这次小编给大家整理了NSEFC 高一 Unit 17 famous women，本文共8篇，供大家阅读参考，也相信能帮助到您。本文原稿由网友“她有她未来”提供。
篇1：NSEFC 高一同步辅导unit17
高一英语课外辅导资料 Unit 17 Famous women
本单元重点单词
inspire vt. 激励 explain v. 解释 admire v. 羡慕
smart adj. 机灵的；时髦的 cheerful adj. 高兴的 general adj. 大致的；总的
hard-working adj. 努力的 weak adj. 软弱的；不强壮的 stupid adj. 愚蠢的
dishonest adj. 不诚实的 mean v.＆n. 意味着；方式 tense v 紧张
miserable adj. 可怕的 singer n. 歌手 actress n. 女演员
champion n. 冠军 alone adj. 单独的 penguin n. 企鹅
Antarctica n. 南极洲 challenge n. 挑战 increase v. 增长
Howling adj. 极端的；嚎叫的 optimistic adj. 乐观主义的 climate n. 气候
experience n. 经验；经历 individual adj. 一个人的 bother v. 麻烦
literature n. 文学 skip v. 跳跃 discipline n. 纪律
career n. 履历；生涯
本单元重点词组
in high position 地位很高 the South Pole南极 the North Pole北极
polar bear北极熊 at the opposite end of 在……对面 pull one’s sled 拉雪橇
be about to (do ) 正要（做） be just around the corner 就在附近，即将来临
fall into 掉入 in good health 健康状况良好
stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好 solo travel独自旅行
blow away 吹跑；刮走 knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒 refer to 所指；参考
rise to fame 名声大振 the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人 so far 到目前为止
in history 在历史上 fight for chances 设法寻找机会
best of luck to you 祝你好运 without a strong plan 没有详细的计划
always be the very best 总是做到最好 share with与……分享
单词及短语运用
一、用所给单词提示填空
1、inspire /inspiring/ inspired./inspiration
A、他的行为极大地激励了他的同学。His deeds greatly____________ his schoolmates
B、演讲者的话很具有感召力。The speaker’s words were ________________.
C、受到鼓舞的士兵将帽子抛向空中，大声喊着：“共和国万岁！”
The _________ soldiers threw their caps into the air, shouting，“Long live the Republic!”
D、这个“座右铭”对于我们许多人来说是一种激励。The motto is an __________ to many of us.
2、mean
A..你那样说是什么意思？What do you___________by saying that?.
B. 我会尽一切努力来帮助你。I will try every_____________to help you.
C. 她的丈夫对钱相当吝啬。Her husband is rather __________ over money.
3、increase/ increasing
A. 她的缺席增加了我们做这次试验的难度。
Her absence ____________our difficulty in doing the experiment.
B.我班学生人数已经增长到了58位。The number of the students in my class has _________ 58.
C. 不断增长的交通问题一直在困扰着市民。
The ____________ traffic problems are troubling the city people.
4. threaten
A. 老板威胁露西，如果她不服从，就要开除她。
The boss ________________ dismiss Lucy if she didn’t obey him.
B. 秘书收到一封信，信中扬言要谋杀经理。
The secretary received a letter ,_______________ murder the manager.
5. support
A. 我们坚决支持他们为人权而进行的斗争。We firmly _______their struggle for human rights.
B. 鲸没有结实的骨骼在陆地上支撑其沉重的身体。
Whales have no strong bones ______________ their heavy bodies on land.
C. 他要养活一家子人。He has a large family ________________.
6. affect
A.父母亲的言行对小孩的影响极大。Parents’ words and deeds _________ their children a lot.
B. 同学们被她的事迹深深地感动了。The students were much ____________ her story.
C. 他的伤口受到严重的感染。His wound was ____________badly.
7. lie down 躺下
做完所有的家务后，她躺在床上休息了。Having done all the housework, she _________ in bed.
8. make a decision 做出决定
例1：他终于做出决定要放弃计划。Finally he _______________ that he would give up the plan.
例2：应当鼓励孩子自己去做出决定。Children should be encouraged _____________________.
9. go down（太阳）落山; （价格）跌落; （指海洋、风暴）平衡；平息
A. 当太阳落山时，整个农场看起来更美了。
When the sun is _____________, the whole farm looks more beautiful.
B. 牛肉的价格终于下降了。The price of beef has _____________ finally.
C.波涛汹涌的海面总算平静下来了。The rough sea finally ______________.
10. refer to所指；谈及；提及；参考；咨询；把……归于；将……提交
A.你刚才谈到的那个男生是我的同桌。The boy you ______________ is my seatmate.
B. 在写那篇论文时，他参考了其他一些书籍。
While he was writing the essay, he ______________ some other books.
C. 他认为自己的成功应归功于自己的教练。He ________________________ his trainer.
D. 该项争议已提交联合国处理。The dispute _____________________ the United Nations.
11、be around the corner 在这里是一种习惯用法，表示“即将来临”。
A. 我们的期末测试即将来临。Our final test is __________________.
B、邮局就在转角处。The post office is just ___________________.
12. find oneself经常表示一种“（无意间）意识、发现……”
在黑暗中走了约一个小时后，突然间我们发现自己又来到了同一座山的山脚下。
After walking in the dark for about an hour, we _______ right at the foot of the same mountain.
二、语法精讲：语法精讲-----主语和谓语的一致：
1.谓语动词在数上必须与主语保持一致。
例1：The answer to this question is very simple. 这个问题的答案十分简单。
例2：The details of this story are easy for you to remember. 这个故事的细节你很容易记。
例3：Such was Einstein, the great scientist. 伟大的科学家爱因斯坦就是如此。
例4：Such are my parents, kind and strict. 这就是我的父母亲，既慈祥又严格。
例5：Between the two countries lie five big lakes. 两国之间有五个大湖。
例6：Around the corner came a car. 一辆汽车从拐角处开了过来。
2.当主语表达一个抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数表示。
例1：To answer such a question is really difficult. 回答这样一个问题真难。
例2：Playing basketball is good for your health. 打篮球对你的健康有益。
例3：That our teacher is going to leave us makes us disappointed.
3.当两个或多个名词用and并列连接的时候，谓语动词一段要用复数形式。
例1：A pen and a pencil are in my pencil-box.我的文具盒里有一支钢笔和一支铅笔。
例2：To increase the production and to reduce the cost are very important to us.
但如果两个或几个名词指的是同一事物或人时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例1：The teacher and writer is respected by all the people.
那位既是教师又是作家的人受到大家的尊敬。
例2：Ploughing the field and sowing seeds is the first thing we should do right now.
耕地播种是我们现在该做的头一件事。
4.如果主语是单数，后面跟有as well as, with, like, except, but, besides等引起的短语时，谓语动词仍然用单数形式；也就是说，介词短语不能被看作主语的一部分。
例1：Everyone except Micky is in the classroom.除了米奇以外，其他人都在教室里。
例2：Frank as well as Green and Sandy has been to Beijing.弗兰克、格林和桑迪都到过北京。
例3：Ann with her son and her daughter was in New York last Christmas.
例4：French besides English and German is taught in our school.
例5：Charlie, like all his friends, is fond of music.查理和他所有的朋友一样，喜欢音乐。
5.each和由some, any, no, every构成的合成词，都作单数看待。
例1：Each of them has got a PC.他们每人都有一台个人电脑。
例2：Someone is calling for you on the phone.有人打电话找你。
例3：Nothing is to be done.什么也没法做。
6.what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，由语义决定。
例1：Which is your book? 哪本是你们的书？
例2：Which are your books? 哪些是你的书？
例3：Here is some more paper.这里还有一些纸。
例4：Here are some more pens.这里还有一些笔。
例5：Are any of you doctors? 你们中有人是医生吗？
例6：Is any of you from Shenzhen?你们中有人来自深圳吗？
例7：Those who are against the plan can leave.反对这项计划的人可以离开。
例8：Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。
7.none可作复数看待，也可作单数看待；但作复数看待时多，主要看说话人的看法。另外，none of后面若接不可数名词，只能视为单数。
例1：She looked for some cake, but there was none left.她找些蛋糕，但蛋糕一点也没剩下。
例2：None of this money is mine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。
例3：None of them have come back yet.他们中谁也没来。
例4：They say they like it, but none of them has gone to the cinema.
8.neither和either作主语时，通常作单数看待。
例1：Neither of them was from Australia.他们俩都不是来自澳大利亚。
例2：Either of the boys likes singing.这两个男孩都喜欢唱歌。
9.people（人们），police（警察），cattle（牛群），crowd（人群）等词是集体名词，一般为复数概念。
例1：The cattle have eaten up all the grass here and have to move to another place.
例2：The police keep the city in good order.警察维护了这座城市的良好秩序。
例3：People in this village are living a rich life.这个村子里的人生活很富裕。
10.class,family,school等词可以被看作复数概念，也可以被看作单数概念，取决于说话人的语义。
例1：Our class is Class 3.我们班是第三班。（单数）
例2：Our class are playing on the playground.我们班全体同学都在操场上玩。（复数）
例3：His family is a very big one.他的家庭是个大家庭。（单数）
例4：The family are at table now.这家人正在吃饭。（复数）
11.表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价值等的名词尽管是复数名词，但如果用于表达一个整体概念，应作为单数看待。
例1：Three thousand kilometers is a long distance.3000公里是段很长的距离。
例2：Two months is long enough.两个月的时间够长了。
例3：Thirty tons of steel has been shipped to their factory.30吨钢材已经运到了他们工厂。
12.以下是几种谓语动词与邻近主语一致的情况。
1）由neither … nor …或either … or …连接两个主语时，谓语动词与跟它最邻近的主语一致。
例如：Neither you nor your brother has been there.你和你弟弟都没去过那里。
Is either Tom or his brothers to answer for this?汤姆或是他的兄弟们要对这事负责吗？
2）句子由there, here和where引起，而主语不止一个时，谓语也通常跟它与最邻近的主语一致。
例如：There is a book and two letters in the bag.包里有一本书和两封信。
Here comes an old lady and two girls.走过来了一位老太太和两位姑娘。
Where is your wife and children when you stay here?
There are one or two cases like that.有一两个这类情况。
Here are my passport and papers.这里是我的护照和文件。
13.如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时，根据意义一致的原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
例1：In our country, the old are taken good care of.
例2：After the battle, the wounded were taken to a hospital.
例3：The older of the two is Simon’s uncle.
例4：The dead, who was a stranger, was buried yesterday.
14.如果主语由this（a）kind of, this（a）sort of, this（a）type of后接名词构成时，谓语动词用单数。
例1：A kind of new dictionary is on sale in our book store.我们书店正在出售一种新词典。
例2：This sort of apples tastes sweet.这种苹果很甜。
例3：This type of cars is produced in our factory.这种型号的汽车是我们工厂生产的。
课堂练习
一、翻译句子：
1. 另一场具有挑战和危险的旅程即将开始。
2. 我要把工作时间延长到12小时。
3. 我明白必须把帐篷支起来避风，于是我挣扎着站了起来。
4. 我毫不后悔这样做了。
5. 我已经挺身面对了极限气候下单独旅行的挑战。
6. 这段经历令我终生难忘，珍惜一生。
7. 她的事业激励着许多人，让人们相信成功和幸福人人可得。
8. 艰苦奋斗和严守纪律是改善自我的途径。
9. 我一点也不在乎自己的长相。
10. 她帮助了成千上万个男男女女度过难关，摆脱了难以启齿的烦恼事情。
二、完成句子：
1、他大声地对她说：“我爱你！”
He said to her _______ _______ _________ ________ ________ _________, “I love you!”
2、劫机者威胁说若不满足他们的要求，就把乘客全杀死。
The hijackers _______ ______ ______ all the passengers if their demands were not met.
3、双方最后达成了协议。 The two sides finally _________ __________ ____________.
4、我正要离开，鲍勃把我叫住，送给了我一件礼物。
When I ___ _____ ____ leave, Bob stopped me and gave me a gift.
5、他苏醒过来后，发现自己躺在床上。 When he came to himself, he _____ ______ ________ in bed.
6、圣诞节快要到了，所以我这些天一直很忙。
Christmas is _________ ________ ________ _________, so I’ve been busy these days.
7、据说她是班上量优秀的学生。 ____ ___ ____ _______ she is the best student in her class.
8、到目前为止，我还没有去过北极。I haven’t been to the North Pole _________ __________.
9、他们已做出决定为妈妈庆祝八十大寿。
They ______ ______ _______ ________ to celebrate their mother’s 80th birthday.
10、我不知道她失业后会怎样。I don’t know what will _______ ____ her if she is out of work.
11、医生对病人说：“请躺下，别紧张。”The doctor said to the patient, “Please __ __ . Don’t be nervous.”
12、我的祖母虽然已经80多岁了，身体却很健康。My grandmother is ___ ___ ______, though she is over 80.
13、今年的庄稼好像毫无希望了。It seems the crops________ _______ _________ this year.
14、她很快就出名了。She ______ rapidly ______ -___________.
15、抱歉，史密斯先生，我得打扰您回答几个问题。
Excuse me, Mr Black, but I have to ___ you ___ a few questions.
三、单项填空
1.I______had time to thank him before he left.
A.almost B.hardly C.mostly D.nearly
2.I can’t believe that in______a rich country there are______many poor people.
A.such;so B.so;such C.such;such D.so;so
3.Don’t look______the designer only______she is a woman.
A.down on;because of B.upon down;because C.down upon;because D.down upon;because of
4.I saw some trees______leaves were black with disease.
A.which B.whose C.that D.of which
5.When he came to himself,he found himself______in bed.
A.lie B.lay C.laid D.lying
6.After the game,our team______changing clothes.
A.was B.were C.has been D.have been
7.Is this factory______you visited the other day?
A.which B.that C.the one D.where
8.-Is this raincoat yours? -No,mine______behind the door.
A.has hung B.is hanging C.hangs D.hang
9.I asked him______.
A.who does the house belong B.whom did the house belong to
C.whose house it was D.whose house was it
10.The plane crashed in the South Pacific,______all the passengers.
A.killing B.killed C.to kill D.and killing
11.The boy told me that his life was so______that he decided to leave his village.
A.generous B.miserable C.cheerful D.valuable
12.-How many monkeys did you see in the zoo? -______.
A.Nothing B.No one C.None D.Not much
13.I was about to go to bed______the telephone rang.
A.while B.when C.as D.until
14.This is the reason______he was set free.
A.which B.for why C.for which D.for that
15.Do you know the way______he worked out the problem?
A.in which B.on which C.with which D.by which
篇2：NSEFC 高一 同步辅导unit18
高一英语课外辅导资料 Unit 18 New Zealand
本单元重点单词
description n. 描述 region n. 地区 surround v. 环绕
climate n. 气候 subtropical n. 亚热带 volcano n. 火山
narrow adj. 狭窄的 sign v. & n. 签字；迹象 celebrate v. 庆祝
temperature n. 温度 symbol n. 象征 desert n. 沙漠
quality n. 质量
本单元重点短语
lie to 位于…… be made up of 由……组成 be surrounded by 被……环绕
be famous for 因……闻名 such as 例如 take possession of 拥有……
refer to 参考；所指 in relation to 与……有关 be marked with 标有……记号
compare…to…把……比作 stand for 代表 make up 占据空间
plenty of 大量；许多 be native to 原产于…… be careful in （在某方面）仔细
prepare for … 为……作准备
单词及短语运用
一、用所给单词提示填空
1．lie
【用法一】vi.平躺（不规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为lay，lain）
例如：lie on one's back/side仰/侧卧
【用法二】v. 展现，伸展
例如：A bright future lies ahead. 前途是光明的。
【用法三】v. 位于
例1：London _________ the River Thames. 伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。
例2：____________ a temple at the foot of the mountain. 山脚下有一座庙。
【用法四】v. & n. 说谎（规则动词）
例1：You ____________ him! 你在对他说谎！
例2：They said she ____________ everyone. 他们说她对任何人都说谎。
【相关链接】
1）lie down 躺下
例如：__________________________. 去躺一会儿。
2）lie in 在于
例如：The answer __________ two facts. 答案在于两个事实。
3）lie on 依赖，压迫，取决于
例如：It _____________ us to accomplish the task. 完成这项任务是我们的责任。
4）lie up 卧床休息
例如：You'd better ___________ for a few more days. 你最好再多休息几天。
5）lie有时后面跟形容词，表示所处状态。
例如：The book____________on the table. 那本书打开着，放在桌子上。
【相关链接2】
1）lay v. （laid，laid）放、搁；产卵、下蛋
例1：He _________the book on the table and left. 他把书放在桌上就走了。
例2：The hens ________ten eggs every day. 这些母鸡每天下十个蛋。
2）liar n. 撒谎者
例如：A liar is not believed when he tells the truth. 说惯假话的人说真话时也没有人会相信。
2．some
【用法一】adj. 一些，若干，几个（可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词）
例1：Please bring _____________ without sugar. 请来点儿不加糖的咖啡。
例2：Ask ___________ to help you. 叫几个男孩帮帮你。
【用法二】adj. （修饰单数名词）某个（人或物）= a certain
例1：There must be ________________. 准是出了什么差错。
例2：I suggested to Red that we should go to ________. 我向瑞得建议我们该去找个旅店。
【用法三】pron. 一些
例如：______________ can be cut each year for firewood. 一些树每年可以被砍作柴火。
【用法四】adv. 大约，与about同义
例如：It happened ____________________. 这件事大约发生在三十年前。
【相关链接1】
some more 再来一点，更多 Would you like_______________beer?
