20分?

同学们，你们以为ETS的阅卷人是吃素的吗?你自以为的 “高分作文”，人家可是一眼就能看出来是千篇 一律的模板。

那么，怎样写才能写出一篇好作文呢?

写出一篇高分作文，首先思路要正确，要站在出题人的角度思考问题。

我们用一个写作话题举例：“为了晋升，到底要承担更多(个体)工作，还是更多参与团队任务?”。有同学一上来看到 “团队” 二字就乐开花，大书特书团队合作如何效率高，只字不提对“个体晋升” 这件事。ETS花半天出了题，我们是不是应该多思考一些再落笔?比如这道题，我们既要写出团队协作的效率高，又要写出个体晋升的便携性，有对比才能显出文章的深度。即便准备了模板，也要想想怎么把模板里面有价值的信息逻辑正确地嵌入到文章里。

说完思路，我们来说说语言方面，ETS要求正确和逻辑流畅的句子。至于那种5句话里面就有5个逗号，1个连词都没有，像 “there have many people say” 这种，男阅卷人看了要沉默，女阅卷人看了要流泪，我们是不是还要在基本语法上多下些功夫?

如果一篇文章如果审题思路有偏差，例子不清晰，语言也凌乱，又怎么值得24+的分数呢?

篇5：1月5日托福写作真题及解析

201月5日托福写作真题

话题分类

教育

题型

二选一题型

考题回忆

如果你擅长某科。你的朋友来问你问题，你会帮助他 or suggest他去找专门的老师解答.

解题思路

教育类话题，难度系数适中

1. 二选一，要对这2种方法进行比较。

2. 利弊题型。分析好坏结果

3. 因为是来“问我问题”，“我”给建议。所以，不仅可以分析对朋友，也可分析对自己的影响。

年1月5日托福写作解析

参考范文

It is a common phenomenon that students meet all sorts of problems to solve in study. Teachers and friends are the ones we can count on no matter how difficult the problems are. But when it comes to whether teachers are more valuable than our friends, some people may agree with it, for experienced tutors can guide us. However, I disagree based on the following reasons.

It is not to say tutors do not play an important role in dealing with questions. They would recommend books of specific subject, provide words of wisdom and share their problem-solving mentality to pull us through hard questions. However, we can seek help from our friends who are excelled at a certain subject or have been through the same problem. So the merit from teachers seems insignificant compared with those brought by our friends.

First, the problems my friends are faced with can be tackled effectively and timely. Obviously, teachers have a heavy workload. They have to spend hours checking books, studying material and doing research before classes to get fully prepared. Right after class there will be questions to be answered and papers to be graded. Once my friends want to ask teachers for help, they have to make an appointment ahead of time according to teachers’schedules. But for my part, there is close involvement in providing assistance for my friends both at home and in school At home, we can contact at any time, such as chat on some social applications to record the important points or start a video call to shorten the time we type. At school, we take a class in classrooms, prepare for final exams in libraries as well as have a rest in dormitories. As a result, if needing help, my friends can find me wherever and whenever. .

Second, I, myself, is also a beneficiary. On the one hand, helping my friends gives me an opportunity to absorb knowledge in more direct and interesting ways. Solutions to math problems are good examples. Instead of reading about obscure concepts, we can see them presented in vivid method in various real-world examples. Instead of reading about complicated formulas, we can see how magically these formulas are applied to a range of problem-solving investigations. Throughout the duration of explaining the understanding of the questions, I can review what I have learned and detect what I have neglected. On the other hand, it can be a helper for me to acquire essential learning skills. To be specific, while making real contributions to coping with these problems, I am actively learning how to organize, express and transfer which are indispensable for future study even for career life.

Therefore, if my friends are struggling with complex problems while studying, I prefer offering help for them to advising them to find a tutor.

托福写作高级形容词替换之褒义词

1、重要的 important

vital ['va?t(?)l]

She had found out some information of vital importance.

