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考研英语形式主语与形式宾语

时间：2023年08月05日

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以下是小编为大家准备的考研英语形式主语与形式宾语，本文共9篇，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。本文原稿由网友“Kakakkk”提供。

篇1：考研英语形式主语与形式宾语

考研英语形式主语与形式宾语

It作形式主语和形式宾语，虽然是我们高中就学过的语法点，但在考研英语题型中，无论是在阅读还是翻译，常会考查该知识点。

一、it作形式主语。

英语中不定式、动名词、主语从句在作主语时主语往往显得很长，使整个句子看上去有点头重脚轻，这样就借助“it”来作形式上的主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后边去，使全句结构上前后平衡。 “it”并无实际意义。It之后的谓语部分，可以是be+形容词，be+名词（词组），或be+过去分词等。

1．不定式做真正主语

例句1：If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. ( Text1)

【结构分析】本句包含由and连接两个并列分句。第一个分句主干为you will be in a position，不定式to know the experiences and problems 做定语，修饰position，其中which引导定语从句，修饰the experiences and problems。第二个分句为it’ll be appropriate for you to …，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式to make a passing remark about…。

【参考译文】如果你是你谈话听众中的一员，你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题，而且你也可对餐厅极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。

例句2：Just as on smoking，voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure。( Text2)

【结构分析】本句的主干是voices come from…，现在分词短语insisting…作voice的后置定语，insiste后接两个 that引导的宾语从句，分别为that the science about global warming is incomplete和that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure，第二个that从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语由不定式短语充当，until we know for sure为时间状语从句。

【参考译文】就像吸烟问题一样，来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球气候变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断地排放气体。

2．主语从句做句子真正主语

主语从句做句子真正主语，其结构组成一般是“形式主语it +谓语+ 关系连词+从句”。

例句1：Further more，it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. (-72)

【结构分析】本句主干为it is obvious that…，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语为and连接的两个that引导的名词性从句that the strength of a country’s economy is…和that this in turn rests…。第一个主语从句中，代词its指代 country’s;第二个主语从句中，this指代 efficiency of its agriculture and industry。

【参考译文】再者，显而易见的'是一个国家的经济实力与其工业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

例句2：It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers。(Text2)

【结构分析】本句中It为形式主语，真正主语是其后how引导的主语从句，how the capacity suits one to answer questions，两个不定式结构to…作capacity的后置定语， questions后面的that引导定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。

【参考译文】人们非常不清楚的是：(智商考试)这种在心里想象物体的形状或数字模式的能力，怎么能回答一些已经困惑了最优秀的诗人和哲学家多年的问题呢?

3. 动名词做真正主语

这类句子常见结构为It's ＋n.(名词或名词短语)/adj.(形容词)＋ doing sth.。

1)下列形容词后常用动名词作真正主语：nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile等。例如：

It is nice talking to you. 跟你交谈真是愉快。

2)下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语：use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等。例如：

It's a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的。

It's no good /use doing that. 那样做没好处(没用)。

二、it作形式宾语

不定式、动名词或从句在句中做宾语时，由于该宾语成分过长，为保持句子平衡，常使用it做形式宾语，将真正宾语置于句后。这时，it也无实际意义。这种情况通常只用于能带以名词或形容词作宾语补语的动词后面，比如think，make，find，consider，feel，suppose等。

例句1：The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary。(2005完形)

【结构分析】本句的主干为主系表结构The explanation…seems to be…，表语部分由that引导的表语从句充当。在此从句中，使用了find it +adj.+to do 结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语由不定式短语充当。but并列了the brain后的两个谓语finds it inefficient to keep…和 can create new receptors if necessary。

【参考译文】对气味的不敏感似乎可以这样解释，大脑发现让所有的气味感觉器官一直工作效率会很低，但在需要的时候仍可以创造新的感觉器官。

篇2：形式动词及其宾语

形式动词及其宾语

本文对所谓的形式动词的带宾情况进行了考察,考察的结果并不支持很多已有文献的.结论,“形式动词”不是“只能带动词宾语的动词”.形式动词的名称既不准确,又有歧解.目前通用的词类分类的方法是一种典型分布分类法,文章提出可以采用语法区别性特征的方法来对语法单位的语法属性进行全面而准确的刻画.

作者：刘云峰作者单位：西南民族大学彝学院,四川,成都,610041;上海师范大学对外汉语学院,上海,200234 刊名：西南民族大学学报（人文社科版） PKU CSSCI英文刊名：JOURNAL OF SOUTHWEST UNIVERSITY FOR NATIONALITIES(HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES) 年，卷(期)：2005 26(5) 分类号：H14 关键词：形式动词宾语典型分类语法区别性特征

篇3：It作形式宾语

代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句

He found it difficult to stop smoking

I think it best that you should do more exercise.

She thought it no good worrying about him

1.It 用作形式宾语

当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it只起引导作用，无意义。

篇4：It作形式宾语

代替不定式、动词-ing短语、或从句。

It is amazing that at my age I am still fit .