【相关链接2】
somebody/someone 某人，有人 something 某事，某物
sometimes 有时 somewhere 在某处
3．surprising
【用法】adj. 令人惊奇的
例1：What you have just told me is very _____________ 你刚才告诉我的事真让人吃惊。
例2：Is there ___________________________? I don't think so.
有关这事有什么让人吃惊的？我认为没有。
【相关链接】
surprising和surprised的区别：surprising和surprised都是由surprise派生来的形容词，但surprised是“吃惊的”，“感到惊奇的”。
例如：He didn't notice the surprised look on her face. 他没有注意到她脸上吃惊的表情。
4．majority
【用法】n. 大多数（常和the连用）
例如：The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the are.
注意：majority 作主语时，谓语动词可以是单数，也可以是复数，其反义词是minority。
5．share
【用法一】v. 合用，分享
例1：We _________ a small room between us. 我们俩共用一个小房间。
例2：She never shared any of her husband's worries. 她从不分担丈夫的任何忧愁。
【用法二】v. 分配，均分
例3：Mother is __________ the cakes to make sure that every boy gets some.
【用法二】n. 分得的一份，应承受的一份
例1：You have had _________________ of this apple-pie. 你吃的苹果派比你应得的分量多。
例2：You must ___________________________. 你必须接受批评。
【相关链接】
take one's share 尽自己的一份责任
6．ship
【用法一】n. 大船
例如：They are making a ship. 他们在造一艘大船。
【用法二】v. 用轮船运送
例如：我正乘飞机去美国，而我的汽车用船运到美国。
I'm flying to America but my car is being ___________.
【相关链接1】by ship 坐船 They went by ship to New York. 他们乘船去了纽约。
【相关链接2】warship 战船 spaceship宇宙飞船 steamship轮船
shipbuilding造船业 shipyard造船厂
（二）重要词组
1．make up
make up 创造，编造；和解；弥补；化装；构成
例1：The teacher asked the children to ___________ a poem about Christmas.
例2：玛丽和琼吵架，但过了一会儿就和好了。
Mary and Joan quarreled, but ___________ after a while.
例3：John must ____________ the lessons he missed.
例4：我们到的时候，演员们正在化装。The actors were ___________ when we arrived.
例5：九个运动员组成一个队。Nine players ______________ a team.
注意：用于被动结构时，和of连用。
例如：这是由三个不同的部分组成的。This __________________three different parts.
【相关链接】
1）be made of 由……制成（从成品中可看得出原料）
例如：这座桥是钢材造的。The bridge _____________________.
2）be made from 由……制成（从成品中看不出原料）
例如：钢材是由铁炼成的。Steel _______________ iron.
3）make up one's mind 打定主意，决定
例如：我决定到他那里去。I _________________________ to go to him.
4）make up for 弥补
例如：勤奋能补拙。Hard work can often __________________ a lack of intelligence.
5）be made up of 由……组成/构成
例如：这支流动医疗队由十位医生组成。The mobile medical team _________ of ten doctors.
7）be made into 被制成……
例如：玻璃制成瓶子。Glass _____________bottles.
8）be made in 在……地方制造
例如：你的车是上海产的吗？___________________________________?
2．the same…as 和……一样
例1：他和飞利普年龄差不多一样大。He was about __________________Philip.
例2：她和他的感觉一样。She felt __________________ he did.
【相关链接】
1）just the same 同样地，照样
例如：It won't make any difference to you. I'll pay for the lessons just the same.
对你不会有所不同，我还是照付功课钱。
2）the same to you 祝你也是如此
例如：Happy New Year! 新年快乐！
Thank you. The same to you! 谢谢！也祝你愉快！
3）all the same 尽管如此，仍然
例如：He gave us a lot of trouble, but I like him all the same.
尽管他给我们惹了很多麻烦，可我还是喜欢他。
4）at the same time 同时
例如：I know he is untruthful. But, at the same time, I must admit he is a good worker.
我知道他不诚实，但我同时必须承认他是个好工人。
3．be famous for 因……而著名
例如：苏格兰有许多湖泊和山脉，并以其乡村美景著称。
Scotland has many lakes and mountains, and ______________ its beautiful countryside.
【相关链接】
be famous as 作为……而著名
例如：She is famous as a writer. 她作为作家而闻名。
4．take possession of 夺取，占有，占领
例如：警察夺过那个小偷的袋子。The policeman took possession of the thief's bag.
【相关链接】
1）have possession of 占有，拥有
例如：He _______________________ the house for ten years.他占有这栋房子已经十年了。
2）in possession of 占有，拥有，持有
例如：Who ____________________ the property? 谁拥有这笔财产？
3）in one's possession = in the possession of sb. 在某人手中，由某人掌管，为某人所拥有
例如：The keys are_____________________. 钥匙归他管。
5．refer to
refer to 查阅，参阅；指……而言；适用于；提到，谈到
例1：A person _______ a dictionary to find the meaning of words. 一个人要查字典找字意。
例2：When I said some people were stupid I wasn't ______________ you.
例3：This rule ____________ everyone. 这条规则适用于任何人。
例4：The speaker ___________his past experiences. 发言人提到了自己过去的经历。
6．compare … with
compare…with 把……和……进行比较
例如：I compared the translation with the original. 我把译文和原文对照了一遍。
【相关链接】
compare … to … 把……比作
例如：The students compare their teachers to candles. 学生们把老师比作蜡烛。
7．stand for 代表；主张，提倡；（否定结构）容许，容忍
例1：What does NB ________________? NB代表什么？
例2：The teacher wouldn't ____________ such behavior. 老师不会容忍这样的行为。
8．take place 发生
例如：Great changes________________in the last two years. 最近两年发生了巨大的变化。
【相关链接】
1）take a/one's seat 坐下，就坐
例如：Come here and take a seat. 过来，坐下。
2）take it easy 别着急，别紧张
例如：We have time lift. _______________. 我们还有时间，别紧张。
3）take up 占用
例如：The box takes up _________________. 这个盒子太占地方。
4）take out 拿出
例如：He took out a photo and looked carefully. 他拿出张照片细看起来。
5）take away 拿走
例如：I'm not using the dictionary now; you may ___________.我现在不用字典，你可以拿走。
6）take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞
例1：You'd better take off your coat. 你最好脱掉外套。
例2：The flight takes off at 9 o'clock. 这班飞机九点钟起飞。
9．turn to 查阅；求助于；变成；转向
例1：They always________ me when they are in trouble. 他们一有困难就来找我。
例2：I have __________ all the well-known reference books for help.
例3：The snow soon turned to rain. 雪很快变成了雨。
例4：He turned to the study and practice of medicine. 他转向医学研究和实践。
【相关链接】
1）turn out/off 关掉（电灯、煤气等）
例如：He turned out the light and followed his wife upstairs. 他关掉灯跟着妻子上楼去了。
2）turn over 翻过来
例如：Turn over, or your back will get sunburnt. 翻过来，否则会晒伤你的背。
3）turn on 打开（开关等）
例如：He turned on his bath water. 他打开洗澡水。
4）turn down 把（声音）放低，关小
例如：He turned down the oil lamp. 他把油灯弄暗。
5）turn into 变成
例如：It turned into a fine day. 天变晴了。
10.prepare for 为……做准备（= get ready for ）
例如：Will you help me prepare for the party? 你能帮我准备晚会吗？
二、语法精讲：it的使用（1）--可以在句子中用作主语，起以下作用：
1．用来代替不定式、动名词短语或从句，在句子中作形式主语。
例1：It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it. 你真傻，还在为这件事着急。
例2：It's no use talking to him about it. 和他谈这事没有作。
例3：It is very likely that their group will get ahead f us. 很有可能他们小组会赶到我们前面。
2．用来指人、时间、日期、距离、环境或天气。
例1：-Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门？ -It's me. 是我。
例2：It's rather windy today. 今天风挺大。
例3：It was October. 时间是十月份。
例4：It is about a night's journey to the place by train. 到该地坐火车要一个晚上。
例5：It was very quiet at the moment. 此时很安静。
课堂练习
一、翻译
1、新西兰是澳大利亚东海岸外边的一个岛屿。
2、它（新西兰）由两个大岛组成，北岛和南岛。
3、新西兰北面和东面被太平洋包围，南面和西面则是塔斯曼海。
4、新西兰葡萄酒质量很高，行销全世界。
5、北岛是著名的温泉胜地，有些温泉的热水能高高地喷向半空。
6、在14左右，中国水手在一次环球航行中发现了这些岛屿。
7、120多年后，詹姆士 库克船长于1769年占领了这些岛。
8、新西兰是温和的海洋性气候，北部是亚热带气候。
9、新西兰大约有380万人口，其中大约14％是毛利人。
10、二十世纪八十年代中期，越来越多的亚洲人定居在新西兰，他们大约占众人口的6％。
二、完成句子
1、安徽省位于江苏省的西边，河北省的南面。
Anhui Province _______ ______ _______ _______ ____ Jiangsu, but to the south of Hebei.
2、我父亲出生在这个城市以西30公里处的一个小村庄。
My father was born in a small village, which ______ about____ ________ ________ _________ west of this city.
3、他们住在周围有高大树木的房子里。
They live in the house __________ ___________ tall trees.
4、这项工作很重要。
The work _______ ___________ __________ __________. = The work is very important.
5、他们计划到香港定居。
They plan to ___________ ________________ Hong Kong.
6、那个国家由十个州组成。
That country _______ _________ ________ ______ten states.
7、我们的城市有200万人口。
Our city _____ ______ __________ __________ 2,000,000.
8、PRC代表中华人民共和国。
PRC ________ ________ the People’s Republic of China.
9、在各项证件签字以前，你不能住进这房子。
You can’t ________ ________ ________ the house until all the papers have been signed.
10、5岁以下的小孩仅占总人口的20%。
Children below 5 years old _________ ________ only 20 percent of the total population.
三、改错：
1. Please compare this sentence to that one. _________
2. How much is the population of this city? _________
3. The majority of young people likes pop music. _________
4. China is about the same size that American. _________
5. The island lies on the northwest coast of Alaska. ________
6. The watch lied on the desk yesterday. _________
7. The machine is made of thousands of parts. ________
8. I was about to go out while the telephone rang. ________
9. Madam Curie was famous for the discover of radium. ________
10.That is important to master a foreign language. ________
11. Now is 6 o’clock. ________
12. Taiwan lies to the east of China. ________
四、单项填空
1.There______a tree in front of the house.
A.is used to B.is used being C.used to be D.used be
2.What you said is______me.Would you please explain it again?
A.over B.beyond C.on D.with
3.-How long has this bookshop been in business? -______1982.
A.After B.In C.From D.Since
4.All of us,______me,don’t want ourselves to be praised in public.
A.include B.to include C.including D.included
5.Weihai lies about 88 kilometers______.
A.east of Yantai B.to east of Yantai C.the east of Yantai D.Yantai east
6.As she______the newspaper,Granny______asleep.
A.read;was falling B.was reading;fell C.was reading;was falling D.read;fell
7.What do the letters“PRC”______?
A.stand by B.mean for C.refer by D.stand for
8.I hate all this travel;I want to get married and______.
A.turn down B.settle down C.take down D.settle up
9.In some parts of the world,tea______with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is served C.serves D.served
10.-Where do they live? -The nearest island______the south of the mainland.
A.from B.off C.on D.away
11.I’ve lost my notebook.That is______to me.
A.of great important B.of great importance C.very importance D.of very useful
12.After I had walked for six hours,______.
A.I had been tired out B.I’ll be tired out
C.I was tired out D.I would have been tired out
13.-Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she______.
A.promises B.promised C.will promise D.had promised
14.They______friends since they met in Shanghai.
A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned
15.Though______money,his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in
篇3：NSEFC 高一同步辅导unit15
高一英语课外辅导资料
高一下Unit 15 The necklace
本单元重点单词
scary adj. 可怕的，吓人的 mysterious adj. 神秘的，不可思议的
necklace n.项链 scene n. 场景；布景
recognize vt. vi. 认出；认识；承认 diamond n. 钻石；金刚石
government n.政府 ball n. 舞会
palace n. 宫；宫殿 jewellery n. （总称）珠宝
accept vt. 接受 invitation n. 邀请；请贴
franc n. 法郎 continue vi.继续
pretty adj. 漂亮的；俊俏的 happiness n.幸福；快乐
exactly adv.精确地 valuable adj.值钱的；贵重的
worth adj. 值……的 author n.作者
character n. 人物，角色；(汉)字 line n. (戏曲)台词
clone n.＆v. 克隆 dormitory n. 宿舍
本单元重点短语
fall asleep 人睡；睡着 a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜
a scary place 一个恐怖的地方 create a short play 编一个短剧
on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上 another normal day 又一个普通的日子
walk towards sb. 朝某人走去 look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大
ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳 only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间
for the past ten years 在过去的十年里 in a government office在一下政府部门
accept an invitation接受邀请 after all 毕竟
a man with a lot of money 有钱人 continue to do sth.继续做某事
cal on访问；拜访 bring out 取出；拿出
a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链 try it on试戴
look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美 look down 低头看
day and night 日日夜夜 pay off 还清
wear a new ring 戴新戒指 animal products 动物制品
play different roles扮演不同的角色 of one’s own某人自己的
take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风 rehearse a play排练话剧
单词及短语运用
一、用所给单词提示填空
1、before/ before long/ long before/ ago
A、他比我先到那里。He arrived there ___________ me.
B、犯人被带到法庭上。The prisoner was taken ___________the court.
C、我必须在回家这前做完工作。I must finish my work ___________________.
D、我没等多久他就来了。I had not waited long _________________.
E、我们要过很久才能见面。It will be long _________________
F、不久，他们就不必担心他们的欢迎鸡了。
_____________they didn’t have to worry about their chickens.
G、该项工作不久即将完成。The work will be finished_________________.
H、我们很久以前就听说过那事了。We heard of it ___________________.
I、我来这里很久以前就听说过他。I had heard of him long before I came here.
J、我三天以前见过他。I met him ______________.
2、scary /mysterious
A、那位老人昨晚给我们讲了一个吓人的故事。
The old man told us______________ yesterday eve-ning.
B、科学家们正努力地探索着神秘的宇宙。
Scientists are working hard to probe into ___________.
3、recognize / be recognized as
A. 在机场接他时，我几乎认不出他来了。I _______________ him I met him at the airport.
B. 我们承认你们的政府是你们国家唯一的合法政府。
We _________________________________ the sole legal government of your country.
C. 我意识到他是我们最好的工人。I _________ that he is the best worker we have.
D、我希望你能够认识到自己对祖国的责任。
I hope that you can ________________________ your country.
E、那个人被认出是昨天在商店里偷钱的人
The man ______________________ the one who stole the money from the store yesterday.
4、accept /receive
A. 她接受我们邀请来吃晚饭She _____________________ dinner
B. 他高兴地接受了那所学校任教的请求。. He gladly ______________ to teach at the school.
C. 我收到他的邀请但我没有接受。I_________his invitation but I didn’t ________it
5、continue to do sth. = continue doing sth./go on to do sth == go on doing sth
A. 研究人员继续验证这一假说。The researchers continued ____________ this hy-pothesis.
B. 每天我们都继续学习到晚上11点种。.We _______________ until 11 every evening.
C.做完作业后我接着复习我的功课。After I finished my homework,I___________________.
6、worth /worthwhile
A. 这几件家具共值一千元These pieces of furniture __________ a total of one thousand dollars.
B. 只有头几页值得一读。Only the first few pages ___________________.
C. 直到他死后一百年，人们才认识到这项发现的价值。
________________ was not realized until a hundred years after his death.
D、把它扔掉，这东西毫无用处。Throw it away. It’s quite _______________.