她已经发现了一些至关重要的信。

crucial ['kru??(?)l]

It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.

立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。

prominent ['pr?m?n?nt]

This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth.

投资的较大幅度增加，对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。

cardinal ['kɑ?d(?)n(?)l]

Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.

尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则。

2、优秀的 good

excellent ['eks(?)l(?)nt]

She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories.

她一直因其优秀的短篇小说享有很高的声望。

outstanding [a?t'st?nd??]

The girl who won the scholarship was quite outstanding.

得奖学金的女孩是相当优秀的。

extraordinary [?k?str??dnri]

Her strength of will was extraordinary.

她的意志力是非凡的。

remarkable [r?'mɑ?k?b(?)l]

The economic diplomacy of China is characterized by distinctive features and remarkableachievements.

中国的经济外交具有鲜明的特点和卓越的成就。

3、有趣的 interesting

amusing [?'mju?z??]

Do not hesitate to laugh at anything you find amusing.

只要觉得好笑就尽管笑。

entertaining [ent?'te?n??]

This is an entertaining yet thought-provoking film.

这部电影令人捧腹，却又发人深省。

engaging[?n'ge?d???]

His engaging personality made him popular with his peers.

他迷人的个性使他深受同龄人的喜爱。

4、有活力的 energetic

dynamic[da?'n?m?k]

South Asia continues to be the most dynamic economic region in the world.

南亚仍然是世界上最具活力的经济区。

vigorous['v?g(?)r?s]

We urge vigorous action to be taken immediately.

我们强烈要求立即采取有力措施。

animated['?n?me?t?d]

His observations gave rise to an animated and lively discussion.

他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。

5、充足的 abundant

ample['?mp(?)l]

Agriculture has developed rapidly, thus providing light industry with ample raw materials.

农业迅速发展，从而为轻工业提供了充足的原料。

plentiful ['plent?f?l]

Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favor the growth of plants.

炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长。

generous['d?en(?)r?s]

No one is expecting a very generous pay increase this year.

没有人指望今年会有大幅度的工资增长。

6、勇敢的 brave

courageous[k?'re?d??s]

The pioneers are courageous indeed, overcoming one difficulty after another.

这些开拓者的确有勇气，他们克服了一个又一个的困难。

bold[b??ld]

Big, successful moves need bold, masterful managers.

重大而成功的举措需要既大胆又善于控制局势的经理来实施。

fearless ['f??l?s]

To go in for technical innovation, one must have the fearless spirit of a pathbreaker.

搞技术革新就要有一股不怕困难的闯劲。

7、合理地 reasonable

sound [sa?nd]

She gave me some very sound advice.

她给了我一些非常合理的建议。

rational['r??(?)n(?)l]

There is no rational explanation for his actions.

对他的所作所为无法作出合理的解释。

sensible ['sens?b(?)l]

It would seem more sensible to apply standards flexibly rather than rigidly.

灵活地运用标准比死守标准会显得更合情合理。

8、著名的 famous

renowned [r?'na?nd]

The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty.

该地区以其无以伦比的自然风景闻名于世。

noticeable ['n??t?s?b(?)l]

The class has made noticeable improvement.

这个班已有引人注目的进步。

notable ['n??t?b(?)l]

The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of modern science.

这部著作是现代科学发展史上著名的里程碑之一。

9、有益的 helpful

favorable ['fe?v?r?bl]

Such events occur only when the external conditions are favorable.

这种事情只有在外部条件有利时才会发生。

beneficial[ben?'f??(?)l]

It can be beneficial to share your feelings with someone you trust.

向自己信任的人倾诉感情是很有益处的。

rewarding [r?'w??d??]

It is a very rewarding exercise to work this out oneself.

独自解决这个问题是一次受益匪浅的锻炼。

托福写作高级形容词替换之中性词+贬义词篇

中性形容词

1、许多 many

numerous ['nju?m(?)r?s]

Numerous factories have sprung up in this once desolate area.