It is easy to become addicted to smoking .

it is no good crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)

2. It 用作形式主语

当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。

1. It+ be +adj.+主语从句

这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。

It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.

注意：如若形容词为 important / necessary， good/wrong natural...表达一种要求，命令或者责备时，多使用虚拟语气（should +V).但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。不过考试建议你还是多用虚拟语气

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words

2. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，

这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，如：

It is reported that 16 people w第一文库网ere killed in the earthquake.

It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.

It is said that he has come to Beijing.

注意：如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词如：suggested/ ordered / demanded /insisted / commanded... 等时 that 后的从句要用虚拟语（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；

常译为，“据建议；有命令．．．）

It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.

It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.

3. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句

这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：

It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.

It remains a question whether he will come or not.

注意：如若表示出乎意料之意时,从句一般用虚拟语气常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class

4. It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句

这类不及物动词有：appear,seem happen，matter等。译为好像……/碰巧……/如：

? It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.

? It happened that I was out when he called.

5. It + be + 形容词 + （for sb.）+ 动词不定式

这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，译为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”如： It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.

It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.

6. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式

如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：

? It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.

=You are kind to help me.

? It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.

=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.

7. It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如：

It is not a good habit to stay up too late.

8. It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，

这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of…, useless, senseless等，如： It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.

It is no use arguing about the matter with him.

9. It + take ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，译为，做某事花了某人多长时间或多少钱。如：

It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.

It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.

实战练习

1. In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. ( 上海)

A. this B. that C. there D. it

a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET1995)

A. There B. This C. That D. It

3. Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88)

A. everyone B. this C. her D. it

4. _____ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.

A. It B. I C. We D. They

5. It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.

A. to go B. to be going C. going D. having gone

6. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)

A. this B. that C. it D. he

7. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91)

A. this B. that C. he D. it

8、(,全国Ⅱ) It is no __ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.

A. use B. help C. time D. way

9.(,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “__ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.

A、This is B、There is

C、That is D、It is

篇5：It作形式宾语

… …

find possible

1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause.

feel important

a rule

2. S+ V + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause

an honour

…

3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth。

no use

完成句子

1） They ________________（发觉……难） to finish their work in two days.

（2） We ________________（认为……是我们的职责） to clean our classroom every day.

（3） It is important _______（对她来说） to come to the party.

作形式宾语( Preparatory Subject )

为了记忆方便我们把该句型总结为“6123结构”。

6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel；

1指的是形式宾语it；

2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；

3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或从句。 1.The fact that she was foreign made ____difficult for her to get a job in that country .(.辽宁）

A. So B. much C. that D. it

2. The doctor thought ____would be good for to have a holiday .（2010.全国II)

A. this B .that C . one D . It

3. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90)

A. this B. that C. its D. it

4.It 作形式宾语的`特殊用法

1>. 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate

等后往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.

We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favour.

要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。

I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.

要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。

2>.某些含有介词的动词短语如see to, depend on, answer for, rely on, insist on, look

to, stick to 等结构中往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句. I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.

我将负责按时做好一切准备。

You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。)

I’m counting on it that you will come. 我指望着你会来。

1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004)

A. this B. that C. it D. one

2. I hate __when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98)

A. it B. that C. these D. them

篇6：考研英语主语宾语结构解析

考研英语主语宾语结构解析

1. It is + adjective/ noun + clause

注意：先翻从句部分，再翻形容词/名词部分。

a. So it is quite sad when divorces come with small provocations, when parents and children give up on one another, when friendships falter at the first injury, for thus we forfeit a great work of art――the long love。

b. It is thus no exaggeration that Americans have taken to mechanical cooling avidly and greedily。

c. As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions。

2. It is + adjective + infinitive to

注意：先翻不定式部分，再翻形容词部分。

a. It is extremely wasteful to give years of training at public expense only to have the qualified teacher or nurse marry after a year of two and be lost forever to her profession。

b. It is essential for modern men to master one or two foreign languages。

c. It is difficult for us to over-praise the book。

3. It is + past participle + that-clause

注意：先翻过去分词部分，再翻从句部分。

a. It is reported that Sadam Hussein was betrayed by his janissary。

b. It is said that

c. It is believed that

d. It is rumored that

e. It is estimated that

f. It is known that

g. It is argued that

中国大学网

篇7：说一说“动词-ing形式”作主语和宾语的用法

南昌十九中宋焘

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、分词（现在分词、过去分词）。今天我们学习动名词（ the -ing form）作主语和宾语的用法。

同学们想一想动名词作主语和宾语相当于什么词呢？对，名词。

看下面几个例子,先判断句中的---ing 作什么成分。

1、We are thinking of buying a computer.

2、Reading such a book made me happy.

3、I like swimming very much.

4、There is a swimming pool in front of my house.