E、做了一些值得进行的研究。Some _________ researches have been made
7、fall asleep /fall back/fall behind /fall in love (with sb.)/fall (get) into trouble (difficulty) /fall (come) to pieces /fall into a habit
A. 他很早就上床了，但无法入睡。He went to bed early but _________________________
B. 在敌人面前我们不能退却。We must not ____________ before the enemy.
C、为了不落后，我必须努力学习。I must work hard _________________________.
D、他们于在国外时恋爱了They __________ each other when they were a-broad in
E、在那些日子里，他们经常陷入困境。In those years, they often _______________.
F、那座古庙在地震中坍塌了。The old temple __________________ in the earthquake.
G、他在农村养成了抽烟的习惯。When he was in the country, he _______________________.
8、after all /at all /all in all /all along /all but /all over
A. 我知道他尚未完成工作，不过，别忘了，他是个大忙人。
I know he hasn’t finished his work, but, ____________, he is a very busy man..
B. 我一点也不喜欢看电视。I don’t like watching TV ___________.
C. 我是从王老师那里得知这一消息的。I _______________ Mr. Wang.
D. 总起来说，我们玩得很愉快。_____________ we had a good time.
E、我自始至终都知道那件事。I knew that ____________.
F、他们把门全部漆成了绿色。They painted the door green _______________
9、call on /call at /call for
A. 我们明天能拜访玛丽。We can __________ Mary tomorrow.
B. 我们昨天在校长办公室拜访了校长。We __________ our headmaster ______ his office.
C. 明天早上九点我来叫你。I’ll ____________ you at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.
D. 这项工作需要很大的耐心This job__________great patience.
10、pay off /pay back /pay for
A. 他们花了六年时间才还清那件判决所定的债务。It took them six years to ________ the debts.
B. 我将怎样报答你的一切好意呢？How can I ______________ for all your kindness?
C. 他将得为他的粗心而自食其果。He will have to _________________
11、I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you..
【解析1】当主句的谓语动词为think, expect, suppose, be-lieve, imagine等词的否定时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
A、我认为你不对。________________________________.
B、我想我九点以前是回不来了。____________________________________________.
【解析2】另外，还要注意以上这类句子反意问句的构成。当句子的主语为第一人称时，后面的问句根据从句来定，如果主句的主语为第一人称以外的人称时，则随主句而定。
A、我想今天下午不会雨，是吗？We don’t think it will rain this afternoon, __________?
B、我认为他们不会来了，是吗？I don’t think they will come,___________?
12、I was the only person in my office who was invited. I’ve written to accept the invitation.
【解析1】句中的who was invited是分隔定语从句，修饰名词person,被介词短语in my office隔开了。在英语中如果一个名词带了几个定语时，常常按照定语的长短来排列顺序，一般是长的定语放在短的定语的后面。
例1：Do you remember one afternoon afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a neck-lace of yours?
十年前的一个下午，我到你家借了一条项链，你还记得吗？
例2：Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chem.-istry lab. 卡尔仍然记和一年级时教授带学生们到化学实验室去的那个下午的情景。
例3：The days are gone when we suffered so much. 我们以前受苦的日子一去不复返了。
13、And a new dress costs over four hundred francs.
【解析1】句中的dress意为“礼服”，作为外出酬时穿的正式礼服。“晚礼服”是evening dress,“大礼服”是full dress。表示“服装”时是指男女服装的总称，尤指外衣，是不可数名词。用作可数名词时意为“女服（长连衣裙）”或“童装”。
例1：At the evening party last night, Bill’s wife wore a beautiful evening dress.
在昨晚的晚会上，比尔的妻子穿了一件很漂亮的晚礼服。
例2：Our new English teacher doesn’t care much about dress. 我们的新英语老师不太注意衣着。
例3：Tom’s mother bought a blue dress last summer. 汤姆的妈妈去年夏天买了一条蓝色的连衣裙。
【解析2】cost译作“花费”时，其主语为物，句型是sth. costs sb. some money。英语中常见的表示“花费”的词还有spend,句型是sb. spends some money on sth. (in doing sth).; pay, 句型是sb. pays some money for sth.; take (多用于“花时间”)，句型是It takes sb. some time to do sth.
例1：The diamond necklace cost me dollars. 这条钻石项链花了我2000美金。
例2：His mother spent 200 yuan on a handbag. 他妈妈花了200元买了一个手提包。
例3：The family have to pay over 600 yuan for food ev-ery month. 这一家每月得花600多元来购买食品。
例4：It will take me about two hours to finish my math work this evening.
今晚我得花大约两小时来完数学作业。
二、语法精讲：情态动词（3）-must, can/could, may/might 的用法：
1. 情态动词must的每一个用法是表示说话人主观认为“必须”帮一件重要或紧要的事。
例1：You must clean your own boots. 你得擦你自己的靴子。
例2：I must be at the station at ten. My mother’s train will arrive.
我得十点钟赶到车站。我妈妈乘坐的火车要到了。
例3：-Must I be at home before ten? --我十点以前必须到家吗？
-No, you needn’t. --不，没必要。
2. 情态动词must的第二个用法是表示对目前发和的动作进行肯定推测，句型是must+v.。
注意：变否定句或疑句句时，要将must改为can。
例1：The light is still on. He must be at home. 灯还亮着，他肯定在家。
例2：Can he be in his office at the moment? 此刻他肯定在他的办公室吗？
例3：He can’t be at the school now. I saw him at home a moment ago.
他现在不可能在学校。我刚刚还看见他在家呢。
3. 情态动词must的第三个用法是表示对过去的动作进行肯定推测，句型是must have +P. P.
注意：变否定句或疑问句时，要将must改为can。
例1：I was told his mother was ill, so he must have gone to the hospital.
有人告诉过我他妈病了，所以他肯定去了医院。
例2：He couldn’t have done that because he was not there when that happened.
那事不可能是他所为，因为事情发生时也不在现场。
例3：-Can he have been told the bad new? --肯定有人告诉过他那个坏消息吗？
-No. Because he looked so happy.
4. 情态动词can可用来表示能力、可能性，惊异、不相信等；其它否定式can’t 表示“不可能”；过去式是could，表示能力、允许、可能性，还用来表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述意见。
例1：You can use my mobile phone now. 现在你可以用我的手机。
例2：He said that I could park here. 他说过我可以在这儿停车。
例3：-Could I smoke here? --我可以在这里抽烟吗？
-Yes, you can. (No, you can’t .) --是的，你可以。（不，你不可以。）
例4：Watching a football game can be exciting. 看足球寒可能会令人激动。
例5：You could borrow some jewelry from your friend Jenny, who is married to a rich man.
你或许可以跟你的朋友珍妮借一些珠宝，她嫁给了一个有钱人。
5. 情态动词may用来表示询问一件事可不可以做，或表示一件事或许会发生；过去式might表示过去可以做某事，过去或现在可能发生过的事，还可以用来表示允许现在做的事情，比较婉转客气。
例1：Do you have a friend who might lend you some jewelry? 你有一个可能借给你一些珠宝的朋友吗？
例2：You may go now. 你现在可以走了。
例3：May/might I use your ruler? 我可以用一下你的尺子吗？
例4：He may/might be at home at the moment. 他此刻可能/或许在家。
例5：They might have arrived. 他们或许已经到了。
课堂练习
一、完成句子：1、商店里有这么多种录音机以致她不知道选哪一只。
There were _______ many kinds of recorders in the shop ______ she didn’t know _____ ______ ______.
2、--她结婚了吗？--是的。去年她跟一个有钱人结婚了。
----Is she married? ----Yes, she married a man _______ ______ _____ ________ _________ last year.
3、实际上，它并没有那么好。It wasn’t _______ good, actually.
4、晚饭后他们的确看电视。They _____ watch TV after supper.
5、他们想出了一个解决问题的办法。They ________ ______ ______ _______ a solution to the problem.
6、因为多年的艰苦劳作，爱丽斯看上去比实际年龄老得多。
Alice looked _____ _____ than she was _____ _____ many years of hard work.
7、他买了一幢大房子，让他父母居住。He bought a big house for his parents ____ ______ _____.
8、玛丽和格林已经结婚30多年了。Mary _____ ______ _____ _____ Green for over thirty years.
9、被邀请参加我们的晚会，杰克逊逊先生非常高兴。
Mr. Jackson was very glad that he _______ _______ _____ our party.
10、这本书值得一读。The book is well _____ _______.= The book is well _____ _______ ______ ________.
11、我认为明天不会下雨。I _______ ______ it ______ _______to rain tomorrow.
12、我昨天没见他，他可能去了北京。I didn’t see him yesterday. He _______ ________ _____ to Beijing.
13、她在这个剧中演皇后这个角色。She _______ _______ _______ ______ the queen in the play.
二、单项填空
1.It wasn’t long______the rain stopped and the moon came out again.
A.when B.until C.before D.since
2.She was so angry at______he was doing______she walked out,and closed the door behind her.
A.that;that B.what;that C.what;as D.that;which
3.What he said______.
A.is sounded pleasant B.sounds friendly C.was sounded nicely D.sounded wonderfully
4.My uncle______until he was forty-five.
A.married B.was not marrying C.didn’t marry D.would marry
5.-______the sports meet might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.
A.I’ve been told B.I’ve told C.I’m told D.I told
6.-Have you moved into the house?-Not yet.The rooms______.
A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting
7.Nobody likes to______. A.laugh at B.make fun of C.be laughed at D.be made of fun
8.The director told us the new workshop______three years before,while the old one______in 1985.
A.had been built;was set up B.was built;was set up
C.had been built;had been set up D.was built;had been set up
9.The telephone______for five minutes before it______.
A.had been ringing;was answered B.had rung;answered
C.has rung;answers D.has been ringing;answers
10.Come early______you will see them. A.but B.or C.although D.and
11.We shouldn’t______our money and time doing that kind of useless things.
A.use B.waste C.take D.pay for
12.Yesterday I ______an invitation to a meeting,but I didn’t______it.
A.got;accepted B.accepted;receive C.received;accept D.accepted;get
13.-You should pay me 100 yuan for the camera______. -I shall pay you 80 yuan for it______.
A.at most;at least B.for the most;for the least C.at least;at most D.for least;for most
14.-How do you like the film? -Wonderful.It is______a second time.
A.worth being seen B.worth seeing C.worth to be seen D.worth to see
15.This old man can’t fall asleep______the outside so noisy. A.because of B.with C.because D.as
阅读理解
Sunday Papers
The Sunday paper in the USA is usually very thick. It has many advertisements and many different sections. The adults in the family like the front page, the editorial page, and the world news section. Many men also read the sports pages and the financial pages.
Most men don’t read the women’s pages, but the mother of the family usually does. The women’s pages have news about parties and marriages, and advice about food, health and clothes.
Most Sunday papers have comics, which children enjoy. Older people often read the death notices, which tell about the people who have died during the week.
Marx’s Study
From all parts of the world Party comrades came to Marx’s study for help and advice. When I saw him in his study the first time in France in 1865, Marx was working hard at the first volume of “Capital”. The room was on the first floor, its window facing the park. On one side of the window there were two tables with a lot of papers and newspapers. In the middle of the room, I saw a small writing-table and an armchair. Between the armchair and one of his bookshelves there was a sofa, on which Marx would sometimes lie down to rest.
I.Choose the right answer for each of the blanks
1. The Sunday paper in America is thick because _______.
A. it is written by a famous writer
B. it is very expensive
C. it has many advertisements and different sections in it
D. it is enjoyed by everyone in America
2. _______also like to read the sports pages and the financial pages.
A. Women B. Men C. Sudents D. Children
3. Children enjoy _______in the paper.
A. the death notice B. the women’s pages C. the front page D. comics
4. Party comrades came to Marx’s study for ________.
A. sightseeing B. help and advice
C. friendship C. the first volume of his “Capital”
5. In Marx’s study there was a(n) ________between the armchair and one of his bookshelves.
A. table B. writing-table C. armchair D. sofa
II. Complete the following sentences with proper words and expressions in this unit
1. You should follow your teacher’s ________(建议).
2. The book _______(躺) open on the table.
3. Their________（婚姻）is a happy one.
4. Aren’t you _________(成熟) enough to know that there are two sides to every issue?
5. New York is one of the most important _________（金融的）centres in the world.
6. They like _______(广告) which show women in office, planes and cars.
7. The _______(通知) on the door said that the library was closed.
8. Our office is ______ ______ ______ ______ (在第六层) of the building.
篇4：NSEFC 高一同步辅导unit16
高一英语课外辅导资料 Unit 16 Scientist at work
本单元重点单词
instructions n. 指令；指示 safety n. 安全 glove n. 手套
accident n. 事故 earring n. 耳环 flame n. 火焰
advantage n. 优点；优势 wheel n. 轮；方向盘 engine n.引擎，发动机
technology n. 技术 energy n. 能量 nuclear n.原子
space n. 太空；空间 economy n.经济 conduct n. 指导；处理；传导
lighting n. 闪电 realize vt. 认识；意识 attract vt. 吸引
condenser n. 电容器；聚光器 last vi. 持续 frame n. 框架
enough adj. 足够的 control n.& vt. 控制 fix v. 安装；确定
fasten vt. 扎（捆） charge n.& v. 负责；充电 cross n. 杂交；十字架
sharp adj. 尖锐的
本单元重点短语
in one’s opinion 在某人看来 a waste of … （某方面）的浪费
make use of 利用 be famous for … 因……而闻名
all over 遍及 make discoveries 发现
a number of 一些 a great deal of 大量；许多
fasten (tie)… to …把……扎（捆）到……上面 protect… from …保护……免受损害
take care 留神；小心 stop…from doing… 阻止……不……
tear down 拆掉 be in tears 含着泪花
end in 以……告终；结束 such as 如；例如
at least 至少;起码 find out 查清楚；弄明白
go against 与……对抗 be made up of 由……组成.
单词及短语运用
一、用所给单词提示填空
1、instruct / instruction / instructive
A、点击鼠标，你就会得到你所需要的指令。
Just click the mouse and you’ll get the ____________ you need.
B、给他们下达您的指示吧，他们会做好这项试验的。
Give them your ____________ and they’ll do the experiment well.
C、谁将指导他们做这项试验？Who’ll _________ them to do the experiment ?
D、这部电影既有教育意义，又有趣。The film is both _____________ and interesting
2、attract /attraction /attractive
A..她好漂亮的外衣吸引了很多目光。Her beautiful dress ____________ many eyes .
B. 月球对地球的吸引力造成了潮汐。The ___________ of the moon for earth causes the tides.
C. 电脑游戏对我父母亲没有什么吸引力。Computer games have little ________ for my parents .
3、last
A. 会议开了两个小时。The meeting _________ two hours.
B. 这对夫妇吵了好一阵子。The quarreling between the couple __________quite some time.
C. 他去年就去了那里。He went there __________year
D、谁若最后离去，应当关灯。Whoever leaves _________ should turn off the lights.
E、谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。He who laughs__________, laughs best.
4.enough
A. 我有足够的钱买一辆新自行车。I have _________________to buy a new bicycle.
B. 那个小男孩还不够高；他还摘不到树上的那个梨。
The little boy is not _____________________ the pear on the tree.
C. 关于这个问题说得已经够多了。______________________________ on this subject .
5.charge
A. 这个电瓶又要充电了。The battery __________________ again.
B. 那位修自行车的师傅让我付给他两元钱的修理费。The bicycle repairman ________________
C.―――谁负责这个项目? Who is ____________________the project?
-----这个项目由李教授负责。The project is _______________________Professor Lee.
6. in one’s opinion 在某人看来
我认为，我们应当让孩子学会操作电脑。
______________,we should let the children learn to operate computers.
7. make use of 利用
我们应该充分（很好地）利用我们有限的时间。We should _________________ our limited time .
8. a number of / numbers of……/ a good many /the number of / a great deal of/ a lot of
a number of 很多（后接可数名词）
numbers of…很多（后接可数名词）
a good many…很多（后接可数名词）
the number of ……的数目（谓语用单数）
a great deal of 许多（后接不可数名词）
a lot of 许多（后接可数和不可数名词）
A. 有很多学生在玩电脑游戏方面花的时间太多了。
_________________________________________________________________
B. 这些村的许多男子都上前线去了。__________men in the villages _______ gone to the front .
C. 你班学生人数是多少？___________ the number of the students in you class?
D. 在那山脚下有许多新房子。There are ________________ new houses at the foot of the hill.
E、这家工厂的人数量真多（少）。The number of the workers in the factory ________________.
F、他在那边发现了许多水。He found _________________ water over there.
9. protect …from … 保护……免受损害
为了不使羊群遭到暴风雪的袭击，他把羊群赶进了洞穴。
In order to __________ the sheep ______ the snowstorm, he drove them into the cave.