过去这一带满目苍凉， 现在却有了无数的工厂。

a host of

The special theory of relativity has raised a host of questions.

狭义相对论引出了许多问题。

multitude of

I was awed by the multitude of stars in the night sky.

夜空中的繁星震撼了我。

2、不同的 different

various['ve?r??s]

These data have been collected from various sources.

这些数据是从各方面搜集来的。

a variety of

A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.

各种重工业沿着港口逐渐发展起来。

diverse[da?'v??s]

People hold diverse attitudes toward these new regulations.

人们对于这些新规定抱有不同的态度。

3、普遍的 common

commonplace ['k?m?nple?s]

Yet on the most commonplace occasion I can never know your thoughts.

然而即便在最普通的事情上我也琢摸不透你的心思。

universal[ju?n?'v??s(?)l]

Such problems are a universal feature of senior citizens.

这类问题是老年人的通病。

pervasive[p?'ve?s?v]

It is the most pervasive compound on earth.

它是地球上最普遍的化合物。

4、唯一的 only

solely['s??ll?]

Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.

成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。

unique[ju?'ni?k]

The examples are unique to this dictionary.

这些例证是这部词典独有的。

merely['m??l?]

You are merely reciting facts that you have learned by rote. 你只是在背诵自己死记硬背下来的东西。

5、贫穷的 poor

needy['ni?d?]

Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.

穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。

impoverished[?m'p?v?r??t]

The rural people have been impoverished by a collapsing economy.

经济崩溃使农村地区的人们一贫如洗。

in poverty

He was bred up in poverty.

他是在贫苦的生活环境中长大的。

6、富裕的 rich

wealthy ['welθ?]

All of them came from wealthy, upper class families.

他们全部来自富有的上流社会家庭。

well-heeled['wel'hi:ld]

Both families are reasonably well-heeled and comfortably-off.

两家人都相当富有，都生活得很舒适。

well-to-do

She comes from a well-to-do family.

她出身于一个小康之家。

7、大的 big

vast [vɑ?st]

The pollution has already turned vast areas into a wasteland.

污染已经使大片地区沦为不毛之地。

massive ['m?s?v]

We needed to reskill our workforce to cope with massive technological change.

我们得让工人学习新技能，以应对巨大的技术变革。

enormous [?'n??m?s]

The enormous difficulty makes him cynical about the feasibility of the idea.

巨大的困难让他对这个主意是否可行持怀疑态度。

8、新的 new

brand-new

Net Electronic Map has become a brand-new way for showing the geographic information.

网上电子地图已成为一种全新的地理信息展示方式。

fresh[fre?]

The company set to make a fresh start under a new broom.

公司准备在新任领导的带领下开创新局面。

novel['n?v(?)l]

Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.

抗议者找到了抗议油价飞涨的新办法。

贬义形容词

1、有害的 harmful

damaging ['d?m?d???]

Many chemicals have a damaging effect on the environment.

许多化学物质都对环境有破坏性的影响。

ruinous['ru??n?s]

The decision has proved to be ruinous.

事实证明这个决定造成了危害。

destructive[d?'str?kt?v]

The city witnessed the destructive force of the storm.

这座城市遭受了这场暴风雨的巨大破坏力。

2、困难的 difficult

demanding [d?'mɑ?nd??]

He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.

他发现自己已无力应对这份劳神费力的工作了。

laborious[l?'b??r??s]

They had the laborious task of cutting down the huge tree.

他们要完成砍伐大树的艰苦工作。

formidable['f??m?d?b(?)l]

He took on the formidable task of reforming the whole system.

他承担起改革整个系统的艰巨任务。

3、无聊的 boring

dull [d?l]

The conference was deadly dull.

会议开得死气沉沉的。

tiresome ['ta??s(?)m]

I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day.

日复一日做相同的工作让我觉得非常无聊。

tedious['ti?d??s]

He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.