第一句：thinking 是动名词吗?No，是现在分词，我们暂时放一边。那么buying？它放在介词of 后，作介词宾语。

第二句：Reading such a book 是动名词短语作主语

第三句：swimming 作动词like 的宾语

第四句：同样是swimming, 但它放在名词pool 前，是宾语吗？No，是定语。

（动名词作定语、现在分词与动名词的区别，以后作详细介绍。）

比较上面几个句子后，相信同学们有了清晰的概念。具体用法总结如下：

1、动名词或动名词短语作主语，放在句首。

e.g. Learning a foreign language is very useful to everyone.

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.

2、动名词及其短语放在行为动词介词后，作宾语。

e.g. Have you finish doing your homework ? (动词宾语)

He is not good at making friends. (介词宾语)

注意事项：

1、动名词作主语表单数概念，谓语动词用单数形式。

e.g: Walking after supper is good for your health.

2. 动名词作动词宾语，往往是一些固定搭配，常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, practise, deny, consider, suggest, admit, put off, insist on等。

3、动名词的复合结构作主语和宾语

什么是动名词的复合结构？指物主代词、名词所有格是动名词逻辑上的主语、动名词是其逻辑上的谓语。

(1)动名词复合结构作主语

e.g. Your coming made us happy.

Your father’s cooking is very good.

(2) 动名词的复合结构作宾语

e.g. Do you mind my smoking ?

My friend insisted on my staying here.

动名词的复合结构作一般掌握，重点在前面。

篇8：考研英语主语从句中形式主语的翻译技巧

考研英语主语从句中形式主语的翻译技巧

对于翻译题目，一般同学都会采取放弃态度，但是需要知道，实现英语成绩的逆袭，大家应该至少从暑期开始锤炼翻译能力，虽说翻译句式结构较为复杂，需要扎实的语法基础，但是一些必要技巧也是可以帮助你出色完成翻译，今天就谈谈主语的翻译。

即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子，引导主语从句的连词主要有：

从属代词：that whether

连接代词：who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever

连接副词：when where how why

它们的特点是：1、疑问词有本身的词义;2、疑问词在从句中担当句子成分;3、这种疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。

形式主语的翻译是主语部分翻译常考点。我们可以分成两类：it形式主语+主语从句的翻译技巧和it形式主语+不定式翻译技巧。要使译文准确、流畅，需要掌握主语从句、不定式作真正主语的不同处理办法。

1、it形式主语+主语从句的翻译技巧

1)例46题：It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience…

这里主句的谓语是被动语态，一般转译为主动语态。根据具体语境，补充出主语“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等，主语从句译作宾语

译文：我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生经验方面的作用…...

以下这些结构我们也可以使用这个技巧：it is asserted that…有人主张;it is believed that…有人认为;it is generally considered that…大家普遍认为;it is well known that 众所周知等

2)真题It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history.

主语从句较长时，译文以从句内容开始，将主句译文置于从句译文之后，并在主句译文之前加“这”以照应从句内容。

译文：谈论大众媒体在欧洲历史上具有无比重要意义的'阶段中所起的作用，这并非易事。

2、it形式主语+不定式翻译技巧

1) 按语序顺序译成无主语的句子。

47题Here， Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that…这里，达尔文学似乎做出了证明，因为如果人类有共同的起源，那么似乎有理由认为…

2050题in dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say…在应付如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说……

2) 顺译之后，再根据不定式中的动词，补充出不定式的逻辑主语，作为汉语句子的主语。

2048题 it is easy to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition. 我们很容易忽略自己的行为对他们的性情产生的影响。(此处我们是ignore 的逻辑主语，补出来更地道)

3)调整语序，将实际主语恢复到主语位置进行翻译。

如：it was pretty hard to bring up the child on his own.恢复正常句式：to bring up the child on his own was pretty hard.独自一人养大孩子十分不易。

总结来看，分成这么几种情况，就是为了使我们的译文更符合中文习惯，所以宏观上来说以下三步骤能够做好翻译。第一步，以成分为单位，将英语传达的含义用合适的汉语表达出来，第二步：将各成分的译文按中文的语序组合起来;第三布，对译文进行核对和润色：删除重复表述，补上原译中遗漏的内容，改正其中的错误或不正确之处。

篇9：形式主语从句句型摘抄

形式主语从句句型摘抄

形式主语从句是雅思写作中非常常用的一种句型。我们先来看一下它是如何构成的。(That + 一个完整的句子可做主语)。比如说：(That education is important) is clear.这就是主语从句的基本形式。但如果句子要是这样，主语过长。所以，我们习惯于用it来代替原来的主语。而把原来的.主语放在句子的最后。这句话可改为：It is clear that education is important.这就叫做形式主语从句。

以下的形式主语从句句型在雅思写作中都常常用到。希望大家能认真掌握，灵活使用。

1 It is often the case that

2 It’s a fact that

3 It seems that

4 It’s said that

5 It’s reported that

6 It’s believed that

7 It’s universally accepted that

8 It’s announced that

9 It’s estimated that

10 It must be admitted that

11 It’s obvious that