10. go against 与……相抗衡；抵触
我们绝不能违背大自然的规律，否则，我们将为此而遭到大自然的惩罚。
We mustn’t ____________ nature , or we’ll ___________ by it .
11、be made up of /be made of /be made from /make …into …
be made up of 由……组成
be made of 由……制成
be made from 由……（提炼）制成
make …into … 把……制成为……
A. 我们的班委会由七位学生组成。Our class committee _________________ seven students.
B、这个玩具汽车是木头做的。The toy car _________________wood.
C. 这种名酒是由稻谷和玉米酿制的。The famous wine ___________________ rice and corn.
D. 工人们把玻璃制成漂亮的花瓶。The workers ____________________________________ .
二、语法精讲：祈使句和构词法
1．学习表示给出“指令”的方式，即“祈使句”。
例1：Add some more sugar to my milk ,please.请再给我的牛奶加一点儿糖。
例2：Go and get today’s newspaper for me.去帮我买一份今天的报纸。
例3：Take care! There comes the car .当心！汽车来了。
例4：Be a good boy , Tom.听话（乖一点儿），汤姆。
2．学习“构词法”的几种常用形式。
例1：合成形容词
warm-hearted 热心肠的 stone-hearted 铁石心肠的
Chinese-designed 中国人设计的 Radio-equipped 装有无线电设备的
Poorly-dressed 衣衫褴褛的 Air-conditioned 有空调设备的
Peace-loving 爱好和平的
例2：合成名词
crossroad 十字路口 someone 某人
handbag 手提包 lookout 留意
takeoff 起飞 sightseeing 游览观光
by-product 副产品 get-together 联欢会
sun-bathing 日光浴 sleeping-pill 安眠药
例3：合成谓语
whitewash 粉刷 blacklist 列入黑名单 sleepwalk 梦游
例4：合成副词
warm-heartedly 热心地 forever 永远地 however 但是 moreover 而且
课堂练习
一、完成句子
1、带把伞可防晒。 Taking an umbrella will ________ _______ ________ ______ -______.
2、毫无疑问，他在说谎。______ _______ ______ _______ that he is lying.
3、意识到他一个人干不了这件事，他向我求助。
_______ ________ that he couldn’t do it himself, he asked me for help.
4、那位老师对全班的学生进行了数学测试。The teacher ________ the whole class ______ maths.
5、请你帮我选出一本杂志好吗？ Will you ________ _______ a magazine for me?
6、我们可以在大厅拍照吗？ ______ ______ ________ ______ take pictures in the hall?
7、请在咖啡中加点糖。Please ______ some sugar ____ the coffee.
8、妈妈开始做家务。Mother is _________ ______ ______ her housework.
9、什么也阻止不了我们到这里来。Nothing will __________ us _______ ________ here.
10、他没有勇气违背他父亲的意愿。 He has no courage ______ ______ _______ his father’s will.
11、穿上这件外套。它可以御寒。Put on this coat. It will _______ you ________ the cold.
12、这些酒瓶是用玻璃制造的。These wine bottles __________ glass.
13、这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。This kind of wine __________ grapes.
14、注意在实验开始之前把一切都准备好。
________ _______ that everything is prepared before the experiment begins.
15、每个队都有两次得分，比赛不分胜负。
Each team scored twice and the game_______ ______ ______ _______.
16、为什么学生在闻从瓶子里冒出来的气味时要小心？
Why should students _______ _______ ________ from bottle?
17、如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？
What ______ _____ ______ ______ when something gets into your eyes?
18、它实在太昂贵了。It is ______ ______ expensive.
19、它既快又干净，而且不产生噪音，就像飞机一样。
It’s fast and clean and it does not make any noise, _____ ______ ____.
20、那对经济（发展）有好处。It ______ ________ ________ the economy.
21、你使用的几乎每一种药都曾在动物身上试验过。
Almost every medicine you use ______ ______ ________ _______ animals.
22、线带电了。 The string ________ ______ _________.
23、在长线尽头系上一把钥匙。 _________ _______ _______ _______ the end of the long string.
24、我怀疑你的蔬菜有感觉的结论是否正确。
I _______ _______ your conclusion that vegetables have feeling is right.
25、如果富兰克林当时没那么小心，他就可能已经死于电击了。
If Franklin had less careful, he could easily have been killed by _____ ________ __________.
26、在雷电将来的时候，就可以放风筝了。
Fly the kite when a thunderstorm appears ______ _______ _______ _____.
二、单项填空
1.-You’ve won the football game.Congratulations! -______.
A.It’s nice of you to say so B.We are really lucky
C.No one else could do it D.Oh，not really
2.-I usually go there by train. -Why not______by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
3.-I’ve got some wonderful news. -Really？______.
A.I don’t believe so B.I believe not C.I can’t believe it D.I don’t believe it
4.They signed a petition(请愿书)______the workers’ demands.
A.in for B.in support of C.to go against D.in favor for
5.On Saturday afternoon,Mr Green went to the market,______some bananas and visited her cousin.
A.buying B.buy C.bought D.to buy
6.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.
A.inviting B.invited C.to be invited D.had been invited
7.Jim is the only one of the students who______on duty today.
A.was B.were C.are D.is
8.I wonder______.
A.how much does the watch cost B.how much the watch costed
C.how much did the watch cost D.how much the watch cost
9.______do you think will teach us math next term？
A.Whom B.Who C.What D.That
10.He asked me______I thought of the new film.
A.how B.what C.that D.which
11.I didn’t know______he had done with my dog.
A.where B.how C.that D.what
12.He wondered______I came here for that day.
A.why B.what C.how D.whether
13.The teacher asked me______the weather was like the next day.
A.how B.what C.× D.that
14.The baby______the apple on the table but he was too short to______it.
A.reached for;reach B.reached;reach for C.reached;reach D.reached for;reach for
15.I______up late but I______up early.
A.used to getting;am used to getting B.was used to get;used to get
C.used to get;am used to get D.used to get;am used to getting
篇5：NSEFC 高一同步辅导unit14
高一英语课外辅导资料
高一下Unit 14 Festivals
本单元重点单词
festival n. 节日 custom n. 风俗习惯
habit n.习惯 symbol n. 象征
describe v. 描述 favorite adj. 喜欢的
fight n. 战斗 crime n. 犯罪
allow vt. 允许 argument n. 争辩
celebrate v. 庆祝 major adj. 主要的
create vt. 创造 ancestor n. 古人；前辈
characteristic n. 特征 principle n. 原则
community n. 社区；团体 self-determination n自我作决定
solve vt. 解决 faith n. 真诚
lit v. 点燃（过去式） theme n. 主题
generation n. 一代人 salute v. 向……致敬
reminder n. 提醒 occasion n. 时机
fool vt. 愚弄；捉弄
本单元重点短语
compare with 与……进行比较 make others happy 使他人幸福快乐
learn about 了解 spend on 在……方面花费
so that 以便 speak for 为……说话
the spirit of ……的精神 commercial activities 商业活动
by giving away 以放弃……的方式 have got to 必须
instead of 替代 get out of the car 下车
get off 下车 take off one's hat 摘下礼帽
look into the eyes 直视（某人的）眼睛 shake hands with sb. 与某人握手
make friends with 与……交朋友 the living and the dead 生者和死者
the cycle of life 生命周期 play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人
单词及短语运用
一、用所给单词提示填空
1、describe/ description
A、警察要那位女士把她当时所见的一切描述一番。
The police asked the lady _________________ what she had seen.
B、那位领袖向那些工人们描绘了一幅美好未来的景象。
The leader of the workers ______________a bright future for the workers.
C、她如实地把自己美丽的村庄进行了一番描述。
She's given a vivid _____________ of her beautiful village.
D、那景致美得我难以形容
The scenery was beautiful beyond my ________________.
E、你能说出那抢劫犯的模样吗？Can you give a _____________of the robber？
2、favourite/favour /in sb.'s favour /do sb. a favour
A、她最喜欢的食物是鱼。 Her ______________ food is fish.
B、你最喜欢哪一门学科？ What's your ______________subject?
C、因为有了她的老板宠着，她总是摆出一副趾高气扬的样子。
With her boss's ____________, she's always putting her nose up.
D、老师不应当偏袒任何一个学生。A teacher should not _______any of his students.
E、形势对我们有利。The situation is in our ______________
F、先生，您能帮我一下吗？Could you do me a _____________, sir?
3、allow /argument /argue
A. 仅仅在星期天我的父母才同意我玩电脑游戏。
My parents ___________ me to play computer games only on Sundays.
B. 误解导致了这次争吵。The misunderstanding caused the ___________.
C. 我不想为这事再与你争了I don’t want to ______about it with you any more.
4、create /creation/creative
A. 大多数西方人信奉：上帝创造了世界。Most Westerners believe that God ______ the world.
B. 他的行为给人一种恶劣的印象。What he did has ________ a bad impression.
C. 她的作品真是一件了不起的艺术品Her work is really a great _______in arts.
D. 真是一个有创意的想法。That's a __________ idea.
5、character /characteristic
A. 这些就是这座古寺的特征。These are the _____________ of the old temple.
B. 他是一个性格果断的人。He is a man with determined ____________.
C. 体育运动有助于学生人格的形成。Sports are good for a student to build his ____________.
D. 《茶馆》中的主要人物都是谁啊？Who are the main _____________ in the Tea House?
E. 要一个外国人写中文字真会难死他。It's hard for a foreigner to write Chinese __________.
6、community /communist /communism/communication
A. 他是旧金山华人社区的负责人。He is head of the Chinese ____________ in San Francisco.
B.许多共产主义者为共产主义革命牺牲自己的生命了。
Many _________ lay down their lives during ___________ Revolution.
C. 如果你想能够与世界好好沟通的话，去学习使用电脑吧。
Learn to use the computer if you want to have good __________ with the world.
7、Compare A with B/compare A to B
A. 咱们将“圣诞节”与“春节”进行一番比较，好吗？
Let's _________ Christmas ______ the Spring Festival, shall we?
B.儿童常常被比作祖国的未来和希望
Children _______________________the hope and future of the country.
8、learn about /learn from sb./ learn…from sb/ learn of …./learn…by heart
A. 科学家们在设法更多地了解海洋。Scientists are trying to ___________________the ocean.
B. 我们应当向雷峰学习。We should ________________ Comrade Lei Feng.
C. 我是从王老师那里得知这一消息的。I _______________ Mr. Wang.
D. 我是在今天上午才得知他考试不及格。
I ______________ her failure in the examination this morning.
9、get together/ get along /get along with sb/.get along with sth./get away with sth. /get back
A. 我们全班同学会去我们原班主任家里聚会。
All of my classmates will __________________ in our former class adviser’s home.
B. 在圣诞节不给你送一件礼物，我真不知怎样度过这个节日。
I can hardly ______________Christmas without sending you a gift.
C. 这位新来的同学与我们大家相处甚好。The newcomer is ___________________ all of us.
D. 你的英语学习进展如何？How are you _____________________ your English studies?
E. 那经理携持巨款潜逃了。The manager has _______________ a large amount of money.
F. 他昨天从国外回来。He _____________from abroad yesterday.
G . 去把我的杂志取回来。Go and ______________ my magazine.
10、in common /believe in /believe /give away/ play tricks on sb./take in
A. 他们彼此毫无共同之处。They have nothing _________________ one another.
B. 在那个国家，越来越少的市民对政府存有信心。
Fewer and fewer citizens ________________ their government in the country.
C. 没有人相信他说的是真话。No one _____________ him （his words / what he said.）
D. 他把大部分钱都给了那些贫苦的村民。
He _________________ most of his money to the poor villagers.
E. 杰克喜欢捉弄他的同学。（杰克喜欢拿他的同学寻开心。）
Jack likes _____________________his classmates.
F. 去年我姐姐考上北大了。My sister was ______________ by Beijing University last year.
二、语法精讲：情态动词（2）--掌握must，have to，have got to 的基本用法：
1．表示必须要做或照办事。
例1：We must go and help her. 我们必须去帮她。
例2：You must do as you're told. 你必须照吩咐的办。
例3：Cars must not be parked in front of the entrance. 严禁在入口处停车。
特别提醒：
（1）在回答由must引起的问句时，若是否定的回答，要用needn't或don't have to （不必），而不能用mustn't（不许）。 例如：
Must I do it now? 我现在必须做这事吗？
No, you needn't. （=No, you don't have to.） 不，不必。
（2）出现过去时间概念时，常用had to; must较少用。
例如：My boss said on the phone I had to be in the office within ten minutes.
我的老板在电话中对我说，我必须在10分钟内赶回办公室。
2．表示一种较肯定的揣测（用于肯定句）。
例1：Mr. Li must be （going over our exercises ）in his office now.
李老师现在一定在他的办公室（批改我们的习题）。
例2：She must have washed all the sheets by now, hasn't she?
她现在一定把床单全洗了，是不是？
特别提醒：
（1）在表示“必须”时，must与have to 意义很相近，但是若强调主观看法时，用must；若强调客观外界原因导致的情况时，用have to。
例1：I must do up （clean）my bedroom. It's dirty. 我必须打扫我的卧室，它很脏了。
例2：I have to clean my bedroom, or my mother won't be happy.
我不得不打扫我的卧室了，不然又要惹得母亲不高兴了。
（2）must与have to 问句形式及肯定回答比较：
例1：-Must we copy all the new words? --我们必须抄下所有的生词吗？
-Yes, you must. --是的，必须全抄下来。
例2：-Do we have to do it right now? --我们现在就得做吗？
-Yes, you do. --是的，现在就得做。
（3）have to （=have got to 美国英语）
例如：I have got to do that for him. 我得为了他而去做那事。
课堂练习
一、完成句子
1. 兄弟俩几乎没什么共同之处。The two brothers _______ _______ ________ __________.
2. 你应该学会自己解决问题。You should learn to solve the problem______ __________.
3. 他表达了他对幸福生活的希望。He expressed his ________ _______ happy life.
4. 我每天晚上花半小时看英语杂志。I ______ half an hour ____English magazines every evening.
5. 我们什么时候聚一聚？这个周末怎么样？
When shall we _________ _________?What about this weekend?
6. 杰克请她吃了一顿饭后他们就和好了。After Jack ____ her ____ a meal, they ___ _______.
7. 他似乎没有羸这场比赛的可能。
________ _________ ____ _____ no possibility that he will win the match.
8. 我们希望你能成功。We ________ ________ you will succeed.
9. 我们必须首先信任自己。We must first _______ ________ _________ ourselves.
10. 这张照片使我想起了我的童年时代。This photo _______ me ________ my childhood.
11. 我没那么容易被你骗的。I won’t be _________ ________ so easily by you.
12. 你这么说什么意思？What do you ________ by _______ so?
13. 该轮到你发言了。_______ _______ _______ _______ make a speech.
14. 我来这里主要是为了看你。I came here _______ _______ _______ ______ seeing you.
15. 对不起把你的眼镜摔坏了--我不是故意的。
I am sorry I broke your glasses - I didn’t do it _______ ________.
16. 依你看，谁是世界上最优秀的足球运动员？
Who, _____ ______ _____ , is the best football player in the world?
17. 孩子们经常相互捉弄。The children often ______ ______ _____ each other.
二、单项填空
1.Christmas is one of the______of the Christian Church.
A.holidays B.vocations C.performances D.festivals
2.When she worked there,she could earn______500 dollars a week.
A.as much as B.so much as C.as many as D.so many as
3.We must do______this poor boy.
A.what we can help B.all what we can to help C.all that we can help D.what we can to help
4.Every morning,she had to______her baby. A.wear B.dress C.have to D.put on
5.It’s useless to quarrel like this.We’d better put our meeting to______end.
A.the B.\\ C.an D.a
6.Clare,let John play with your toys as well;you must learn to______.
A.spare B.support C.care D.share
7.The festivals were a way to____history and culture,a way to______society and a way to celebrate the new year.
A.create;build B.celebrate;build C.build;create D.celebrate;make
8.The bike______I rode to work yesterday has been stolen.
A.in which B.on which C.by which D.with which
9.What a nice watch!When______you______it? A.do;buy B.have;bought C.did;buy D.will;buy
10.Kwanzaa is a 7-day festival______culture and history of African Americans.
A.which celebrating B.celebrating C.celebrate D.celebrated
11.The poor girl was homeless,so we______. A.took her in B.took her up C.took her out D.took her away
12.The computer center,______last year,is very popular among the students in this school.
A.open B.opening C.opened D.to be opened
13.There was some children______in the garden. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played
14.Peter______come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure.