会读书和思考的人不会感到长夜无聊或者生活乏味。

4、忧虑的 worried

anxious ['??(k)??s]

He was anxious about the enormity of the task ahead.

他为眼前任务的艰巨性而感到焦虑。

apprehensive[?pr?'hens?v]

The long delay had made me quite apprehensive.

长时间的耽搁使我相当忧虑。

fraught [fr??t]

It has been a somewhat fraught day.

这是令人颇为担忧的一天。

5、沮丧的 sad

depressed [d?'prest]

She felt very depressed about the future.

她感到前途无望。

gloomy ['glu?m?]

They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.

他们发现他情绪低落，无精打采。

frustrated[fr?'stre?t?d]

Both sides in the dispute appeared very frustrated at the lack of progress.

争执双方因事情毫无进展而显得十分沮丧。

6、怀疑的 doubtful

skeptical ['skept?k?l]

Many were skeptical about this solution.

许多人对这一解决办法表示怀疑。

suspicious [s?'sp???s]

Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.

大多数机构对新想法持怀疑态度，这不难理解。

incredulous [?n'kredj?l?s]

She gave me an incredulous glance.

她表示怀疑地向我瞥了一眼。

篇6：新托福综合写作真题完整解析

Throughout the Greek islands, archaeologists have found over 200 plate-sized ceramic disks dating to about 2000 to 3000 B.C.E. The disks are typically decorated on one side, while the other side is undecorated and has a raised edge that creates a shallow basin. They usually also have short handles. Archaeologists are still unclear about what the objects were used for. Three theories about their function have been proposed.

Pans for Cooking Food

Some archaeologists believe that the objects were used for cooking food. These archaeologists believe that food was placed on the undecorated side and that the raised edge on that side prevented the food from falling out of the pan. The handle would have made it easier and safer to remove the pan from a cooking fire or oven.

Drums

Other archaeologists believe that the objects were drums for making sounds. These archaeologists point out that animal skins could have been stretched over the side with the raised edge, creating an air chamber that would have amplified sound when the animal skin was struck. According to this theory, the person doing the drumming would hold the drum by the handle with one hand and strike the skin with the other hand.

Mirrors

Yet other archaeologists believe that the objects were a kind of ancient mirror. Although the objects are not made of a reflective material, they could have been used to create a reflection by pouring a liquid, such as olive oil, into the shallow basin with the raised edge. Supporters of this theory point out that the decorations found on the ceramic disks are similar to decorations found on hand-held metal mirrors made in ancient Greece.

Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.

阅读：出土了一种用陶土做的disk，一面有花纹，一面没花纹。没花纹那面周围有一圈凸起刚好形成了一个浅浅的碗。disk下面还有短短的手柄。这种disk有三种可能的用法。

1、用来做饭，disk无花纹面的碗刚好可以盛放食物，而手柄方便烹饪的时候移动disk。

2、用来当鼓，往disk上蒙上兽皮，就可以形成一个腔体。人们可以一手持手柄，一手击鼓。

3、用作镜子。往无花纹面里到些液体，就可以当镜子用了。而且，这种用法很像古希腊的手持镜子。

听力：上用法都不可信

1、不可能用于烹饪的。想一想我们家里用的pans and pots，使用之后会black end or discolored，因为长时间接触高温，炊具势必会发黑。但是出土的200件disk中没有一个出现了这种情况。

2、做鼓使用也不可能发出好听的声音。这中disk使用陶土制作，即使蒙上兽皮敲击的声音也远不如用兽皮和木头制作的鼓好听。此外，陶土制作的鼓非常沉，使用不便。

3、无法当作镜子。倒入液体后，disk就必须被水平放置，这样人们可以弯腰照镜子。但是被水平放置后，有花纹的那一面就看不见了。古希腊的镜子是手持的，垂直拿在手里，这样可以随时看见镜子的花纹。

主题

希腊发现了200多个圆盘状的ceramic disks，一边平面的有装饰，一边是周围有突起的边没装饰的。三种理论推测用途。

R&L对照

Reading:

1、Pans for cooking food.因为没装饰那边凹进去，盛菜不会撒，且有把手好握着;

2、Drums.把动物皮绑在disks周围突起上面，可以制成鼓等等;

3、Mirrors. 古人把水等液体放进去，容器放平，弯腰就能看见自己的figure。

Lecture: 逐一反驳

1、如果用来盛菜，会使ceramic disks变得blacken and discolor,因为高温。同时出土的近200多件，太少了，不会是盛菜用的;

2、这样的做法敲起来不会有好的声音，解释了一般的鼓部分原理。并且为什么古人放着那么多充足的适合做鼓的材料不用而用它呢;

3、如果是为了做镜子用，就要把镜子平放，那么人家干嘛还把背后平的那一面弄上装饰呢，反正又没人看得见嘛。

托福写作备考之学会正确立意

托福作文需要不断的练习与积累，但是想要高分首先还是得学会立意。

1， 要与论题相匹配。论题问的既然是提高生活质量与否，一些无关紧要的改变就应该弃之不用，比如烹调时间缩短这一项改变，是事实，且未对生活质量有直接明显影响，就应该避免用作主要论点。

2， 要能言之有物。这是再功利不过的一条标准。比如我自己提到了食物准备时间缩短能让人性情改变，破题时觉得不无可能，真落笔时却不知道由何说起，如果选了这一条为一个主要论点，结果是我说了一句话就走人，那还不如选个能下笔，能展示语言功底，也能显示思维缜密的写作方向。

3， 选择的无论是2个还是3个论点，内在一定要有联系。这其实是整个立意阶段的重头。要立意，就是要明白自己表达的对象是什么，明确立场。然后站在这个立场上，挑选支持自己的论点。

托福写作破题结束后，第二要做的重要事项便是整理行文思路。破题过程其实是个发散思维的过程，而立意，则是要把思维收回来，组织化，理清它的脉络纹路，让他们按照自认为最有说服力的顺序排列好，准备落于纸上的过程。这个说服力的强弱，应该以什么标准判断呢?笔者认为，能说服读者的议论，在论点选择上应该遵循一个原则：三个(或者两个)论点不能在层面上有交叉，但要符合一条明线：支持全文观点。而最打动读者的论点选择，不仅遵循上面的原则，三个看似不交叉的论点间还有一条暗线贯穿一致。令全文浑然天成，回味无穷。

立意的地一步，按照上面的原则看，当然是先确定观点。以题目为例，笔者愿意选择否，食物易于准备降低了人们的生活质量。第一步踏出去了。

确定观点后，破题时得到的思维方向，明显不利于我的就应该排除。比如营养价值改变这一条，虽然速食文化的确对人体有害，但另一项速食：生疏和熟粗粮，就是向有益方向改变的，两者势均力敌，仅管是很容易想到，也很容易举例论证的论点，却不宜使用，因为如此贸然用了，有思维不缜密之嫌。然而，这毕竟是一块好啃的骨头，如果其他论点都不好论证，还可以回头捡起这一条来，隐去健康速食那个事实进行作文，当然，这依然是下下之选。

托福写作中需排除异己

之后，便该比较遗留的可能性论点，选取能言之有物且不交叉的项目，作为主要论点了。托福写作考试发散思维时，思维如洪水，席卷一切进入视野的可用之材，但大浪淘尽后，选择时就要格外注意这些素材的特征属性，看准了着手点才能下手。一个可能的论点必须作者有话可说才能选用，但如果对一个论点有太多话要说，就应该停下来，看看这些话能否安插在其他论点上。这也是出于观察论点间交叉性的需要。比如我选生活节奏改变，引发出速食对食量的影响，再引出对身体的影响，但第一个选择的论点是营养价值对身体的影响，两个论点就交叉在一起了。

在挑选论点，寻找言之有物这个“物”的时候，一定要注意避免层面的交叉，而这个层面，也要从托福写作题目中来：题目问的是对生活质量的影响，这些选择的层面一定和生活质量有关。生活质量又有什么层面呢?身体健康是一层，心理健康是一层，这两者合并在一起，是人类健康生活的基本要求，而物质享受是在基本要求上的锦上添花，又可以算一层，三层不交叉的层面就找到了。以此为依据，再回头找匹配的论点，事半功倍。此处也需要注意，破题时给出的方向只是方向，不是成熟的论点。有需要时，可以把匹配的几个方向糅合成一个论点，方便下笔。

针对本题，三个论点如下：身体健康下降：速食对食量的影响。心理健康下降：快速的生活节奏造成压力。物质享受下降：精心调配的美食是一种格调，人们正在沉沦于生活压力中，丧失享受的品位。这三个论点,大家可能都看得心满意足,以为思路完成了,可以下笔了.事实上就这么下笔,的确已经可以成文了.可要写成一篇动人的议论,还是不够.因为这三个论点虽不交叉,却只有一条明线为关联:这条明线就是支持全文观点.细细研究,它们再无其它联系,如果写成文章,读后不会有一气呵成的畅快淋漓之感,也不会特别深入人心.

这条暗线，应该是什么呢?是让托福写作从死板规矩的举例说理，三片豆腐块儿拼成的死文字，变成有思想，又灵性，能从纸上走出来，走进读者内心去的，作者的心声。这暗线，就是前文提过的，能赋予文章品格的，刚柔之论，是或者以情，或者以理，串联整篇文章。

既然这条暗线要贯穿全文，就必须与各个论点有一定联系。而在串连所有论点的同时，要避免交叉，就使这个暗线出于一个全新的视角。之前笔者从题目用词的角度发散思维，再根据题目提问的出发点将发散开的思维分成三股收束起来。从题目本身入手，已无处再用力，可以使用的视角，只能从个人经验和知识中采凿-----而这正是独立写作的基本要求：writing based on knowledge and experience

托福备考之写作素材：家长影响

Children are prone to observe and follow their parents’ behaviors. For example, a child who sees his/her father exercising regularly will probably be active as an adult. Other positive behaviors demonstrated by parents could affect their children in various ways, including their dressing style, dental hygiene and table manners. On the contrary, children of smokers are more likely to pick up the habit of smoking because of parental modeling and because they have increased access to cigarettes. According to a recent survey conducted by the Kentucky Department for Public Health, a child of an alcoholic parent is four times more likely to become an alcoholic when he/she becomes an adult. In the cases above, the influences of parental modeling should never be underestimated with regards to how these actions affect their children.

托福写作举一反三：

① affect 影响

=influence, impact

? The children and spouse of a smoker will be adversely affected by the constant smoke in their environment.

② underestimate 低估

=underrate

? Children always look to their mother for guidance, and therefore the influence that a mother has over a child could never be underestimated.

? Under no circumstances should we underestimate the importance of helping students obtain a thorough understanding of what has been printed in their textbooks.

? 反义词：overestimate

-托福写作话题词汇-

家族纽带 family tie

亲情 family bond

代沟 generation gap

家庭观念 family value

核心家庭 nuclear family

父母指导 parental guidance

相互理解 mutual understanding

尊重父母 respect one’s parents

托福写作真题重现：

? Parents learn more from their children than children learn from their parents. (2013.11.9)

? Teachers had a greater influence on young people in the past than they do today. (2012.5.26)

托福写作思路分析：工人做不同类型的工作

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Workers would be happier if they are doing different types of tasks during their workday than doing the same task.

新托福写作思路解析：工人做不同类型的工作

I agree

1. Workers will get tired easily if they keep doing the same type of task for a long time.(长时间做同样的工作会导致效率下降，不同的工作可以转化思维)

2. By doing a variety of tasks a person can develop skills in different areas.(不同的工作会有不同的要求，从而积累工作经验，这对于未来的职业发展有好处)

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