A.must B.may C.can D.will
15.Books of this kind______well. A.sell B.sells C.are sold D.is sold
篇6：NSEFC 高一第一单元词组
高一词组Unit 1
1. to be honest诚实的说
2. be loyal to a cause忠于事业（与to用）忠诚的，忠实的
3. make a list of things to buy. 列个购物单。
4. describe sb./sth in three words
5. describe sb. as把某人说成是(称作)
6. five-star五星的, 第一流的,最高级的
7. a 5-star friend一个五星级的朋友
8. if you like如果你愿意
9. such as例如...,象这种的
10. argue about sth.辩论[争论]某事
11. argue with sb.和某人争论
12. argue sb. into doing sth.劝某人做某事
13. argue that 主张，认为……
14. give reasons for陈述理由, 解释
15. be/become/get fond of music爱好/喜欢音乐
16. serf the Internet all the time总是上网
17. use sb./sth. to do sth.利用人/事做某事
18. gender 性别
19. play sb 扮演
20. play =act=play the part of=take the part of
21. play a part扮演一个角色, 参与, 装腔骗人
22. play the part of 1.(在戏中)扮演 2.担任, 充当
23. play a part in(在...中)扮演角色; (在...中)起作用
24. have little time for sth.几乎没有时间做某事
25. be on a flight
26. hunt for搜寻=look for
27. treat sb. as a friend把某人当作朋友
28. treat sb. to an ice-cream请某人吃一杯冰淇淋
29. treat a case of cancer治疗一例癌症
30. This is my treat.这次由我请客。
31. keep ----as
32. care about介意，在乎，对……关心,担心
33. care for1.喜欢; 想要 2.关心, 关怀 3.照料 4.介意, 放在心上
34. make friends with与...交朋友,和睦
35. tell lies 说谎
36. be quick in mind and action反应快.思维和动作迅速
37. be out of one's mind精神不正常, 发疯; 忘记
38. go outing
39. go to the supermarket
40. mail gifts to sb. 邮寄
41. be/ get angry at. about sth.因某事而生气
42. be/ get angry with sb.生某人的气
43. be/ get angry at sb. for因...生某人的气
44. make sb. angry使某人生气
45. have fun (=do a bit of fun)作乐, 玩乐;
46. for fun开玩笑, 不是认真的
47. in fun开玩笑, 不是认真的
48. make fun of sb.嘲弄; 取笑
49. have rare fun玩得非常愉快, 尽量快乐
50. drop a line写封短信
51. drop/send sb. a line给某人写封短信
52. drop a hint暗示; 示意; 露口风
53. drop sb a hint 暗示某人
54. have/keep sth. in mind 1.记得, 记住 2.想到; 考虑到, 打算
55. in order1.按照顺序; 挨次 2.整齐; 整洁 3.恰当, 正确; 符合程序
56. in order that ...为了..., 目的在于...
57. in order to do sth.为了(做某事), 以便(做某事)
58. share (in) sth. 分享，分担
59. share sth. with sb.和某人共同分担
60. share sth. between/among sb.两/三者中分配
61. share a room with sb.与某人同居一室
62. share the joys and hardships of the masses与群众同甘共苦
63. share in the profits分享收益
64. share with sb. in distress与某人共患难
65. share responsibility共同负责
66. go shares with 与……平分
67. take one’s share尽自己的一份责任
68. crash into each other. 轰然相撞
69. crash into a tree.撞在树上
70. crash his car into the iron railings把车撞在铁路横杆上
71. crash a glass against a wall把玻璃杯摔到墙上
72. crash the headlines成了轰动一时的头条新闻
73. in the plane/air crash在飞机坠毁事故中
74. be into 1.[口]给迷住, 对...深感兴趣, 深深卷入 2.欠...的债(He was into us for several hundred dollars. 他欠了我们好几百块钱)
75. enjoy oneself 1.享乐, 过得快乐/愉快2.尽情地玩
76. enjoy free medical care享受公费医疗
77. enjoy a good health [a good income]享有健康的身体[很好的收入]
78. enjoy one's dinner津津有味地吃饭
79. enjoy swimming [fishing]喜欢游泳[钓鱼]
80. even through即使，尽管
练习上短语
81. have a flat tire瘪胎
82. feel flat感觉无聊
83. be flat broke完全破产
84. a flat lie弥天大谎
85. become flat泄气
86. fall flat跌倒; 完全失败; 完全无效果; 全无好评
87. The car tires were flat. 这辆汽车的轮胎瘪了。
88. have fun有趣
89. in one's opinion按某人的意见, 据某人看来
90. in the opinion of照...的意见
91. do a biology experiment做生物试验
92. tie up绑好, 缚牢, 包扎, 占用, 阻碍, 密切联系, 合伙, 停泊
93. tie up one’s hair 扎好头发
94. tie one’s shoes up系鞋带
95. tie one's/a tie打领结
96. run into跑进, 撞上, 偶遇, 陷入, 达到
97. have a holiday休假, 度假, 放假
98. be on holiday正在休假[去休假]
99. go on a holiday to a place正在休假[去休假]
100. on holiday在度假，在休假中(= on one's holidays)
101. get to到达, 接触到, 开始, 对...有影响
102. get to know逐渐了解
103. write a short description of sth.写一篇…的短文
104. beyond description难以描写.难以形容
105. give a description of描述
106. change into兑换, 变为；使改变,变成 换上(衣服等)
107. run a restaurant经营餐馆
108. skip classes 逃课
109. keep one's eyes open（常与for连用）时刻提防
110. keep an (close)eye on照看, 留心瞧着, 注意
111. fair-weather只适用于好天气的, 不可共患难的
112. fair-weather friend n. 只可共安乐而难共患难的朋友
113. feel down感到情绪低落，沮丧
114. feel cold,hungry,comfortable,sad,happy感到冷，饿，舒服，悲哀，快乐
115. be unhappy about
116. have a problem with有……问题
117. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
118. make fun of sb.嘲弄; 取笑
119. explain sth. to sb.
120. get an A on the maths exam
121. overcome difficulties战胜困难
122. overcome one's shortcomings克服缺点
123. overcome one’s shyness
124. be curious about sth.对(某事物)感到好奇
125. be curious to (do)很想(做); 渴望(做)
126. (be) curious to say说来稀奇
127. 在…结束时at the end of
篇7：NSEFC 高一Unit 7 Cultural Relics
What are we going to learn?（目标篇）
1.重点词汇
cultural pyramid represent include ruin burn restore rebuild beauty photograph portrait recreate unite artist period vase stone damage ancient project brick official cave pollution carbon breath limit sincerely
2.重点词组
give in in ruins bring…back to life puu down set up
3.交际用语
(1) 提出意见和建议
What shall we …? Maybe we could…
Shall we…? I’d like to…
Can’t we…? What / How about…?
Should we…? Why don’t you…?
Let’s… Why not…?
4.语法难点
被动语态（1）
1. 描述事物已经受到某种影响或某种处理--使用现在完成时被动语态。例如:
Now, after years of hard work, parts of statues have been put back together and missing pieces have been replaced.
Old paintings, …, have been carefully recreated, and the old palaces have been made as wonderful as in the past.
2. 描述人物已经被动地接受某种行为或某种处理--使用现在完成时被动语态。例如：
The sick woman has been sent to hospital, and now you can’t visit her.
Jack has been told about it, so you needn’t call him up.
5.话题
1. Talk about cultural relics.
2. Talk about ways to protect cultural relics.
3. Giving advice and make suggestions
Tell Me More!（背景篇）
The City of Peter the Great
I love, thee, Peter’s own creation,
I love thy stern and comely face,
Neva’s majestic perfluctation,
Her bankments’ granite carapace,
The patterns laced by iron railing,
And of thy meditative night
The lucent dusk, the moonless paling…
View of the Palace Square and Alexander Column in St. Petersburg (Photo: Cinderellatravel.com)
Thus is the glory of Peter the Great’s city, St. Petersburg, depicted in the poem The Bronze Horseman by Alexander Pushkin. The Bronze Horseman is also the name of a statue that stands in all its granite glory on Senatskaya Plochad facing the Neva River in St. Petersburg.
Created by the famous French sculptor Etienne Maurice Falconet, the statue depicts Peter the Great as a Roman hero. The pedestal is made of a single piece of red granite in the shape of a cliff. From the top of this “cliff” Peter shows the way for Russia as his horse steps on a snake. The snake represents the enemies of Peter and his reforms. Ironically, the “evil” snake also serves as a third point of support for the statue.
The St. Petersburg region was originally inhabited by the Swedes. It was conquered by Russia during the Great Northern War (1700-1721) fought between Sweden and a coalition of countries led by Russia.
In 1703, Russian tsar Peter the Great chose a site on Zayachy Island in the Neva River and began the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress named after two patron saints. Although the site was cold, damp, and poorly protected, Peter was determined to build a new capital in the Neva delta to replace Moscow, which had served as Russia’s capital since the origins of the Russian state in the 1300’s.
Peter wanted an outlet to the Baltic Sea and intended to make St. Petersburg a modern, Western-style city that would serve as Russia’s “window on Europe.” Although the fortress was originally a primitive earthen structure, stone was brought in when construction of the city began. St. Petersburg was built at great human cost, the Northern Russian climate was very harsh, hunger and cold killed nearly 100,000 people during the first years of its construction. Working from dawn to dusk, they died in great numbers, but the war was on and the fort had to be completed as soon as possible.
On May 16, 1703, (May 27 by the modern calendar) St. Petersburg’s fortress (the Peter and Paul Fortress) was founded and that day became the official birthday of the city. Several days later the wooden Cabin of Peter the Great was built and became the first residential building in the new city. A new capital of the Russian Empire was born.
The imperial capital - including the Russian court, the Senate, and the foreign embassies - was moved to the new city in 1712. Peter and the rulers after him commissioned Dutch and Italian architects to build the city’s magnificent palaces and churches and an influx of Western scholars and artisans helped make St. Petersburg a cultural as well as a political center. Peter also commanded a new dress code for the nobility modeled after the French court. The Boyars were ordered to shave their long beards. Those caught wearing the old heavy unfashionable dress would have their cloth cut off from the knees down.
Originally, there were no bridges crossing the mighty Neva River. People had to be ferried between banks by boat - one of the reasons why St. Petersburg became known as the “Venice of the North.” The city itself consists of 101 islands and is miraculously built on mostly their banks. Today, St. Petersburg has the largest number of bridges of any city in the world, numbering 539 with 315 bridges in the downtown area alone.
St. Petersburg is no less of a marvel to visit today. The influx of tourists over the last couple of years has doubled in size. Many visitors say that St. Petersburg is as magnificent as Paris and Venice, that it has an unspoken mystery to it - not entirely European, yet not fully Russian either.
Cathedrals
One of the many architectural wonders of St. Petersburg is St. Isaac’s Cathedral - one of the world’s most beautiful churches.
St. Isaac’s Cathedral was originally the city’s main church and the largest cathedral in Russia. The French-born architect Auguste Montferrend built St. Isaac’s between 1818 and 1858 and expected it to be one of the most impressive landmarks of the Russian Imperial capital.
One hundred and eighty years later the gilded dome of St. Isaac’s still dominates the skyline of St. Petersburg. The cathedral’s facades are decorated with sculptures and massive granite columns (made of single pieces of red granite), while the interior is adorned with incredibly detailed mosaic icons, paintings, and columns made of malachite and lapis lazuli. A large, brightly colored stained glass window of the “Resurrected Christ” takes pride of place inside the main altar.
The church, designed to accommodate 14,000 standing worshipers, was closed in the early 1930’s and reopened as a museum. Today, church services are held only on major ecclesiastical occasions. Going up 300 steps to the cathedral’s colonnade you will be greeted by a breathtaking panoramic view of the city.
Another magnificent church in St. Petersburg is the Church of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ, commonly referred to as The Savior on the Blood Cathedral (1883-1907). The church took the latter name as a memorial to Emperor Alexander II who was assassinated on March 1, 1881 on the spot where the church now stands. Alexander II was the first Tsar to give the Russian peasants their freedom and prepared the nation for democratic constitutional rule.
Designed by architect Alfred Parland in the style of 16th and 17th century Russian churches, the Savior on the Blood Cathedral offers an amazing contrast to the Baroque, Classical, and Modernist styles predominant in the Northern Capital. Its unique decorations include icons and panels made from majolica, and mosaics that were created from drawings by the leading Russian artists of the day. Restorers say the church contains more mosaics than any other church in the world.
Many famous Russian architects took part in the competition to build the symbolically important church. Alexander III, the heir to the throne, was unsatisfied with their proposals. He wanted the church to be in the style of Russian churches of the 16th and 17th centuries. Indeed, the church’s final composition borrowed heavily from the architectural forms of St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow and the Vladimir Cathedral in Kiev. The project was estimated to cost 3.6 million rubles, but ended up costing 4.6 million rubles, mainly from the extravagant collection of mosaics. The interior of the church was faced with Italian multi-colored marble and colored stone from different regions of Russia including Ural jasper, porphyry, violet gray Altai jasper, and dark red, pink, and green marble.
One of the most impressive elements of the church is the extravagant shrine, which was constructed on the very spot where Alexander II was fatally wounded, and maintained a special place within the church’s interior.
It was constructed according to Parland’s drawing, and completed in July 1907. Four columns of violet gray jasper serve as the base of the shrine. Above, small rectangular columns unite the carved stone awning and the mosaic icons decorated with images of the protectors of Alexander II’s family - the Romanovs. The columns are supported by a frieze, a cornice, and a stone-carved pediment with vases of jasper along the corners.
The shrine concludes with a high octahedral pyramid - the cross is completed with 112 pieces of topaz. The frame inside the shrine was faced with a magnificently colored lazurite. In fact, the facing of the arch required more than 100 pounds of lazurite. The arch itself was inlaid with stars made from Siberian semiprecious stones and pieces of topaz.
The intricately decorated outside walls of the church rival the magnificence of the church’s interior. The entrances to the cathedral are located at the north and south ends, and was built like closed porches on granite columns. On the place where the main entrance is usually located in churches, the crucifix was arranged on the facade, according to the design of Nesterov.
The pediments of each of the four porches of the cathedral are decorated in mosaic panels, based on the gospel scenes according to Vasnetsov: “Executing of the Cross,” “Crucifixion,” “Removing from the Cross,” and “Descending into Hell.” All four mosaic panels are magnificent in their composition and colors.
The revolution took a terrible toll on the Church. In 1923, the church became an official cathedral, but this didn’t save it from the barbarian looting of church valuables that took place along with the destruction of the interior of the church.
PETER THE GREAT (PETER ALEXEEVICH) 1672-1725
CZAR 1682-1721 EMPEROR OF ALL RUSSIA 1721-1725
Peter the Great was the fourteenth child of Alexei Mikhailovich, born on May 30, 1672, from his second marriage to Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina. Having ruled jointly with his brother Ivan V from 1682, with Ivan's death in 1696, Peter was officially declared Sovereign of all Russia.
During his reign, Peter undertook extensive reforms: He created a regular army and navy, subjugated the Church to the state and introduced new administrative and territorial divisions of the country. He paid particular attention to the development of science. He was a far-sighted and skillful diplomat and a talented military leader.
Under Peter's rule, Russia became a great European nation. In 1721, he proclaimed Russia an Empire and was accorded the title of Emperor of All Russia, Great Father of the Fatherland and “the Great.”
He married twice and had 11 children, many of whom died in infancy. The eldest son from his first marriage, Czarevich Alexei, was convicted of high treason by his father and secretly executed in 1718.
Peter died from a chill on January 28, 1725, without nominating an heir. He was buried in the Cathedral of the St. Peter and St. Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.
Key Points（知识篇）
1. Complete the map of each site based on what you hear on the tape.
Quiz
(1) Swan Lake is a famous ballet in four acts, ___________on a German fairy tale.
A. basing B. based C. bases D. to base
(2) In five minutes he ________ drawing a very beautiful horse.
A. completed B. had finished C. was completed D. finished
(3) Before the interview you are asked to _________ the form.
A. complete B. finish C. write D. fill
Rules
(1) complete: vt. 使（某事物）圆满，完善；完成; 填写（表格）。adj. 完整的；完全的；全部的。例如：
I need one more stamp before my collection is completed.还差一张邮票我的收藏就齐全了。
The work is not completed yet. 这个工作还未完成。
When will the bridge be complete? 那座桥什么时候能完工?
Complete your application in ink. 用钢笔填申请表。
I want to buy a complete edition of Shakespeare’s works. 我想买一套莎士比亚全集。
This is a complete story. 这是一个完整的故事。
注意complete 和 finish 在用法上的差异。两个词在很多情况下可以通用，但也有下列区别：
a. finish 可以接动词的-ing形式，表“结束”，而complete 没有这一用法。例如
I needed to finish doing some work before the game, so I arrived a bit after he did. 比赛前我要把一些事情做完， 所以我比他到得晚了一点。
b. finish 在意义上比complete消极，比较下面两句话的意义。
I have finished the book. 我看完这本书了。
I have complete the book. 我写完这本书了。
c. finish 在被动语态时有“全完了”，“没有希望了”的意思，而complete 没有这个含义。例如：
Is Saddam Hussein's government finished? 萨达姆的政府完蛋了吗？
（2）based on what you hear on the tape: 过去分词短语做状语，表示谓语动词complete发生的背景或情况，这种状语既可以放在谓语动词的后面，也可以放在谓语动词的前面。例如：
Fight no battle unprepared. 不打无准备之战。
Built in 1192, this bridge is about 800 years old. 这座桥是一一九二年修的，已经有约八百多年的历史了。
（3）base…on /upon: 建于…… 之上，以 …… 为根据。例如：
What do you base your opinion on? 你提这个意见的依据是什么？
John based his hope on the news he had yesterday. 约翰的希望是以昨天所得到的消息为依据。
This news report is based entirely on fact. 这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。
2. You can select five things that represent Chinese culture, but you cannot put any living things in the capsule.
Quiz
Our shops ____________ only the very best quality produce.
A. choose B. pick up C. select D. choose from
Rules
（1）select: vt. 选择, 挑选adj. 精选的。例如：
They were selected from many applicants.他们是从许多报名者当中选出来的。
I want to select a gift for my mother’s birthday. 我想为妈妈的生日挑选一件礼物。
He bought a Select Collection of Shakespeare’s Poems. 他购买了一部莎士比亚诗选。
select 和choose都含有“选择”的意思。select 强调“在广泛的范围内精选、淘汰”，侧重“以客观为标准进行选择”，表示比choose考虑得更周到；choose 系常用词，指“一般的选择”，侧重“凭个人意志或判断进行选择”，可用于仅在两者之间进行选择，后面接不定式时，意为“决定，下决心；愿意，宁愿”。例如
He would choose death before surrender. 他宁死也不投降。
They offer a lot of books to choose from. 他们提供了很多书来选择。
He chooses to look into the matter till the truth is out. 他决定调查那件事直至真相大白
（2）represent: vt 表现，描写，描画；代表；声称
This painting represents a storm. 这幅画描绘暴风雨。
We chose a committee to represent us. 我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。
These stones represent armies. 那些石头代表部队。
He represented himself as a philosopher. 他声称自己是哲学家。
3. You may also include a short message ( two sentences) in any language in the box.
Quiz
The book _________ 100 stories, _________ some very short ones.
A. contains, includes B. is containing, including
C. includes, contains D. contains, including
Rules
include: 包含, 包括。强调“包括作为整体的一部分”，注意其现在分词和过去分词的用法。例如:
The price includes postage charges. 价格包括邮费在内。
The university includes ten colleges. 该大学有10个学院。
The band played many songs, including some of my favourites. 乐队演奏了许多曲子， 包括我最喜爱的。
They all went, teachers included. 他们都去了，老师也去了。
contain: vt. 包含；容纳；装有
Beer contains alcohol. 啤酒含有酒精。
The speech contained some interesting ideas. 这个讲演包括一些有趣的思想。
4. Where there is a river, there is a city.
Quiz
(1) This photo of mine was taken __________ stood the famous high tower.
A. which B. in which C. where D. there
(2) You must be firm, _________ you think yourself to be right.
A. in which B. where C. what D. no matter how
(3) -Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
-Oh, yes. _________ others are weak, he is strong.
A. Where B. When C. Though D. If
(4) I have kept that picture __________ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
A. which B. where C. whether D. when
Rules
where there is a river地点状语从句。由连接副词where 引导，表示主句谓语动词的地点。例如：
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Put the book where you took it. 把书放在你取的地方。
Where others are weak, he is strong. 他在别人不行的地方不错。
5. Perhaps this is not always true, but it is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of the river.
Quiz
(1) __________ gone is gone. ___________ no use talking about it any more.
A. That’s, It’s B. What’s, It’s C. It’s, That’s D. That’s, That’s
(2) ________ is known ___________ Beijing will host the Olympics.
A. As, to B. Which, that C. It, that D. It, to
(3) Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________ didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
(4) ___________needs further discussion whether we’ll build a library or not.
A. We B. He C. It D. The thing
(5) ________ is too cold to go fishing today.
A. The day B. It C. You D. The sky
Rules
it 在句中充当形式主语，代替后面的主语从句that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of the river。It作形式主语时一般代替主语从句，不定式和动词的-ing形式。例如：
It is said that the two leaders will hold secret talks. 据说两位领导人要进行秘密会谈。
It’s impossible for us to get there in time. 我们不可能及时赶到那里。
It’s no use talking to a man like him. 和他那样的人谈是没有用的。
6. It was under attack for 900 days, but the people of the city never gave in.
Quiz
(1) Whether they will move into the branch school is _________ consideration.
A. for B. under C. within D. by
(2) No matter how the bandits tortured her, Lady Jiang Jie never ________.
A. give in B. give up C. give off D. give out
Rules
(1) under: 在…之中；在…期间。
under discussion. 在讨论中
There is a new music hall near here under construction. 附近正在建造一座新的音乐大厅。
Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。
(2) give in (to): 屈服, 投降, 退让。 例如：
Don’t give in to him. 不要向他屈服。
The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper’s demands. 当局对绑架者的要求没有让步的迹象。
7. The Germans burned many of the palaces as they left.
Quiz
I watched her ______ she combed her hair.
A. while B. as C. because D. since
Rules
as, when和 while的用法比较：这三个词在引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候 ”，其用法为：as常接一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。when既可引导一个持续动作，又可引导一个短暂动作，用于主句和从句同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。while 引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。例如：
As she did her homework, she listened to the music. 她一边做作业，一边听音乐。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙跑回家去，一边走一边回头望。
When I lived there, I used to go for a walk around the lake. 我住在那里时，常绕着湖边散步。
Who are the three people you would like to model when you grow up? 当你长大后，你愿意成为哪三个人的样子？
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时别高声谈话。
While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel.两个侦探把着门,另外两个打开包裹。
8. St Petersburg was almost in ruins.
Rules
ruin: n. “衰败，毁灭，瓦解；废墟” vt. (使)破产, (使)堕落, 毁灭 in ruins: 成为废墟
We saw the ruins of the church. 我们看见了这座教堂的废墟。
He was ruined by that law case. 他被那场官司搞得倾家荡产。
She poured water all over my painting, and ruined it. 她把水全倒在了我的画上，把画毁了。
The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火毁坏了图书馆的书。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
After the earthquake, the beautiful city was in ruins. 地震之后，这个美丽的城市沦为了一片废墟。
damage, destroy 和 ruin 都含“破坏”、“毁坏”的意思。其主要区别在于：damage 指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”；destroy 指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”；ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了”。 如:
The heavy rain damaged many houses. 大雨毁坏了许多房子。
That town was destroyed in a big fire. 那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了。
He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth. 他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。
9. Buildings were destroyed, and paintings and statue lay in pieces on the ground.
Rules
piece: n. 在这里是“碎片，碎块；部件，部分”的意思，常以复数形式出现在介词in, into 和 to之后。例如：
break /smash /tear sth. to pieces 打碎 / 砸碎 / 撕碎 某物
The vase lay in pieces on the ground. 地上是那个花瓶的碎片。
The boat was smashed to pieces on the rocks. 船触礁而撞碎了。
The furniture is delivered in pieces and you have to assemble it yourself. 家具送货时是散件的，得自己装配。
The table is made in five pieces.这张桌子是五部分组成的。
10. Restoring the city and its cultural relics seemed impossible, but the people of this great city would not gave up.
Rules
（1）restoring the city and its cultural relics 在句中充当主语。动词-ing短语在句中作主语时有三种主要用法：a. 直接用作主语 b. 用it 代替作形式主语c. 在there be no doing结构中作主语。例如：
It is said that walking on the moon is more difficult. 据说在月球上行走更困难。
It is no use talking about it here. 在这里谈这事没用。
There is no joking about such matters. 这样的事情是不能看玩笑的。
There is no knowing whether he will come or not. 不知道他会不会来。
（2）give up: “放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交”。例如：
She doesn’t give up easily.她做任何事都不轻易放弃。
The doctors had given her up but she made a remarkable recovery.医生们已经放弃了治愈她的希望，而她却恢复地很好。
You ought to give up smoking.你应该戒烟。
Why don’t you give him up? 你为什么不和他一刀两断呢？
I give up; tell me what the answer is. 我认输，告诉我答案吧。
He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus. 在公共汽车上他把座位让给了一位老太太。
11. We’ll do everything we can to save our city!
Quiz
We must do as much as we can _______ our community better and more beautiful.
A. make B. possible C. to make D. making
Rules
这是一个带定语从句的复合句，we can 在句中是定语从句，其完整形式应该是that we can do,在主句中to save our city是do everything 的目的状语。
12. Painters and workers had to be very careful when they were trying to bring the city back to life.
Rules
bring… back to… “使…恢复…” 例如
A week by the sea brought her back to health.她在海边呆了一周后恢复了健康。
bring 可以构成许多短语，例如: bring about 引起; 致使; 造成; 达成。bring back恢复；回忆。bring down 使落下；减低； 降低 bring in 产生(利益)；赚到；引进；推广 bring up 养育；提出；呕吐。
13. With the help of old paintings and photographs, the people of St Petersburg were able to bring back the beauty of their culture and history.
Rules
(1) with the help of = with one’s help: “在……的帮助下”例如：
With the help of government programs aimed at helping low income individuals and families own their own home, more people can improve their living conditions within this year.在政府协助低收入个人和家庭安居的项目帮助下，更多人的居住条件将在年内得到改善。
With the teacher’s help , he has made rapid progress in his English study. 在老师的帮助下，他的英语学习进步很快。
(2) be able to do sth. “能够”有各种时态变化，而can只有现在时和过去时。若表示过去有能力并实际上做到了某事，要用was / were able to do sth.，而不能使用could。例如：He was able to pass the test. 他考试及格了。而He could pass the test.并不意味着考试已经及格了。
14. Like their hero Peter, the people of St Pertersburg have shown that dreams can come true.
Quiz
(1) To my brother’s delight, his wish ___________ at last.
A. realized B. came true C. carried out D. was ruined
(2) Nothing _______ after the terrible fire which had been caused by someone smoking in bed.
A. remained B. continued C. left D. kept
(3) I’m 50 this year, but many of my friends say I don’t ________ my age. Don’t you think so?
A. look B. seem C. appear D. go
Rules
come“变成，证实是”在这里为连系动词，后面接形容词作表语。连系动词可以分为三类：a. 表示人或事物的特征的，如feel, look, seem, appear, sound, smell, taste等；b. 表示由一种状态转为另一种状态的，如 become, grow, get, turn, turn out, go, fall, run, come, make, prove等；c. 表示保持某种状态的，如keep, remain, continue, stand, lie, sit等。例如：
Everything will come right in the end. 一切问题终会解决。
He looked worried. 他看起来很担心。
It seems that something has gone wrong. 看来出问题了。
The soldier stood quite still. 那个士兵站着不动。
15. 现在完成时的被动语态
Quiz
1. This story ________ into many languages.
A. has translated B. has been translated C. had translated D. had been translated
Rules
现在完成时的被动语态由“has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词”构成。表示说话之前已经完成或者影响仍然存在的被动动作。使用时注意以下几点：
（1）使用被动语态的条件：一般说来，为了强调动作的承受者或者不知道动作的承受者时就需要使用被动语态。
All the CAAC offices have been joined by new computers. 民航局所有的售票处都用计算机连接起来了。
His works have been translated into many languages. 他的作品已经被翻译成了很多种语言。
(2) 带双宾语的动词，如ask, borrow, bring, buy, get, give, hand, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, sell, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动，但如一个宾语是“人”时，通常把这个宾语变为主语。
He has been given the book. 已经给了他那本书。
（3）带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语仍然保留在原处，改称为主语补足语。若原来的宾语补足语是省掉了to 的不定式，在被动语态中做主语补足语时要加to。
He has been made to work hard. 他被迫努力工作。
（4）谓语动词如果是短语动词，在变为被动语态时，要注意短语动词的完整性，不能漏掉动词后面的副词或介词。
The children have been taken good care of since their mother came back.自从妈妈回来，孩子们就得到了很好的照顾。
Just Read! （拓展篇）
Protection of Cultural Relics
Since the beginning of the 1990s, China has protected a huge number of cultural relics and achieved remarkable success. The special subsidies appropriated by the Central Government for the protection of cultural relics in more than 1,000 projects have reached about 700 million RMB yuan. As a result, a large number of cultural relics have been saved from destruction. Prominent successes in the maintenance and protection of historical sites are the Potala Palace (Lhasa, Tibet), the Kumbum Monastery (Huangzhong County, Qinghai Province), the Caves at Mount Sumeru (Guyuan County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), the Kizil Thousand-Buddha Cave (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region), the Longmen Grottoes (Luoyang City, Henan Province), the Yungang Caves (Datong City, Shanxi Province), the Goddess Hall (Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province), the Mountain Summer Resort (Chengde City, Hebei Province), the Thatched Cottage of Tang Poet Du Fu (Chengdu City, Sichuan Province), and the Tianyi Pavilion (Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province). In , the State Council announced the fourth batch of national important cultural relics protection units, numbering 250 and bringing the total to 750. There are 99 national historical and cultural cities. In 1995, the UNESCO placed on the World Heritage List the Potala Palace in Tibet, the Mountain Summer Resort, together with its adjacent temples in Chengde City, Hebei Province, the Confucius Temple, the Confucius Family Mansion and the Confucius Woods in Qufu City, Shandong Province, and the ancient architectural complex on Mount Wudang in Hubei Province.
The planned scientific excavation of cultural relics has laid a good foundation for the improvement of archeological theory and practice, and research into ancient Chinese history. Aeronautical, underwater and desert archeological studies have provided important historical information and data for economic construction, and new techniques of and approaches to the development of cultural relics protection.
In recent years, China has been taking an unprecedentedly active part in foreign exchanges and cooperation in terms of cultural relics. About 150 cultural relics exhibitions have been held in the U.S., Argentina, France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Japan, Republic of Korea, Australia, and Singapore. The Exhibition of Tombs of Chinese Emperors held in the U.S., the Exhibition of Tibetan Treasures and the Exhibition of the Yellow River Civilization held in Italy, and the Exhibition of Laolan’s Cultural Relics and the Exhibition of the Terracotta Legion of the First Qin Emperor held in Japan presented the splendors of the great ancient Chinese civilization to large and appreciative audience.
Have Fun! （趣味篇）
A group of managers were given the assignment to measure the height of a flagpole. So they go out to the flagpole with ladders and tape measures, and they're falling off the ladders, dropping the tape measures - the whole thing is just a mess. An engineer comes along and sees what they're trying to do, walks over, pulls the flagpole out of the ground, lays it flat, measures it from end to end, gives the measurement to one of the managers and walks away. After the engineer has gone, one manager turns to another and laughs. “Isn't that just like an engineer, we're looking for the height and he gives us the length.”
Answers to quiz
1. (1) B (2) A (3) A
2. C
3. D
4. (1) C (2) B (3) A (4) B
5. (1) B (2) C (3) D (4) C (5) B
6. (1) B (2) A
7. B
11. C
14. (1) B (2) A (3) C
15. B
篇8：NSEFC高一unit 14 Mainly revision
Unit 14 Mainly revision
教学目标
教学目标与要求
通过本单元教学，全面复习本册书所列出的重点日常交际用语项目，如：命令与要求、提出建议与忠告、表示个人看法等。全面复习本册书中所列出的重点语法项目，如：定语从句、直接引语和间接引语、被动请态、过去完成时和动词不定式作主语等用法。
教学要点和重点
1．日常交际用语
(1) Can I ask you for some advice?
(2) What can you suggest?
(3)I suggest you (should) ask. . .
(4) I've got an idea.
(5)Why not do...?
(6)Why don't you do. . . ?
(7)That is why. . .
(8)I thought that. . .
2．单词
recently, weigh, measure, lovely, cousin, secret, invite, reply, illness, pattern, actor, junior
3．词组
ask sb. for advice, be tired of, be fun, make fun of, tell lies, laugh at, used to, keep quiet, worry about, consider doing, because of, a place of interest, reply to
4．语法
过去将来时的用法
教学建议
本单元建议
1．本单元的内容非常贴近中学生生活。可就“Friendship”，“Telling Lies”等话题展开讨论，在讨论中学会如何表述心情、如何给予忠告等。
2．对重点句型做句子操练，如完成句子、翻译等。特别注意动词的用法。
3．在口头操练的同时，注意引导学生使用正确的英语句型结构，如：Why not do…；Why don't you do…等等。必要时做笔头操练。
4．在学习过去将来时的时候，同时兼顾对过去完成时态的复习。
5．以给笔友写一封信的方式训练学生的书信表达能力。
重点难点讲解
辨析be tired of , be tired with
短语be tired of 意思为“厌倦或厌烦……”
I’m tired of his complaints.我对他的抱怨很反感。
He was tired of sleeping with the windows open.他讨厌开着窗户睡觉。
be tired with表示“因……而感到疲倦或劳累”
He was tired with such a long walk,走了这么长的路他感到很累。
We were quite tired with so much homework.做了如此多的作业后我们相当疲劳。
辨析lovely/ beautiful/pretty//handsome/good-looking
lovely吸引人的视、听、嗅、触四觉的，引起喜悦、赞赏的人或物，都可用lovely修饰，尤其指外貌，不包括四德。主要用于修饰女子外貌、天气、景色等。如：
lovely hair/weather（秀发/好天气）。
beautiful 对人而言，指最能给人带来满足的最高尚的和精神的美，包括精致、温柔、愉快、可爱诸因素。形容人时，适合女性。
A beautiful girl /face /flower /picture /garden /place /voice /color/dress/weather等。
pretty意为“美丽的，漂亮的，可爱的”，指逗人喜欢的人或物的精致、优雅、小巧、娇嫩、雅致等属性，有“女子气”及“小巧俏皮”的含义，常修饰女性，不用于男性。
handsome意为“漂亮，英俊”，含匀称、对称、雅致、悦目、吸引人之意，尤指仪表堂堂，举止文雅，具有男性气质。其美大半是修养和训练的结果，常用以修饰男性。
“good-looking” 特指外表容貌的美，多用于指男性。
辨析used to, be used to doing 与be used to do
used to后接动词原形，表示“过去常常（做某事）”，而现在不再做；
He used to be a worker, but now he becomes the manager of the company.
be used to doing / sth. 表示“习惯于做某事”。
She has been used to living alone in the country.
be used to do为use（使用）的被动语态形式，表示“被用来做”；
The hammer is used to break nail into the wall.
辨析reply 和answer
这是一对近义词，都有“回答”之意，但其用各有不同。
1）用作动词，后面都可接that从句，两者可以相通。如：
He answered/replied that he knew nothing about it.
他回答说对此事一无所知。
2）如果加间接宾语时，要用：
answer sb. that. . . /reply to sb that. . .
3）当后面接名词或代词时，answer是及物动词, reply为不及物动词，是正式用语。如：
answer a question/reply to a question
answer a letter / reply to a letter
answer the door / doorbell / telephone
(不能说reply the door / doorbell / telephone)
4）作名词时，两者都可与介词搭配；answer还有“答案”之意。如：
the answer / rely / key to the problem. make no answer / reply
课文讲解
1．Well, I’ve recently started biology.我最近刚开始学生物。
Recently意为“近来，最近”多与现在时态连用。
He is not at home recently.他最近不在家。
How are you getting along recently?你近来过得还好吧？
2．You don’t need anything special.你不需要什么特别的东西。
用形容词修饰不定代词something, nothing, anything, somebody, anybody等时，这个形容词通常放在这类不定代词的后面。
Did you find anybody strange nearby? 你在附近看到过什么陌生人吗？
Do you have anything more to say? 你（们）还有什么话要说吗？
3．Then grow some tomatoes in one box,….然后在盒子里种上一些西红柿
Then see which plants grow higher.
第一句中的grow是及物动词，作“种植（花或庄稼）”解；第二句中的grow 是不及物动词，作“生长，成长”
The young trees are growing well.这些小树长得很好。（vi.）
We grew a lot of flowers this spring.今年春天我们种了许多花。（vt.）
此外，grow还可以作连系动词，作“逐渐变得”，后面跟表语。
She is growing healthy.她的身体逐渐变好了。
4．However, I find it hard. 然而我发现交朋友很难。
句中的it 指上句的making new friends（交新朋友）。全句相当于I find it hard to make new friends.由于it作形式宾语的用法还没有出现过，此处暂不宜向学生解释。
Find作“发现，觉得”，后面可以跟带形容词的复合宾语（宾语+宾补）
I found him very funny.我现他很滑稽可笑。
你觉得这个问题难吗？
5．This is secret, so please don’t tell anybody else.这是一个秘密，因此，请别告诉其它任何人。
句中anybody else=any other person(其它任何人) else是形容词，作“别的，其它的”，常用somebody, something, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不定代词连用，并置于不定代词之后。如：
Do you want to see anybody else? 你还想见见别的人吗？
I have bought lots of bread. I’d like to buy something else.我买了许多面包，我还想买点别的东西。
else还可以同what, who, when, where等疑问代词或疑问副词连用。
What else would you like to have? 你还想要点别的什么吗？
过去将来时
1) 过去将来时的基本形式：
基本形式 例子
would+动词原形 I thought I would make lots of new friends.
我曾经认为我会交上许多新朋友。
was/were + going to I didn’t expect that I were to do the work by myself next week.我不希望下周自己做这个工作。
注意：would+动词原形。would可用于任何人称，这是美国英语的用法。在英国英语中，第一人称用 should，第二、三人称用 would。本教材采用美国英语的用法。此外，过去将来时还可以用“was/were + going to”来表示“原本打算干某事”的意思。另：be to do 不能用于人类不能控制的将发生的事情和动作；be about to do 不能和具体的时间连用。
2) 过去将来时的基本概念：
基本概念 例子
过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一种相应的时态，总是同某一过去的时间或过去的动作相对应而存在。 The teacher told us he would give us a little test. 老师跟我们讲过，他将给我们来一次小测验。
He said he was going to start for Guangzhou next Monday. 他(曾经)说过他打算下星期身去广州。
3）“would+动词原形”还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这一点上同used to同义。 例如：
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer. 我们小的时候， 每年夏天都去游泳。
4）一般过去时，（限某些动词，表示按计划或时刻要发生的事），也可表示过去将来时。
He wanted to be a scientist when he grew up.他长大了想当科学家。
5）过去将来时也可用来表示“愿望”或“倾向”，用于否定句，可译为“不会”，“不可能”等等。
We knew he would never permit such a thing.我们知道他绝不会允许发生此类事。
教学设计示例
教学设计方案Lesson 53
Teaching Aims
1.To train the students' ability of listening and improve their oral English.
2.10 learn how to ask for or give advice and suggestions.
3. To learn to use the following useful words and expressions: recently suggest weigh be tired of consider doing something
4. To get the students to know how to ask for or give advice/suggestions in their daily life, for example , in writing letters.
Teaching procedures
Step I Lead-in
The teacher says the following sentences: I caught a cold yesterday and now I have a headache. What should I do? Collect advice/suggestions from the students. For example:
You’d better go to see a doctor.
I think you can take some medicine and have a good rest.
Step II Watch and listen
Tell the students that we're going to learn a dialogue between Jane and Zhou Lan. In the dialogue, Zhou Lan is giving Jane some advice. Please answer the questions.
What kind of experiment does Zhou Lan talk about?
Key: She talks about a tomato experiment.
What does Jane need to do the experiment?
Key: Jane needs the lab, plant food, some young tomatoes, two boxes, a ruler and some soil.
Step III Reading
Please read the dialogue again on page 53, then answer the questions.
1.Why does Jane ask Zhou Lan for advice?
2.Does Jane like biology? How do you know?
3.What is Jane’s problem?
4.What does Zhou Lan suggest?
Keys:
1)Because she wants to improve her biology.
2) She likes biology, because she says that she really enjoys it.
3)She is tired of too much reading on biology and she wants to improve, but she does not know how to do it.
4)Zhou Lan suggests that Jane ask Mr Wu. And she also suggests that Jane should do a tomato experiment.
Step IV Language points
1.recently adv. not long ago ,adj
2.weigh vt.& vi.measure how heavy sth.is n.
3.suggest vt.
suggest something doing
It is suggested that….(should)+ do
Suggest + what todo/that…(should )+v.
4.be tired of: no longer interested in
5.consider doing: think about; examine
Step V Exercise ( shown on the projector. )
Fill in the blanks.
Jane happened to meet Zhou Lan 1 the school library. She asked Zhou Lan to 2 her some advice 3 her biology. She said she 4 biology, but she was 5 of reading the biology book. Zhou Lan had an idea. She asked Jane to do a 6 experiment in the lab and gave her a lot of ideas on how to do the experiment. Finally, Jane 7 they 8 the experiment together. Zhou Lan 9 .
Step VI Oral practise
Allow the Ss several minutes to make up a similar dialogue giving advice. The following topics are for them to choose from.
1)A friend who doesn't like sports
2) How to learn English?
3) Which kind of computer to buy?
Step VII Summary
Giving advice/suggestions
1.Have you considered doing….?
2.I suggest(that )you do…
3.You’d better do….
4.Why not do…./Why don’t you do….?
5.Why not ask Mr Li for help?
Ask for advice/suggestions
1.What’s your opinion?
2.May/Can I….?
3.I need your help in…
Step VIII Homework
1. Recite the dialogue or make up a new one.
2. Finish the exercises in the Wb.
3. Preparation the next lesson.
教学设计方案Lesson54
Teaching Aims
1. Check the exercises.
2. Ask some Ss to recite the dialogue or make some sentences using what they have learnt.
3. Some exercises
Teaching Procedures
Step I. Lead-in
T: In our daily life, the letters play an important part. We can exchange information through the letters. People sometimes write letters to ask their good friends for advice. Now, I have two letters. One is from Ken; the other is from Yang Mei.
(Prepare two envelopes and write the two letters ahead of time. ) I also have two titles:
(1)Shall I tell...?
(2) How do I make friends?
(Write the titles on the blackboard. )
Who’d like to read them for us?
( Choose two Ss to read them. )
Which title is for Ken's letter and which is for Yang Mei’s?
(The first title is for Ken's letter and the second is for Yang Mei’s.)
Step II Fast-reading:
Read the letters quickly and make some notes for the following questions.
(1) Is Ken enjoying his new school? Why?
Key: No. Because the other students went to the same junior middle school, so they got along well with each other. They made fun of Ken. So he spent a lot of time alone. He found it hard to make friends with them. )
(2) Why doesn't Yang Mei want to spend her winter vacation with her cousin?
Key: They used to be very good friends. Recently she discovered that her cousin had started to tell lies. She told him that it was wrong to tell lies, but he just laughed at her. )
(3) What's Amy's advice for Ken?
Key: Don't worry about being short. Look for a special friend. Don't spend too much time alone. )
(4) And for Yang Mei?
Key: Have another talk with her cousin. Tell him the reason why she doesn't want to spend her vacation with him.
Step III. Detailed-reading
Read the answering letter again and find out the information of the following.
1) Which is the reply to Letter A and which is to Letter B?
Key: The one on Page 54 is the reply to Letter A; the other on Page 55 is the reply to Letter B.
2) How do you know about that? Say some key words.
Key: For A: new school, make fun of, short. For B; tell lies, spend your vacation. . .
3) Decide which is True and which is False.
a. Ken didn’t enjoy his new school at all because it was so small.
b. Ken asked Amy for advice on how to grow tall.
c. Yang Mei thought it wrong to tell lies.
d. Yang Mei loves her cousin so they were planning to spend part of the winter vacation together.
e. Amy's advice to Ken is that he should look for one special friend.
f. Amy told Yang Mei that she shouldn't ask her cousin home for the vacation.
Suggested answers: F F T F T T
Step IV Practice
用所给动词的适当形式填空
invite, do, keep, get, use, grow, ask, make, become, think
1. Today the Great Wall ____ a place of interest not only to the Chinese people, but also to the people from all over the world.
2. They thought it important ____ a secret.
3. Our teachers ____ he could pass the examinations last term.
4. Recently he ____ the suggestion that they should talk with each other in English.
5. I don t think we know him well enough ____ him for advice.
6. I asked how she ____ on with her work.
7. He ____ to eat rice, but now he has been used to eating steamed bread.
8. He came in without ____.
9. All the seeds she had dropped ____ into trees.
10. Are you going ____ a washing today?
Step V Oral practice
1. Make a dialogue between Amy and her mother using what they have learnt. Begin like this: A for Amy, M for mother.
M: Have you written back to. . . ?
A: Yes.
M: Did you give. . . some advice?
A: Yes.
M: What’s your advice for. . . ?
2. Ask the students to discuss the following topics in groups of four. Write down the main points. Then ask one of the four to show their own opinions.
1) What will you do if you have a friend who has begun to tell lies?
2) Do you think whether to be thin or fat is important to people especially to young ladies?
3) What can we learn from the lesson?
3. Make up a new dialogue using “I thought. . . , but it wasn't.”
For example:
A: Where did you go for the weekend?
B: Well, I was going to the shop, but in fact I went to the free market.
A: What was it like?
B: I thought it would be very busy and crowded, but in fact it was quiet.
Step VI Homework
1. Exercises in the Wb.
2. Read the passages repeatedly and then recite one of them.
3. Write a short passage using the words and expressions learnt in this unit.
Suggested model:
Li Hong told me that she was tired of her partner and she was considering changing the seats with others in a few days' time. Her partner had studied very well. She thought it was going to be fun for them to sit together. But later she found she didn’t like her at all and they couldn’t get on well with each other. I asked her why, she didn't reply to my question, and she just said sometimes he laughed at her. She also worried about her changing because she had to ask for the permission of the head teacher
典型例题
例1-Come in, Peter. I want to show you something.
-Oh, how nice of you! I ______ you ______ to bring me a gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going
C. didn't think; were going D. hadn’t I thought; were going
解析：由于收到礼物纯属意料之外，在过去没有想到，而现在应该知道了，所以第一空要用一般过去时，never thought表示纯属意料之外。而didn’t think 表示想到“你不会”。根据宾语从句与主句的谓语动词之间的对应关系后一空要用过去将来时。本题正确答案为B。
例2-Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
-I _______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
解析：这是一道对话题，首先根据问句得知Alice昨天（即过去）没有来。而答句为省略句，若填A则为had come（昨天以前来过，但昨天没来），与but解释的原因不符。而D项为came（昨天来了）与问句子didn’t come不符。故要用过去将来时。would come与was going to come虽均可以表示过去将来时，但was going to还可以表示过去打算干什么。
例3 I ______ walk to school, but now I go by bike.
A. used to B. is used to C. use to D. was used to
解析：根据句中but now（但是现在）以及walk to school 与 go by bike的对比关系可以看出，“现在”“骑车上学”而“过去”“走路上学”而得知，前句表示过去习惯，而现在不做了。这一用法符合used to。而B项则表示“被用来做某事”。C项中used to只有过去时而没有现在时，故为错误选项。本题答案为A。
例4 Readers can _______ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through
解析：get over克服困难；get in进入，到达，插话，get along进展，相处；get through完成。本句话的意思是“尽管读者不知道每个单词的精确意思，但他们能很好地理解本书的意思”。所以get along符合此意。本题答案为C。
例5 The clouds are gathering, which suggests that it _______ rain, so Mother suggests we _____ out.
A. is going to; went B. should; not to go
C. is going to; not go D. should; not going
解析：suggest后可接名词、动词-ing或that引导的宾语从句，如suggest为“建议”之意，则其后的宾语从句须用should+动词原形，should可以省略，故C、D项为可选答案。但第一个suggest的主语为which（指代乌云密布一事）故无法作出“建议”而不能用should后接动词原形；又因第二空前为we所以suggest后接宾语从句that被省略。本题答案为C。
例6. There are a lot of ______ in Beijing.
A .place of interest B .place of interests
C. places of interest D. places of interests
解析：表示place of interest的复数形式时，不能在interest后加s, interest在此为抽象名词；只能在place后加s。正确答案是C。
例7. He used to _______ in the river when he was a boy.
A .swimming B. swim C .swam D. swims
解析：used to表示过去习惯性的动作，意为“过去常常”，后接动词原形。be used to后才能接动词-ing形式或名词。正确答案是B。
例8. People ______ think that the earth was flat.
A. would B. will C. used to D. usually
解析：would 和used to都可用来表示过去反复反生的动作。但表示过去存在的状态时，常用used to而不用would。正确答案是C。
例9. It's hard ______ you to make him ______ change his mind.
A. of, to B. for, to C. for, / D. of, /
解析：make 作“使、叫、让”解时，用不定式作宾语补足语，且to必须省略，即make sb. do sth.另外，根据句意，you应该是不定式to make的逻辑主语，故适应于句型It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 如果句中的表语形容词是说明逻辑主语的则用句型It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 正确答案是C。
例10. Most of the visitors who _______ to the party were young people.
A. were invited B. asked C. are invited D. ask
解析：表示邀请某人（参加活动）“用invite sb. to (dinner / a party / a meeting)”，其被动语态用be invited to some place. 如果当面邀请，则用Will you come to…?。正确答案是A。
扩展资料
British Public Schools
All over the world, the mention of English education suggests a picture of the public schools, and it suggests in particular the names tike Eton. Actually Eton is a public school. And the best known of the public schools are not really public at all, but independent and private secondary schools taking boys from the age of thirteen to eighteen years. The public schools in reality form a very small part of the whole system of secondary education; only about one out of forty English boys goes to a public school, and one out of 1,500 goes to Eton. However, it is still true that if an English parent has enough money to pay the fees to send his children to an independent school he will most probably do so.
The private secondary schools, or public schools, are generally controlled by the governing bodies, who are appointed as trustees to keep alive the foundations originally begun by charitable institutions or by rich people. They do not make any financial profits, but only to balance their budgets.
It is difficult to make a precise definition of the term “public schools”. But it is safe to say that there are altogether about a hundred schools which would universally be regarded as “public schools”. Within the group there are about thirty which can be regarded as “leading public schools”. Most public schools, particularly the most eminent ones, are called by the name of the town or village in which they are situated. The four most famous of all are Eton College, Harrow School, Winchester College and Rugby School.
To send a boy to a leading public school costs about ￡ 900 to ￡1,000 a term, though some of the less famous schools may cost as little as ￡ 600. When a boy has been provisionally accepted, he must, when the time comes, present himself as a candidate for the Common Examination for Entrance to Public Schools. Some public schools accept only boys who have done very well in this examination, but some others deliberately prefer to have a mixture of clever and not-so-clever boys.
Every public school has many rules and customs peculiar to itself - uniforms, special clothes, ties, hats, rituals and traditions. But the essential characteristics are more or less the same in them. A typical public school has about 500 boys. There may be some buildings which are three or four hundred years old. There are probably modern and well-equipped scientific laboratories.
Though teaching is arranged centrally for the school as a whole, the boys live in separate “houses”. Usually a boy enters a house, and remains in the same house for the whole of his time as a pupil. A typical house has about fifty boys, and they are all under the special care of the housemaster and his wife. The house itself is a world in miniature. “Fagging” is a well known public school institution. Not long ago the youngest boys had to perform personal services for the oldest ones, doing such jobs as cleaning their shoes and running errands for them. Now it is much diminished.
Much attention is paid to sports. And boys are often obliged to play football or cricket, or to row on a nearby river or to go out running or to play some other games, on most days of every week. But now there is also much encouragement for other forms of non-academic activities. Boys form their own societies for the pursuit of many and varied interests and they learn a great deal from each other.
Religion plays an important part in the life of most public schools. In nearly every one there is a chapel which dominates the school buildings and is big enough to hold all the boys and masters. Until fifty years ago, most headmasters were clergymen; this is now no longer so. But the headmasters are still generally expected to be specially interested in the religion in the school, and occasionally to preach sermons in the chapel on Sundays.
There may be one master for every ten boys, and the classes are small and flexible. As the boy grows older and reaches the Sixth Form he will be given great scope and encouragement to develop intellectually in his own way. Public schools do not claim to be more efficient at giving instructions than the grammar schools, but they do say that they try to create conditions in which the mind can develop in broadth as welt as depth, and not only the mind but the whole personality as well.
Lessons can be planned so as to leave much time for sports and other outside activities. More important, the atmosphere of the house and school breeds a combination of loyalty and competitiveness. To the individual boy, his progress through his house is like his future progress through life in the world outside. First he learns to take a humble part, respectful towards his superiors; and in the end, as a prefect, he learns responsibilities and the art of leadership.
Through leaving home at an early age, the boys learn to suppress their emotions - and sometimes it may seem that they learn to have no emotions at all. Certainly one quality they learn is an ability not to take themselves too seriously. The boys from public schools seem on the whole more sophisticated, mature and self-assured than others.
Why are the public schools so successful, both in having so many applicants for their limited places, and in seeing so many of their former pupils becoming the leading figures in the nation's life? The answer is: To be successful in life, you must fit readily with those who are already at the top. The public schools help you to be that kind of persons. Also, the best of them are very successful academically. This is why so many fathers want so much to send their sons to the famous schools.
British Universities: Cambridge and Oxford
There are more than forty universities in Britain. They are all private institutions. Each has its own governing councils, including some local businessmen and local politicians as well as a few academics. Students have to pay fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives a personal grant which is enough to pay for his full costs, including lodging and food.
Each university has its own syllabuses, and there are some quite important differences between one and another. In general the Bachelor's degree is given to the students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study. Bachelors' degrees are at two levels, Honours and Pass. In some cases the Honours degree is given for intensive study and examination in one, two or three related subjects white the Pass degree may be somewhat broader.
The first post-graduate degree is normally that of Master, conferred for a thesis based on at least one year's full-time work; the time actually taken is usually more than the year. Oxford and Cambridge are peculiar in that they give the Master of Arts degree automatically to any Bachelor who pays the necessary fees at any time after the seventh year from his admission to the university.
Oxford and Cambridge resemble each other quite closely. They have a special preeminence, but they two no longer belong to the upper and upper-middle classes as the public schools do. They are both based on colleges. These colleges are parallel and equal institutions, and none of them is connected with any particular field of study. In order to become a member of the university, a student must first be accepted as a member of a college.
Each college is governed by its Fellows. And most of them were founded before 1600, and the oldest three before 1300. The biggest and most magnificent is Christ Church. Its members, with wonderful arrogance, habitually call it “The House”. It has educated many cabinet ministers. Colleges choose their new students mainly on academic merit, but some also admit a few men who are good at sports, or the sons of eminent citizens or of millionaires.
It is easy to see the advantages of an education at Oxford. The surroundings of the ancient buildings are infinitely pleasing. The teaching varies between good and bad, but the whole effect is highly stimulating. The libraries and bookshops are probably unequalled anywhere.
Most of a man's contacts are with the people in his own college, though the average student has many friends in other colleges too. But an Oxford college is a community, and its students feel very conscious of belonging to it. The intercollege rowing races in the summer provide Oxford with a great and colorful social occasion.
Each Fellow in a college is a tutor in his own subject to the undergraduates who are studying it. Each student goes to his tutor's room for an hour every week to sit in an armchair and read out an essay which he and the tutor then discuss. The system of teaching here encouraged independent thoughts and judgements.
Oxford is more tolerant than Cambridge; and except Churchill, every Prime Minister from 1945 to 1974 was an Oxford graduate. But Cambridge is more developed than Oxford in scientific studies. The rivalry between the two universities at sports is a part of the national life.
England had no other universities, apart from Oxford and Cambridge, until the nineteenth century. During the 19th century, institutions of higher education were founded in most of the biggest industrial towns. For a long time they could not give degrees themselves. But one by one, they grew bigger and became independent universities. Since the 1960s, new forms of higher education were established, among which the Open University is the most interesting innovation. It gives courses through one of the BBC’s television channels and by radio, and it developed prosperously all over the country.
探究活动
编写对话
1．假定你是Amy, 接到两封信。用自己的语言描写这两封信，或编写一个与自己母亲的小对话。
Model:
Suppose you are Amy and you've just got two letters. Describe the letters in your own words:
I've got two letters this morning. The first letter is from Ken. He told me that he did not like new school, because all the other students had been in the same school before and they got along with each other very well. Though Ken tried to be friendly, they still did not like him and even made fun of him sometimes. So Ken asked me for some advice.
The second letter is from Yang Mei. In her letter she told me something about her cousin.
She had invited her cousin home to spend part of the winter vacation with her. But then she discovered that her cousin had started to tell lies. She did not know whether to tell his parents and teachers or not. So she asked me for my advice.
Mum; Amy, have you written back to Ken and Yang Mei?
Amy: Yes, and I've posted the letters already.
Mum; Did you give Ken some advice?
Amy: Yes. I told him not to worry about being short. Many people are short, and they are just fine.
Mum: Hmm, but Ken's problem is that he doesn't have friends at school, and what was your suggestion?
Amy: I told him that he should choose a special friend, someone who he thinks is kind and friendly, and I told him not to spend too much time alone.
Mum: Good. And what did you say in your letter to Yang Mei?
Amy:...
2．根据对话中提及种植西红柿的实验经过，教师用投影仪打出如下提示，要求学生按所给提示，两人一组，说出该过程：
Say something about how to do the tomato experiment; 1) not use anything special; 2) ask Mr. Wu to borrow some boxes? 3) use the lab and prepare some plant food; 4) weigh plant food carefully; 5) grow tomatoes in one box which has plant food in the soil ; grow some tomatoes in another box which does not; 6) see the result
3．教师指导学生归纳在本课中有关提出忠告和建议的常用语句也可为学生设计一些“问题”，启发同学运用这部分语言，为别人提出忠告和建议。Samples:
Somebody wants to improve his/her Chinese, but does not know HOW. Please give him or her some advice. 2) Somebody wants to improve his/her health, but does not know HOW. Please give him or her some advice. 3) Somebody is too fat/thin. Please give him or her some advice. 4) Somebody has difficulty in getting along with his/her classmates. Please give him or her some advice.
习题精选
一、单项选择
1.-The man is very large and tall. -Yes, he _______ 180 jin.
A. is weighed B. weighs C. weights D. is weighted
2. Those _______ learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. that B. who C. whose D. which
3. Don’t worry about _______, there’s still enough time.
A. being late B. to be late C. be late D. late
4. I will believe it _______ I see it with my _______ eyes.
A. without; very B. if not; two
C. until; owned D. unless; own
5. Tom is absent from school _______ his illness.
A. because B. as C. because of D. since
6. China’s Great Wall is a famous place of _______ in the world.
A. interest B. interests C. interesting D. interested
7. Tom and Bob are quite different in character. I don' t think they can get _____ well with each other.
A. down B. in touch C. along D. back
8. The train ______ he was traveling was late.
A. which B. by which C. on which D. where
9. He said he ______ to the airport to see her off the next morning.
A. will go B. had gone C. would go D. has to go
10. We had learned about 2,000 English words ______ the end of last term.
A. at B. in C. by D .to
11. His spoken English is better than _______ in our class.
A. anyone B. anyone else C. anyone's D. anyone else's
12. Does anyone ______ Jim live here?
A. called B. call C. to call D. calling
13. World War B ,_______ lasted more than four years, ended in autumn in 1945.
A. that B. which C. it D. where
14. When we met them in the street, they ______ to the cinema.
A. would go B. went C. were going D. go
15.I think the house is too small _______
A. to live B .to be lived C .to live in D. for living
16. There used to be a factory near the river,______?
A. didn't there B. used there
C. usedn't it D. didn't it
17. My uncle is considering ________ his health.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to be improved
18. The boy ______ a newspaper over there is my cousin.
A. who is reading B. is reading
C. readingD. Both A and C
19. He fell and broke his left leg. _____ he had to be away from school for at least one month.
A. Instead of this B. More or less
C. As a result D. First of all
20. He found the glass_______.
A. breaking B .broken C .to break D. has broken
Keys:1.B 2.B 3.A 4. D 5.C 6.A 7. C 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.B
二、完形填空
When Pat Jones finished college, she decided she wanted to 1 around the world and see as many foreign places as she could 2 she was young. Pal wanted to visit Latin America 3 , so she got a job 4 an English teacher in a school in Bolivia. Pat spoke a little Spanish, 5_ she was able to communicate with her students even when they 6 much English.
A sentence she had read somewhere stuck in her mind: if you dream 7 a foreign language, you have really 8 it. Pat repeated this sentence to her students and 9 that someday she would dream in Spanish and they would dream in 10 .
One day, one of her worst students came up and explained in Spanish that he had not done his homework. He had gone to bed early and had slept 11
“What does this have to do with 12 ?” Pat demanded.
“I dream 13 , Miss Jones, and my dream was in English!”
“In English” , Pat was very 14 , since he was such a bad student, she was 15 secretly jealous. Her dreams were 16 not in Spanish. But she 17 her young student, “Well, 18 me about your dream.”
“All the people in my dream 19 English” , the student said. “And all the signs were in English. All the newspapers and magazines and all the TV programs were in English.”
“But that' s 20 ,” said Pat. “What did all the people say to you?”
“I am sorry. Miss Jones. That’s why I slept too badly. I didn’t understand a word they said. It was a nightmare !”
1. A. look B. walk C. fly D. travel
2. A. as B. while C. if D. since
3. A. first B. at first C. last D. at last
4. A. for B. of C. as D. like
5. A. and B. but C. so D. yet
6. A. speak B. know C. read D. write
7.A.m B. about C. of D. for
8. A. learned B. studied C. understood D. mastered
9. A. thought B. realized C. hoped D. supposed
10. A. English B. Spanish C. Russian D. German
11. A. well B. soundly C. badly D. little
12. A. you B. me C. your dream D. your
13. A. all clay B. all night C. at night D. all the time
14. A. surprised B. worried C. pleased D. excited
15. A. usually B. seldom C. also D. still
16. A. already B. still C. almost D. complete
17. A. told B. scolded C. inspired D. encouraged
18. A. answer B. write C. tell D. warn
19. A. read B. liked C. spoke D. learned
20. A. wonderful B. terrible C. funny D. strange
Keys:1～5 DBACC 6～10 BADCA 11～15 CDBAC 16 ～ 20 BDCCA
三、阅读理解
（A）
Many people complained (抱怨) to the boss of a cinema that some ladies watched films with their hats on and blocked their view(挡住视线). They suggested the boss put a notice asking the ladies to take off their hats when seeing films.
The boss said that it was not polite to ask ladies to take off their hats and that he would protect their right to wear hats. The complainers were completely disappointed.
But the next day, the following words appeared on the screen before the film was on:
“Considering the health of ladies of old age, this cinema allows older ladies to wear their hats when seeing films.”
All the ladies took their hats off after they saw this notice.
1 “Many people” at the beginning of the text might refer to ______
A. husbands and wives B. wives and children
C. gentlemen D. middle-aged man
2. Where do you think the ladies with their hats on were sitting?
A. In front of the complainers.
B. Not far from the complainers.
C. Very close to the complainers.
D. At the back of the cinema.
3 . What suggestion did the complainers give to the boss of the cinema?
A. A notice should be put to ask everyone to take off the hat.
B. Nobody should wear their hat when seeing films in the cinema.
C. Ladies should take off their hats when seeing films in the cinema.
D. A notice should be put to allow only old ladies to wear their hats.
4. The boss of the cinema thought of a way _______.
A. to. ask old ladies to take off their hats
B. not to make the complainers disappointed
C. to protect the ladies’ right to wear their hats
D. not to make all the young ladies angry
5. Which of the following is true?
A. All the older ladies took off their hats when they saw the notice on the screen.
B.AII the people saw films without their hats on because none of them were old.
C. The boss of the cinema was not only friendly to the ladies but quite clever.
D . The boss of the cinema thought it right to wear a hat when seeing films.
（B）
An Englishman, a Frenchman and a Russian were discussing happiness. “Happiness,” said the Englishman, “is when you return home tired after work and find your slippers warming by the fire.”
“Your English have no romance (浪漫色彩),” said the Frenchman. “Happiness is when you go on a business trip and find a pretty girl who entertains (使欢乐) you. Then afterwards you part (分手) without regrets.”
“You are both wrong,” said the Russian. “True happiness is when you are at home in bed and at 4: 00 a.m. hear a hammering at the door and there stands the secret police, who says to you, ‘Ivan lvanovitch, you are under arrest’ , and you say ‘Sorry, lvanovitch lives next door’.”
6. The Englishman’s happiness suggests that ______.
A. he should have no time to warm his slippers
B. he enjoys the warmth of the family
C. he thinks it the most important to have warm slippers
D. he wants someone to warm his slippers
7. What the Frenchman said means that _______.
A. a man can be free to play with any pretty girl when possible
B. he wants to marry the girl he loves
C. he is interested in going on a business trip
D. Englishmen should have more romance
8. The Russian thought that _______.
A. both the Englishman and the Frenchman are not right
B. neither the Englishman nor the Frenchman is right
C. neither the Englishman nor the Frenchman is wrong
D. either the Englishman or the Frenchman is wrong
9. The meaning of the Russian’s words is that _______.
A. he would like to have a good sleep at night
B. he will feel happy if his neighbour is arrested
C. he thinks it happiness to feel safe
D. he will feel afraid if anyone knocks at his door at night
10. The best title for this passage is _______.
A. The Difference in Happiness
B. How to Get Happiness
C. The Definition (定义) of Happiness
D. The Importance of Happiness
Keys:1-5C A C B C 6～10 BABCC
